水稻种子能感知雨声-实验研究报告（阅读理解专练）（解析版）

水稻种子能感知雨声——实验研究报告【话题·导语】ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havediscoveredthatriceseedsthat“hear”thesoundofraindropsseemtosproutfasterthanthosethatdonot.Thestudyisthefirsttosuggestthatseedscansensesound,andusetheinformationtohelpthem“decide”whentosprout.麻省理工学院（MIT）的科学家发现，能够“感知”雨滴声音的水稻种子似乎比无法感知的种子发芽更快。这项研究首次表明，种子能够感知声音，并利用这些信息来决定何时发芽。【原文·时文阅读】文章来源：/articles/2026/05/06/rice-seeds-sense-the-sound-of-rain/ScientistsatMIThavepublishedastudysuggestingthatriceseedscansensethesoundofraindropshittingwater.Theresearchersbelievethattheseedsusethisinformationtohelpthem“decide”whentosprout.Theresearcherswantedtomakesurethattheseedswererespondingtothesoundofrainandnottoitswater.Sotheychosetofocusonriceseedsbecausericeisusuallygrowninwater.Thatmeantalltheseedswouldbeequallywet.Fortheexperiment,theresearchersplacedthousandsofriceseedsinshallowpoolsofwater.Alloftheseedshadenoughwatertosprout.Someofthewaterwaskeptcompletelyquiet.Butotherpoolswerehitwithfallingdropsofwatertoimitaterealrain–somelight,somemedium,andsomeheavy.Onaverage,theseedsthatwereexposedtothefakeraindropssproutedabout30-40%fasterthanseedsthatwerekeptinquietpoolsofwater.Thescientistsbelievethatthisfastersproutingmightgivetheseedsabetterchanceofsurviving.Dr.NicholasMakris,wholedthestudy,says,“Theenergyoftherainsoundisenoughtoaccelerate[speedup]aseed’sgrowth.”Thoughitmayseemstrangetothinkaboutseeds“hearing”something,soundisreallyjustavibration.Theresearchersbelievetheseedsmayberespondingtovibrationsinthewatercausedbyfallingraindrops.Thesevibrationsaremuchmorepowerfulunderwaterthaninair.Insidethecellsoftheseeds,therearetiny,heavygrainscalled“statoliths”.Likesnowinasnowglobe,thesestatolithshelpseedsfigureoutwhichwayis“down”.Thatway,whentheseedsprouts,itsrootswillgrowdownintothesoilanditsshootswillgrowuptowardthelight.Whenthevibrationsfromthewaterdropsreachedtheseeds,thesestatolithsshookaroundinsidetheseedcells.Thescientiststhinkthismayhavetriggeredtheseedstosproutearlier.Theresearchersbelievethatsensingrainsoundsmayhelpseedsmakesurethey’reinagoodspottogrow.Seedsthatcansensethevibrationsoftherainareprobablycloseenoughtothesurfacetogetmoisture,andtogrowintothelight.【原创·阅读理解】1.Whatcanweknowfromthefirstthreeparagraphs？A.Riceseedshaveasenseoftheraindrops.B.Riceseedsrespondtothesoundofrain.C.Riceseedsrespondtothethewaterofrain.D.Riceseedscanusetheraindropstosprout.B考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的ScientistsatMIThavepublishedastudysuggestingthatriceseedscansensethesoundofraindropshittingwater.（麻省理工学院的科学家发表了一项研究，表明水稻种子能够感知雨滴撞击水面的声音。）可知，研究的是水稻种子对声音的感知。故选B。2.Whatdoweknowfromtheexperiment?A.theseedsexposedtothefakeraindropssproutedabout30-40%fasterthanseedskeptinrealrain.B.theseedsexposedtorealrainsproutedabout30-40%fasterthanseedskeptinquietpoolsofwater.C.theseedsexposedtothefakeraindropssproutedabout30-40%fasterthanseedskeptinquietpoolsofwater.D.theseedsexposedtorealrainsproutedabout30-40%slowerthanseedskeptinquietpoolsofwater.C考查细节理解。根据文章中Onaverage,theseedsthatwereexposedtothefakeraindropssproutedabout30-40%fasterthanseedsthatwerekeptinquietpoolsofwater.（平均而言，暴露于模拟雨滴下的种子发芽速度比置于静水池中的种子快约30%-40%。）可知推知，C正确。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triggered”mean？A.alleviate B.activate C.liberate D.motivateB考查猜测词义。根据前文内容Whenthevibrationsfromthewaterdropsreachedtheseeds,thesestatolithsshookaroundinsidetheseedcells.（当水滴产生的振动传达到种子时，这些平衡石会在种子细胞内发生振动。）Thescientiststhinkthis__________theseedstosproutearlier.科学家认为，这可能________种子提前发芽。可知，此处是：activate激活的意思。故选B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.RiceSeedsSensetheSoundofRainB.RiceSeedsSensetheWaterofRainC.HowDoRiceSeedsDecidetoSprout?D.TheFakeRainDropandRealRainDrop.A考查文章大意。根据文章整体内容可知，文章主要讲述了水稻种子能够感知雨滴落在水面上的声音，以及相关的实验。故选A。【课标词汇积累】1.sproutvi.发芽；抽芽vt.使发芽；使生长n.幼芽，新梢Afterweeksofhardwork,myconfidencefinallybegantosproutduringtheschooldebatecompetition.经过几周的努力，我的自信心终于在学校辩论赛中开始萌芽。2.shallowadj.浅的；肤浅的；（呼吸）浅的，弱的Theswimmingpoolistooshallowfordiving,sowemustjumpinfeetfirstforsafety.游泳池太浅了，不适合跳水，为了安全起见，我们必须脚先入水。3.mediumadj.中等的；中间的；不深不浅的n.方式；媒介Englishisauseful

medium

forustocommunicatewithstudentsfromothercountriesonline.

英语是我们与其他国家的学生在线交流的有用媒介。4.exposev.揭发；使暴露；使接触Leavingyourphoneoutintherainwillexposeittowaterdamageandbreakthecircuit.把手机留在雨中会使其遭受水损并破坏电路。5.fakeadj.假的；伪造的v.伪造；假装Itiswrongtofakeillnessjusttoskipthemorningrunningexerciseatschool.仅仅为了逃避学校的晨跑而装病是错误的。6.acceleratev.（使）加速，加快Workinginagroupcan

accelerate

theprocessofsolvingcomplexphysicsproblems.小组合作可以加速解决复杂物理问题的进程。7.vibrationn.摆动；震动；感受Thephysicsteacherdemonstratedhowsoundwavescausevibrationinthestringsofaguitar.物理老师演示了声波如何引起吉他弦的振动。8.moisturen.水分；湿气；潮湿；降雨量Highmoistureintheairduringtherainyseasonmakesourclassroomfeelstickyanduncomfortable.雨季空气中高含量的水分让我们教室感觉黏糊糊的，很不舒服。9.respondv.回答，回复；作出反应；有改进Howdidyourparents

respond

whenyoutoldthemaboutyourplanforthesummervacation?当你告诉父母你的暑假计划时，他们是如何反应的？10.underwateradj.在水中的；水面下的Wewatchedanamazingdocumentaryaboutunderwatercreaturesingeographyclasstoday.今天在地理课上，我们观看了一部关于水下生物的精彩纪录片。【课标词汇训练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。1.Welearnedhowseeds____________inbiologyclassandthenplantedsomebeansintheschoolgarden.我们在生物课上学习了种子如何发芽，随后在学校花园里种了一些豆子。2.Don'tbesatisfiedwitha____________understandingofthemathformula;trytoderiveityourself.不要满足于对数学公式的浅层理解，试着自己去推导它。3.Pleasecookthesteakto____________becausemyfatherprefersitneithertoorarenortoowell-done.请把牛排煮成五分熟，因为我父亲不喜欢太生或太熟的口感。4.Theteacheraskedusto____________ourhiddentalentsduringtheannualartfestival.老师要求我们在年度艺术节上展示我们隐藏的才华。5.Sherealizedthatthe"expert"adviceontheinternetwascompletely____________andmisleading.她意识到网上那位“专家”的建议完全是虚假且具误导性的。6.Ifeltaslight____________inmypocketwhenmyphonereceivedamessagefrommybestfriend.当手机收到最好朋友发来的消息时，我感觉到口袋里有一丝震动。7.Plantsneedadequate____________fromthesoiltogrowhealthyleavesforourbiologyobservation.植物需要从土壤中吸收充足的水分，才能长出健康的叶子供我们进行生物观察。Please____________totheteacher'squestionactivelyinsteadofkeepingsilentinclass.请积极回应老师的问题，而不是在课堂上保持沉默。9.Listeningtofast-pacedmusicmight____________yourheartbeatwhenyouarenervousbeforeanexam.当你考前紧张时，听快节奏的音乐可能会加速你的心跳。10.Holdingyourbreath____________fortoolongcanbedangerousduringswimmingtraining.在游泳训练中，在水下憋气太久可能是危险的。Keys:1.sprout2.shallow3.medium4.expose5.fake6.vibration7.moisture8.respond9.accelerate10.underwater【参考译文】麻省理工学院的科学家发表了一项研究，表明水稻种子能够感知雨滴落在水面上的声音。研究人员认为，种子利用这一信息来“决定”何时发芽。研究人员希望确认这些种子是对雨声作出反应，而非对其水分作出反应。因此他们选择研究水稻种子，因为水稻通常是在水中种植的，这意味着所有种子都会处于相同的湿润状态。在实验中，研究人员将数千粒水稻种子置于浅水池中。所有种子均获得充足的水分以完成发芽。部分水体保持完全静止；而其他水池则被喷洒水滴以模拟真实降雨效果——有的雨势较轻，有的中等，还有的较为猛烈。平均而言，暴露在模拟雨滴下的种子发芽速度比置于静水池中的种子快约30%至40%。科学家认为，这种更快的发芽速度可能有助于种子提高存活几率。该研究负责人尼古拉斯·马克里斯博士表示：“雨水声的能量足以加速种子的生长。”尽管想象种子“听到”声音似乎有些奇怪，但声音本质上只是一种振动。研究人员认为，这些种子可能是对雨滴落下时在水中产生的振动产生了反应。这种振动在水下的强度远大于在空气中的强度。种子细胞内部含有被称为“平衡石”的微小而沉重的颗粒。这些平衡石如同雪景球中的雪花，帮助种子判断“向下”的方向。因此，当种子发芽时，其根系会向下伸入土壤，而幼苗则会向上朝向光源生长。当水滴产生的振动传达到种子时，这些平衡石会在种子细胞内发生震动。科学家认为，这可能促使种子提前发芽。研究人员认为，感知雨声有助于种子确定自身生长的最佳位置。能够感知雨声振动的种子通常距离地表足够近，既能吸收水分，又能向光照方向生长。好题精练好题精练练Passage1阅读理解Anyonewhohastriedtokeeppottedplantsorahomegardenalivethroughdifferentseasonsknowsit’sataskeasiersaidthandone.Suddentemperaturechangesandlong-lastingdroughtscanstressplants,disturbingtheirnormalbiochemistry.Ifnotaddressedquicklyenough,thosestressescaneventuallykilltheplant.Disappointedgrowersoftenonlyseethetell-talesigns(likebrowningleaves)afterit’stoolate.Butanewplant-wearabledevicebyACS(AmericanChemicalSociety)researcherscouldofferanearlywarningsystem.Thewearablecomesintheformofanelectromagnetic(电磁的)sensorattacheddirectlytoplantleaves,whosepurposeistodetecthydrogenperoxide,achemicalthatplantsreleasewhenexposedtoenvironmentalstress.Thesensorconsistsofmanytinyplasticneedlesmountedonaflexiblebase.Thatbaseiscoatedwithachitosan-basedhydrogel(akindofsoftmaterial)capableofdetectingsmallamountsofhydrogenperoxide,whichisthenchangedintoanelectriccurrent.Thepresenceofthatcurrentalertsgrowerstotheirplants’stresslevels.Inthepast,researchersmonitoredearlysignsofplantstressbytakingsmallsamplesorobservingchangesinfluorescence(荧光).Butneitherofthoseoptionsisperfect.Takingsamplescandamageaplantandengenderstressofitsownandfluorescencechangescanbedifficulttoclearlydetect.That’swheretheplantwearablecomesin.Byattachinganelectrochemicalsensordirectlytoaplant’sleaves,theresearchersbelievedtheycouldgetanear-instantresponsewhileminimizingphysicaldisturbancetotheplant.Inseveralexperiments,thewearableaccuratelyidentifiedhydrogenperoxideinplantsthathadbeenattackedbyapathogen(病原体).Theresearchsuggeststhatintheory,similarwearablescanbeappliedtocropsacrosswidefarmingareasasanaffordablewaytodetectstressedplantsbeforetheyarebeyondsaving.“Thissensortechnologyhasthepotentialtofunctionasahand-helddeviceforon-sitemeasurementofreactiveoxygenspeciesinplants,providingarapidandcost-effectivesolutionforhydrogenperoxidequantification,”writetheresearchers.1．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bycorrectingamisbelief.C．Byofferinganassumption.D．Bydescribingphenomena.2．Whichaspectofthewearabledevicedoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Itstestingresults. B．Itsworkingprinciple.C．Itsuniquecomponents. D．Itspowerfulsignificance.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“engender”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Discover. B．Lessen. C．Cause. D．Avoid.4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesensortechnology?A．Ithasn’tbeenusedonlargefarms.B．Itremovespathogensfromplants.C．Itcan’tspeedupplantmonitoring.D．Itincreasescropproductiongreatly.【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．A【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了人们养护植物常难及时发现其受环境胁迫，科研人员研发植物可穿戴传感器，可检测植物应激物质，相较传统方法更具优势，有望广泛用于农田植株监测预警。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Anyonewhohastriedtokeeppottedplantsorahomegardenalivethroughdifferentseasonsknowsit’sataskeasiersaidthandone.Suddentemperaturechangesandlong-lastingdroughtscanstressplants,disturbingtheirnormalbiochemistry.Ifnotaddressedquicklyenough,thosestressescaneventuallykilltheplant.Disappointedgrowersoftenonlyseethetell-talesigns(likebrowningleaves)afterit’stoolate.Butanewplant-wearabledevicebyACS(AmericanChemicalSociety)researcherscouldofferanearlywarningsystem.(任何尝试在不同季节里养护盆栽植物或家庭花园的人都知道，这项任务说起来容易做起来难。突然的温度变化和长期的干旱会令植物承受压力，扰乱其正常的生物化学过程。如果处理不及时，这些压力最终可能会导致植物死亡。失望的园丁往往是在为时已晚时才会看到那些明显的迹象（比如叶子变棕），但美国化学学会（ACS）的研究人员推出的一种新型植物可穿戴设备或许能提供一个早期预警系统。)”可知，文章开篇先描述了一个普遍现象：养盆栽或家庭花园很难，温度骤变、干旱会伤害植物，而种植者往往发现问题时已经太晚。在此基础上，自然引出美国化学学会研发的新型植物可穿戴预警设备。2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thewearablecomesintheformofanelectromagnetic(电磁的)sensorattacheddirectlytoplantleaves,whosepurposeistodetecthydrogenperoxide,achemicalthatplantsreleasewhenexposedtoenvironmentalstress.Thesensorconsistsofmanytinyplasticneedlesmountedonaflexiblebase.Thatbaseiscoatedwithachitosan-basedhydrogel(akindofsoftmaterial)capableofdetectingsmallamountsofhydrogenperoxide,whichisthenchangedintoanelectriccurrent.Thepresenceofthatcurrentalertsgrowerstotheirplants’stresslevels.(这种可穿戴设备的形式是一个直接附着在植物叶子上的电磁传感器，其目的是检测过氧化氢，这是一种植物在受到环境压力时释放的化学物质。该传感器由许多微小的塑料针安装在一个灵活的基座上组成。该基座上涂有一种基于壳聚糖的水凝胶（一种柔软材料），能够检测少量的过氧化氢，然后将其转化为电流。这种电流的存在会提醒园丁他们的植物处于何种压力状态。)”可知，第二段主要谈论了可穿戴设备的工作原理。3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Inthepast,researchersmonitoredearlysignsofplantstressbytakingsmallsamplesorobservingchangesinfluorescence(荧光).Butneitherofthoseoptionsisperfect.(过去，研究人员通过采集小样本或观察荧光变化来监测植物的早期压力迹象。但这两种方法都不完美。)”以及划线单词句中“Takingsamplescandamageaplantand…stressofitsownandfluorescencechangescanbedifficulttoclearlydetect.(采集样本可能会对植物造成损害，并……自身的压力反应，而荧光变化也难以清晰地检测出来。)”可知，前半句说取样会伤害植物，后半句用and连接并列的负面影响，说明取样本身也会“造成”植物的压力。由此可知，engender在此处意为“引起、导致”，与C选项cause“引起”同义。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theresearchsuggeststhatintheory,similarwearablescanbeappliedtocropsacrosswidefarmingareasasanaffordablewaytodetectstressedplantsbeforetheyarebeyondsaving.(研究显示，理论上，类似的可穿戴设备可以应用于大面积农田的作物检测，作为一种经济实惠的方法，在作物无法挽救之前检测出受压状态的植物。)”可推知，关于这种传感器技术，可以得出它尚未在大型农场中使用。Passage2阅读理解（贵州贵阳市2026届高三年级2月适应性考试（一））ManypeoplehaveseenthewayaMimosapudicaplant,alsocalledthetouch-me-not,foldsitsleaveswhentouched.Fewerknowthatifyouputoneintoasealedroomwithadoseofanaesthetic(麻醉剂),itwilleventuallystopdoingthis,asthoughithasbeenknockedoutorputtosleep.Thisraisescontroversialideas:Doesthisplantexistinastateofawarenessthatisshutoffbyanaesthetics?Ormightweconsiderthisstateasplants’subjectiveinternalexperience?PacoCalvoattheUniversityofMurciainSpainandasmallgroupofplantbehaviourresearcherstakethemseriously.Plantsoperateinwaysthataredifficultforustoperceive,sopeoplehavetraditionallyassumedtheyaren’tdoingverymuch.Butinrecentyears,researchershavefoundthemtopossessmanysurprisingabilities.Plantscansenseandreacttomoreaspectsoftheirenvironmentsthanwecan,andtheymaintainbusysociallivesbycommunicatingwitheachotheraboveandbelowground.Calvobelievesthatthefirststepinexploringtheinternallivesofplantsistolookcloselyattheirbehaviour.Hehasspentmanyhourssimplysittingandwatchinghisfavouritecommonbeanplantsgrow.“Onewaytotuneintoplantsistoslowdownandgetclosertotheirdifferenttimescales,”hesays.AttheMinimalIntelligenceLaboratory(MINTLab)attheUniversityofMurcia,heandhiscolleaguestakeamorehigh-techapproach.Takingtheclimbingbeansasanexample,theyuseimagestakeneveryminutetocapturetheplants’movementswhilemonitoringtheirinternalelectricalsignallingactivitywithelectrodesandbiosensors(生物传感器).WhiletheMINTLabislookingjoyfullyatelectricalsignalling,otherplantbehaviouristsarebeingscepticalaboutplantshavingconsciousness.“It’saninterestingphilosophicalquestion,butnotaveryusefuloneforunderstandingplants,aseverythingtheydocanbeexplainedphysiologically(生理地),”saysMikeBlattattheUniversityofGlasgow,UK.5．WhyistheexperimentonMimosapudicamentioned?A．Todiscussplants’awareness. B．Tointroduceananaesthetic.C．Toendthepublic’sargument. D．Tocallforplantconservation.6．Whathasrecentresearchfoundaboutplants?A．Theyarepassiveincommunication.B．Theymoveatarelativelyslowspeed.C．Theyoperateunderavisiblesystem.D．Theyaresensitivetothesurroundings.7．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Approachesofobservingplants. B．Functionsofelectricalsignals.C．Stepsofgrowingclimbingbeans. D．Timescalesofexploringplants.8．WhatmightMikeBlattthinkofMINTLab’sstudy?A．Innovative. B．Worthful. C．Fruitless. D．Outdated.【答案】5．A6．D7．A8．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对植物是否具有意识及内部生活的研究与探讨。5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fewerknowthatifyouputoneintoasealedroomwithadoseofanaesthetic(麻醉剂),itwilleventuallystopdoingthis,asthoughithasbeenknockedoutorputtosleep.Thisraisescontroversialideas:Doesthisplantexistinastateofawarenessthatisshutoffbyanaesthetics?Ormightweconsiderthisstateasplants’subjectiveinternalexperience?(但很少有人知道，若将一株含羞草放入密封房间并通入一定剂量的麻醉剂，它最终会停止这种反应，仿佛被麻醉或陷入沉睡一般。这引发了颇具争议的疑问：这种植物是否存在一种能被麻醉剂阻断的意识状态？或者，我们能否将这种状态视为植物的主观内在体验？)”可知，提到含羞草实验是为了讨论植物是否有意识。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butinrecentyears,researchershavefoundthemtopossessmanysurprisingabilities.Plantscansenseandreacttomoreaspectsoftheirenvironmentsthanwecan,andtheymaintainbusysociallivesbycommunicatingwitheachotheraboveandbelowground.(但近年来，研究人员发现它们具备许多令人惊叹的能力。植物能够感知并对环境中更多方面的变化做出反应，而且它们通过地上和地下的交流方式维持着繁忙的社交生活)”可知，最近的研究发现植物对周围环境很敏感。故选D。7．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Calvobelievesthatthefirststepinexploringtheinternallivesofplantsistolookcloselyattheirbehaviour.(Calvo认为，探索植物内部生活的第一步是仔细观察它们的行为)”以及后文提到的观察方法可知，本段主要讲观察植物的方法。故选A。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““It’saninterestingphilosophicalquestion,butnotaveryusefuloneforunderstandingplants,aseverythingtheydocanbeexplainedphysiologically(生理地),”saysMikeBlattattheUniversityofGlasgow,UK.(英国格拉斯哥大学的MikeBlatt表示：“这是一个有趣的哲学问题，但对于理解植物而言并无太大助益，因为它们所做的一切都能从生理学角度得到解释。”)”可知，MikeBlatt认为MINT实验室的研究没有实际意义，是徒劳无果的。故选C。Passage3阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。（广东湛江市2026年普通高考测试（二））Whenwethinkaboutbeesandflowers,weusuallypicturebeesflyingaroundbeautifulflowers,busycollectingnectar(花蜜).1Butwhatifflowersareusingtheirownsensestoo?Canflowersactuallyhearbees?Recentscientificresearchsuggeststheymight,andthewayflowersrespondtobeesoundsisfascinating.Scientistshavelongknownflowersattractbeeswithcolorsandsweetsmells.Butnewresearchhasshownthatflowersmightalsobetuningintothesoundsthatbeesmake.Bees,whentheyflyandsearchforfood,producegentlebuzzingsounds(嗡嗡声).Foralongtime,scientistsdidn’tthinkthesesoftsoundsmatteredmuchtoplants.2Inapioneeringstudy,researchersdiscoveredthatsomeflowersrespondtothebuzzingofbeesbyproducingsweeternectar.Thatmeansflowerscanattractbeesvisuallyandthroughsmell.3Thisincrediblefindingopensupanewunderstandingofthecomplexinteractionsbetweenflowersandbees.Buthowcanaflowerhear?Plantsdon’thaveearslikeanimals,sotheymustbedoingsomethingdifferent.Researchersbelievethatflowerspickupvibrations(振动)fromsoundwaves.Thesevibrationsmovethroughtheairandtouchflowers,causingtinymovementsthatplantscansense.4Inthesameway,flowersmightvibrateslightlyinresponsetobeesounds,signalingtheplanttoproducesweeternectar.5Plantsoftenreacttootherenvironmentalclues,likesunlight,wind,andtouch.Respondingtosoundwavesmayjustbeanothercleverwaythatplantsadapttotheirsurroundingsandcommunicatewiththeirpartners.A．Thisissimilartopullingaguitarstring.B．Beesarealsorewardedforbuzzingnearby.C．Thistypeofsensingisnotunusualinnature.D．Beesusetheirsightandsmelltofindflowers.E．However,recentexperimentssuggestotherwise.F．Thesweeterthenectaris,thehappierthebeesare.G．Onthecontrary,beesknowwhatsoundsplantsprefer.【答案】1．D2．E3．B4．A5．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现花朵能感知蜜蜂的嗡嗡声，通过声波振动产生更甜的花蜜，这种感知能力在自然界并不罕见，也让人们对花蜂互动有了新认知。1．前文“Whenwethinkaboutbeesandflowers,weusuallypicturebeesflyingaroundbeautifulflowers,busycollectingnectar(花蜜).(当我们想到蜜蜂和花朵时，通常会想象蜜蜂在美丽的花朵周围飞舞，忙碌地采集花蜜。)”描述蜜蜂采蜜的场景，后文“Butwhatifflowersareusingtheirownsensestoo?Canflowersactuallyhearbees?(但倘若花朵也有自己的感知能力呢？花朵真的能听到蜜蜂的声音吗？)”转折提出“花朵也有感官、能听见蜜蜂”，D项“Beesusetheirsightandsmelltofindflowers.(蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉来寻找花朵。)”先说明蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉寻找花朵，形成前后逻辑衔接，符合语境。故选D项。2．前文“Foralongtime,scientistsdidn’tthinkthesesoftsoundsmatteredmuchtoplants.(长期以来，科学家们认为这些轻微的声音对植物来说并不重要。)”提到科学家长期认为蜜蜂的嗡嗡声对植物无关紧要，后文“Inapioneeringstudy,researchersdiscoveredthatsomeflowersrespondtothebuzzingofbeesbyproducingsweeternectar.(在一项开创性的研究中，研究人员发现，一些花朵会因蜜蜂的嗡嗡声而分泌出更甜的花蜜。)”介绍新研究发现花朵会对蜜蜂声音做出反应，E项“However,recentexperimentssuggestotherwise.(然而，最近的实验结果却与此相反。)”表转折，引出相反的实验结论，衔接自然。故选E项。3．前文“Inapioneeringstudy,researchersdiscoveredthatsomeflowersrespondtothebuzzingofbeesbyproducingsweeternectar.Thatmeansflowerscanattractbeesvisuallyandthroughsmell.(在一项开创性的研究中，研究人员发现，一些花朵会因蜜蜂的嗡嗡声而分泌出更甜的花蜜。这意味着花朵可以通过视觉和气味来吸引蜜蜂。)”指出花朵听到蜜蜂声音会产出更甜的花蜜，B项“Beesarealsorewardedforbuzzingnearby.(蜜蜂在附近嗡嗡作响也会得到奖励。)”承接“更甜的花蜜”这一内容，说明花蜜甜度对蜜蜂的影响，与后文“这一发现刷新认知”形成连贯逻辑。故选B项。4．前文“Thesevibrationsmovethroughtheairandtouchflowers,causingtinymovementsthatplantscansense.(这些振动在空气中传播并作用于花朵，引发微小的运动，而植物能够感知到这些运动。)”说明花朵能感知声波带来的振动，后文用“Inthesameway(同样地)”类比花朵的振动反应，A项“Thisissimilartopullingaguitarstring.(这与拉动吉他弦的过程类似。)”以拨吉他弦作类比，契合上下文的类比逻辑。故选A项。5．后文“Plantsoftenreacttootherenvironmentalclues,likesunlight,wind,andtouch.(植物通常会对其他环境线索做出反应，比如阳光、风和触碰。)”提到植物还会对阳光、风、触摸等环境信号做出反应，C项“Thistypeofsensingisnotunusualinnature.(这种感知在自然界中并不罕见。)”指出这种感知能力在自然界并不罕见，总起后文内容，衔接顺畅。故选C项。Passage4完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Irecallasayoungchildbringingabunchofbrilliantflowerstomymother.Shewas,amazedatitsshapebutherpassioneventually1.Bothmyparentshatedthe2oftheseflowersinthelawn.Therewereanoceanofthem!Wespenthourspickingthem.Butthesupplyofdandelions(蒲公英)never3.Myfatherwouldcutoffalltheheadswiththelawnmower(割草机)onceaweek,butthatdidn’t4thesehardywonders.Andforthoseflowersthatescapedthehonorofbeing5tomymotherorthedestinytobekilledbythelawnmower,therewasanother6ofexistence.Theemergenceofanewdandelioncausedendlessamazementaswehadthoughtallwere7.AsIworkedinmygardenlastweek,Iagain8attheflowers.AndIhopeIhadthe9ofadandelion.IfonlyIcouldstretchmyrootssodeepthatnothingcould10mecompletelyfromthesourcethatfeedsmelife.IfonlyIcouldfacetheworldwithasunshinyfaceaftersomeonehasrunmeoverwitha11.IfonlyIcouldspreadloveasfreelyasthisflowerspreadsseedsofitself.Thelawnsarenowbeautifulgreen12.Theonlypatches(块)ofcolorcomefromwell-placedandwell-controlledflowerbeds.Chemicalshavemanagedtokillwhathuman13couldn’t.IhopeyouandIcanbe14.Ihopethatwecanstretchourrootsdeepenoughthatthestrongestpoisoncan’treachour15.Ihopethatwecanovercomethepoisonsofanger,fear,hate,andcompetitiveness.1．A．changed B．faded C．remained D．uplifted2．A．presence B．absence C．survival D．removal3．A．pulledup B．settleddown C．gotacross D．ranout4．A．distract B．destroy C．trouble D．restore5．A．hand-washed B．hand-written C．hand-delivered D．hand-crafted6．A．dimension B．addition C．anticipation D．exception7．A．amazing B．thriving C．brilliant D．gone8．A．grabbed B．yelled C．marveled D．laughed9．A．productivity B．perseverance C．inclusiveness D．effectiveness10．A．separate B．discourage C．defend D．forbid11．A．truck B．block C．lawnmower D．dandelion12．A．boards B．routes C．blankets D．signs13．A．evolution B．interference C．preservation D．enhancement14．A．forgiving B．conventional C．emotional D．different15．A．souls B．deadlines C．fields D．targets【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．B5．C6．A7．D8．C9．B10．A11．C12．C13．B14．D15．A【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者回忆童年时期对蒲公英的喜爱与父母对它的厌恶，引申出对生命力顽强、坚韧不拔精神的赞美，表达了作者希望像蒲公英一样拥有深深扎根、无畏困难、传播爱与阳光的生活态度。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲对这花的形状感到惊奇，但她的热情最终消退了。A.changed换；B.faded逐渐消失；C.remained仍然；D.uplifted使振奋。根据下文“Bothmyparentshatedthe________oftheseflowersinthelawn.”可知，此处表示母亲对于花的热情消退了。故选B项。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母都讨厌草坪上有这些花的存在。A.presence存在；B.absence缺席；C.survival存活；D.removal移动。根据下文“Myfatherwouldcutoffalltheheadswiththelawnmower(割草机)onceaweek,”可知，父亲每周都会割掉蒲公英，所以此处表示父母讨厌草坪上存在这些花。故选A项。3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但蒲公英似乎永远不会摘完。A.pulledup减速停下；B.settleddown安顿下来；C.gotacross使被理解；D.ranout用完，耗尽。根据上文“Wespenthourspickingthem.Butthesupplyofdandelions(蒲公英)never”以及下文“Myfatherwouldcutoffalltheheadswiththelawnmower(割草机)onceaweek,”可知，此处表示蒲公英似乎永远也摘不完。故选D项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲每周都会用割草机把所有蒲公英的头都割掉，但这并没有摧毁这些顽强的生命奇迹。A.distract分散；B.destroy摧毁；C.trouble麻烦；D.restore恢复。根据下文“Theemergenceofanewdandelioncausedendlessamazementaswehadthoughtallwere________.”可知，割草机的切割并不能消灭所有的蒲公英。故选B项。5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有被亲手交给母亲的荣耀，也没有被割草机割死的命运的花来说，存在另一个维度。A.hand-washed手洗的；B.hand-written手写的；C.hand-delivered亲手交付的；D.hand-crafted手工制作的。根据上文“Irecallasayoungchildbringingabunchofbrilliantflowerstomymother.”可知，此处指作者亲手送给母亲的花。故选C项。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于那些没有被亲手交给母亲的荣耀，也没有被割草机割死的命运的花来说，存在另一个维度。A.dimension维度；B.addition添加；C.anticipation预期；D.exception例外。根据下文“Theemergenceofanewdandelioncausedendlessamazementaswehadthoughtallwere________.”以及语境可知，除了被摘掉送给作者的母亲和被作者的父亲用割草机割掉外，还有另一种存在维度。故选A项。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新蒲公英的出现让我们惊叹不已，因为我们以为所有的都已经消失了。A.amazing令人惊喜的；B.thriving欣欣向荣的；C.brilliant聪颖的；D.gone不复存在的。根据上文“Myfatherwouldcutoffalltheheadswiththelawnmower(割草机)onceaweek,”以及常识可知，经过割草机的切割之后，作者以为蒲公英都被处理完，不复存在了。故选D项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周我在花园里劳作时，再次对这些花感到惊奇。A.grabbed抓住；B.yelled喊；C.marveled感到惊奇；D.laughed笑。根据上文“Theemergenceofanewdandelioncausedendlessamazementaswehadthoughtallwere________.”可知，此处表示作者再次对花感到惊奇。故选C项。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望我有蒲公英那样的毅力。A.productivity生产力；B.perseverance毅力；C.inclusiveness包容性；D.effectiveness有效性。根据下文“IfonlyIcouldstretchmyrootssodeepthatnothingcould________mecompletelyfromthesourcethatfeedsmelife.”以及语境可知，此处指作者希望拥有蒲公英般的坚持与毅力。故选B项。10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我能把根扎得如此之深，以至于没有任何东西能把我与滋养我生命的源泉完全隔绝。A.separate分开，隔开；B.discourage劝阻；C.defend保卫；D.forbid禁止。根据下文“mecompletelyfromthesourcethatfeedsmelife”以及语境可知，此处表示没有任何东西可以将其隔绝于生命源泉。故选A项。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有人用割草机碾过我之后，我还能面带阳光地面对世界。A.truck卡车；B.block块；C.lawnmower割草机；D.dandelion蒲公英。根据上文“Myfatherwouldcutoffalltheheadswiththelawnmower(割草机)onceaweek,”可知，此处呼应前文的割草机，表示如果有人使用割草机碾过之后。故选C项。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：草坪现在是美丽的绿色地毯。A.boards板；B.routes路线；C.blankets毯子；D.signs标志。根据上文“Thelawnsarenowbeautifulgreen”以及下文“Theonlypatches(块)ofcolorcomefromwell-placedandwell-controlledflowerbeds.”可知，此处将草坪比作绿色的地毯。故选C项。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：化学药品已经成功杀死了人力干预无法消灭的东西。A.evolution进化；B.interference干扰，干预；C.preservation保存；D.enhancement增强。根据上文“Chemicalshavemanagedtokillwhathuman”可知，此处将人力干预与化学药品的作用对比。故选B项。14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望你和我