福建厦门某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1福建厦门某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOloloFarmTourIfyou’relookingtoescapefromthenoiseofcitylife,theOlolofarmtourpackageinKenyawilloffertheperfectdayforfamiliesandgroups.Discoverthesecretofourfarmingpractices,seefirsthandhowourfreshproduceisgrownandharvesteddaily,andgaininsightintothejourneyfromfieldtofork.Youwillalsoenjoyvisitingourgreenhouses,whereyoucanidentifyvariousherbs,vegetables,andseasonalfruits.Ololofeaturesitsenvironmentally-friendlyfarmingtechniques,includingtheproductionofourorganicfertilizer“OloloWormTea.”100%ofkitchenandfoodwasteiseitherfedtotheOlolochickensorforfertilizeruseinthefarm.Wearepassionateaboutfarminginbalancewithnatureandregeneratingtheenvironmentinwhichweareabletogrowthemostnutritiousfood,fromourfarmtoyourtable!AtOlolo,wepreparesetmenusforthedaybasedonwhatisfreshandseasonalinourfarm.AllchickenandduckmeatisgrownatOloloaswellasourfreshflavouredeggs.Adayvisitincludesa2-courselunch,aguidedwalkonthefarm,anduseofthepool.OpeningHoursMakingreservationsinadvanceisamust.TherearetwooptionsdailyeveryMondaytoSaturday:morningtourthenlunchorlunchthenafternoontour.PriceKidsunder5$11/personKidsaged5-16$19/personPeopleaged16+$30/personContactasnowEmail:info@olololodge.comPhone:+2547088448181.WhatcanvisitorsdoontheOlolofarm?A.Helpwiththefieldwork. B.Learnaboutfarmingpractices.C.Growvegetablesandfruits. D.Harvestherbsinthegreenhouse.2.WhatisspecialabouttheOlolofarm?A.Itrequiresnobooking. B.Itoffersafarm-to-tablecookingclass.C.Itusesnaturalfertilizers. D.Itservesmealswithimportedproduce.3.Howmuchwillacouplewithachildaged13payforthetour?A.$49. B.$60. C.$79. D.$90.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Ololo农场的旅游套餐信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Discoverthesecretofourfarmingpractices,seefirsthandhowourfreshproduceisgrownandharvesteddaily,andgaininsightintothejourneyfromfieldtofork.(发现我们农业实践的秘密，亲眼看到我们的新鲜农产品是如何种植和收获的，并深入了解从田地到餐桌的旅程。)”可知，游客可以在Ololo农场了解耕作方法。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Ololofeaturesitsenvironmentally-friendlyfarmingtechniques,includingtheproductionofourorganicfertilizer“OloloWormTea.”(Ololo以其环保的农业技术为特色，包括生产我们的有机肥料“OloloWormTea”。)”可知，Ololo农场的特别之处在于它使用天然肥料。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。由文章Price部分“Peopleaged16+(16岁及以上人士)”、“$30/person(30美元/人)”和“Kidsaged5-16(5-16岁的儿童)”、“$19/person(19美元/人)”可知，16岁以上的人每人30美元，5-16岁的孩子每人19美元，因此一对夫妇和一个13岁的孩子共需支付：30+30+19=79(美元)。故选C。B“Myfatherwasaphysicist.Mymother’sanastronomer.I’mnotgoingtolie,butnokidwantstobeliketheirparents,”shejokes,semi-seriously.However,itwaswritteninsomesensethatSophieBlake,aphysicsprofessor,wouldendupinobservationalcosmology—thestudyoftheoriginanddevelopmentoftheuniverseusingspecializedtelescopes.Blakealwaysenjoyedbuildingthingslikeachildengineer.Itwasn’tunusualforhertoexperimentwithherfather’sresearchequipment.Shethanks,inpart,hershortattentionspanforherinquisitiveness.“Iamalwayslookingforsomething.”Initially,BlakeplannedaPhDinparticle(粒子)physicsbutswitcheddirectionafteravisittoalabwithequipmentandtoolsscatteringeverywhereattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.“Ididn’tknowaboutobservationalcosmologythenbutthought,‘Whateverthisis,Iwanttodothat.’”ShespentayearattheAmundsen-ScottSouthPoleStation,afterconductingexperimentsofaballoon-bornemicrowavetelescopelaunchedfromMcMurdo.“Thatreallyinspiredmyloveforremoteplaces,”shesaid.AfterspendingayearattheSouthPole,shejoinedtheUniversityofKwaZulu-NatalinSouthAfrica.Atthattime,thesitedecisionwasmadeforthelargestradiotelescopegrouponEarth.Eventually,shewantedtoengineerherowninstruments.Forthelastfewyears,Blakehasbeensearchingforsignsoftheuniverse’searlyexistence—fromthebirthofthefirststarstothe“cosmic(宇宙的)darkages”—andshe’sbuildingherownequipmenttoexplorebeyondtheknownuniverse,focusingonitsdistantpastwithnovelradiotechnology.Since2017,BlakeandherteamhavebeenengineeringandplantingradiotelescopesintwooftheEarth’smostremote(andquietest)locationsforthebestshotathearingtheearliestvoiceoftheuniverse.“Thiswasaleapoffaith,”Blakerecalls.“IhadneverdoneradiobeforebutIthought,‘Letmegivethisatryandseehowitgoes.’”4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Blakefollowedinherparents’footsteps.B.Blakedevelopedaninterestintimetravel.C.Blakeliedaboutherparents’professions.D.Blakeliveduptoherparents’expectations5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inquisitiveness”inparagraph2mean?A.Talent. B.Courage. C.Curiosity. D.Intelligence.6.WhatstimulatedBlake’spassionfordistantplaces?A.Hervisittoalabinauniversity.B.Herwishtobuildherownequipment.C.Herfaithinhearingthecosmicsound.D.HerexperienceataSouthPoleStation.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBlake?A.Confidentandcaring. B.Generousandoptimistic.C.Modestandopen-minded. D.Adventurousandinnovative.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍物理学家索菲·布莱克的成长经历、研究方向转变以及她探索宇宙早期奥秘的科研历程。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However,itwaswritteninsomesensethatSophieBlake,aphysicsprofessor,wouldendupinobservationalcosmology—thestudyoftheoriginanddevelopmentoftheuniverseusingspecializedtelescopes.(然而，从某种意义上来说，物理学教授索菲·布莱克最终投身于观测宇宙学——也就是利用专业望远镜研究宇宙起源与演化的学科——仿佛是命中注定的。)”可知，布莱克最终走上了和父母相似的科研道路。故选A项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Iamalwayslookingforsomething.(我总是在寻找新的事物。)”可知，她总是充满好奇，不断寻找新的事物，因此“inquisitiveness”意为“好奇心”与“curiosity”意义相近。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ShespentayearattheAmundsen-ScottSouthPoleStation,afterconductingexperimentsofaballoon-bornemicrowavetelescopelaunchedfromMcMurdo.“Thatreallyinspiredmyloveforremoteplaces,”shesaid.(在麦克默多站完成了气球搭载微波望远镜的实验后，她在阿蒙森-斯科特南极站工作了一年。“那段经历真的让我爱上了偏远之地。”她说。)”可知，在南极站的经历激发了她对偏远地区的热情。故选D项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中的“ShespentayearattheAmundsen-ScottSouthPoleStation,afterconductingexperimentsofaballoon-bornemicrowavetelescopelaunchedfromMcMurdo.((在麦克默多站完成了气球搭载微波望远镜的实验后，她在阿蒙森-斯科特南极站工作了一年。)”、倒数第二段中的“Forthelastfewyears,Blakehasbeensearchingforsignsoftheuniverse’searlyexistence—fromthebirthofthefirststarstothe“cosmic(宇宙的)darkages”—andshe’sbuildingherownequipmenttoexplorebeyondtheknownuniverse,focusingonitsdistantpastwithnovelradiotechnology.(过去几年，布莱克一直在探寻宇宙早期存在的痕迹——从第一批恒星的诞生到“宇宙黑暗时代”。她还亲手研制设备，利用新颖的射电技术，探索已知宇宙之外的世界，聚焦宇宙遥远的过去。)”以及最后一段中的““Thiswasaleapoffaith,”Blakerecalls.(“这是一次信念的飞跃。”布莱克回忆道。)”可知，布莱克敢于前往南极等偏远地区，勇于尝试新的研究领域并自主研发设备，因此，她是富有冒险精神和创新精神的。故选D项。CFordecades,scientiststhoughtofthebrainasthemostvaluableandconsequentlymostcloselyguardedpartofthebody.Lockedsafelybehindtheblood-brainbarrier,itwasbroadlyfreeoftheharmofvirusesandthebattlesstartedbytheimmunesystem(免疫系统).Then,about20yearsago,someresearchersbegantowonder:isthebrainreallysoseparatedfromthebody?Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingbodyofevidence,isno.Thelistofbrainconditionsthathavebeenassociatedwithchangeselsewhereinthebodyislongandgrowing.ChangesinthemakeupofthemicroorganismsinthedigestivesystemhavebeenlinkedtodisorderssuchasParkinson’sdisease.Thereisalsoatheorythatinfectionduringpregnancycouldleadtobraindiseasesinbabies.Theeffectistwo-way.Thereisalengtheninglistofsymptomsnottypicallyviewedasdisordersofthenervoussystem,butthebrainplaysalargepartinthem.Forexample,thedevelopmentofafeverisinfluencedbyapopulationofnervecellsthatcontrolbodytemperatureandappetite.Evidenceismountingthatcancersusenervestogrowandspread.Theinterconnectionbetweenthebrainandbodyhaspromisingimplicationsforourabilitytobothunderstandandtreatillnesses.Ifsomebraindisordersstartoutsidethebrain,thenperhapstreatmentsforthemcouldalsoreachinfromoutside.Treatmentsthattakeeffectthroughthedigestivesystem,theheartorotherorgans,wouldbemucheasierandlessriskythanthosethatmustcrosstheblood-brainbarrier.Italsoworksintheoppositedirection.Studyshowsmicehavehealthierheartsafterreceivingstimulationtoabrainareainvolvedinpositiveemotionandmotivation.Activationofthebrainrewardcentre—calledtheventraltegmentalarea(VTA)—seemstocauseimmunechangesthatcontributetoit.Workingouthowthishappenscouldhelptodestroycancers,enhanceresponsestovaccinesandevenre-evaluatephysicaldiseasesthat,forcenturies,havenotbeenconsideredasbeingpsychologicallydriven.8.Whatdotheresearchersfocusonaboutthebrain?A.Itsprotectingsystem. B.Itsexposuretodiseases.C.Itscontrollingfunction. D.Itsconnectiontothebody.9.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisideainparagraph2?A.Byexplainingatheory. B.Byprovidingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bypresentingcauseandeffect.10.Whichbestdescribestreatmentsthatdonotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier?A.Cheaper. B.Morespecific.C.Safer. D.Moredirect.11.Whatdoesthestudysuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Brainhealthdependsonimmunechanges.B.Brainstimulationleadstonegativeemotions.C.Thebraincanhelpenhancepsychologicalhealth.D.Thebrainmaybekeytotreatingphysicaldiseases.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些研究人员发现大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分，它和身体的其它部分产生的疾病是有联系的。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Then,about20yearsago,someresearchersbegantowonder:isthebrainreallysoseparatedfromthebody?Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingbodyofevidence,isno.(然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？根据越来越多的证据，答案是否定的。)”可知，研究人员主要研究大脑与身体的联系。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thelistofbrainconditionsthathavebeenassociatedwithchangeselsewhereinthebodyislongandgrowing.ChangesinthemakeupofthemicroorganismsinthedigestivesystemhavebeenlinkedtodisorderssuchasParkinson’sdisease.Thereisalsoatheorythatinfectionduringpregnancycouldleadtobraindiseasesinbabies.(与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑状况清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物组成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。)”可知，这一段作者主要通过消化系统和怀孕期间的感染2个例子来论证自己的观点，说明大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分。故选B。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Treatmentsthattakeeffectthroughthedigestivesystem,theheartorotherorgans,wouldbemucheasierandlessriskythanthosethatmustcrosstheblood-brainbarrier.(通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官进行的治疗比必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗更容易，风险更小。)”可知，不通过血脑屏障的治疗风险更小。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Studyshowsmicehavehealthierheartsafterreceivingstimulationtoabrainareainvolvedinpositiveemotionandmotivation.Activationofthebrainrewardcentre—calledtheventraltegmentalarea(VTA)—seemstocauseimmunechangesthatcontributetoit.Workingouthowthishappenscouldhelptodestroycancers,enhanceresponsestovaccinesandevenre-evaluatephysicaldiseasesthat,forcenturies,havenotbeenconsideredasbeingpsychologicallydriven.(研究表明，在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，小鼠的心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这种情况是如何发生的，可以帮助摧毁癌症，增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估几个世纪以来一直不被认为是心理驱动的物理疾病。)”可知，大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故选D。DImagineyou’rewritingapoem,rhymesmustbepairedupbeforeyoustartanewline.ItturnsoutthatAIdoessomethingsimilar!WhenClaude,alargelanguagemodel(LLM),isgiventhefirstline“hesawacarrotandhadtograbit”,itbeginsthinkingaboutwordslike“rabbit”almostimmediately,writingthenextsentencetoendattheappropriaterhyme.Suchforethoughtisunexpected.ScientistsatAnthropic,thelabthatdevelopedClaude,builtatoolandtheydiscoveredsomeunexpectedcomplexity.Thetool,a“digitalmicroscope”,letsscientistslookatwhichpartsoftheAI’sneural(神经的)networklightupwhenit’sworkingondifferenttasks.IfaparticularareaoftheLLMlightsupwheneveritproduceswordslikerabbit,thenthatgetsmarkedasbeingrelatedtorabbits.ThishaslettheteamsolvesomeopenquestionsinAIresearch,forexample,whetheramultilingual(多语言的)chatbothasawarenessofconceptsbeyondlanguage.WhenClaudeisaskedfortheoppositeof“big”inEnglish,orthesameconceptinChinese,thesamefeaturelightsupineverycase,beforemorelanguage-specificcircuitskickinto“translate”theconceptofsmallnessintoaparticularword.ThissuggeststhatAImighthaveadeeperunderstandingoftheworldthanwethought.Otherinsights,though,arelessencouraging.WhenClaudeitselfisaskedtoreason,printingoutitschainofthoughttoanswermathsquestions,themicroscopesuggeststhatthewaythemodelsaysitreachedaconclusion,andwhatitactuallythought,mightnotalwaysbethesame.Worsestill,askaleadingquestion—suggestingthattheanswer“mightbe4”,anditwillspecificallyaddnumbersthatultimatelyleadittoagreewiththequestion,evenifthesuggestioniswrong.ButbeingabletogaininsightintothemindofanLLMprovidescluesastohowtostopitdoingthesameinthefuture.Thegoal,afterall,isnottohavetodobrainsurgery,buttoknowwhatit’sthinking.12.Whatdoesthewriterintendtoshowthroughtheexampleinparagraph1?A.AIcanwritetextsasprogrammed. B.AIcanplansentencesinadvance.C.AIcandealwithcomplextasks. D.AIcansimplifyrhyminglines.13.Howdoes“digitalmicroscope”functionintheresearch?A.BytrackingAI’sthinkingactivities. B.Byworkingondifferentjobs.C.ByactivatingAI’s“brain”potential. D.Bymatchinglanguagepatterns.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5aboutClaude?A.Itmaymakestuffup. B.Itmayskipchainsofthought.C.Itmayleavecluesout. D.Itmaygivelogicalreasoning.15.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsuitsthistext?A.WhyAIStillGetsItWrong B.Chatbots’LanguageMagicC.LookingInsideAI’sMind D.TheRiseofAIChatbots【答案】12.B13.A14.A15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究人员通过“数字显微镜”探究AI（如Claude）的思维机制，揭示其提前规划、概念理解及推理问题，并提及研究意义。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Imagineyou’rewritingapoem,rhymesmustbepairedupbeforeyoustartanewline.ItturnsoutthatAIdoessomethingsimilar!WhenClaude,alargelanguagemodel(LLM),isgiventhefirstline“hesawacarrotandhadtograbit”,itbeginsthinkingaboutwordslike“rabbit”almostimmediately,writingthenextsentencetoendattheappropriaterhyme.(想象一下你正在写诗，在开始新的一行之前，必须先搭配好押韵词。事实证明，人工智能也会做类似的事情！当大型语言模型（LLM）克劳德（Claude）得到第一行文字“hesawacarrotandhadtograbit”（他看到一根胡萝卜，不得不抓住它）时，它几乎立刻就开始思考像“rabbit”（兔子）这样的词，并写出下一个句子，使其结尾有合适的押韵词。)”可知，作者以AI写诗提前思考押韵词为例，是为了说明AI能提前规划句子。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thetool,a“digitalmicroscope”,letsscientistslookatwhichpartsoftheAI’sneural(神经的)networklightupwhenit’sworkingondifferenttasks.IfaparticularareaoftheLLMlightsupwheneveritproduceswordslikerabbit,thenthatgetsmarkedasbeingrelatedtorabbits.(这个被称为“数字显微镜”的工具，能让科学家观察到人工智能在处理不同任务时，其神经网络的哪些部分会被激活。如果大型语言模型（LLM）的某个特定区域在生成“rabbit”（兔子）这类词时总会被激活，那么该区域就会被标记为与“兔子”相关。)”可知，“数字显微镜”通过追踪AI的思维活动（神经网络激活情况）发挥作用。故选A项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“WhenClaudeitselfisaskedtoreason,printingoutitschainofthoughttoanswermathsquestions,themicroscopesuggeststhatthewaythemodelsaysitreachedaconclusion,andwhatitactuallythought,mightnotalwaysbethesame.Worsestill,askaleadingquestion—suggestingthattheanswer“mightbe4”,anditwillspecificallyaddnumbersthatultimatelyleadittoagreewiththequestion,evenifthesuggestioniswrong.(当要求克劳德（Claude）进行推理，输出其思考过程来解答数学问题时，“数字显微镜”显示，该模型声称得出结论的方式与其实际思考过程可能并不总是一致的。更糟糕的是，若提出一个诱导性问题——暗示答案“可能是4”，即便这个暗示是错误的，它也会特意添加数字，最终得出与该问题暗示一致的结论。)”可知，Claude可能会编造思考过程或结果来迎合错误暗示，即“可能会编造内容”。故选A项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Thetool,a“digitalmicroscope”,letsscientistslookatwhichpartsoftheAI’sneural(神经的)networklightupwhenit’sworkingondifferenttasks.(这个被称为“数字显微镜”的工具，能让科学家观察到人工智能在处理不同任务时，其神经网络的哪些部分会被激活。)”以及最后一段中的“ButbeingabletogaininsightintothemindofanLLMprovidescluesastohowtostopitdoingthesameinthefuture.(但能够深入了解大型语言模型（LLM）的“思维”，为未来找到阻止它出现类似问题的方法提供了线索。)”可知，文章围绕通过“数字显微镜”探究AI的“思维”展开，“探究AI的内心（思维）”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyofushave,attimes,failedtopursueagoal.Wewanttogetinshapeandjoinagym,butwesoonstopgoingandendupspendingoureveningsonthecouchinstead.____16____Suchgoal-pursuitfailureissocommon—wemakeNewYear’sresolutions,onlytoadmitdefeatjustafewweeksintothenewyear.____17____Ifoundinmyownresearchthatpeoplebelievetimetobeacrucialingredientinpursuingthemostfrequentlypursuedgoals,suchasworkingout,orlearningalanguageorinstrument.Thefeelingthatwedon’thaveenoughhourshasbecomesuchanintegralpartofourlivesthatwealmosttakeitforgrantedtoneverfeellikewehaveenoughtime.Newresearch,however,showsasimpletrickthatallowsustogetbacksomecontrolandbouncebackfromgoal-pursuitfailure.____18____Thissimpleshiftinlanguageallowsustofeellikehowwedealtwithourlackoftimewasachoice,andthatwecanchangeourapproachinthefutureandregainmotivation.Inastudywith300onlineparticipants,LuisAbreudiscoveredthoseinstructedtospeakaboutagoal-pursuitfailureintermsofnothavingmadethetimeweremoremotivatedtogetbackontrackwiththeirgoal.____19____Thisinterestingeffectoccursbecausepeoplefeelmoreincontroloftheirtimewhentheytalkaboutmakingthetime,orevennotmakingthetime.Howwespeakcanhaveapowerfuleffectnotonlyonothers,butevenonourselves.Whenwefailatsomething,it’suptoustotellourselvesastoryaboutwhathappened,andhowwecandobetterinthefuture.____20____Wecantherebyfindthemotivationtomaketimetopursueourimportantgoals.A.Learningtomanageourtimeeffectivelyisthekeytopursuinggoals.B.Onewaytohelpistotalkabouttimeinawaythatmakesusitsactivemanagers.C.Thisbenefitwasevensustained,aspeoplereportedstrongerresolveaweeklater.D.Hence,wemustlearntoprioritizeourgoalsmoreeffectivelyoverotheractivities.E.Oneofthemostcommonreasonsbehindourfailuretoattaingoalsislackoftime.F.Orwebuyingredientstocookbetterfood,onlytogobacktoourtake-outhabitssoon.G.Insteadofsayingthatwedidn’thavethetime,wecansaythatwedidn’tmakethetime.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.C20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何通过改变语言方式，从追求目标失败中恢复过来，并重新获得动力。【16题详析】由上文“Wewanttogetinshapeandjoinagym,butwesoonstopgoingandendupspendingoureveningsonthecouchinstead.(我们想塑形，加入健身房，但很快就停止了，最终晚上只能坐在沙发上)”及下文“Suchgoal-pursuitfailureissocommon—wemakeNewYear’sresolutions,onlytoadmitdefeatjustafewweeksintothenewyear.(这种追求目标的失败很常见——我们制定新年计划，但在新年刚过几周就承认失败)”可知，上文描述了人们追求目标失败的一个具体例子，下文则指出这种失败很常见，并给出了另一个例子（制定新年计划但很快放弃）。本空应继续列举类似的例子，以进一步说明追求目标失败的普遍性。F选项“Orwebuyingredientstocookbetterfood,onlytogobacktoourtake-outhabitssoon.(或者我们买食材来做更好的食物，但很快又回到了叫外卖的习惯)”与上文例子并列，共同说明追求目标失败的常见性，符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】由下文“Ifoundinmyownresearchthatpeoplebelievetimetobeacrucialingredientinpursuingthemostfrequentlypursuedgoals,suchasworkingout,orlearningalanguageorinstrument.(我在自己的研究中发现，人们认为时间是追求最常追求的目标的关键因素，比如锻炼、学习语言或乐器)”可知，下文提到了时间在追求目标中的重要性，本空应介绍时间与目标的关系。E选项“Oneofthemostcommonreasonsbehindourfailuretoattaingoalsislackoftime.(我们未能实现目标的最常见原因之一是缺乏时间)”直接点明了时间不足是追求目标失败的常见原因，与下文内容紧密相连，符合语境。故选E。【18题详析】由上文“Newresearch,however,showsasimpletrickthatallowsustogetbacksomecontrolandbouncebackfromgoal-pursuitfailure.(然而，新的研究表明，有一个简单的技巧可以让我们重新获得一些控制权，并从追求目标的失败中恢复过来)”及下文“Thissimpleshiftinlanguageallowsustofeellikehowwedealtwithourlackoftimewasachoice,andthatwecanchangeourapproachinthefutureandregainmotivation.(这种简单的语言转变让我们觉得我们处理时间不足的方式是一种选择，并且我们可以在未来改变我们的方法并重新获得动力)”可知，上文提到了有一个简单的技巧可以帮助我们从追求目标的失败中恢复过来，下文则解释了这个技巧的具体内容，即改变语言方式。本空应具体说明这个技巧是什么。G选项“Insteadofsayingthatwedidn’thavethetime,wecansaythatwedidn’tmakethetime.(我们不说我们没有时间，而是说我们没有腾出时间)”直接给出了改变语言方式的具体建议，与下文内容紧密相连，符合语境。故选G。【19题详析】由上文“Inastudywith300onlineparticipants,LuisAbreudiscoveredthoseinstructedtospeakaboutagoal-pursuitfailureintermsofnothavingmadethetimeweremoremotivatedtogetbackontrackwiththeirgoal.(在一项有300名线上参与者的研究中，LuisAbreu发现：那些被要求用“没腾出时间”来表述目标追求失败的人，更有动力重新朝着自己的目标努力)”及下文“Thisinterestingeffectoccursbecausepeoplefeelmoreincontroloftheirtimewhentheytalkaboutmakingthetime,orevennotmakingthetime.(这种有趣的效果发生是因为当人们谈论腾出时间，甚至没有腾出时间时，他们会觉得自己更能掌控时间)”可知，上文描述了研究的结果，即改变语言方式可以增加人们重新追求目标的动力，下文则解释了这一结果的原因。本空应进一步补充研究结果。C选项“Thisbenefitwasevensustained,aspeoplereportedstrongerresolveaweeklater.(这种好处甚至持续存在，因为一周后人们报告了更强的决心)”说明了改变语言方式带来的好处是持续的，能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。【20题详析】由上文“Howwespeakcanhaveapowerfuleffectnotonlyonothers,butevenonourselves.Whenwefailatsomething,it’suptoustotellourselvesastoryaboutwhathappened,andhowwecandobetterinthefuture.(我们说话的方式不仅对他人有强大的影响，甚至对我们自己也有。当我们失败时，由我们来告诉自己发生了什么，以及我们未来如何可以做得更好)”及下文“Wecantherebyfindthemotivationtomaketimetopursueourimportantgoals.(因此，我们可以找到动力腾出时间去追求我们重要的目标)”可知，上文提到了我们说话的方式对自己有影响，并鼓励我们在失败时告诉自己未来可以做得更好，下文则指出这样做可以让我们找到追求重要目标的动力。本空应说明如何做到这一点，即如何通过改变语言方式来影响自己。B选项“Onewaytohelpistotalkabouttimeinawaythatmakesusitsactivemanagers.(一个有帮助的方法是，以一种让我们成为时间主动管理者的方式来谈论时间)”给出了具体的建议，即改变谈论时间的方式，让自己成为时间的主动管理者，能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Supermarketgirl”wasn’thername.ItwasthewayI’dalways____21____thenumbersofrandompeoplewhoweren’tfriendsorfamilyinmyphone.Imet“supermarketgirl”whileshoppingforgroceries.We____22____numbersandpromisedtomeetup,butIwalkedawayknowingweprobablyneverwould.ThisisJapan.The____23____workculturedemandsthatIleavemydayjobat5:00P.M.and____24____tomyeveningandweekendpart-timejobby6:00P.M.Sparing____25____tomeetandgreetwasaconceptI’dgivenupon.Everydayfeltlikeaneternity(漫长时间).Thesupermarketbecamemy____26____.That’swhereIranintoheragain:supermarketgirl.Thistime,Ilearnedhername:Julia.Sheexplainedthatshefelt____27____too.SowemadeadatetogoforaSaturdaymorningwalktogether.That’showitstarted.Tenkilometerstothenearestrecycleshop.Wetalkedaboutthestressthatcomeswithsettlinginaforeignland:thedifferencesinculture,thelanguage____28____.Wetalkedabouthowwealwaysfeltliketheoddoneout,anoutsider.Oftentimes,wefeltthatwedidn’t____29____there.EightkilometerstoCostco.Thistime,webondedoverthemainthingwehadincommon:____30____thatcomewithbeingawoman.Shesharedthatherinsecuritieskeptlayersofsadnessbeneathher____31____ofhappiness.Igaveheraglimpseintowhatwashappeningbehindmysurfaceaswell.EverysingleSaturday,rainorsun,wewere____32____toourtradition,nevermissinganouting.Walkingoutdoorsgaveusthebeautifulsimplicityofhuman____33____.Iwasabletoopenuptosomeonewho____34____myexperience.I’mproudofus.Insteadof____35____indespair,wetookcontrol.21.A.counted B.used C.saved D.spared22.A.exchanged B.accepted C.dialed D.repeated23.A.casual B.intense C.flexible D.rewarding24.A.drag B.apply C.lead D.head25.A.trouble B.space C.time D.money26.A.home B.defence C.chance D.escape27.A.anxious B.curious C.calm D.frightened28.A.conflict B.skills C.barrier D.disorder29.A.care B.belong C.deserve D.enjoy30.A.emergencies B.accidents C.competitions D.struggles31.A.guard B.shadow C.mask D.definition32.A.devoted B.addicted C.added D.exposed33.A.position B.motivation C.reaction D.connection34.A.actedout B.relatedto C.gaveaway D.madeup35.A.drowning B.jumping C.shaking D.begging【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.A33.D34.B35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在日本生活艰难，感到很焦虑，所幸遇到了和自己有相似感受的Julia，两人约好周六早上一起去散步，并建立了友谊。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我一直在我的手机里保存非朋友或家人的随机号码的方式。A.counted计算；B.used使用；C.saved保存；D.spared抽出。根据后文“thenumbersofrandompeoplewhoweren’tfriendsorfamilyinmyphone”指在手机里保存非朋友或家人的随机号码，应用动词save。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们交换了电话号码，并答应见面，但我离开时知道我们可能永远不会见面。A.exchanged交换；B.accepted接受；C.dialed拨号；D.repeated重复。根据后文“numbersandpromisedtomeetup”以及上文““Supermarketgirl”wasn’thername.”可知，两人交换了号码，作者也用“超市女孩”作为对方的名字。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：紧张的工作文化要求我在下午5点离开白天的工作，下午6点去做晚上和周末的兼职工作。A.casual随便的；B.intense紧张的；C.flexible灵活的；D.rewarding有意义的。根据后文“Ileavemydayjobat5:00P.M.”以及“weekendpart-timejobby6:00P.M.”可知，作者做两份工作，所以时间很紧张。故选B。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：紧张的工作文化要求我在下午5点离开白天的工作，下午6点去做晚上和周末的兼职工作。A.drag拖拉；B.apply应用；C.lead带领；D.head前往。根据后文“tomyeveningandweekendpart-timejob”指作者下了班要前往做兼职的地方。故选D。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：抽时间见面打招呼是我已经放弃的想法。A.trouble麻烦；B.space空间；C.time时间；D.money钱。根据后文“tomeetandgreet”以及上文提到作者的时间安排非常紧张可知，作者抽出时间和别人见面，应用time。故选C。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：超市成了我的避难所。A.home家；B.defence防御；C.chance机会；D.escape暂时解脱，逃走。结合上文可知作者做两份工作，时间非常紧张，因此超市就成了一个暂时可以解脱的地方。故选D。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她解释说她也感到焦虑。A.anxious焦虑的；B.curious好奇的；C.calm平静的；D.frightened害怕的。根据后文too以及上文“Everydayfeltlikeaneternity.(每一天都感觉像永恒)”可知，对方和作者一样，也感到焦虑。故选A。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们谈到了在异国他乡定居所带来的压力：文化差异、语言障碍。A.conflict冲突；B.skills技能；C.barrier障碍；D.disorder混乱。根据上文“thestressthatcomeswithsettlinginaforeignland”可知，两人都是异国他乡，所以都存在语言障碍。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们常常觉得自己不属于那里。A.care关心；B.belong属于；C.deserve值得；D.enjoy欣赏。根据上文“Wetalkedabouthowwealwaysfeltliketheoddoneout,anoutsider.(我们聊了聊我们总是觉得自己是一个局外人)”可知，她们感觉像局外人，即不属于那里。故选B。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一次，我们在我们的主要共同点上建立了联系：作为一个女人的挣扎。A.emergencies紧急事件；B.accidents事故；C.competitions比赛；D.struggles难事，挣扎。根据后文“Shesharedthatherinsecuritieskeptlayersofsadness”提到了对方的不安全感以及悲伤，所以两人都有同为女人的痛苦挣扎。故选D。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说，她的不安全感使她的幸福面具下隐藏着层层悲伤。A.guard守卫；B.shadow阴影；C.mask面具；D.definition定义。根据后文“ofhappiness”此处指她的幸福面具下隐藏着悲伤。故选C。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个星期六，无论晴雨，我们都忠于我们的传统，从不错过任何一次外出。A.devoted奉献；B.addicted着迷；C.added增加；D.exposed暴露。根据后文“toourtradition,nevermissinganouting”指她们坚持两人之间散步的传统，短语bedevotedto表示“忠诚于”。故选A。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意