托福（综合）模拟试卷25

托福（综合）模拟试卷25

一、语法结构（单选题）（本题共75题，每题7.0分，

共75分。）

1、Ihatethosebusybodieswholiketopokeintoothers'privateaffairs.Theyarealways

meddlingitothers'business.

A^pry

B>chat

C、push

D、gossip

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、Theloungeistoodarkforpeopletoreadthereevenindaytime.Itisnotwell

illuminated.

A、dim

dingy

C>gloomy

D、creepy

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、Wedidn'tappreciatethesellers*subUeschemestomakemoneyaltheexpenseofthe

customers.

A^delicate

B、profound

C、tricky

D^well-meant

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、IthoughtIjustmadeaperfectinnocuousremarkandhetookittoheartandflaredup!

A、casual

B、harmless

C^hurting

D、ridiculous

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Themediaallallegedthatthemayorwasguiltyofamassacrethathismalfeasance

resultedin.

A^reported

B、proved

C、claimed

D^refuted

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、AsanAmericansongwriter,singer,artistandwriter,BobDylanhasbeeninfluential

inpopularmusicandcultureformorethanfivedecades,andmanyofhissongs

chronicledsocialunrest.

A、indicated

B>recorded

C>mirrored

D、protested

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、ThegeneralmanagerdemandedthejobbeaccomplishedbeforetheNationalDay.

A、completed

B、halted

C、quitted

D、depleted

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、Thestudentswillbenotifiedregardingthedateoftheentranceexaminations.

A、instructed

introduced

C、involved

D、informed

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Peoplejudgethesedeviationsfromthenormaspositivebecausetheysuggestthatthe

individualispowerfulenoughtoriskthesocialcostsofsuchbehaviors.

A^transfers

B、preventions

C、departures

D、restrictions

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

10>Thestudyofthepropertiesofnumbers,Platotellsus,habituatesthemindtothe

contemDlationofpuretruth,andraisesitabovethematerialuniverse.

A、modification

B、meditation

C、maintenance

D、mediation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、Ifthebanker'sstatementagreeswithmybankbalance,itfollowsindisputablythat

thebalanceiscorrect.

A^indispensably

B、unquestionably

C、disreputably

D^consequently

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、Don'tletsuchinsignificantmattersasthesecomebetweenussothatwecan

concentrateonthemajorissues.

A、trivial

B、partial

C、modest

D、minimal

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、Theshop-assistantwasstraightwithhercustomers.Ifanarticlewasofpoorquality,

she'dtellthemso.

ANhumble

B、inferior

C^minor

D、awkward

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、Themanhadarathershadyoccupationandmadealotofmoneywithinashort

periodoftime.

A、profitable

comfortable

island.[G]Becausemajorhabitatdestructionseemstohaveoccurredaftermoa

populationsalreadyweredepleted,andbecausesomehabitatsthatcouldhavesheltered

moapopulationsremained,itwouldseemthatotherfactorswerealsoatworkinthe

extinctionofthesebirds.(5)|E]ForSouthIsland,humanpredationappearstohavebeen

asignificantfactorinthedepletionofthepopulationofmoa.AtoneexcavatedMaori

site,moaremainsfilledsixrailwaycars.ThedensityofMaorisettlementsandartifacts

increasedsubstantiallyatthetimeofthemostintensivemoahunting(900to600years

ago).ThisperiodwasfollowedbyatimeofdeclineintheMaoripopulationanda

societaltransitiontosmaller,lessnumeroussettlements.Theapparentdeclinefitsthe

patternexpectedasaconsequenceoftheMaori'soverexploitationofmoa.(6)[F]Finally,

theMaoriintroducedthePolynesianratandthedogtoNewZealand.Theactionsofthese

potentialnestpredatorscouldhavereducedmoapopulationswithoutleavingmuchdirect

evidence.TheMaorimayhavealsoinadvertentlybroughtpestsanddiseaseorganismsin

fowls,whichcouldhavecrossedovertoeradicatemoapopulations.[B]Thepossibilityof

analyzingancientDNAtoidentifypastdiseasesofextinctanimalsisbeingexplored.

However,evidenceofsuchdiseasesisdifficulttodeterminedirectlyfrom

palcoccologicalorarcheologicalremains.Forthesereasons,itishardtodeterminethe

likelihoodthatintroduceddiseaseorganismswereacauseofthedeclineofmoa,butthey

arepotentiallysignificant(7)Whilethelastofthesepossiblecausesremainsspeculative,

definecluesexistfortheactionofthefirsttwocauses.Thestoryofmoaspeciesandtheir

demiseraisesecologicalissuesonthevulnerabilityofspeciestohuman-caused

changes-includingalteredvegetativecoverofthelandscape,changeinthephysical

environment,andmodificationofthefloraandfaunaofaregionbyeliminatingsome

speciesandintroducingothers.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthe

passageisprovidedbelovz.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswer

choicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonot

belonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageor

areminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Moawerelarge,flightless

birdsofNewZealandthatbecameextinctseveralcenturiesago.——AnswerChoices(A)

BecauseNewZealandhadnolargemammals,moahadnomammalianpredatorsand

occupiedtheecologicalnichesthatelsewherewereoccupiedbylargemammalian

herbivores.(B)DNAanalysisofmoaremainsrevealedthattheextinctionofmoaspecies

occurredlessthanthreecenturiesago.(C)Scientistsclaimthatforestburningisthe

factormostresponsibleforthedisappearanceofmoa.(D)Initially,moahadahigh

reproductiverate,butovertimeitsignificantlydeclined,largelyduetochangesinNew

Zealand'sclimaticpattern.(E)Theextinctionofmoawasprimarilycausedbythe

huntinganddeforestationactivitiesoftheMaori,whoarrivedinNewZealandaboutone

thousandyearsago.(F)TheMaoriintroduceddogs,rats,andperhapsdiseaseorganisms,

whichmayhavecontriburedtotheextinctionofmoa,butevidenceisnotavailable.

标准答案：A,E,F

知识点解析：首先看选项的内容。A项”由于新西兰没有大型哺乳动物，因此，恐

鸟没有哺乳类捕食者，还占据了其他地方被大型哺乳类食草动物占据的生态位”，

根据关键词mammalianpredators可定位到第2段。该项对应第2段的第1句和倒数

第2句，选项内容没有与原文不符的情况，因此，可先保留。B项意为“对恐鸟遗

骸的DNA分析显示，恐鸟物种的灭绝发生在不到三个世纪前。”根据本项的关键

词DNA,可定位到全文唯一出现过DNA的第6段第4句，明显B项的内容与此

处原文没有任何相关性，为毫无根据的选项。C项“科学家们称燃烧森林是导致恐

鸟消失的最主要因素”，根据关键词forestburning可定位到第4段，从第3句及之

后的内容可知，燃烧森林并非恐鸟消失的主要原因，再者，原文也没有确切说法能

证明此项。D项“最初，恐鸟的繁殖率很高，但随着时间的推移，它们的繁殖率明

显下降了，这主要是由新西兰气候模式的变化造成的”，根据选项关键词

reproductiverate可定位到第2段最后一句，该句提到恐鸟繁殖率低，并没有提到其

有繁殖率高的情况，故该项错误。做题至此，我们已经把与原文内容不符的三个项

都排除了，所以暂时这道题选A、E、F三项。然后为了确认其正确性。可以把剩

下的两个项也看完。E项“恐鸟的灭绝主要是由1,000年前到达新西兰的毛利人的狩

猎和森林砍伐活动造成的“，狩猎和森林砍伐分别对应了第5段和第4段，均为恐

鸟灭绝的原因之一。F项“毛利人引进了狗、老鼠，也许还有携带病菌的生物，这

可能是导致恐鸟灭绝的原因，但是没有证据“，对应第6段的内容，也是本文的观

点之一，故本题确定选A、E、F三项。

17、ChoosetheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthe

passageabove.Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageaboveis

providedbelow.Althoughamphibiansarepoorthcrmoregulators,theydohavesome

controlovertheirbodytemperature.----AnswerChoices(A)Frogs,whichsurvive

temperaturerangesfromaslowas-2℃toashighas41℃.areevidencethatamphibians

areindependentofambienttemperature.(B)Amphibianscanincreasetheirbody

temperaturebyexposing:hcmsclvestothesun(hcliothcrmy)andbypressingagainstthe

ground(thigmothermy).(C)Avoidancebehaviors,suchasshelteringfromthesun,as

wellasestivationandhibernation,helpamphibianscontroltheirbodytemperature.(D)

Physicaladaptationsofferamphibiansanumberofwaystoprotectthemselvesagainst

extremeordangerousclimateconditions.(E)Sunriseisthelimewhensomeamphibian

specieshavethegreatestneedforthermoregulatorymechanisms.(F)Hibernationalways

involvesdiggingdeepholesinmudorsand,whereasestivationsometimesinvolves

nothingmorethanhidingindeeprockcrevasses.

标准答案：B,C.D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、EarlyWritingSystems(1)Scholarsagreethatwritingoriginatedsomewhereinthe

MiddleEast,probablyMesopotamia,aroundthefourthmillenniumB.C.E.Itisfromthe

greatlibrariesandword-hoardsoftheseancientlandsthatthefirsttextsemerged.They

werewrittenondampclaytabletswithawedged(orV-shaped)stick;sincetheLatin

wordforwedgeiscunea,thetextsarecalledcuneiform.Theclaytabletsusuallywerenot

fired;sundryingwasprobablyreckonedenoughtopreservethetextsforaslongasthey

werebeingused.Fortunately,however,manytabletssurvivedbecausetheywere

accidentallyfiredwhenthebuildingstheywerestoredingotburned.(2)Cuneiform

writinglastedforsome3,000years,inavastlineofsuccessionthatranthroughSumer,

Akkad,Assyria,Nineveh,andBabylon,andpreservedfbrusfifteenlanguagesinanarea

representedbymodern-dayIraq,Syria,andwesternIran.Theoldestcuneilormtexts

recordedthetransactionsoftaxcollectorsandmerchants,thereceiptsandbillsofsaleof

anurbansociety.Theyhadtodowiththingslikegrain,goats,andrealestate.Later,

Babylonianscribesrecordedthelawsandkeptotherkindsofrecords.Knowledge

conferredpower.Asaresult,thescribeswereassignedtheirowngoddess,Nisaba,later

replacedbythegodNabuofBorsippa,whosesymbolisneitherweaponnordragonbut

somethingfarmorefearsome,thecuneiformstick.(3)Cuneiformtextsonscience,

astronomy,medicine,andmathematicsabound,someofferingastoundinglyprecisedata.

OnetabletrecordsthespeedoftheMoonover248days;anotherdocumentsanearly

sightingofHalley'sComet,fromSeptember22toSeptember28,164B.C.E.More

esoterictextsattempttoexplainoldBabyloniancustoms,suchastheprocedureforcuring

someonewhoisill,whichincludedrubbingtarandgypsumonthesickperson'sdoorand

drawingadesignatthefootoftheperson'sbed.Whatisclearfromthevastbodyoftexts

(some20,000tabletswerefoundinKingAshurbanipafslibraryatNineveh)isthat

scribestookprideintheirwritingandknowledge.(4)Theforemostcuneitbrmtext,the

BabylonianEpicofGilgamesh,dealswithhumankind'sattemptstoconquertime.Init,

Gilgamesh,kingandwanior,iscrushedbythedeathofhisbestfriendandsoseisouton

adventuresthatprefiguremythicalheroesofancientGreeklegends,suchasHercules.His

goalisnotjusttosurvivehisordealsbuttomakesenseofthislife.Remarkably,versions

ofGilgameshspan1,500years,between2100B.C.Eand600B.C.E.,makingthestory

theepicofanentirecivilization.(5)TheancientEgyptiansinventedadifferentwayof

writingandanewsubstancetowriteon-papyrus,aprecursorofpaper,madefroma

wetlandplant.TheGreekshadaspecialnameforthiswriting:hieroglyphic,literally

"sacredwriting".This,theythought,waslanguagefitforthegods,whichexplainswhyit

wascarvedonwallsofpyramidsandotherreligiousstructures.Perhapshieroglyphicsare

Egypt'sgreatcontributiontothehistoryofwriting:hieroglyphicwriting,inusefrom

3100B.C.E.until394C.E.,resultedinthecreationoftextsthatwerefineartaswellas

communication.Egyptgaveusthetraditionofthescribenotjustaseducatedpersonbut

asartistandcalligrapher.(6)Scholarshavedetectedsome6,000separatehieroglyphic

charactersinuseoverthehistoryofEgyptianwriting,butitappearsthatnevermorethan

athousandwereinuseduringanyoneperiod.Itstillseemsalottorecall,butwhatwas

lostinefficiencywasmorethanmadeupforinthebeautyandrichnessofthetexts.

Writingwasmeanttoimpresstheeyewiththevastnessofcreatingitself.Eachsymbolor

glyph—thefloweringreed(pronouncedlikeV),theowl("m"),thequailchick("w"),

etcetera—wasatinyworkofart.Manuscriptswerecompiledwithaneyetotheoverall

design.Egyptologistshavenoticedthattheglyphsthatconstituteindividualwordswere

sometimesshuffledtomakethetextmorepleasingtotheeyewithlittleregardforsound

orsense.Selectfromthesevenphrasesbelowthe2phrasesthatcorrectlycharacterize

CuneiformWritingandthe3phrasesthatcorrectlycharacterizeHieroglyphicWriting.

Drageachphraseyouselectintotheappropriatecolumnofthetable.Twoofthephrases

willNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.

TYPESOFWRITINGSTATEMENTS

Select2

CuneiformWrhinu・

・

Select3

■

HieroglyphicWriting・

•

Statements(A)limitedtofinancialandbusinessuses(B)emphasisonthebeautyand

overalldesignofthetext(C)writtenonclaytabletswithastick(D)mostcharacters

redesigned1,500yearsaftertheywerecreated(E)uptoathousandcharactersused

duringagivenperiod(F)writtenonpapyrusandsometimescarvedintostone(G)used

forfifteenlanguagesoverawidearea

标准答案：-「

TYPESOFWRITINGSTATEMENTS

Select2

C'unelfonnWriting•wrilleti<NI<>laylableUwithaslick

•usedforfifteenlanxiiagrMoveraarea

Select3

•emphasisontheIteautyand<npmllthelexl

Hien视phk，Writing

•uptoathousanddiarwteniusedttunn区agiven|»enod

•wriltrnon1mpynisaixlsonwHimcscarvedintostuiw,

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、Mineralsreleasedbydecayarequicklyabsorbedbymultitudinousshallow,finetree

feederrootsandstoredinplanttissues.Theword"multitudinous"inthepassageis

closestinmeaningto.

A、agreatmany

B、rapidlyincreasing

C、finelydivided

D^extremelystrong

标准答案：A

知识点解析：如果考生熟知词缀muki.有“很多，大量”的意味，则可推测出

multitudinous应有“大量，众多”之意。题目中的agreatmany"大量、很多“与此同

义,故选A项。

20、Innineteenth-centuryAmerica,practicallyeverythingthatwasbuiltinvolvedwood.

Pinewasespeciallyattractiveforbuildingpurposes.Itisdurableandstrong,yetsoft

enoughtobeeasilyworkedwitheventhesimplestofhandtools.Italsofloatsnicelyon

water,whichallowedittobetransportedtodistantmarketsacrossthenation.Thecentral

andnorthernreachesoftheGreatLakesstates-Michigan,Wisconsin,andMinnesota一

allcontainedextensivepineforestsaswellasmanylargeriversforfloatinglogsintothe

GreatLakes,fromwheretheyweretransportednationvzidc.Accordingtoparagraph,all

ofthefollowingcharacteristicsofpinemadeitadesirablematerialforbuildingin

nineteenth-centuryAmericaEXCEPT.

A、Itwaslong-lasting.

B、Itwasrelativelyeasytotransport.

C、Itssoftnessmadeiteasytoworkwith.

D、Itproducedbuildingsthatwereespeciallyattractive.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：原文中的sofl和C项的softness为一组同根词，softness是soft的名

词形式；原文的easily和C项的easy也是一组同根词，easily是easy的副词形式。

此外，选项在句型上也做了调整。因此，C项在原文有对应，不符合题意。A项的

long-lasling为原文durable的同义词，在原文也有对应，不符合题意。B项对应原

文的whichallowedittobetransportedtodistantmarketsacrossthenation,为句型上

的同义替换，也不符合题意。A、B、C三项在文中均有对应，都不符合题意，故

本题选D项。

21、Thecreationofliferequiresasetofchemicalelementsformakingthecomponents

ofcells.LifeEarthusesabout25of〔he92naiuraHyoccurringchemicalelemenis,

althoughjust4oftheseelementoxygen,carbon,hydrogen,andnitrogen-makeupabout

96percentofthemassoflivingorganisThus,afirstrequirementforlifemightbethe

presenceofmostoralloftheelementsusedbylife.Thephrase"theseelements"refersto

A^25ofthe92naturallyoccurringchemicalelements

B、the92naturallyoccurringchemicalelements

C^themassoflivingorganisms

D、oxygen,carbon,hydrogen,andnitrogen

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上文第2句中状语从句出现了iheseelements,其所指应往前找。前

面提到地球上的生命仅用到了25ofthe92naturallyoccurringchemicalelements,而

although引导的从句进一步指出，在这需要用到的25种元素中，仅4种便可组成

地球上96%的生命。因此，theseelements应指代上文的25ofthe92naturally

occurringchemicalelements有干扰性的是B项，但从第3句中的mostorallofthe

elementsusedbylife也可确认，这里指的是地球上的生命需要用到的25种元素，

而不是92种元素，故A项更贴切。

22、Onviewingthelushplantgrowthofatropicalrainforest,mostpeoplewould

concludethatihesoilbeneathitisrichinnutrients.However,althoughrainforestsoils

arehighlyvariable,theyhaveincommonthefactthatabundantrainfallwashesmineral

nutrientsoutofthemandintostreams.Thisprocessisknownasleaching.Becauseof

rainleaching,mosttropicalrainforestsoilshavelowtoverylowmineralnutrient

content,indramaticcontrasttomineral-richgrasslandsoils.Tropicalforestsoilsalso

oftencontainparticulartypesofclaythat,unlikethemineral-bindingclayoftemperate

forestsoils,donotbindmineralionswell.Aluminumisthedominantcation(positively

chargedion)presentintropicalsoils;butplantsdonotrequirethiselement,anditis

moderatelytoxictoawiderangeofplants.Aluminumalsoreducestheavailabilityof

phosphorus,anelementinhighdemandbyplants.

AsThewaterinthestreamsflowingthroughtropicalrainforestsgenerallyhasrelatively

lowmineralcontent.

B、Therangeofplantsthatgrowintropicalrainforestsissowidethatalmosteverykind

ofmineralinthesoilgetsusedup.

C^Theclaycontainedintropicalrainforestsoilsdonotbindmineralionswell.

D^Abundantrainfallcausesmineralstoleachoutofthesoil.

标准答案：C,D

知识点解析：本题问的是为什么大多数热带雨林土壤的矿物质养分含量相对较低，

要求选出两个答案。第1句提出了一个谬误，即人们普遍认为热带雨林土壤富含营

养。而第2句则用However来引出这种说法错误的第一个原因：abundantrainfall

washesmineralnutrientsoutofthemandintostreams“充足的降雨导致矿物质养分从

土壤中渗出并流入河流”。其中，washesmineralnutrientsoutofthem对应D项的

causesmineralstoleachoutofthesoil。第3、4句解释何为leaching及其对土壤的作

用，是对第2句的补充。第5句给出了热带雨林土壤矿物质养分含量相对较低的另

—4、原因：Tropicalforestsoilsalsooftencontainparticulartypesofclaythat...donot

bindmineralionswell"热带森林土壤也通常含有箱定类型的黏土，这些黏土不能很

好地结合矿物离子”，C项基本复现了原句原词。因此，本题答案为C、D两项。

23、InthestomachcontentsofspecimensofCoclophysis(asmall,long-ncckcd

dinosaur)arebonesfromjuvenileanimalsofthesamespecies.Atonetime,thesewere

thoughttorepresentembryonicanimals,suggestingthatthissmalldinosaurgavebirthto

liveyoungratherthanlayingeggs.Furtherresearchindicatedthatthejuveniledinosaurs

weretoolargeandtoowell-developedtobeprehatchedyoung.Inaddition,thejuveniles

insidethebodycavitywereofdifferentsizes.AHtheevidencepointstotheconclusion

thatthesearetheremainsofpreyitemsandthat,asanadult,Coelophysiswasatleastin

partacannibal.Accordingtoparagraph5,allofthefollowingsupporttheclaimthatthe

adultCoelophysissometimesateyoungCoelophysisEXCEPT.

A、Juvenilesfoundinthebodycavitiesofadultsweretooadvancedintheir

developmenttobeembryos.

B、Juvenilesofdifferentsizeswerefoundinthebodycavityofthesameadult.

C、Juvenilesfoundinthebodycavitiesofadultsweretoolargetobeembryos.

D^Juvenilesfoundinthebodycavitiesofadultswereinunhatchedeggs.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：题目问哪顼不是成体腔骨龙(Coelophysis)有时会吃幼体腔骨龙的证

据。首先看选项，找出选项的关键信息。由于四项的土语都是Juveniles,因此，选

项最主要抓的是这些幼龙有所区别的特征。A项的关键信息为tooadvanced...tobe

embryos”过于发达，不可能还是胚胎状态”；B项的关键信息为differentsizeswere

foundmthesameadult”在同一成体腔骨龙体内发现了不同体型的幼龙”；C项的关

键信息为t。。largetobeembryos"体型过大，不可能仍为胚胎状态D项的关键信

息为inunhatchedeggs”仍未被孵化出来”。了解到选项的关键信息后，带着这些信

息来读这一段。第1、2句给出了背景信息：人们在成体腔骨龙的体内发现了幼体

腔骨龙的骨头，因此，腔骨龙一度被认为是通过胎生而不是卵生来繁衍的，然后第

3、4句提出证据，证明为什么说成体腔骨龙有时会吃幼体腔骨龙，而第5句得出

结论。第3句中的toolargeandtoowell-developed分别对应C项和A项：第4句中

的wereOfdifferent,sizes对应B项。因此，A、B、C三项均符合原文说法，D项

的信息在文中没有被提及，答案为D项。

24、ThecityofMemphis,locatedontheNilenearthemoderncityofCairo,was

foundedaround3100B.C.asthefirstcapitalofarecentlyunitedEgypt.Thechoiceof

MemphisbyEgypt'sfirstkingsreflectsthesite'sstrategicimportance.First,andmost

obvious,theapexoftheNileRiverdeltawasapoliticallyopportunelocationforthe

state'sadministrativecenter,standingbetweentheunitedlandsofUpperandLower

Egyptandofferingreadyaccesstobothpartsofthecountry.Theolderpredynastic(pre-

3100B.C.)centersofpower,ThisandHierakonpolis,weretooremotefromthevast

expanseofthedelta,whichhadbeenincorporatedintotheunifiedstate.Onlyacity

withineasyreachofboththeNilevalleytothesouthandthemorespreadout,difficult

terraintothenorthcouldprovidethenecessarypoliticalcontrolthattherulersofearly

dynasticEgypt(roughly3000—2600B.C.)required.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph1

thatoneconsequenceoftheunificationofEgyptwas.

A、thereductionofthestrategicimportanceofoldercentersofpower

B、theopportunityfortherecentlyunitedEgypttobecomeeconomicallyself-sufficient

C、theincreaseinpoliticaltensionsbetweentherulersofUpperandLowerEgypt

D、thereductionofEgypt*sdependenceupontheNilefortradeandcommunications

标准答案：A~

知识点解析：本题需要考生从文段中推断埃及统一带来的后果。文段的第1句指

出，埃及统一后定都孟斐斯。第2句指定都该地的原因：strategicimportance"战略

重要性”；卜一句是对“战略重要性”的进一步解释：wasapoliticallyopportune

location”利于政治的位置”，然后，该段的最后两句指出不再选择更早前的政治中

心(Theolderpredynasticcentersofpower)作为都城的原因；tooremote‘‘过于偏远''本

段的结构非常清晰，孟斐斯被选为都城是因为其地理位置适合，具有战略重要性，

而相对而言，以往的都城位置较为偏远，战略重要性下降。因此，埃及统一的一个

后果就是A项所说的早期的政治中心的战略地位下降。

25、Thousandsofyearsago,inNorthAmerica'spast,allofitsmegafauna—large

mammalssuchasmammothsandgiantbears-disappeared.Oneproposedexplanation

forthiseventisthatwhenthefirstAmericansmigratedoverfromAsia,theyhuntedthe

megafaunatoextinction.Thesepeople,knownastheClovissocietyafterasitewhere

theirdistinctivespearpointswerefirstfound,wouldhavebeenabletousethisfood

sourcetoexpandtheirpopulationandfillthecontinentrapidly.Yetmanyscientistsargue

againstthis"Pleistoceneoverkill"hypothesis.Modernhumanshavecertainlybeen

capableofsuchdrasticeffectsonanimals,butcouldancientpeoplewithlittlemorethan

stonespearssimilarlyhavecausedtheextinctionofnumerousspeciesofanimals?Thirty-

fivegeneraorgroupsofspecies(andmanyindividualspecies)sufferedextinctionin

NorthAmericaaround11,000B.C.,soonaftertheappearanceandexpansionofPaleo­

IndiansthroughouttheAmericas(27generadisappearedcompletely,andanother8

becamelocallyextinct,survivingonlyoutsideNorthAmerica).Whydoestheauthor

compare"Modernhumans"with"ancientpeople"?

A、Toarguethatmodernpeoplehavecontinuedtohavedrasticeffectsonanimalspecies

B、Toillustratehowpeoplefromdifterenthistoricaltimestreatedanimalsdifterently

C>Toquestiontheideathatancientpeoplecouldhavehuntedthemegafaunato

extinction

D、Toemphasizethatmodernpeoplearemoresuccessfulhuntersthanancientpeople

were

标准答案：c

知识点露析：本题问的是为什么作者要将现代人和古代人相比较?首先，根据题干

关键词：compareModemhumans和ancientpeople,可定位到本段提到的将现代

人和古代人进行比较的关键句：Modemhumanshavecertainlybeencapableofsuch

drasticeffectsonanimals,butcouldancientpeoplewithlittlemorethanstonespears

similarlyhavecausedtheextinctionofnumerousspeciesofanimals?"现代人对动物确

实可以造成如此大的影响，但古代人仅有石茅，他们是否同样也能导致无数种动物

灭绝呢?”这句话无疑是对之前几个句子所提出的Pleistoceneoverkill理论(从亚洲来

到美洲的克洛维斯人捕杀像猛犯这样的巨型动物，并将其灭绝)的质疑，故选C

项。

26、Studiesofmeteoritesandcometssuggestthatorganicmoleculesarewidespread

amongbothasteroidsandcomets.Becauseeachbodyinthesolarsystemwasrepeatedly

struckbyasteroidsandcometsduringtheperiodknownastheheavybombardment

(about4billionyearsago),eachbodyshouldhavereceivedatleastsomeorganic

molecules.However,thesemoleculestendtobedestroyedbysolarradiationonsurfaces

unprotectedbyatmospheres.Moreover,whilethesemoleculesmightstayinlactbeneath

thesurface(astheyevidentlydoonasteroidsandcomets),theyprobablycannotreact

witheachotherunlesssomekindofliquidorgasisavailabletomovethemabout.Thus,

ifwelimitoursearchtoworldsonwhichorganicmoleculesarelikelytobeinvolvedin

chemicalreactions,wecanprobablyruleoutanyworldthatlacksbothanatmosphere

andasurfaceorsubsurfaceliquidmedium,suchaswater.Theword"intact"inthe

passageisclosestinmeaningto.

A、buried

whole

C、confined

D、active

标准答案：B

知识点解析：imact的本意为“完好无损的”，B项意为“完整的”，为其近义词。如

果不知道intac1的含义，还可以通过上下文推断出来。这个单词位于该段的第4

句，说的是这些有机分子在大气层下的状况。其前一句为关键解题句，该句提到，

在没有大气层保护的情况下，这些有机分子会被太阳辐射摧毁。因此，可推测slay

intact在此处应该是与bsdestroyed相反的一个状况，B项最符合该处语境。

27>NothingdividedthemedievalworldinEuropemoredecisivelyfromtheEarly

Modernperiodthanprintingwithmovabletype.ItwasaGermaninventionandthe

culminationofacomple