安徽省蚌埠市2025-2026学年高一上学期第三次联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省蚌埠市2025-2026学年高一上学期第三次联考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASupposingyoulovetovisitplaceswhereyoucouldcamp,relaxandevenlearnhistory,youmightwanttoseetheamazinglandscapeofnationalparksinCalifornia(CA)!Theparkswouldcatchyoureyewithitsvariousgeographicalfeatures.DeathValleyNationalPark(DVNP)isoneofthetopnationalparksinCaliforniathatyoumightregretmissing.BACKGROUNDToday,DVNPisknownasoneofthehottestanddriestplacesinAmerica,butwouldyoubelieveitwasoncealakemoreorless20,000yearsago?Timechangesitsappearanceandmakesitafantasticlocationtoday.Withsummertemperaturereaching120degrees,thisbelow-sea-levelbasin,despiteitsname,isstilloneofthewell-knownCaliforniaStateParks,mainlyduetoitsextremebeauty.HOWTOGETTHEREYoucouldtakeCAHighway190;itisthemainroadcrossingDVNPfromeasttowest.TheStateRoute95parallelstheParkfromNorthtoSouth.THINGSTODOExploringthewholeDeathValleyParkwouldtakeextratimeandeffort,butitisworthit.ToreachthePark’spopularattractions,suchasDevilsGolfCourseandNaturalBridgeCanyon,youcouldbeginexploringtheparkfromthecentrallocation,whichistheFurnaceCreek.Scotty’sCastleisoneofthesymbolicattractionsofDeathValley.YoucouldalsofindtracesofitsvolcanicpastbyvisitingUbehebeCraterintheGrapevinearea.Andifyouwantauniquewaytoexperiencethedepth,youcouldvisittheBadwaterBasinregion;itwouldallowyoutoexplore280feetbelowsealevel!THINGSTOREMEMBERUponexploringthePark,takenotethatyourdestinationsarelocatedindifferentareas,andusefulfacilitiesareonlyavailablewhenyouarealonghighway.NighttimetravelallowsyoutoseethefascinatingsightofthenightskyandstarsofDVNP.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutDeathValleyNationalPark(DVNP)fromthe“BACKGROUND”part?A.Ithasbeenadryareafor20,000years B.Itssummertemperaturegoesupto120degrees.C.Itisnamedafteritsdangerousenvironment. D.Itisnotpopularbecauseoftheextremeclimate.2.WhichisthecentrallocationtostartexploringDVNP’spopularattractions?A.FurnaceCreek B.DevilsGolfCourse C.Scotty’sCastle D.BadwaterBasin3.WhatshouldvisitorspayattentiontowhenexploringDVNP?A.BadwaterBasinisthebestplacetoexperienceitsdepth.B.FacilitiesareeverywhereintheparkC.Thepark’sattractionsarespreadindifferentareas.D.Travelingatnightshouldbeavoidedinthepark.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了加利福尼亚州死亡谷国家公园的背景信息、交通方式、可进行的活动以及游览注意事项，旨在为想要前往该公园露营、休闲和了解历史的游客提供实用指南。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据BACKGROUND部分的描述“Withsummertemperaturereaching120degrees,thisbelow-sea-levelbasin,despiteitsname,isstilloneofthewell-knownCaliforniaStateParks,mainlyduetoitsextremebeauty.(夏季气温高达120华氏度，这个低于海平面的盆地，尽管名字听起来很可怕，但仍凭借极致的美景成为加州著名的州立公园之一)”可知，死亡谷国家公园夏季的气温可达120华氏度。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据THINGSTODO部分的描述“ToreachthePark’spopularattractions,suchasDevilsGolfCourseandNaturalBridgeCanyon,youcouldbeginexploringtheparkfromthecentrallocation,whichistheFurnaceCreek.(想要前往公园的热门景点，如魔鬼高尔夫球场和天然桥峡谷，你可以从公园的中心位置——炉溪开始游览)”可知，探索死亡谷国家公园热门景点的中心起点是炉溪。故选A。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据THINGSTOREMEMBER部分的描述“UponexploringthePark,takenotethatyourdestinationsarelocatedindifferentareas,andusefulfacilitiesareonlyavailablewhenyouarealonghighway.(游览公园时，要注意你的目的地分布在不同区域，而且实用设施只有在公路沿线才能找到)”可知，游客游览死亡谷国家公园时需要注意公园的景点分布在不同的区域。故选C。BItishardtosayIwasarunneryearsago.ThelongestIhadeverrunwas5km.What’smore,Ididn’tlikerunning.NomatterhowhardItried,everysooftenIwouldfastenmyoldshoes,walkoutofthehousewithheavysteps,getlessthanamileinandwonderwhyIwasbothering,especiallywhenthereweremanymoresatisfyingwaysofexercising.Beforelastsummer,Ihadnevertakenpartinanykindofraceatall.ButattheendofJuly,Icompletedatriathlon(铁人三项)aftertwoweeks’training.Attheendofitcametherun—whichendedupmorelikeawalk.ThenIrealizedsomethingaboutitattractedme.TheextremelypainfulfunofdoingsomethingIhatedandwasunpreparedforturnedouttobeanexcitement.Thedifficultyfeltlikesomethingtotestmyabilities.WhenaninvitationtotheBerlinMarathondroppedontomydeskafewweeksafterthetriathlon,itfeltlikeachangeoffate.Afterthetriathlon,Ididn’trushtostartrunningregularly.WasitbecauseIhaterunning?Onthecontrary,inthecourseofrunningIenjoyedthethrillofexceeding(超越)mylimits.Ifeltitnecessarytofindoutagainwherethoselimitsmightlie.SoIsaidyes.Trainingforamarathonoftentakesatleast20weeks.Thetrainingplanhasbecomesomethingtoeasemyworrieswhentheraceseemstoofrightening.Thisworryfeelsimpossibletoavoid,butthereissomethingequallysureaboutthetrainingplan:ifIfollowit,thenIhavedoneeverythingIcan;ifIdoeverythingIcan,thenIwon’tregretwhatcomesattheend.4.Whydidtheauthoroftengiveuprunningwithinamileinthepast?A.Hefoundrunninglessenjoyable. B.Hisoldshoesweren’tsuitableforrunning.C.Hewasafraidoffailinginrunning. D.Hefelthisstepsheavywhenrunning.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’striathlonexperience?A.Hespentmorethantwoweekspreparingforit.B.Therunningpartofitwascompletedmainlybywalking.C.Itmadehimrealizehewasborntobearunner.6.WhatmadetheauthoraccepttheBerlinMarathoninvitation?A.Thedesiretoprovehisrunningabilitytoothers. B.Theconfidencegainedfromcompletingthetriathlon.C.Thepleasureofpushingbeyondhisownlimits. D.Thehopeofavoidingregretinthefuture.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.FromaNon-runnertoaMarathonChallenger. B.ThePainandFunofLong-distanceRunning.C.HowtoPrepareforaMarathonasaBeginner. D.MyFirstTriathlonExperienceChangedMyLife.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者原本不喜欢跑步、最长只跑过5公里，却在参加铁人三项后，被突破自我的快感吸引，进而接受柏林马拉松邀请并开始备战的经历，展现了作者从排斥跑步到挑战马拉松的转变过程。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“NomatterhowhardItried,everysooftenIwouldfastenmyoldshoes,walkoutofthehousewithheavysteps,getlessthanamileinandwonderwhyIwasbothering,especiallywhenthereweremanymoresatisfyingwaysofexercising(无论我多努力尝试，我常常会系好旧跑鞋，迈着沉重的步伐走出家门，跑不到一英里就开始疑惑自己何苦费这个劲，尤其是当时还有很多更令人满意的锻炼方式)”可知，作者过去跑不到一英里就放弃，是因为他觉得跑步不如其他锻炼方式有趣。故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ButattheendofJuly,Icompletedatriathlon(铁人三项)aftertwoweeks’training.Attheendofitcametherun—whichendedupmorelikeawalk(但在七月底，经过两周的训练，我完成了一场铁人三项。赛事的最后一项是跑步——而那段路程我最终几乎是走下来的)”可知，作者在铁人三项的跑步环节基本是靠走路完成的。故选B。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterthetriathlon,Ididn’trushtostartrunningregularly.WasitbecauseIhaterunning?Onthecontrary,inthecourseofrunningIenjoyedthethrillofexceeding(超越)mylimits.Ifeltitnecessarytofindoutagainwherethoselimitsmightlie.SoIsaidyes(铁人三项结束后，我并没有急于规律跑步。难道是因为我讨厌跑步吗？恰恰相反，在跑步的过程中，我体会到了超越自身极限的快感。我觉得有必要再次探寻自己的极限在哪里。于是我接受了邀请)”可知，作者接受柏林马拉松邀请的原因是享受突破自身极限的乐趣。故选C。【7题详析】主旨大意题。文章开篇点明作者过去不喜欢跑步、跑步距离极短，接着讲述他参加铁人三项的经历以及从中感受到的突破极限的快感，最后说明他因此接受柏林马拉松的邀请并开始备战。全文围绕作者从一个不跑步的人转变为马拉松挑战者的过程展开。选项A“从一个不跑步的人到马拉松挑战者”精准概括了文章的核心叙事线索，符合主题，适合用作标题。故选A。CScientistsareenlistingsomespecialparticipantsintheireffortstopredictearthquakes,volcaniceruptionsandothernaturalevents.Amongtheseparticipantsarethousandsofdogs,goats,andotherfarmyardanimals,whichareinvolvedinstudiesmonitoringtheirmovementsfromspace.Theprogrammeusestinytrackingdevices(装置)thatarefittedtomammals,birdsandinsects.Thedetailedmovementsofthesecreatureswillthenbemonitoredfromaspecialsatellitethatwillbelaunchedintospacenextyear.Theaimistostudyhowtheyreacttooncomingnaturaleventslikevolcaniceruptions.“ThevalueofstudyinganimalswithmarkershasalreadybeenshowninearlyexperimentsonMountEtna,”saidWikelski,theprojectleader,lastweek.“Wehavefoundthebehaviourofgoatsisprettygoodatpredictinglargevolcaniceruptions.”Sensorshaveshowntheanimalsbecomenervousbeforeaneruptionandrefusetomovetohighergrasslandsthattheywouldnormallybehappytovisit.“Theyknowbeforehandwhatiscoming.Wedon’tknowhowtheydoit,buttheydo.”saidWikelski.Storiesofanimalsbehavingstrangelybeforeearthquakesoreruptionsarenotnew.TheGreekhistorianThucydidesclaimedthatmice,dogsandsnakesdesertedthecityofHelicejustbeforeanearthquakestruckin373BC.Similarly,the1975HaichengearthquakeinChinaoccurredaftersnakesandmicewerewitnessedleavingtheircaves.“Whytheseanimalsbehavedthiswayislessclear,butunderstandinghowcreaturesreacttogeologicalchangesisjustoneinterestingpartofthistechnologicalchange”,saidWikelski.“Forinstance,wecanalsosurveywildlifehealthfromspace,”hesaid.Anexampleisprovidedbyelectronicearmarkersthathavebeenattachedtowildpigs.Fromchangesinananimal’smovements,thesemarkersshowthatifawildpigdevelopsAfricanswinefever(ASF),thediseasespreads.easilybetweenwildpigsandfarmpigs.Knowingwhenadiseaseoutbreakoccursinthewildcouldbeimportantforreducingthedisease’simpactonfarms.“Thisisagame-changerforwildlifediseasemonitoring,”saidKevinMorelle,ascientistbasedattheMaxPlanckInstitute.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?A.Weareunsureofanimals’reactionbuttheyreact.B.Wecan’tstudyanimals’movementsbuttheymove.C.Wecan’tunderstandanimals’behaviorbuttheybehave.D.Wedon’tknowanimals’predictionmethodbuttheycanpredict.9.WhyarethecitiesofHeliceandHaichengmentionedinparagraph4?A.Todescribecitydisasters. B.Toshowhistoricalrecords.C.Toproveanimalearlywarnings. D.Tocomparedifferentearthquakes.10.What’sthepotentialapplicationofanimal-diseasestudy?A.Guessinghowdiseasesmightspreadbetweenwildanimalsandfarmanimals.B.Stoppinganimaldiseasesfromstartingbychangingwheretheanimalslive.C.Protectingfarmanimalsbydiscoveringwhendiseasesspreadfromwildanimals.D.Studyinghowsickanimalsmovetomakenewwaystotreattheirdiseases.11.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Othernaturaleventstopredict. B.Furtherusesoftheanimalstudies.C.Moreexamplesofanimalbehaviors. D.Newmethodsofsatellitemonitoring.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家正借助狗、山羊等动物参与预测地震、火山爆发等自然灾害的研究，通过给动物安装追踪装置并从太空监测其活动，探究它们对自然灾害的反应；同时提及动物在灾害前异常行为的历史记载，以及该研究在野生动物疾病监测方面的额外应用。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段前文““Wehavefoundthebehaviourofgoatsisprettygoodatpredictinglargevolcaniceruptions.”Sensorshaveshowntheanimalsbecomenervousbeforeaneruptionandrefusetomovetohighergrasslandsthattheywouldnormallybehappytovisit(“我们发现山羊的行为非常擅长预测大型火山爆发。”传感器显示，这些动物在火山爆发前会变得紧张，并且拒绝前往它们通常乐于去的较高草原)”可知，此处是在说明动物能预测火山爆发这一现象。划线句“Wedon’tknowhowtheydoit,buttheydo”中，“it”指代前文的“预测火山爆发”，因此该句意为“我们不知道动物是如何预测火山爆发的，但它们确实能做到”。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Storiesofanimalsbehavingstrangelybeforeearthquakesoreruptionsarenotnew(动物在地震或火山爆发前行为异常的故事并不新鲜)”可知，该段后续提及的赫利斯城和海城的例子“TheGreekhistorianThucydidesclaimedthatmice,dogsandsnakesdesertedthecityofHelicejustbeforeanearthquakestruckin373BC.Similarly,the1975HaichengearthquakeinChinaoccurredaftersnakesandmicewerewitnessedleavingtheircaves.(希腊历史学家Thucydides声称，就在公元前373年地震发生之前，老鼠、狗和蛇逃离了赫利斯城。类似地，1975年中国海城地震发生时，人们看到蛇和老鼠离开洞穴。)”等都是为了佐证这一观点，即证明动物在自然灾害前会发出早期预警。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Fromchangesinananimal’smovements,thesemarkersshowthatifawildpigdevelopsAfricanswinefever(ASF),thediseasespreadseasilybetweenwildpigsandfarmpigs.Knowingwhenadiseaseoutbreakoccursinthewildcouldbeimportantforreducingthedisease’simpactonfarms.(通过动物活动的变化，这些标记显示，如果野猪感染了非洲猪瘟，这种疾病很容易在野猪和家猪之间传播。了解野生动物中疾病爆发的时间，对减少疾病对农场的影响可能很重要)”可知，动物疾病研究的潜在应用是通过发现疾病从野生动物传播的时间来保护农场动物。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。文章前文介绍了利用动物预测自然灾害的研究、相关历史案例，以及该研究在野生动物疾病监测中的应用，最后一段中引用科学家的话“Thisisagame-changerforwildlifediseasemonitoring(这将改变野生动物疾病监测的游戏规则)”称其为“野生动物疾病监测的变革者”。结合全文围绕“动物研究的应用”展开的逻辑，作者接下来可能会继续探讨这类动物研究的其他进一步用途。故选B。DThereare7,000languagescurrentlyspokenworldwide,withEnglishbeingthemostwidelyused—around1.35billionpeoplespeakit,buthalfofthemcouldbeendangered,accordingtoanewstudy.Itispredictedthat1,500knownlanguagesmaynolongerbespokenbytheendofthiscentury.ResearchersfromTheAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU)analyzedthousandsoflanguagestorecognizefactorsthatputendangeredonesatrisk.Thefindingshighlightaconnectionbetweenwidespreadformalschoolingandlanguageloss,asthemainlanguagestaughtinclassoftenmakelocallanguageslessimportantAsecondfactorcausingthethreattoendangeredlanguagesisthedensity(密度)ofroadsinanarea.Whilecommunicationwithotherlanguagecommunitiescanhelppreservelocallanguages,increasedconnectiontothewiderworldmaynotdoso.“Wefoundthatthemoreroadsthereare,connectingcountrytocity,andvillagestotowns,thehighertheriskoflanguagesbeingendangered.It’sasifroadsarehelpingmainlanguagestakeoverothersmallerlanguages,”saidProfessorLindellBronham,oneoftheresearchersofthestudy.Cantechnologyhelpsavelocallanguages?Whilepaststudieshavepointedouttechnologyiscontributingtothedeclineofsomelocallanguages—byfocusingattentiononafewmajorlanguagesattheexpenseofsmallerones—today’stechnologycouldholdanewsolution.WhiletherearewebsitesandappstohelplearnerspickupwidelyspokenlanguagessuchasSpanish,EnglishandChinese,somehavebeenredesignedtoteachorpreserveendangeredones.Ma!Iwaidja,forexample,isanappthatenablesthoseworkingwithspeakersoftheIwaidjalocalAustralianlanguagetorecordwordsandtranslations.Italsoincludesadictionaryandawordmakertohelpusersmastergrammarandvocabulary.12.What’sonereasonforthelossoflanguagesaccordingtothefindings?A.Lackofnativespeakers. B.Lackofschooleducation.C.Impactofmajorlanguages. D.Schoolteachingofmajorlanguages.13.WhichofthefollowingmightBronhamagreewith?A.Roadshelppreservelocallanguages.B.Theincreaseinroadsdoesharmtoendangeredlanguages.C.Roadsinthecountrysidehelpendangeredlanguagessurvive.D.Contactwithotherlanguagescanprotectendangeredlanguages.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstechnologyinsavinglocallanguages?A.Curious. B.Doubtful. C.Favorable, D.Unclear.15.Whatisthemainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toanalyzethecausesoflanguagelossandapossiblesolution.B.TodiscussthenecessityofpromotingeducationalequalityC.Tohighlighttheimportanceoflearningmorelanguages.D.ToexplainwhyEnglishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguage.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章指出全球现存7000种语言，其中半数可能面临濒危风险，分析了导致语言消亡的两大因素，即主流语言主导的正规教育以及地区道路密度提升，同时介绍了技术手段为保护濒危语言提供的新解决方案。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thefindingshighlightaconnectionbetweenwidespreadformalschoolingandlanguageloss,asthemainlanguagestaughtinclassoftenmakelocallanguageslessimportant(研究结果强调了普及的正规教育与语言消亡之间的关联，因为课堂上教授的主流语言往往会让本土语言变得不那么重要)”可知，学校教授主流语言是造成语言消亡的原因之一。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Wefoundthatthemoreroadsthereare,connectingcountrytocity,andvillagestotowns,thehighertheriskoflanguagesbeingendangered.It’sasifroadsarehelpingmainlanguagestakeoverothersmallerlanguages(我们发现，连接城乡、村镇的道路越多，语言面临濒危的风险就越高。仿佛道路在帮助主流语言取代其他小众语言)”可推知，Bronham认为道路数量的增加会对濒危语言造成损害。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Cantechnologyhelpsavelocallanguages?Whilepaststudieshavepointedouttechnologyiscontributingtothedeclineofsomelocallanguages—byfocusingattentiononafewmajorlanguagesattheexpenseofsmallerones—today’stechnologycouldholdanewsolution(技术能帮助拯救本土语言吗？虽然以往的研究指出，技术曾因将关注度集中在少数几种主流语言上、忽视小众语言而导致部分本土语言走向衰落，但如今的技术或许能提供新的解决方案)”可推知，作者对技术在拯救本土语言方面的作用持支持态度。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。文章开篇提出全球语言濒危的现状，接着分析了导致语言消亡的两大原因，最后介绍了技术手段为保护濒危语言提供的可行方案。全文围绕“语言消亡的原因”和“对应的解决办法”展开。由此推知，文章目的是分析语言消亡的原因并提供一种可能的解决方案。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoMakeSmallTalkCasualconversationsareagreatwaytoconnectwithothers,butknowinghowtostartandkeepthemgoingsmoothlycanbetricky.Herearesomeusefultipstohelpyou.Offerafriendlygreetingorintroductiontostarttheconversation.____16____Ifyou’reseeingsomeoneyoualreadyknow,justsayhelloandgreetthembytheirname.Thisissimpleanddirectandletsthepersonknowyou’reexcitedtotalk.Ifyoudon’tknowtheperson,introduceyourselffirstsoyoufeelmoreconfidentandincontroloftheconversation.Keepyourbodylanguagefriendlyandopen.Whilechatting,alwaysmakeyourselfseemapproachable.____17____Avoidcrossingyourarms,puttingyourhandsinyourpockets,andslumpingyourshoulders,whichreadasdefensiveornervouspostures.Aimtomakeaconnectionwiththepersonyou’retalkingto.____18____Iftheysaysomethingthatremindsyouofyourownexperiences,offeracommentaftertheotherpersonfinishesspeaking.Ifyouhearsomethingthatinterestsyou,askthemformoreinformation.Trytojumponanysubjecttheotherpersonbringsupthatyoualsohaveexperiencewith.Horsebackriding,travelspots,musicartists-aslongasit’slightheartedandformsaconnectionit’safairgameKeepthingslightandpositive,andavoidserioustopics.Smalltalkisjustthat-small.Tokeeptheatmosphererelaxing,avoidsuchtopicsaspolitics,religion,andrelationships.____19____.Instead,sticktoeverydaythingslikeweather.Letthepausesintheconversationpassbynaturally.Whenyou’regettingtoknowsomeone,anawkwardsilenceeverynowandthenisbasicallyunavoidable.Don’tfeellikeyouhavetofilleverygapandpauseintheconversation-it’sbesttoletthosepausesbreathealittle.____20____Thankthemforchattingtoendtheconversation.Thankthepersonfortalkingandsaygoodbye.Ifitwentwell,offertohangoutagain,orsayyoulookforwardtorunningintothemlater.Youmightevenaskfortheircontactinformation.A.Thesetopicsoftencauseunnecessarytensionorarguments.B.Payattentiontotheotherperson’swordsandtoneforrealconnection.C.Thewayyoustarttheconversationdependsonwhetheryouknowthepersonornot.D.Makeeyecontact,standstraight,andrelaxyourshoulderstoshowopenness.E.Whentheconversationslows,takeadeepbreath,andthinkofarelevantquestiontocontinue.F.Leadingeverypartoftheconversationisessentialtoavoiduncomfortablemoments.G.Sharingyourownrelatedstoriesproperlycanstrengthentheconnectionyou’rebuilding.【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.A20.E【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章从开启对话、肢体语言、建立共鸣、话题选择、应对沉默、结束对话六个方面，给出了进行闲聊的实用技巧。【16题详析】下文“Ifyou’reseeingsomeoneyoualreadyknow,justsayhelloandgreetthembytheirname.Thisissimpleanddirectandletsthepersonknowyou’reexcitedtotalk.Ifyoudon’tknowtheperson,introduceyourselffirstsoyoufeelmoreconfidentandincontroloftheconversation.(如果你见到的是已经认识的人，只需打个招呼并叫出对方的名字。这种方式简单直接，能让对方知道你很乐意和他聊天。如果你不认识这个人，先自我介绍，这样你会更自信，也能更好地掌控对话。)”分别介绍了对已经认识的人、不认识的人两种不同的闲聊开启方式。C项“开启对话的方式取决于你是否认识对方。”作为该段主旨句，精准概括下文核心内容，“whetheryouknowthepersonornot”与下文的“someoneyoualreadyknow”和“don’tknowtheperson”直接呼应，符合段落主旨。故选C。【17题详析】上文“Keepyourbodylanguagefriendlyandopen.(保持肢体语言友好且开放。)”是该段主题句，下文“Avoidcrossingyourarms,puttingyourhandsinyourpockets,andslumpingyourshoulders,whichreadasdefensiveornervouspostures.(避免抱臂、插兜和含胸驼背，这些姿势会显得有防备心或紧张。)”列举了需要避免的肢体动作。D项“进行眼神交流，站直身体，放松肩膀，以此展现开放的态度。”承接上文，给出了友好开放肢体语言的具体做法，“showopenness”呼应主题句，同时与下文的负面例子形成对比，逻辑连贯。故选D。【18题详析】上文“Aimtomakeaconnectionwiththepersonyou’retalkingto.(努力与交谈对象建立共鸣。)”是该段主题句，下文“Iftheysaysomethingthatremindsyouofyourownexperiences,offeracommentaftertheotherpersonfinishesspeaking.Ifyouhearsomethingthatinterestsyou,askthemformoreinformation.Trytojumponanysubjecttheotherpersonbringsupthatyoualsohaveexperiencewith.Horsebackriding,travelspots,musicartists-aslongasit’slightheartedandformsaconnectionit’safairgame.(如果对方说的话让你想起了自己的经历，等对方说完后发表看法。如果你听到了感兴趣的内容，向对方询问更多细节。尽量抓住对方提出的任何你也有相关经历的话题。骑马、旅行景点、音乐歌手——只要话题轻松且能建立共鸣，都是合适的选择。)”给出了建立共鸣的具体方法。B项“关注对方的话语和语气，以此建立真正的共鸣。”承接上文，点明了建立共鸣的前提是关注对方，“realconnection”呼应主题句，同时引出下文的具体做法，贴合段落逻辑。故选B。【19题详析】上文“Keepthingslightandpositive,andavoidserioustopics.Smalltalkisjustthat-small.Tokeeptheatmosphererelaxing,avoidsuchtopicsaspolitics,religion,andrelationships.(保持话题轻松积极，避免严肃话题。闲聊本就是轻松随意的交流。为了让氛围更放松，要避开政治、宗教和人际关系这类话题。)”指出闲聊要避开严肃话题，下文“Instead,sticktoeverydaythingslikeweather.(相反，要聚焦天气这类日常话题。)”给出了合适的闲聊话题。A项“这些话题往往会引发不必要的紧张或争论。”承接上文，解释了为何要避开政治、宗教等话题，“thesetopics”指代上文的“politics,religion,andrelationships”，同时为下文“聚焦日常话题”的建议做铺垫，符合语境。故选A。【20题详析】上文“Letthepausesintheconversationpassbynaturally.Whenyou’regettingtoknowsomeone,anawkwardsilenceeverynowandthenisbasicallyunavoidable.Don’tfeellikeyouhavetofilleverygapandpauseintheconversation-it’sbesttoletthosepausesbreathealittle.(让对话中的停顿自然过渡。当你刚认识一个人时，偶尔出现尴尬的沉默基本上是不可避免的。不必非要填补对话中的每一个空白和停顿——最好给这些停顿一些缓冲的空间。)”强调了要坦然应对闲聊中的沉默，E项“当对话节奏变慢时，深呼吸，想出一个相关的问题来延续对话。”承接上文，给出了沉默出现时的合理应对方法。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Akindactisoftenitsownreward.Johnny’slifewaschangedforeveroverasingleactofkindnesstoayoungwomanwhowas____21____inthesuburb(郊区)ofPhiladelphia.KateMcClurewasvery____22____whenhercarranoutofgasonenightinthesuburb.Itwaslateandtherewerenotaxisavailablenearby.What’sworse,shehadnophonesignaltocallfor____23____.Withnootherwaytoreachthegasstationmilesaway,shewasthinkingaboutwhethertohiketothegasstationwhenshe____24____ahomelessmanwhowaswalkinguptohercar.____25____ofwhattodo,shestayedinsidehercarashecameup.Hegentlyknockedonherwindowandaskedina____26____voice,“Areyouokay?Doesyourcarhaveaproblem?”Kate,stillalittlenervous,noddedandtoldhimhertrouble.Yetshecouldneverhave____27____whathappenednext.Whenherealizedher____28____,thehomelessman,JohnnyBobbitt,toldhercalmly,“Don’tworry.Waithere,andI’llgogetsomegasforyou.”Thenhewalkedthreekilometerstothenearestgasstationandcamebackwithafilledgascan.Hehad____29____allhismoneyonhandtobuyhergas.AndKatedidnotevenhavemoneytopayhimbackthatnight.Buthedidnot____30____it,happytoseeherdriveoffsafely.Katedecidedto____31____thiskindness.She____32____adonation(捐赠)activity,hopingtoraisearound$10,000forhim.____33____,strangersraised$400,000forJohnnyinonemonth.Themoneyhashelpedbuyanewhouseforhimandhealsogotthetruckhehadalways____34____“IjustdidwhatIthoughtwasright;Iwasn’texpectinganything____35____.”Johnnycontinued,“Thismoneywasgiventohelpme,butIwanttousetherestofittohelpotherpeopleinneed.”21.A.attacked B.trapped C.confused D.lost22.A.frightened B.surprised C.excited D.embarrassed23.A.service B.rest C.help D.support24.A.found B.noticed C.observed D.caught25.A.Unprepared B.Unaware C.Unconfident D.Unsure26.A.soft B.clear C.sharp D.sweet27.A.prevented B.changed C.requested D.expected28.A.situation B.background C.plan D.destination29.A.rewarded B.donated C.saved D.used30.A.find B.refuse C.mind D.forget31.A.report B.team C.repay D.accept32.A.liftup B.setup C.madeup D.pickedup33.A.Undoubtedly B.Naturally C.Amazingly D.Obviously34.A.demanded B.desired C.begged D.admired35.A.inexchange B.inpayment C.bymistake D.inreturn【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.D26.A27.D28.A29.D30.C31.C32.B33.C34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了流浪汉JohnnyBobbitt用身上所有的钱帮助汽车没油被困的KateMcClure，Kate为了回报这份善意发起募捐活动，最终为Johnny筹得巨额捐款，而Johnny也打算用剩余的钱继续帮助他人的暖心故事。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Johnny的人生因一个小小的善举而彻底改变，他帮助了一位被困在费城郊区的年轻女性。A.attacked攻击；B.trapped困住；C.confused使困惑；D.lost迷路。根据后文“hercarranoutofgasonenightinthesuburb”和“therewerenotaxisavailablenearby”等信息可知，这位女士因汽车没油且求助无门而陷入困境，故选B。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，KateMcClure的车在郊区没油了，她非常害怕。A.frightened害怕的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.excited兴奋的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“Itwaslateandtherewerenotaxisavailablenearby”以及后文她看到流浪汉时“stayedinsidehercar”的反应，可知深夜被困郊区让她心生恐惧，故选A。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟的是，她的手机没有信号，无法打电话求助。A.service服务；B.rest休息；C.help帮助；D.support支持。根据前文“hercarranoutofgasonenightinthesuburb.Itwaslateandtherewerenotaxisavailablenearby.”可知，处于汽车没油、又没有出租车的困境，她需要打电话寻求帮助，故选C。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于无法通过其他方式抵达数英里外的加油站，她正考虑要不要步行去几英里外的加油站，这时她注意到一个流浪汉正朝她的车走来。A.found发现；B.noticed注意到；C.observed观察；D.caught抓住。根据语境和后文“ahomelessmanwhowaswalkinguptohercar”可知，她是在思考办法的过程中偶然看到流浪汉走近，“noticed”强调无意间看到的动作，比“found”更贴合当时的情景，故选B。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不知道该怎么办，当他走近时，她一直待在车里。A.Unprepared无准备的；B.Unaware未察觉的；C.Unconfident不自信的；D.Unsure不确定的。根据前文她被困后的无助状态，以及看到流浪汉时的紧张反应，可知她此时不知道该如何应对，“unsureofwhattodo”为常用表达，意为“不知道该做什么”，故选D。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他轻轻敲了敲车窗，用温和的声音问道：“你还好吗？你的车是不是出问题了？”A.soft温和的，柔和的；B.clear清晰的；C.sharp尖锐的；D.sweet甜美的。根据前文“Hegentlyknockedonherwindow”的动作，可知他的语气是温和的，意在安抚她的情绪，“soft”能体现声音的轻柔，故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她万万没有想到接下来会发生的事。A.prevented阻止；B.changed改变；C.requested要求；D.expected预料。根据后文““Don’tworry.Waithere,andI’llgogetsomegasforyou.”Thenhewalkedthreekilometerstothenearestgasstationandcamebackwithafilledgascan.”可知，流浪汉步行三公里帮她买汽油的行为，可知这件事超出了她的预料，“couldneverhaveexpected”意为“万万没想到”，故选D。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这位名叫JohnnyBobbitt的流浪汉意识到她的处境后，平静地对她说：“别担心，在这儿等着，我去给你买点汽油。”A.situation处境；B.background背景；C.plan计划；D.destination目的地。根据前文“toldhimhertrouble”可知，Kate向他说明自己汽车没油的困境，他了解了Kate的处境，故选A。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用身上所有的钱给她买了汽油。A.rewarded奖励；B.donated捐赠；C.saved节省；D.used使用。根据后文“allhismoneyonhandtobuyhergas”可知，他拿出了自己手头所有的钱来买汽油，“used”表示“使用”，符合动作描述，故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他并不在意，很高兴看到她安全开车离开。A.find发现；B.refuse拒绝；C.mind在意；D.forget忘记。根据前文他主动帮Kate买汽油，以及后文“happytoseeherdriveoffsafely”，可知他并不在乎Kate当时能否还钱，故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kate决定回报这份善意。A.report报道；B.team合作；C.repay回报；D.accept接受。根据后文“Sheadonation(捐赠)activity,hopingtoraisearound$10,000forhim.”可知，她发起募捐活动为Johnny筹钱的行为，可知她想要报答Johnny