2026年6月江苏省南京市高淳外国语学校九年级英语三摸试题（含答案）

年南京市高淳外国语学校九年级第三次模拟考试英语试题2026.6注意事项：1.本试卷共10页，全卷满分90分，考试时间为90分钟。2.选择题答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡指定位置。选择题（共40分）一、微完形填空（共3篇短文；每篇5小题，每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AInthefarnorthofNorway,thephenomenonofthe“MidnightSun”transformsdailylife.Fornearlytwomonths,thesunneversets,castingagoldenglowoverthefjordsat1AM.Thiscontinuousdaylightisbothablessingandachallenge.Touristsflocktowitnessthesurrealscenery,butlocalsstrugglewithsleep_1_.Thebody’sinternalclock,orcircadianrhythm,reliesondarknesstoproducemelatonin,ahormonethatregulatesrest.Withoutnight,manyresidentsreportchronicfatigueanddifficultyconcentrating.Tocope,theyinstallblackoutcurtainsandfollowstrictroutines.Interestingly,somestudiessuggestthathumanscanadapt_2_toextremelightconditionsifgivenenoughtime.However,thepsychologicaleffectofperpetualdaylightshouldnotbeunderestimated.“It’slikeyourbrainneverreceivesthesignaltoshutdown,”saysDr.Eriksen,asleepspecialistinTromsø.“_3_youareexhausted,youmaystillfinditimpossibletofallasleep.”Forvisitors,theexperienceisoftenmagicalbutshort-lived.Locals,_4_,havedevelopedalove-haterelationshipwiththeMidnightSun.Theycherishthevibrantsummerenergybutlongforthereturnofdark,starrynights.ThisdelicatebalancebetweenwonderandwearinessmakestheArcticatrulyuniqueplace._5_theend,humanbeingsareremarkablyflexible,yetthepowerofnaturalcyclesremainsundeniable.1.A.patternsB.disordersC.stagesD.depths2.A.graduallyB.violentlyC.randomlyD.deliberately3.A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.NowthatD.Incase4.A.inadditionB.bycontrastC.onthecontraryD.forinstance5.A.AtB.ByC.InD.OnBTheartofpaperquilling,whichinvolvesrollingandshapingthinstripsofpaperintointricatedesigns,datesbacktotheRenaissance.Backthen,Europeannunsandmonkswouldusegildedpaperscrapstodecoratereligiousobjects,creatingdelicateimitationsofgoldfiligree.Overcenturies,thiscraftnearlydisappeared,onlytoexperiencearevivalinthe21stcenturyasaformofmindfulcreativity.Unlikedigitalart,quillingrequirespatienceanda_6_touch;asingleslipofthetweezerscanruinhoursofwork.Formanypractitioners,therepetitivemotionsofcoilingandgluingserveasameditation,loweringcortisollevelsandenhancingfocus.“It’snotaboutproducingamasterpiece,”explainsEmmaChen,aquillingartistbasedinShanghai.“_7_processitselfbringsasenseofordertoachaoticmind.”Socialmediahasfueleditspopularity,withshortvideosdemonstratinghowflatstripscanbe_8_intothree-dimensionalflowers,animals,andabstractpatterns.Yetpuristsarguethattruequillingcannotberushed;itdemandsunhurriedabsorption.Sometherapistsnowrecommendquillingtopatientsrecoveringfromanxietydisorders,asthetactilefeedbackandvisibleprogressbuildconfidence.“_9_othercraftsthatrequireexpensivetools,quillingneedsonlypaper,glue,andasteadyhand,”Chenadds.The_10_ofthisancientartliespreciselyinitssimplicity—areminderthatbeautyoftenarisesfromhumblebeginnings.6.A.roughB.steadyC.looseD.casual7.A.OneB.ThatC.TheD.Such8.A.transferredB.transformedC.transportedD.transplanted9.A.UnlikeB.LikeC.BesidesD.Despite10.A.gloryB.originC.charmD.mysteryCMossesareoftenoverlookedintheplantkingdom,yettheypossessextraordinaryresilience.Thesetiny,non-vascularplantscansurviveextremedehydration,losingupto95%oftheirwatercontentandremainingdormantfordecades.Whenrainfinallyarrives,theyspringbacktolifewithinhours,resumingphotosynthesisasifnothinghappened.Scientistshavelongbeenfascinatedbythisability,whichisgovernedbyasetofuniquegenesthatcodefor“desiccationtolerance.”Unlikefloweringplants,whichuserootstodrawwater,mossesabsorbmoisturedirectlythroughtheirleaves.Thismakesthemhighlysensitivetoairquality,_11_excellentbioindicatorsforpollutionmonitoring.IncitieslikeTokyoandLondon,researchershavemappedmossdistributiontoidentifyclean-airzones.Moreover,mossesplayacriticalroleincarbonsequestration,storingcarboninthickpeatlayersthatcanremain_12_formillennia.However,climatechangethreatenstheseancientecosystems.Risingtemperaturesandprolongeddroughtspushmanymossspeciesbeyondtheirrecoverylimits.“Wearelosingbiodiversitythattookmillionsofyearstoevolve,”warnsDr.Patel,abryologist.“Whatwedon’trealizeisthatthe_13_ofasinglemossspeciescoulddisruptentirewatercyclesinuplandareas.”Conservationeffortsarenowfocusingoncreating“mossbanks”—frozenrepositoriesofsporesandtissues._14_thefactthattheylackthevisualappealoforchidsorbirdsofparadise,mossesdeserveourattention.Theirsurvivalstrategiesmightonedayinspirenewtechnologiesforwaterconservationandspaceagriculture.Inaworldofrapidchange,thesehumbleplantsremindusthat_15_doesnotalwaysmeanweakness.11.A.makingB.becomingC.turningD.serving12.A.untouchedB.uncoveredC.unfoldedD.unbroken13.A.lossB.lackC.leakD.lock14.A.ApartfromB.RegardlessofC.DespiteD.Thanksto15.A.modestyB.smallnessC.stillnessD.softness二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ItwasastormynightinNovemberwhenIfirstmet“OldJack”atthehomelessshelter.Hesatinthecorner,silentlyreadingaworn-outcopyofMobyDick.Unlikeotherswhooftencomplainedorslept,Jackcarriedhimselfwithaquietdignity.Iwasavolunteerthen,youngandidealistic,believingthatawarmmealandabedcouldsolveeverything.Jacktaughtmeotherwise.Oneevening,hepointedtoasentenceinthebook:“Itisnotdowninanymap;trueplacesneverare.”Hesaid,“That’swhereI’vebeenlivingmywholelife—inplacesnomapshows.”Ididn’tunderstandthen.Overweeks,IlearnedthatJackhadbeenaliteratureprofessoratasmallcollegeuntilafamilytragedy_16_himintodepressionandeventuallyontothestreets.Heneverbegged;heneveraskedforsympathy.Whathe_17_wasnotmoneyorfood,butsomeonetolistentohisinterpretationsofMelvilleorWhitman.Thesheltermanagerthoughthewascrazy.IthoughthewasthesanestpersonIknew.Oneday,thecityannouncedaplantoteardowntheshelterforaluxuryapartmentcomplex.Theresidentswere_18_—wherewouldtheygo?Jacksurprisedeveryone.Hewrotealettertothecitycouncil,quotingfromlegaltextsandhistoricalpreservationacts,arguingthatthebuildingitselfhadbeenahavenforacentury.Hiswordswereso_19_andwell-structuredthatthecouncildelayedthedemolition.Alocalnewspaperpickedupthestory.Peopledonatedfunds,andtheshelterwassaved.Whenaskedhowheknewallthat,Jacksimplysmiledandsaid,“Iusedtoteachrhetoric._20_youknowhowtouselanguage,youcanfightanything.”Forthefirsttime,IsawtheotherresidentslookatJackwithrespect,notpity.Hebecameanunofficialleader,organizingreadingcirclesandeventeachingbasicliteracytothosewhowantedtolearn.Henevertriedtoleavetheshelter,evenwhenoffersofhousingcame.“I’vefoundmy‘trueplace’,”hetoldme.“It’snotaboutfourwalls.It’saboutbeing_21_tosomeonewhoneedsastory.”Monthslater,Ifinishedmyvolunteertermandmovedaway.Lastyear,IheardthatJackhadpassedawaypeacefullyinhissleep.Theshelternameditslibraryafterhim.WheneverIfeellostor_22_,IrecallJack’sweatheredfaceandthefireinhiseyeswhenhespokeofIshmael’sjourney.Hetaughtmethateverypersoncarriesauniverseinsidethem,oftenhiddenbeneathlayersofhardship.Wearesoquickto_23_basedonappearances,yetsoslowtolisten.Jackneverwantedtobesaved;hewantedtobeseen.Andinseeinghim,Ilearnedthatcompassionisnotaboutfixingothersbutabout_24_theirrealitywithoutjudgment.Thatnight,IhadthoughtIwasgivinghimameal.Intruth,hewasfeedingmysoul.Somegiftsarenever_25_onanyreceipt.16.A.forcedB.trickedC.plungedD.invited17.A.deservedB.lackedC.offeredD.craved18.A.relievedB.panicC.delightedD.indifferent19.A.abstractB.childishC.persuasiveD.vague20.A.UnlessB.WhileC.OnceD.Although21.A.usefulB.familiarC.loyalD.close22.A.discouragedB.thrilledC.ashamedD.guilty23.A.helpB.judgeC.ignoreD.admire24.A.questioningB.changingC.witnessingD.escaping25.A.recordedB.valuedC.expectedD.demanded三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIn2024,ateamofmarinebiologistsfromtheUniversityofAucklandmadeastartlingdiscovery:populationsofthe“brittlestar”(arelativeofstarfish)intheSouthernOceanhavedevelopedageneticadaptationtorapidlywarmingwaters.Thisechinoderm,whichusuallytakesdecadestoevolvenewtraits,showeddetectablechangeswithinjust15years—aphenomenonscientistscall“evolutionaryrescue.”Thekeywasasetofgenescontrollingheat-shockproteins,whichrepaircellulardamagecausedbytemperaturestress.Normally,thesegenesactivateonlyunderextremeheat.Intheadaptedbrittlestars,theyremainpermanentlyswitchedon,atalowlevel,actingasaconstantcellulardefense.Dr.MarianaCosta,leadauthorofthestudypublishedinNatureClimateChange,explains:“Thisisbothhopefulandalarming.Hopefulbecauseitshowsthatevolutioncanhappenfasterthanwethought.Alarmingbecausethefactthattheseanimalsneededtoadaptsoquicklyindicateshowseveretheenvironmentalpressurehasbecome.”TheresearchteamcomparedDNAsamplesfrom2008and2023.Theyfoundthataspecificallele(variantofagene)increasedfrom12%to78%inthepopulation.Thisalleleallowsthebrittlestartomaintainnormalmetabolismevenwhenwatertemperaturesriseby3°Cabovethehistoricalaverage.However,Costawarnsthatnotallspecieswillbesolucky.Brittlestarshavelargepopulationsizesandshortgenerationtimes(abouttwoyears),whichacceleratesnaturalselection.Long-livedanimalslikewhalesorsharks,andspecieswithsmallpopulations,lackthisadvantage.Moreover,thebrittlestar’sadaptationcomesatacost:individualswiththe“always-on”heat-shockgenesconsume20%moreenergy,makingthemlessresilienttofoodshortages.“Evolutionisatrade-off,”Costasays.“Wecannotrelyonnaturetosolveourproblemsforus.”Thestudyhassparkeddebateamongconservationists.Somearguethatitjustifiesa“waitandsee”approachtoclimatepolicy,suggestingthatecosystemsmayadaptontheirown.Othersinsistthatthebrittlestarisanexception,nottherule,andthathumanitymustslashemissionsimmediately.AsCostaputsit,“Wejustdocumentedamiracleofevolution.Butmiraclesarerare.Weshouldnotexpectanotherone.”26.WhatisthemainfindingofthestudyledbyDr.MarianaCosta?A.Brittlestarshavebecomeextinctduetorapidwarming.B.Abrittlestarpopulationevolvedheatresistancein15years.C.Heat-shockproteinsareuselessfordeep-seacreatures.D.Climatechangehasnoeffectonechinoderms.27.WhydoesDr.Costadescribetheadaptationas“bothhopefulandalarming”?A.Becausethechangeispermanentbutcostly.B.Becauseevolutioncanbefast,buttheneedforitisdire.C.Becausebrittlestarsarereplacingotherspecies.D.Becausethestudywasbasedonfaultydata.28.Whichspecieswouldmostlikelystruggletoevolvesimilarly?A.Fruitflieswith10generationsperyear.B.Bacteriawithrapidreproductionrates.C.Bluewhaleswithslowreproduction.D.Weedswithlargeseedproduction.29.Whatisonenegativeconsequenceofthebrittlestar’sadaptation?A.Theybecomeunabletoreproduce.B.Theyrequiremoreoxygenthanbefore.C.Theyusemoreenergy,riskingstarvation.D.Theirgenesbecomepermanentlydamaged.BTheterm“second-handembarrassment”(orvicariousembarrassment)describestheuncomfortablefeelingwegetwhenwatchingsomeoneelsetriponstage,forgettheirlines,orcommitasocialfauxpas.Neurologically,thisresponseisrootedinmirrorneurons—braincellsthatfirebothwhenweperformanactionandwhenweobservesomeoneelseperformingthesameaction.Inotherwords,ourbrainssimulatetheotherperson’sexperience,includingtheiremotionalpain.A2018studyfromUniversityCollegeLondonusedfMRIscanstoshowthatobservingaclumsyactactivatesthesameanteriorcingulatecortexregionthatprocessesone’sownphysicalpain.Thisiswhywemayliterally“cringe”—ourmusclestenseasifweourselvesarefalling.Butwhywouldevolutionpreservesuchanunpleasantresponse?Evolutionarypsychologistsarguethatvicariousembarrassmentservesasasociallearningtool.Byfeelingthestingofanother’smistake,weinternalizethelessonwithoutsufferingtheactualconsequences.Achildwhowatchesapeergetscoldedforstealingcookieslearnsnottosteal,evenwithoutdirectpunishment.Thismechanismstrengthensgroupcohesion:individualswhoshowsignsofvicariousembarrassmentareperceivedasmoreempatheticandtrustworthy,increasingtheirchancesofbeingincludedincooperativenetworks.However,culturaldifferencesshapetheintensityandtriggersofsecond-handembarrassment.In“honor-shame”cultures(e.g.,Japan,MiddleEasterncountries),peopleexperiencestrongervicariousembarrassmentforviolationsofsocialhierarchyorpublicdecorum.Incontrast,“guilt-based”cultures(e.g.,UnitedStates,WesternEurope)focusmoreonindividualachievements,socringereactionsarestrongestwhensomeoneappearsincompetentratherthanimpolite.PsychologistDr.YumiTanakafromKyotoUniversitynotes:“WhenaJapanesebusinessmanbowstothewrongperson,bystandersfeelnearlyasmuchshameasthebowee.AnAmericanobservermightjustchuckleandsay‘awkward’.”Recentresearchhasexploredwhetherwecanreducesecond-handembarrassment.Practicingmindfulness—observingwithoutjudging—canloweritsintensity.Also,remindingourselvesthattheembarrassedpersonwilllikelysurvivetheincidenthelps.Interestingly,peoplewithdamagetotheprefrontalcortex,whichregulatesemotionalself-control,reportalmostnovicariousembarrassment,suggestingthatawell-functioningbrainisbothagiftandacurse.30.Whatisthefunctionofmirrorneuronsinvicariousembarrassment?A.Theypreventusfromfeelingothers’pain.B.Theysimulatetheobservedperson’semotionalstate.C.Theyonlyactivateduringphysicalexercise.D.Theyhelpusforgetembarrassingmoments.31.Accordingtoevolutionarypsychologists,whydoesvicariousembarrassmentexist?A.Topunishpeoplewhomakemistakes.B.Tohelpuslearnsociallywithoutpersonalrisk.C.Tomakeusavoidwatchingclumsypeople.D.Toincreasecompetitionwithingroups.32.Inhonor-shamecultures,peoplefeelstrongestvicariousembarrassmentwhen:A.Someoneperformspoorlyonatest.B.Someonelosesasportsmatch.C.Someonebreaksasocialrulepublicly.D.Someoneforgetsabirthday.33.Whatcanreducethefeelingofsecond-handembarrassment?A.Focusingintentlyontheawkwardmoment.B.Tellingyourselfthepersonwillbefine.C.Damagingyourprefrontalcortex.D.Blamingthevictimfortheirmistake.CIn2023,theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sJupiterIcyMoonsExplorer(JUICE)capturedhigh-resolutionimagesofGanymede’ssurface,revealingacomplexnetworkofridgesandtroughsthatresembleEarth’splatetectonics—butmadeofice.Ganymede,thelargestmooninoursolarsystem,iscoveredbyathickcrustofwaterice.Underneath,scientistsbelievethereisasaltwateroceankeptliquidbytidalforcesfromJupiter.Thenewlydiscoveredice-tectonicfeaturessuggestthatthisicyshellismoving,sinking,andrecycling,justlikeEarth’slithosphere.Thisprocess,called“coldtectonics,”couldhaveprofoundimplicationsforthesearchforextraterrestriallife.OnEarth,platetectonicsdrivesthecarboncycle,regulatesglobaltemperaturesovermillionsofyears,andstirsupnutrientsessentialforlife.IfGanymedehassimilarmovements—albeitinice—itssubsurfaceoceanmightreceiveasteadysupplyofchemicalenergyandnutrientsfromtheicycrustabove.“Whereverwefindmovingplatesandfluidinteraction,weincreasethechanceoffindingcomplexchemistry,”saysDr.LenaSchwarz,aplanetarygeologistattheGermanAerospaceCenter.“Ganymedejustbecameatopcandidateforhabitability.”ThediscoverywasmadepossiblebycomparingJUICEdatawithmodelsofglacialmotiononEarth.OnGanymede,temperaturesaresolow(-160°C)thaticebehaveslikerock—brittleandcapableoffaulting.Theimagesshowlineargrooveshundredsofkilometerslong,withparallelridgesthatshifthorizontally,exactlylikestrike-slipfaultsonEarth(e.g.,theSanAndreasFault).ThisindicatesthatGanymede’siceshellisnotafrozen,deadlidbutadynamicsystem.ComputersimulationssuggestthatthetidalflexingcausedbyJupiter’sgravitygeneratesenoughstresstocracktheiceanddriveslow,creepingmotion.However,theenergysourceforGanymede’stectonicsremainsdebated.UnlikeEarth,whichhasradioactivedecayinitsmantle,Ganymede’sheatcomesalmostentirelyfromtidalfriction.Someresearchersarguethattheobservedfeaturescouldberelicsofapast,moreactiveperiod,andthatcurrentmotionisminimal.Thenextstepistomeasureseismicactivityusingafuturelandermission.“Ifwedetectice-quakes,thatwouldbethesmokinggun,”Schwarzadds.34.WhatmakesGanymededifferentfrommanyothericymoons?A.Ithasliquidwateronitssurface.B.Itsicecrustmaybetectonicallyactive.C.ItorbitsSaturninsteadofJupiter.D.Ithasnosubsurfaceocean.35.WhyisplatetectonicsimportantforhabitabilityonEarth?A.Itcreatesvolcanoesthatproduceoxygen.B.Itrecyclesnutrientsandregulatesclimate.C.Itpreventsearthquakesfromhappening.D.Itkeepsthecorecompletelysolid.36.Whatevidencesuggestsstrike-slipfaultingonGanymede?A.Presenceofliquidwatergeysers.B.Longlinearridgesshiftinghorizontally.C.Absenceofanysurfacecracks.D.Constanttemperatureacrossthemoon.37.WhatwouldconfirmthatGanymede’sicetectonicsiscurrentlyactive?A.Findingfossilsonthesurface.B.Detectingice-quakeswithalander.C.Observingvolcaniceruptions.D.Discoveringamagneticfield.DTheriseof“deepfake”technologyhasalarmedgovernmentsworldwide,butalesser-knownthreatlurksintheformof“voiceskinning”—usingAItocloneaperson’svoicefromjustafewsecondsofaudio.Cybercriminalshavealreadyexploitedthistotrickemployeesintotransferringfunds,claimingtobetheCEO.Inone2024case,aBritishenergyfirmlost$243,000afteramanagerreceivedacallfromadeepfakeofhisGermanboss’svoice,completewiththesubtleaccentandphrasing.Thefraudwasdetectedonlyafterthemoneywasgone.Traditionalvoiceauthenticationsystems,whichrelyoncomparingspectrograms,areincreasinglyvulnerable.Inresponse,researchersaredeveloping“livenessdetection”forvoices.Theapproachissimilartoanti-spoofinginfacialrecognition:askthespeakertoperformarandomactionthatapre-recordedclipcannot.Forexample,thesystemmightsay,“Nowsaythenumber5whilehumming.”Arealhumancandothis;adeepfake,whichplaysbackafixedsample,cannot.Moreadvancedmethodsanalyzetheacousticpropertiesofthevocaltract—tiny,involuntarymicro-fluctuationsthatoccurwhenapersonbreathesorshiftsposture.These“biometricsignatures”arenearlyimpossibleforAItosynthesizebecausetheyarechaoticandcontext-dependent.Nevertheless,attackersareadapting.Generativeadversarialnetworks(GANs)cannowsimulatebreathingpatternsiffedenoughtrainingdata.Thearmsracebetweenforgeryanddetectioncontinues.Legalframeworksarelagging;inmostcountries,usingadeepfakevoiceforfraudisprosecutedunderexistingwirefraudlaws,whichdonotfullyaddresstheuniquechallengesofsyntheticmedia.Forinstance,howdoyouproveintentwhenthecriminalclaimstheAI“accidentally”generatedthevoice?Andwhatrecoursedoesavictimhaveagainstananonymousbotnet?Sometechcompaniesadvocatefor“watermarking”allAI-generatedaudio—embeddinganinaudibledigitalsignaturethatcanbetraced.Criticsarguethatwatermarkingcanbestripped,anditplacestheburdenoncreatorsratherthanondetectionsystems.Europe’sproposedAIActincludesarequirementforclearlabelingofdeepfakes,butenforcementisproblematic.AsDr.HelenZhou,acybersecurityprofessoratMIT,warns:“Wearetrainingpeopletotrustnothingtheyhear.Thaterosionoftrustmaybethedeepestdamageofall.”38.Whatis“voiceskinning”primarilyusedforinthecontextofthepassage?A.Entertainmentanddubbingformovies.B.Assistingpeoplewithspeechdisabilities.C.Committingfinancialfraud.D.Improvingvoiceassistantaccuracy.39.Howdoes“livenessdetection”workforvoices?A.Itcomparesthevoicetoadatabaseofcelebrities.B.Itasksthespeakertoperformarandom,unrepeatableaction.C.Itrecordsthecallformanualreviewlater.D.Itblocksallcallsfromunknownnumbers.40.Whatisamajorlegalchallengementionedregardingdeepfakevoicefraud?A.Therearenolawsagainstcybercrime.B.Provingcriminalintentisdifficult.C.Alldeepfakesareprotectedasfreespeech.D.Banksrefusetocooperatewithpolice.非选择题（共50分）四、填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）A)请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使短文意思完整正确。InthedenserainforestsofBorneo,researchershaveidentifiedanewspeciesoffungusthatglowsinthedark.This_41_(非凡的)discoverywasmadebyaccidentwhenateamwassearchingformedicinalplants.Themushroom’sbioluminescenceissobrightthatitcan_42_(指引)losthikerstowardsafetyatnight.Localtribeshavelongknownaboutthe“ghostfungus”butneversharedtheirknowledgewithoutsiders.Scientistsarenowracingto_43_(提取)thechemicalcompoundsresponsiblefortheglow,hopingtodevelopenergy-freelightingforremoteareas.However,thefungusgrowsonlyonaspecifictypeof_44_(腐烂的)woodfoundinatinyregionthreatenedbylogging.Conservationistsurgethegovernmenttocreateaprotectedzonebeforethespeciesgoes_45_(灭绝).B)请根据短文意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。Theconceptof“circulareconomy”hasgainedtractionasasolutiontowaste.Unlikethelinear“take-make-dispose”model,circularityaimstokeepresourcesinuseforaslongaspossible.Forexample,asmartphone_46_(design)withmodularpartscanbeeasilyrepaired,reducingelectronicwaste.IntheNetherlands,astartuphasdevelopedawashingmachinethatcanbe_47_(full)disassembledin15minutes,allowingeachcomponenttoberecycledorreused.Criticsarguethatcircularsystemsrequiremassive_48_(invest)inreverselogistics,whichmanycompaniesareunwillingtomake.Nevertheless,theEuropeanUnionhasset_49_(ambition)targets:by2030,allpackagingmustbereusableorrecyclable._50_(consume)alsoplayarole;choosingtorepairinsteadofreplaceisasmallbutpowerfulact.C)请阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空（有一个多余选项）。inturnduetorestoredaccessibleconservationdramaticAmy:HaveyouvisitedthenewlyrenovatedNaturalHistoryMuseum?Tom:Notyet.Ihearditwasclosedfortwoyears_51_structuralproblems.Amy:Yes,butnowit’sfully_52_.Theyaddedawholewingaboutbiodiversityandclimatechange.Tom:Thatsoundsinteresting.What’sthehighlight?Amy:There’salife-sizedmodelofabluewhalemadeentirelyfromplasticwastecollectedfromthePacific.It’squite_53_.Anditemphasizestheurgencyofocean_54_.Tom:Doesthemuseumstillhavethedinosaurskeletons?Amy:Absolutely!Thosehavebeencarefully_55_.Thedifferenceisthatnoweachexhibitexplainshowancientextinctionsrelatetocurrentenvironmentalthreats.五、阅读填空（共19小题；满分20分）A)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在表格中第56~63小题的空格里填入最恰当的单词，回答第64小题。TheHiddenTollofLightPollutionWhenwethinkofpollution,imagesofsmokestacksandplastic-chokedriverscometomind.Yetaquieter,morepervasiveformofpollutionhasbeensteadilyreshapingecosystems:artificiallightatnight(ALAN).Overthepastcentury,theaveragenightskybrightnesshasincreasedbynearly10%peryearduetourbandevelopment.Forbillionsofcitydwellers,theMilkyWayhasbecomeaforgottenmemory.Buttheconsequencesextendfarbeyondlostwonder.Nocturnalanimalsareespeciallyvulnerable.Seaturtlehatchlings,whichrelyonmoonlightreflectingofftheoceantofindtheirwaytowater,oftencrawltowardglaringbeachfronthotelsinstead,dyingofdehydrationorbeingeatenbypredators.Migratorybirds,usingstarsfornavigation,becomedisorientedbycityglow,crashingintoilluminatedbuildings.OnestudyinChicagofoundthatreducingwindowlightsduringmigrationseasoncutbirddeathsby80%.Insects,thebaseofmanyfoodwebs,arefatallyattractedtobrightlights;asinglestreetlampcankillhundredsofmothspernight,disruptingpollinationandleavingbatswithoutprey.Humanhealthisnotimmune.Exposuretoblue-richlightatnightsuppressesmelatoninproduction,increasingrisksofsleepdisorders,depression,obesity,andevenbreastcancer.TheAmericanMedicalAssociationnowrecommendsthatoutdoorlightingbe“warm-white”(below3000Kelvin)andfullyshieldedtodirectlightdownward.Unfortunately,manymunicipalitiescontinuetouseenergy-efficientbutblue-richLEDs,prioritizingcostsavingsoverwell-being.Solutionsexistbutrequirecollectivewill.Flagstaff,Arizona,becametheworld’sfirst“DarkSkyCity”in2001,enforcingstrictlightingcodeswithoutcompromisingsafety.Sincethen,energyusehasdropped,andtourismforstargazinghasboomed.Similarly,Chile’sAtacamaDesert,hometotheworld’smostpowerfultelescopes,haslegislated“light-freezones”within150kilometersofobservatories.Onanindividuallevel,wecaninstallmotionsensorsandtimers,closecurtainsatn