山东德州市2025-2026年高三年级下册英语一模（解析版）

高三英语试题

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，

用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷

上无效。

3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读

两遍。

1.Whatdocsthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Getanewcat.B.Letthecatcut.C.Feedthecatwell.

2.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Curious.B.Amused.C.Shocked.

3.Whywilltheeventbepopularaccordingtotheman?

A.Itisfreeofcharge.

B.Thefoodanddrinkaregreat.

C.Therewillberockbands.

4.Whatdayisittoday?

A.It'sSunday.B.Il'sSaturday.C.Il'sMonday.

5.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?

A.Inaticketoffice.B.Atapolicestation.C.Onthestreet.

第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分22・5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whydoesthemanwanttolearnskiing?

A.Toworkoutregularly.

B.Tomakesomenewfriends.

C.Totryoutsomethingnew.

7.Whowillthemanasktoteachhintoski?

A.Hisaunt.B.Hiscousin.C.Hisbrother.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.WhatdoesGoogleplanlodoaccordingtotheman?

A.Traintruckdrivers.

B.Studydrivers'sleephabits.

C.Promoteself-drivingtrucks.

9.Whatdocsthewomanimplyaboutself-drivingtrucks?

A.Driverswillbereplaced.

B.Lotsofaccidentscouldbeavoided.

C.Manyjobopportunitieswillbecreated.

10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutself-drivingtrucks?

A.Alittlescared.B.Hardlysatisfied.C.Veryconfident.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?

A.Afamilytrip.B.Aschooltour.C.Abirthdayparty.

12.Whatwould(hemanliketodoiftheweatherisgood?

A.Takethekidstoswim.

B.Leadthemountainhike.

C.Exploresomeplantsandanimals.

13.Whatwillthewomandonext?

A.Confirmthereservation.B.Makealistofactivities.C.Checkthesafetyequipment.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Whatare(hespeakersdoingnow?

A.Makingadesign.B.Attendingadinner.C.Havingameeting.

15.Whatisthewomanresponsiblefor?

A.Designingtrains.

B.Leadingabridgeproject.

C.Launchinganewproduct.

16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Coworkers.B.Schoolmates.C.Relatives.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whoisthetalkintendedfor?

A.Children.B.Teenagers.C.Adults.

18.Whatdotheprogramsoffertobeginners?

A.Survivalskillsintravelandwork.

B.Traininginexpressingcomplexideas.

C.Grammarimprovementcourses.

19.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheteachers?

A.Theyusefunclassrooms.

B.Theyarenativespeakers.

C.Theyofferflexibleschedules.

20.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?

A.Toadvertisecourses.

B.Toteachcommunicationskills.

C.Tointroducetheprogramhistory.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37・5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

ScienceonWheelstravelsacrossthestatebringingengagingSTEMprogrammingtogradesK-8,withafocus

oninteractiveandhands-onprogramsthatbringthejoyofscientificexplorationtolifeandempowerlearnerstosee

themselvesinSTEM.

SCIENCEONWHEELS

ProgramOfferings

•Gatherings

Guesteducatorswilldoapresentationaboutscienceforlargeaudiences,includingtheentireschool.Theymay

doloudorbrightexperiments.

Pop-upExhibits

Duringtheday,youwillgetaturntoexploreandtouchthescienceexhibitsthattheguestspeakersbring.

•ClassroomWorkshops

Guesteducatorswillcometoyourroomandorganizedifferentworkshops.

GoodVibrations:DiveintothewonderfulCritterCoders:Assoftwareengineers,leamers

worldofsoundwithtuningforks,musicalprogramamouserobottodrivethroughamaze

instrumentsandmore.Investigatehowpeople（迷宫）.Noprogrammingexperience

makeandhearsounds.necessary.

Eco-Sleuths:Whereshouldthetownbuildthe

LightenUp:Ouroriginalstoryleadsan

newmall?Studentsdeterminewaterqualityby

explorationoftheamazingpropertiesoflight

testingpHandanalyzingthepresenceof

aswcexperimentwithauniquecollectionof

bioindicators.Learnersusetheirdatato

objectsandflashlightstolearnaboutsunlight,

constructanargumentaboutwheretobuildthe

rainbowsandmore.

mall.

Registration&Cancellation

RegistrationisnowopenforboDkingsthroughJune2026.Submitarequestformtoday!Preparationofstaffand

materialsforyourScienceonWheelsisextensive.Pleasenotethatcancellationsinvolvefees:50%oftheprogram

costifcanceledwithinfourweeksofyourscheduledvisit,and100%withintwoweeks.Reschedulingcosts15%of

theprogramcost.

1.HowmanyprogramsdoesScienceonWheelsinclude?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

2.Whichworkshopbestsuitsastudentinterestedinthelocalenvironment?

A.GoodVibrations.B.CritterCoders.C.LightenUp.D.Eco-Sleuths.

3.What'stheextrachargefbratwo-weekpostponement?

A.Noadditionalcost.B.15%of（hecost.C.50%ofthecost.D.Thefullcost.

【答案】LB2.D3.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文，本文介绍了移动科普项目ScicnceonWheels,文中说明了该项目提供的三类核心

服务，介绍了课堂工作坊下的四个不同主题课程，最后说明了项目的预约规则与退改收费政策。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据ProgramOfferings部分中明确列出了三个大类项目：GatheringssPop-upExhibits

ClassroomWorkshops,因此一共3个项目，故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据表格中“Eco-Sleuths:Whereshouldthetownbuildthenewmall?Studentsdeterminewater

qualitybytestingpHandanalyzingihepresenceofbioindicators.Learnersusetheirdatatoconstructanargument

aboutwheretobuildthemall.（Eco-Slcuths：这座城镇应该把新购物中心建在何处？学生们通过检测酸碱度和

分析生物指示物的存在情况来测定水质。学生们利用收集到的数据来阐述关于购物中心应建在何处的论

点）”可知，Eco-Sleuths项目需要学生检测水质、分析环境生物指标，围绕城镇选址的环境问题探究，符合

环境相关的兴趣，故选D。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Reschedulingcosts15%oftheprogramcost.（重新安排时间收取项目费用的

15%）”可知，延期收取项目费用的15%,故选B,

B

OnthesummitofamountaincalledShishapangrna,ani8-year-oldSherpa（夏尔巴人）climbercalledNima

recordedaselfievideo.Withthisclimb,hebecametheyoungestpersonevertotopall14oftheworlds8,000-nieter

peaks.

Oncehedescended,Nimasharedthevideoonlineunderthetag（标签）“Sherpapower”,spreadingthemessage

thathispeoplewereathletesintheirownright,notjustguidesofforeignclimbers.Fornearly120years,Sherpas

haveservedasportersandguidesfbrforeignclimbersseekinggloryontheworld'shighestpeaks,whichmakesthem

socloselylinkedtothisworkthatmanyWesternersmistaketheword“Sherpa"fbraprofession,notanethnicity.

Duringhisfirstmountainclimbing,anavalanche（雪崩）claimedthelivesofhisbestfriend.Lama,andhisclient

ontheirsummitpush.HesawhowSherpassacrificedtheirownsafetyandevenlivestohelpotherssummit.Itwas

atthatmomentthathebegantouseihcword“sherpapower”withnewpurposeofbeingavoicefbrhiscommunity.

Toachievethis,NimahastobeaprofessionalclimbersponsoredbybrandsliketheRedBull.Thebrandsseldom

sponsormountaineerswhofollowtraderoutesonfixedropes.His14-peaksrecordhasn'tbeenenoughtoearn

sponsorships.Butforhim,sponsorshipsmeandignityinsteadofmoney.Hehadtoexplorenewroutesorpeaks

withoutbottledoxygenorfixedropes.Therefore,twomonthsaftersettinghisrecord,Nimawaspreparingfbrhis

nextproject.AlongsidefamedItalianclimberMoro,hewasattemptingawinterclimbingof8,163-meterManashi.

whichwaseventuallycancelledduetoextremeconditions.NiinaimmediatelyplannedanotherattemptonManaslu

fbrnextwinterwithhispartner.

ItremainstobeseenifNiinawillbethebreakthroughathletehewantstobe.Afterall,he'sonly18.

4.Whatisthecommonunderstandingof“Sherpa“toWesterners?

A.Anoccupation.B.Anidentification.C.Aresolution.D.Aproposal

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“claimed"meaninparagraph3?

A.Spared.B.Guarded.C.Took.D.Sustained.

6.WhydidNimaseekadifferentclimbingroute?

A.Tocompetewith(op-zclassathletes.

B.Toqualifyasaprofessionalclimber.

C.Tobuildhisfortuneinoutdoorindustry.

D.Togetrecognisedasanexperiencedguide.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNima?

A.Determinedandethnicallyconscious.B.Carefreeandstrong-willed.

C.Straightforwardandwell-mannered.D.Modestandwarm-hearted.

【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了18岁夏尔巴登山者Nima刷新世界纪录后，试图通过挑战非传统

登山路线获得品牌赞助，以职业运动员身份改变外界对夏尔巴人“仅是向导”的刻板印象，为自己的族群

争取尊严的故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中uFornearly120years,Sherpashaveservedasportersandguidesforforeignclimbers

seekinggloryontheworld'shighestpeaks,whichmakesthemsocloselylinkedtothisworkthatmanyWesterners

mistaketheword“Sherpa”foraprofession,notanethnicity.（近120年来，夏尔巴人一直担任着外国登山者在世

界最高峰上寻求荣耀时的搬运工和向导。由于他们与这项工作的紧密联系，许多西方人将“夏尔巴人”这

个词误认为是一种职业，而非一个族群°）”可知，西方人通常将“夏尔巴人”理解为一种职业（:故选A项。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“HesawhowSherpassacrificedtheirownsafetyandevenlivestohelpothers

summit.（他亲眼目睹了夏尔巴人为了帮助他人成功登顶而不惜牺牲自身安全甚至生命的行为。）”以及前面

的主语“anavalanche（雪崩）（一场雪崩）”可知，此处指雪崩夺走了两人的生命，画线词意为“夺走（生命）”，

与Took意思接近。故选C项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Toachievethis,Nimahastobeaprofessionalclimbersponsoredbybrandslikethe

RedBull.Thebrandsseldomsponsormountaineerswhofollowtraderoutesonfixedropes.（为了实现这一目标，

Nima必须成为一名由诸如红牛等品牌赞助的职业登山者。而这些品牌通常不会赞助那段沿着固定绳索沿固

定路线攀登的登山者。）"和"Hehadtoexplorenewroutesorpeakswithoutbottledoxygenorfixedropes.（他

不得不在没有氧气瓶和固定绳索的情况下，探索新的路线或攀登新的山峰。）”可知，Nima寻求不同登山路

线是为了获得职业登山者资格。故选B项。

7题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中“Therefore,twomonthsaftersettinghisrecord,Nimawaspreparingforhisnext

project.AlongsidefamedItalianclimberMoro,hewasattemptingav/interclimbingof8.163-meterManaslu.which

waseventuallycancelledduetoextremeconditions.NimaimmediatelyplannedanotherattemptonManaslufornext

winterwithhispartner」因此，在创下纪录两个月后，Nima开始筹备他的下一个项目。他与著名的意大利登

山者Moro一起，尝试在冬季攀登每拔8163米的马纳斯鲁峰，但由于极端天气条件，这次尝试最终被取消。

Nima随即与他的搭档计划在来年冬季再次尝试攀登马纳斯鲁峰，）”可知，Nima打破纪录后立即计划新挑

战，在计划受阻时立即做出调整，准备继续尝试，表明他坚定地追求自己的目标。根据第二段中“Oncehe

descended,Nimasharedthevideoonlineunderthetag（标签）“Sherpapower”,spreadingthemessagethathispeople

wereathletesintheirownright,notjastguidesofforeignclimbers.（Nima下来后,便将这段视频发布到了网上,

并附上了“Sherp叩ower”这一标签，以此传达这样一个信息：他的族人本身就是优秀的运动员，而不仅仅

是为外国登山者提供向导服务的人。）”和第三段中“Itwasatthatmomentthathebegantousetheword

“sherpapower"withnewpurposeofbeingavoiceforhiscommunity.（就在那一刻,他开始有意地使用

“Sherpapower”这个词，以此来代表自己的社群发声。）”可知，Nima强调夏尔巴人的运动员身份，并为族

群发声，表明他具有民族意识。故选A项。

C

You'vefollowedallsleepexperts'advice—goingtobedontime,avoidingafternooncoffee,andkeepingyour

bedroomcoolasyoulike,darkwithnolighton,andquietaspossible—yetyoustilitossandturn.Glancingatthe

silverlightthroughthecurtains,youwonder:Couldthefullmoonberuiningyoursleep?

Figuringoutthemoon'simpactonhumansleepischallenging,asemotionsandexpectationsoftencloud

judgments.Manypeopleromanticizefullmoons,especiallyspecialeventslikeharvestorbluemoons,whileothers

anlicipalerestlessnessunderafullmoon,whichalonecandisruptsleep.Scientificstudiessuggestrealphysiological

effectscausedbythemoon.

Ina2013study,Swissresearchersanalyzeddatafromanexperimentinwhichparticipantshadnoideatheir

sleepwasbeingstudiedtorlunareffects.Aroundthefullmoon,participantsexperienceda30percentdropindeep­

sleepbrainactivity,took5minuteslongertofallasleep,andslept20minuteslessoverall.Theyalsoreportedworse

sleepqualityandhadlowerlevelsofmelatonin,thehormone(荷尔蒙)thatyourbodyreleasesnaturallyatnightto

calmyourbodydownandprepareyouforsleep.However,allthesestudiesshareonemiyorlimitation:theywere

conductedinsleeplaboratories,wherethesubjectsmaybedisturbedeasilybytheunfamiliarsetting.

Toaddressthis,UniversityofWashingtonresearcherstrackedsleepinreal-worldenvironments:three

Argentiniancommunities(urbansuburbs,ruralvillagewithlimitedelectricity,remoteareawithnoelectricity)and

464Seattleuniversitystudents.Acrossallgroups,regardlessofartificiallightaccess,participantssleptlessandtook

longertofallasleepinthenightsleadinguptoafullmoon.Theresearchersthink(hismayreflectanancient

adaptation:Whenthemoonwasbrightest,ourancestorslikelystayeduplatertohunt,socialize,orworkbynatural

light.

Thesleepchangesweremostobviousinlow-clectricitycommunities,wheremoonlightremainedthemainlight

sourceatnight.Sleepexpertsnotethatwhilethefullmoon,seffect,uptoonehourlesssleep,isprofound,artificial

lightfromscreenslikelyhasanevengreaterimpactonmodernsleep.

8.Whatisthedifficultyinstudying:hemoon'seffectonsleep?

A.People'shabitsandhobbies.B.Healthconditionsandsleepspace.

C.Artificiallightornoiseintheroom.D.People'semotionsandanticipations.

9.Whatdidthe2013Swissstudyfindaboutfullmoons?

A.Theycaused25minuteslesssleeponaverage.

B.Theyaffectedpeoplemoreintherealworld.

C.Theyhadlessimpactonsleepthanexpected.

D.Theyledtoareduceddeep-sleepbrainactivity.

10.WhydidUniversityofWashingtonresearchersadjuststudysurroundings?

A.Tocomparesleeppatternsbyagegroup.

B.Toanalyzetheinfluenceofartificiallightonsleep.

C.Toavoidtheimpactofstrangesettingsonsubjects.

D.Totestwhetherurbanlifestylecancelslunareffects.

11.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheEndofMoonlightFolktalesB.CityLights5effectsonHumanSleep

C.Moonlight'sbattlewithartificiallightD.TheMoon'sSilentTheftofOurSleep

【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕“满月是否会影响人类睡眠”展开，多项研究都证实满月会减少人们的

睡眠时间、降低睡眠质量。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Figuringoutthemoon'simpactonhjmansleepischallenging,asemotionsand

expectationsoftencloudjudgments.]要弄清楚月亮对人类睡眠的影响并非易事，因为情绪和期望常常会干扰

判断）”可知，研究月亮对睡眠的难处在于人们的情绪和预期会干扰判断，故选D。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Aroundthefullmoon,participantsexperienceda30percentdropindeep-sleep

brainactivity,took5minuteslongertofallasleep,andslept20minuteslessoverall/在满月期间，参与者深度睡

眠时的大脑活动下降了30%,入睡所需时间延长了5分钟，总体睡眠时间减少了20分钟）”可知，2013年

的研究发现满月导致深度睡眠脑活动减少，故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中wHowever,allthesestudiesshareonemajorlimitation:theywereconductedinsleep

laboratories,wherethesubjectsmaybedisturbedeasilybytheunfamiliarsetting。然而,所有这些研究都存在一

个主要的局限性：它们都是在睡眠实验室中进行的，而在这样的环境中，实验对象很容易受到陌生环境的

干扰）”和第四段中"Toaddressthis,UniversityofWashingtonresearcherstrackedsleepinreal-world

environments:threeArgentiniancommunities（urbansuburbs,ruralvillagewithlimitedelectricity,remotearea

withnoelectricity）and464Seattleuniversitystudents4为了解决这个问题，华盛顿大学的研究人员在真实环境

中追踪了人们的睡眠情况：三个阿根廷社区（城市郊区、电力供应有限的农村村庄、无电力供应的偏远地

区）以及464名西雅图大学的学生）”可知，之前的研究受试者很容易被陌生的实验室环境干扰，华盛顿大

学调整到真实环境是为了避免陌生环境对受试者的影响，故选Co

[11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据全文内容,结合第二段MFiguringoutthemoon'simpactonhumansleepischallenging,as

emotionsandexpectationsoftencloudjudgments.Manypeopleromanticizefullmoons,especiallyspecialevents

likeharvestorbluemoons,whileothersanticipaterestlessnessunderafullmoon,whichalonecandisruptsleep.

Scientificstudiessuggestrealphysiologicaleffectscausedbythemoon.（要弄清楚月亮对人类睡眠的影响并非易

事，因为情绪和期望常常会干扰判断。许多人会将满月视为浪漫的象征，尤其是在诸如丰收或蓝月这样的

特殊时刻；而另一些人则会预期在满月之下会感到不安，而这种不安本身就可能扰乱睡眠。科学研究表

明，月亮确实会对人的生理产生影响）”可知，全文围绕“满月是否会影响人类睡眠”展开，多项研究都证

实满月会减少人们的盹眠时间、降低盹眼质量，D选项“月亮悄悄偷走我们的盹眠”准确概括核心主题，

可作为标题。故选D。

D

Australia'stropicalforestshavebecometheworld'sfirsttoemit(排放)morecarbonintotheatmospherethan

theyaretakingin,asanewstudyreportinNature.Thisswitchisanalamibellfbrtheplanet'stropicalforests,

soundingasgloballeaderspreparefortheCOP30meetingintheAmazonrainforesttoaddressthecrisisofglobal

climatechange.

Thelong-termanalysisofAustralia'srainforestsfrom1971to2C119revealedthattheforests,woodybiomass

itshardbranchesandtrunks—hasbeenshrinkingsincearoundtheyear2(X)0.Risingtemperatures,droughtsand

tropicalcyclones(气旋)drivenbyhumanactivitieshavedramaticallyincreasedtreedeathrate,releasingstored

carbonbackintotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,theextraatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO2)didn'tboostplantgrowth

asclimatemodelspredicted,likelyduetolimitedavailabilityofnutrientsplantsneedlikephosphorusandotherbasic

ones—afactorthatmustbeconsideredinestimatingthefateofforests.

TheAmazonrainforest,whichspansanareanearlyaslargeasthecontinentalUnitedStatesandiscurrently

shoulderingaquarterofland-basedcarbondioxideannually,isalsoatrisk.Itsuffereditsworstdroughtin2024,with

deforestationreaching17percent.Scientistshavewarneditcouldfacewidespreaddiebackby2035underthe

pressureofclimatechange,deforestationandextremeweatherlikestorms.Othertropicalforestsfacesimilarthreats.

Africa'sCongoBasinforests,oncerelativelystable,haveshownincreasedtreedeathratesince2010.Southeast

Asia'sforestsareendangeredbythedevelopmentofurbanizationandagriculture.

AreportmadebytheU.N.EnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)notesthatabout291millionoftheworld's1.6

billionhectaresoftropicalforestarcdelicate,easilyerasedofffromthegreenblockforever.Protectingtheseforests

willrequireglobalfinancialinvestmentstotripleto$30()billionby2030,yetglobaleffortsfortheprotectionare

fallingshortoftheintendedcommitments.i4Tropicalforestsarehugecarbonreservoirsandwemustcherishtheforest

carbonstocksalreadybuiltupovercenturies,orevenmillennia."saystheprogrammemanagerWannesHubauinthe

report."Losingthemwouldbelikesettingoffacarbonbomb,worseningclimatechange.^^

12.WhathappenedtotheAustralia'stropica!forests?

A.Theywereexpandingrapidly.B.Theybecameacarbon-friendlyplace.

CTheirwoodybiomasswasonincrease.D.Theywereturningintocarbonemitters.

13.WhatmightlimitAustralia'sforestgrowthwithmoreCO2?

A.Long-termdataanalysis.B.Insufficientbasicnutrients.

C.Storageofcarbonintrunks.D.Climatemodelexpectations.

14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Tropicalforestswilldiebackby2035.

B.Farmingdestroysforestsintropicalregions.

C.Tropicalforestsfacegrowingglobalthreats.

D.Droughtscausemostrainforestlossworldwide.

15WhatcanwelearnfromtheUNEPreport?

A.Fewtropicalforestsareathighrisk.

B.Tropicalforestconservationlacksfunds.

C.Thedeathrateoftropicalforestsisdeclining.

D.Africa^forestshavethehighesttreedeathrate.

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B

【解析】

【导唔】本文是篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了澳大利亚热带森林成为全球首个碳净排放区，全球热带森林

面临气候危机，保护工作迫在眉睫。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Australia'stropicalforestshavebecometheworld'sfirsttoemit（排放）more

carbonintotheatmospherethantheyarctakingin,asanewstudyreportinNature.｛《自然》杂志发布的一项最新

研究报告显示，澳大利亚的热带森林已成为全球首个向大气中排放的碳超过其吸收量的生态系统。）”可知，

澳大利亚的热带森林成为全球首个碳排放量超过吸收量的地区，正在变成碳排放源。故选D。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段Surprisingly,theextraatmosphericcarbondioxide（CO2）didn'tboostplant

growthasclimatemodelspredicted,likelyduetolimitedavailabilityofnutrientsplantsneedlikephosphorusand

otherbasicones—afactorthatmustbeconsideredinestimatingthefateofforests.（令人意外的是，大气中额外的

二氧化碳并未如气候模型预测的那样促进植物生长，原因很可能是植物所需的磷等营养物质供应有限——

这一因素在评估森林的未来走向时必须予以考虑。）”可知，额外的二氧化碳未能促进植物生长，原因是植

物所需的磷等基础营养物质供应有限。故选B。

【14题详解」

主旨大意题。根据文章第三段"TheAmazonrainforest,whichspansanareanearlyaslargeasthecontinental

UnitedStatesandiscurrentlyshoulderingaquarterofland-basedcarbondioxideannually,isalsoatrisk.Itsuffered

itsworstdroughtin2024,withdeforestationreaching17percent.Scientistshavewarneditcouldfacewidespread

diebackby2035underthepressureofclimatechange,deforestationandextremeweatherlikestorms.（亚马逊雨林

的面积几乎与美国本土相当，目前每年承担着陆地四分之一的二氧化碳吸收量，如今也面临着风险。2024

年，该雨林遭遇了最严重的干旱，森林砍伐率达到17%。科学家警告称，在气候变化、森林砍伐以及风暴等

极端天气的压力下，到2035年，亚马逊雨林可能会出现大面积枯死。）”以及全段内容可知，第三段主要讲

述了亚马逊雨林、非洲刚果盆地森林、东南亚森林等全球热带森林均面临气候变化、砍伐、极端天气等不同

威胁。故选C。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段aProtectingtheseforestswillrequireglobalfinancialinvestmentstotripleto$300

billionby2030,yetglobaleffortsfortheprotectionarcfallingshortoftheintendedcommitments.（至ij2030年，保

护这些森林所需的全球资金投入需增至目前的三倍，达到30（）0Z美元，然而全球的保护行动并未达到预期

的承诺目标。）”可知，保护热带森林的资金投入存在巨大缺口，全球保护行动未达预期。故选B。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12・5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Inatimewhencelebrities,socialmediainfluencers,andfamouspersonalitiesseemliketheyarejustaclick

away,it'seasytounderstandhowemotionalbondswithpublicfigureshavebecomemorepersonalandcomplexthan

ever.16

Thetermwascoinedin1956whentelevisionsbecamewidelyavailable,andTVviewersbegantodevelopthe

senseoffalseclosenesswiththecharactersonthescreen.Theparasocialrelationshipsarcone-sidedrelationshipsin

whichapersondevelopsastrongsenseofconnectionorfamiliaritywithsomeonetheydon'tknow,mostoften

celebritiesormediapersonalities.17Theyexperienceabondthatlacksreciprocity（互惠）.

Thereisnofirmconclusionregardingwhypeopledevelopparasocialrelationships.18Whensomuch

ofourtimeisspentonlineorwatchingTVormovies,we'renaturallylikelytorecognizethefaceswerepeatedlysee

anddevelopwarmfeelingsforthem

Anotherpossiblecauseisloneliness.Someresearchsuggeststhatthelonelieranindividualfeels,themorelikely

theyarctoengageinparasocialrelationships,seekingaconnectioninsomeform,ifnotinreallife.19

Someresearchershavefoundthathighlysocialindividualswhoarcmorelikelytoformfriendshipsandrelationships

inreallifearealsomorelikelytoformparasocialrelationships.

Thereisalsothebelief（hatparasocialrelationshipscansimplybelessdemandingandmorefunthanreal-life

relationships.2（）Plusthesubjectsofparasocialrelationshipsaretypicallytalentedbeautiful,orfunny.

Originallybelievedtobeunhealthydueto(heirone-sidednature,theseparasocialrelationshipsaretypically

harmlessand,infact,quitecommon.

A.Otherresearchcontradictstheidea.

B.Theycontributetoreal-liferelationships.

C.Theseareknownasparasocialrelationships.

D.Parasocialrelationshipscancertainlyhavebenefits.

E.Butoneisthatthehumanbraindevelopedtobesocial.

ETheserelationshipsexistonlyinthemindoftheindividual.

G.Therearenoconflictsormaintenancethatneedtobeattendedto.

【答案】16.C17.F18.E19.A20.G

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了准社会关系的定义、成因及特点。

【16题详解】

上文“Inatimewhencelebrities,socialmediainfluencers,andfamouspersonalitiesseemliketheyarejustaclick

away,il'seasytounderstandhowemotionalbondswithpublicfigureshavebecomemorepersonalandcomplexthan

ever.（在名人、社交媒体博主和公众人物仿佛触手可及的时代，我们很容易理解，与公众人物之间的情感联

结变得比以往任何时候都更加私人化，也更加复杂。）”引出公众人物与普通人之间产生更个人化、更复杂

的情感联结这一现象；而下文开始解释该现象的定义和起源。选项C44Theseareknownasparasocial

relationships.（这些关系被称为准社会关系。）”起到承上启下的作用，用一个总括性定义引出下文要详细解

释的核心概念。故选C。

【17题详解】

上文“Theparasocialrelationshipsarconc-sidcdrelationshipsinwhichapersondevelopsastrongsenseof

connectionorfamiliaritywithsomeonetheydon'tknow,mostoftencelebritiesormediapersonalities.（准社会关系

是一种单方面的关系，即一个人会与自己不认识的人（通常是名人或媒体人物）产生强烈的联结感或熟悉

感。）”给出了准社会关系的定义；而下文“Theyexperienceabondthatlacksreciprocily（互惠）.（他们所体验至I」

的这种联结,缺乏相互性。）”进一步说明这种联结缺乏互惠性。选项F“Theserelationshipsexistonlyinthe

mindoftheindividual.（这种关系只存在于个体的头脑中。）”包括“单方面”“无互惠”的特点,是对定义

的补充说明，逻辑连贯。故选F。

【18题详解】

上文**Thereisnofirmconclusionregardingwhypeopledevelopparasocialrelationships.（关于人们为何会形成准

社会关系，目前尚无定论。）”提出人们为何会形成准社会关系尚无定论；而