仁爱版八年级英语下册Unit 9 Forces of Nature话题阅读专练

Unit9ForcesofNature

话题阅读精练

模块语篇题型体裁词数内容简介

时文阅读Passage1阅读理解说明文160本文介绍在自然灾害（如地震、洪水）中

的基本防护步骤与安全准则，强调提前准

备与保持冷静的重要性。

Passage2阅读理解说明文150本文说明气候变化如何导致更频繁、

更严重的自然灾害，并简要提出个人

与社会可采取的应对行动。

实战演练Passage1阅读理解说明文249介绍“海绵城市”的概念及其如何通过

吸收、储存和利用雨水来缓解城市内

涝问题。

Passage2阅读理解记叙文219讲述缅甸地震的发生原因、造成的破

坏以及国际社会（尤其是中国）的援

助行动。

Passages语法填空说明文200介绍自然灾害（如地震、台风、洪水）

中的自我保护方法，并强调灾后听从

指挥与互助重建的重要性。

Passagc4完形滇空记叙文237讲述雷山志愿者在榕江洪水灾害中

进行救援的故事，体现灾害中的人道

主义精神与社区团结。

时次阅裱

Passage1

WhenNatureStrikes:HowtoStaySafeinaNaturalDisaster

当自然来袭：如何在自然灾害中保持安全

Naairaldisasterscanhappenanywhereandatanytime.Earthquakes,floods,storms,andwildfiresarcjustafew

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examplesofnature,spowerfulforces.Whilewecannotstoptheseevents,wecanleamhowtoprotectourselvesand

others.

自然灾害可能在任何时间、任何地点发生。地震、洪水、风暴和野火只是大自然强大力量的几个例子。虽

然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以学习如何保护自己和他人。

Thefirststepistostayinformed.Listentoweatherreportsandemergencywarningsontheradiooryourphone.

Manycountrieshaveearlywarningsystemsforearthquakes,typhoons,andfloods.Ifyouhearawarning,takeit

seriouslyandactquickly.

第一步是保持信息畅通。通过广播或手机收听天气预报和紧急警报。许多国家都有地震、台风和洪水的早

期预警系统。如果你听到警报，请认真对待并迅速行动。

Next,makeasafetyplanwithyourfamily.Decidewheretomeetifyougetseparated.Prepareanemergencykit

withwater,food,aflashlight,atlrst-aidkit,andimportantdocuments.Practicewhattododuringdifferenttypesof

disasters,like“drop,cover,andholdon“duringanearthquake.

接下来，与家人一起制定安全计划。决定如果走散在哪里集合。准备一个应急包，里面装有水、食物、手

电筒、急救包和重要文件。练习在不同灾害中该如何行动，比如地震时的“趴下、掩护、抓稳”。

Duringadisaster,staycalm.Ifyouwreindoors,stayawayfromwindowsandheavyfurniture.Ifyouareoutside,

movetoanopenareaawayfromtrees,buildings,andpowerlines.After(hedisaster,avoiddamagedareasand

listentoauthoriliesforinstructions.

灾害发生时保持冷静。如果在室内，远离窗户和重型家具。如果在室外，转移到远离树木、建筑物和电线

的开阔区域。灾害后，避开受损区域，听从当局的指示。

Beingpreparedcansavelives.Let'srespectnature'spowerandlearntolivesafelywithit.

做好准备可以挽救生命。让我们尊重大自然的力量，学会安全地与它共存。

【长难句分析】

1.原文：Whilewecannotstoptheseevents,wecanleamhowtoprotectourselvesandothers.

翻译：虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以学习如何保护自己和他人。

分析：本句包含一个让步状语从句uWhilewecannotstoptheseevents'',主句为"wecanlearn…”，其中

**howtoprotectourselvesandothers''是宾语从句的简化形式。

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2.原文：Ifyouhearawarning,takeitseriouslyandactquickly.

翻译：如果你听到警报，请认真对待并迅速行动。

分析：本句为条件状语从句，主句为祈使句“takeitseriouslyandactquickly"，结构简洁有力，用于提

出建议。

3.原文：Beingpreparedcansavelives.

翻译：做好准备可以挽救生命。

分析：动名词短语“Beingprepared”作主语，谓语为“cansave”，表达一种普遍真理。

【重难词汇梳理］

1.disaster/dizaestar/-n.灾难

2.emergency/Im3：rdjansi/-n.紧急情况

3.v/arning/'wo：rnlg/-n.警告

4.separated/'seporeitid/-adj.分开的

5.authorities/s'00：ratiz/-n.当局，官方

6.respect/ri'spekt/-v.尊重

7.prepare/pri'per/-v.准备

8.calm/ka：m/-adj.冷静的

9.damaged/'daemidjd/-adj.受损的

10.instruedon/In'strAkfn/-n.指示

Passage2

ClimateChangeandNaturalDisasters:WhafstheConnection?

气候变化与自然灾害：有何关联？

Inrecentyears,wehaveseenmorefrequentandseverenaturaldisastersaroundtheworld.Scientistssaythat

climatechangeisoneofthemainreasonsbehindthistrend.

近年来，我们在世界各地看到了更频繁、更严重的自然灾害。科学家表示，气候变化是这一趋势背后的主

要原因之一。

Climatechangereferstolong-termchangesintemperatureandweatherpatterns.Humanactivities,suchasburning

coalandoil,releasegreenhousegasesintotheair.ThesegasestrapheatandcausetheEarth'stemperaturetorise.

Thisleadstomeltingice,risingsealevels,andmoreextremeweatherevents.

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气候变化指的是温度和天气模式的长期变化。人类活动，如燃烧煤炭和石油，向空气中排放温室气体。这

些气体捕获热量，导致地球温度上升。这会导致冰融化、海平面上升和更极端的天气事件。

Forexample,highertemperaturescancauselongerandstrongerheatwaves.Theycanalsomakestormsmore

pov/erfulbecausewarmairholdsmoremoisture.Insomeareas,climatechangebringsheavierrainfallandfloods,

whileinothers,itleadstodroughtsandwildfires.

例如，更高的温度会导致更长久、更强烈的热浪。它们也可能使风暴更强大，因为温暖的空气含有更多水

分。在一些地区，气候变化带来更强的降雨和洪水，而在另一些地区，则导致干旱和野火。

Whatcanwedo?Wecanreduceourcarbonfootprintbyusinglessenergy,recycling,andchoosingpublic

transportation.Governmentsandorganizationsarealsoworkingoncleanenergyprojectslikesolarandwind

pov/er.

我们能做什么？我们可以通过节约能源、回收利用和选择公共交通来减少碳足迹。政府和组织也在推动太

阳能和风能等清洁能源项目。

Understandingthelinkbetweenclimatechangeandnaturaldisastershelpsustakeactiontoprotectourplanetand

ourselves.

理解气候变化与自然灾害之间的联系，帮助我们采取行动保护地球和自己.

【长难句分析】

1.原文：Scientistssay(ha(climatechangeisoneofthemainreasonsbehindthistrend.

翻译：科学家表示，气候变化是这一趋势背后的主要原因之一。

分析：本句包含一个宾语从句“thatclimatechangeis…”，作“say”的宾语，说明科学家的观点。

2.原文:Humanactivities,suchasburningcoalandoil,releasegreenhousegasesintotheair.

翻译；人类活动，如燃烧煤炭和石油，向空气中排放温室软体。

分析：主语为“Humanactivilies”，后接插入语“suchas…”举例说明，谓语为“release”，宾语为

“greenhousegases”。

3.原文：Understandingthelinkbetweenclimatechangeandnaturaldisastershelpsustakeactiontoprotectour

planetandourselves.

翻译：理解气候变化与自然灾害之间的联系，帮助我们采取行动保护地球和自己。

分析：动名词短语“Understandingthelink...”作主语，谓语为“helps”，后接宾语“us”和省略“to”的

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不定式“takeaction”。

【重难词汇梳理］

1.frequent/,fri：kwont/-adj.频繁的

2.severe/si'vir/-adj.严重的

3.climate/'klalmat/-n.气候

4.pattern/'pjetarn/-n.模式

5.greenhousegas/'gri：nhausgtes/-n.温室气体

6.moisture/'inOIstfor/-n.水分

7.drought/draut/-n.干旱

8.carbonfootprint/'ka：rbon'fu:print/-n.碳足迹

9.recycle/,ri：salkl/-v.回收利用

10.solarpower/'souhrpaUsr/-n.太阳能

灰陋你

Passage1

（2025•云南•中考模拟）Manycitiesaroundtheworldfaceincreasingproblemswithflooding,especially

duringheavyrains.Traditionalcitydesignsoftenuselargeareasofconcreteandroads,whichpreventrainwater

fromsoakingintotheground.Thisleadstorunoff（径流）andfloods.Toaddressthis,Chinaisdevelopinganew

conceptcalled“SpongeCities”.

A“SpongeCity“isdesignedtoabsorb,store,filter,andreuserainwater,muchlikeasponge.Thisinvolves

severalstrategies.Forexample,Dermeable（可渗透的）roadsandsidewalksarebuilt,allowingwatertopass

throughthemintothesoilbelow.Greenroofsandwallsarecreatedonbuildings,whichcanabsorbrainwaterand

cooldownthecity.Parksandwetlandsarcalsoimportantpartsofspongecities,astheycantemporarilyholdlarge

amountsofwaterandgraduallyreleaseit.

ThebenefitsofSpongeCitiesarenumerous.Firstly,theyeffectivelyreduceurbanfloodingbymanaging

rainwaterlocally.Secondly,theyimprovewaterqualitybyfilteringpollutants（污染物）aswatersoaksintothe

ground.Thirdly,theyhelptoreplenish（补充）undergroundwatersources,whichisimportantforlong-termwater

supply.Fourthly,byincreasinggreenspaces,theyhelptocooldov/ncities,makingthemmorecomfortableand

beautiful.

5/12

WhilebuildingSpongeCitiesrequiressignificantinvestmentandcarefulplanning,thelong-term

environmentalandeconomicbenefitsarehuge.It'sasustainableapproachtourbandevelopment,offeringagreener

andsaferfiiturcforcitydwellers.Chinaaimstotransform80%ofitscitiesinto“SpongeCities”by2030,showing

astrongcommitmenttothisinnovativesolution.

1.Whatisthemainproblemthat“SpongeCities”aimtosolve?

A.Lackofgreenspacesincities.

B.Airpollutioninurbanareas.

C.Urbanfloodingduringheavyrains.

D.Highcostofbuildingnewreads.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTastrategyusedin"SpongeCities”?

A.Buildingpermeableroads.

B.Creatinggreenroofsandwalls.

C.Usingtraditionalconcreteroadseverywhere.

D.Developingmoreparksandwetlands.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'permeable“inParagraph2mostlikelymean?

A.Allowingwatertopassthrough.

B.Verystronganddurable.

C.Madeofconcrete.

D.Notaffectedbyheat.

4.Whichofthefollowingisabenefitof“SpongeCitics”？

A.Theyincreaseurbanairpollution.

B.Theyreduceundergroundwatersources.

C.Theymakecitieshotter.

D.Theyimprovewaterquality.

5.WhatcanweinferaboutChina'sattitudetowards^SpongeCitics'?

A.Chinaisnotveryseriousaboutthisconcept.

B.Chinaseesitasatemporarysolution.

C.Chinaishighlycommittedtodevelopingthem.

D.Chinabelievesit'stooexpensivetobuildthem.

【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C

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【导语】本文介绍“海绵城市''的概念及其解决城市内涝问题的原理。

1.细节理解题。根据“Thisleadstoruno汗（径流）andfloods.Toaddressthis,Chinaisdevelopinganewconcept

called…”可知，海绵城市旨在解决暴雨引发的城市内涝，故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据“Thisinvolvesseveralstrategics.Forexample,permeable（可渗透的）roadsandsidewalksarc

built,allowingwatertopassthroughthemintothesoilbelow.Greenroofsandwallsarecreatedonbuildings,

whichcanabsorbrainwaterandcooldownthecity.Parksandwedardsarealsoimportantpartsofspongecities,as

theycantemporarilyholdlargeamountsofwaterandgraduallyreleaseit.”可知，海绵城市策略包括透水路、绿

色屋顶和墙壁、公园湿地。C项不属于海绵城市策略，故选C。

3.词义猜测题。根据"Forexample,permeable（可渗透的）roadsandsidewalksarebuilt,allowingwatertopass

throughthemintothesoilbelow”可知，修建可渗透的道路和人行道，让水通过它们进入下面的土壤，故选A。

4.细节理解题。根据“ThebenefitsofSpongeCiticsarcnumerous.Firstly,theyeffectivelyreduceurbanflooding

bymanagingrainwaterlocally.Secondly,theyimprovewaterqualitybyfilteringpollutants（污染物）aswatersoaks

into（heground.Thirdly,theyhelptoreplenish（补充）undergroundv/alersources,whichisimportantforlong-term

watersupply.Fourthly,byincreasinggreenspaces,theyhelptocooldowncities,makingthemmorecomfortable

andbeautiful.”可知，海绵城市的四大益处：缓解内涝、改善水质、补充地下水、降温。故选D。

5.推理判断题。根据“Chinaaimstotransform80%ofitscitiesinto'SpongeCities'by2030,showingastrong

commitmenttothisinnovativesolution.”可知,表明中国对海绵城市建设的高度承诺。故选Co

Passage!

（24-25八年级卜•山东青岛,期中）AstrongearthquaketookplaceinMyanmar（缅甸）onMarch28th,with

amagnitude（震级）of7.9.Itisthestrongestearthquakeinthatarea.

Howdidtheearthquakehappen?Thereareabout20activeplatesonEarthandtheyarealwaysmoving.

Whentwoplatesmovepasteachother,thereisanearthquake.Itcanhappenfromneartheearth'ssurface（地表）to

about700kilometersdeep.Theclosertothesurface,thestrongerthequakeis.DuringthequakeinMyanmar,the

depthwasaboutonly18kilometers.That'swhyitcausedsomanybuildingstofalldown.

Thenextday,thiseventwastheheadlineofallnewspapers.Withthereportersgivingthenews,thewhole

worldwasshocked.Manycountriesnotonlyshowedtheirpity,butalsoorganizedtogetherandofferedhelpright

away.ChinasenttwoteamstoMyanmarandprovidedtents,medicine,foodanddrinkingwater—〔hingsihalare

badlyneededinciuake-hilareas.Theybecamethefirstinternationalteamstoreachthearea,andwouldofferfurther

helpdependingonMyanmar'sneeds.MedicalteamsfromPhilippineandThailandalsoarrivedafewhourslater.

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Peoplefromallaroundtheworldhopedsurvivors(幸存者)couldstayhopefulandcareforeachother.

Thankstothehelpfromdifferentplaces,peopletherecouldliveabetterlifeandthelosswasnotsobig.

1.Earthquakehappensbecauseof.

A.CloserearthsurfaceB.PlatemovementC.HighmagnitudeD.D叩thtothe

surface

2.WhydidtheearthquakeinMyanmarcausesomanybuildingstofalldown?

A.ThereweremanyplatesonEarth.B.Theplatesmovedtoofast.

C.Theearthquakewas70()kilometersdeep.D.Theearthquakewastooclosetothesurface.

3.Whatdoes“thingsIhalarebadlyneededinuuake-hi【areas"mean?

A.Wecouldgiveawaymoneytotheteams.

B.Survivorsinquake-hitareasdidn'tlikethesethings.

C.Theteamcouldbuythesethingsinquake-hitareas.

D.Peoplecouldgiveawaythesethingstoquake-hitareas.

4.WhatdoesPara.3mainlytalkabout?

A.Theworldwasshockedbytheearthquake.

B.ChinawasthefirstcountrytohelpMyanmar.

C.Survivorsshouldstayhopefulandcareforeachother.

D.ManycountriesofferedtohelpMyanmarintheearthquake.

5.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Thelossofthisearthquakeisatsmall.

B.Peoplecannotfightagainstearthquakes.

C.TheearthquakeinMyanmarandwhatpeopledid.

D.Bigeventsalwaysbecomeheadlinesofnewspapers.

【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.D5.C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了地震发生的原因、缅甸地震造成严重破坏的原因以及各国对缅甸

地震灾区提供帮助的情况。

1.细节理解题。根据“Howdidtheearthquakehappen?Thereareabout20activeplatesonEarthandtheyare

alwaysmoving.Whentwoplatesmovepasteachother,thereisanearthquake.”可知，地震是由于板块运动引起的。

故选Bo

2.细节理解题。根据“DuringthequakeinMyanmar,thedepthwasaboutonly18kilometers.That,swhyit

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causedsomanybuildingstofalldown.”可知,缅甸地宸导致许多建筑物倒塌是因为地震离地表太近了。故选D。

3.词句猜测题。根据"ChinasenttwoteamstoMyanmarandprovidedtents,medicine,foodanddrinkingwater一

thingsthatarcbadlyneededinquakc-hitareas.”“J知，人们“J以把这些东西捐赠给地震灾区。故选D。

4.主旨大意题。根据“Thenextday,thiseventwastheheadlineofallnewspapers.Withthereportersgivingthe

news,thewholeworldwasshocked.Manycountriesnotonlyshowedtheirpity,butalsoorganizedtogetherand

offeredhelprightaway.”可知在地震中，许多国家主动提出帮助缅甸。故选D。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了缅甸发生的地震以及地震发生后各国和人们所采取的行动。故选C。

Passage3

(25-26八年级下•全国•单元测试)Naturaldisastersareterribleeventscausedbynature.Theyinclude

earthquakes,typhoons,floods,snowstormsandsoon.Everyyear,naturaldisasters](happen)inmany

pansoftheworld,bringinggreatdamageandeven2(lose)oflives.

It'simportantforustoknowhow3(protect)ourselveswhennaturaldisastersstrike.Whenan

earthquakehappens,ifyouarcindoors,youshouldstayawayfromwindowsandheavyfurniture.You'dbetter

4(hide)underastrongtableordeskuntiltheshakingstops.Ifyouareoutdoors,don'tstandnearbuildings,

treesorpowerlines.

Whenatyphooncomes,youmuststayindoorsandcloseallthewindowsanddoorstightly.Don'tgoout

5(unless)it'sabsolutelynecessary.Thestrongwindsmay6(blow)downtreesandsigns,which

areverydangerous.

Floodsarcoftencausedbyheavyrain.Ifyouarcinafloodedarea,trytomovetohighergroundassoonas

possible.Don'twalkthroughdeepwater,becauseyou7(notknow)what'sunderthewater.It'salso

dangeroustodrivethroughfloodedroads.

Afteranaturaldisaster,weshouldstaycalmand8(follow)theinstructionsofthegovernment

andrescueworkers.Weshouldhelpeachotherand9(rebuild)ourhomestogether.

Inaddition,weshouldpayattentiontotheweatherforecastandearlywarnings.By10(prepare)

wellinadvance,wecanreducethedamagecausedbynaturaldisasters.Remember,safetyisalwaysthefirst

prioritywhenfacingnaturaldisasters.

【答案】

1.happen2.loss3.toprotect4.hide5.unless6.blow7.don'tknow8.follow

9.rebuild10.preparing

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【导语】本文主要介绍了地震、台风、洪水等自然灾害，重点回述了面对不同灾害时的具体自救方法，并

强调了提前准备、听从指挥以及灾后互助重建的重要性。

1.句意：每年，世界各地都会发生各种自然灾害，造成巨大的破坏，甚至导致人员伤亡。happen“发生”，

动词，又结合时间状语“Everyyear”及语境可知，该句时态为一股现在时，旦主语disasters为第三人称更数

形式，应用happen的动词原形作谓语。故填happen。

2.句意：每年，世界各地都会发生各种自然灾害，造成巨大的破坏，甚至导致人员伤亡。lose“丢失”，动

词,又根据“...oflives”可知,此处应指“人员伤亡”,应用其对应的名词形式可ss与之搭配,表示”……的损

失”。故填loSSo

3.句意：对于我们来说，了解在自然灾害来袭时如何保护自己是非常重要的。protect“保护”，动词，又根

据“knowhow...ourselves”可知,此处应指“怎么样去保护自己“，应用其不定式形式toprotect与之搭配,“how

todosth.”表示“应该怎么去做“。故填toprotecto

4.句意：你最好躲在坚固的桌子或书桌下面，直到震动停止。hide“躲藏，隐藏”，动词，且该句考查“hadbelter

doslh”，意为“最好做某事”，为动词短语，应用其动词原形与之搭配。故填hide。

5.句意:除非绝对必要,否则不要外出。unless"除非"，又根据"Don'tgoout"及"it'sabsolutelynecessary”可

知，此处指如果（外出）不是绝对必要，就不要出去，指出了“可以外出的唯一条件“，应用unless引条件状语

从句。故填unless。

6.句意：强风可能会吹倒树木和标识牌，这非常危险。blow“吹”，动词，且情态动词may后应接动词原形。

故填blow。

7.句意：不要走进深水区，因为你无法确定水下有什么。notknow“知道”的否定形式，再结合语境可知，

该句时态为一般现在时，则原因状语从句的时态也应一致又，从句中主语you为第二人称，助动词应用don't

构成否定形式，后接动词know的原形。故填don'tknow。

8.句意：在自然灾害发生后，我们应当保持冷静，并遵循政府和救援人员的指示。follow“跟随”，动词，

该句中and连接的两个并列的成分，则should后也应用follow的动词原形与stay并列作谓语动词。故填follow。

9.句意；我们应当互相用助，共同重建家园。rebuild“重建”，动词，该句中and连接的两个并列的成分，

则should后也rebuild的动词原形与help并列作谓语动词。故填rebuild。

10.句意：通过提前做好充分准备，我们能够减少自然灾害造成的损失。prepare“准备”，动词，且介词by

后应接其对应的动名词形式。故填preparing。

Passage4

（24-25八年级下•贵州雷山•期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文各题所给的三个选项（A、

10/12

B、C）中，选出最佳选项。

1.aheavyrainhitRongjiang,andsoonabigfloodhappened.PeopleinLeishanCountyheardthe

newsand2decidedtovolunteer.Forthepastfivedays,theirvolunteershadbeenworkingtheretodo

rescue（救援）workandbringhope.

Thefloodwasterrible.Roadswere3andmanyhousesfelldown.Leishanvolunteersbrought

boats,foodandmedicine.They4ateamquicklyandstartedworking.Overthesedays,theyhadsaved

hundredsofpeoplefrom5.

First,theyneededtomovepeopleto6places.Then,thevolunteershadto7some

difficulties.uThewaterwasstillrising—wemustactfast/'saidLiHua,a20-year-oldvolunteer.

AuntWang,acookfromLeishan,hadbeenmakingmealsforthehomeless（无家可归的人）sincetheflood

came."Cookingherewas8fromcookingathome.Wcneededtomakefoodfor200peopleeveryday!”

shesaid.Shealways9theteam'splans:gettingcleanwater,keepingfoodsafeandcheeringpeopleup.

Whenkidsfellscared,shetoldthemstorieslomakethemrelax.

However,evenifthevolunteershadfinishedmostjobs,theywouldn'tstop.Theywantedtostayuntillife

returnedtonormal.

Aftertwoweeks,（hefloodslowlywentdown.Thesuncameout,andpeoplebegantorebuild（重建）their

homes.Thevolunteerssmiled—thisrescuehadmadepeoplefromRongjiangandLeishan10than

before.

1.A.RecentlyB.Usually