考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷87

考博英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷87

一、阅读理解(本题共“题，每题7.0分，共“分。)

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedto

thelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,

slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Now

somethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfished

hasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWorm

haveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyof

datafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactual

biomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsofthe

ocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.Accordingtotheirlatestpaper

publishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatother

animals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartof

exploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Worm

acknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishing

technologyhasimproved.Today'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,

whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisinthe

seaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworse

thantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswould

havebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeen

caught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoan

underestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflongline

fishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongera

problem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethat

theirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeinto

account.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatof

the"shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassive

changeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlya

relativelyshorttimeintoihepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthe

maximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomass

ofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,

whichisabadwaytobebusiness.

1、Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。该题可迅速定位到文章第一段最后一句话：Nowsomething

similarcouldbehappeningintheoceanso这个句子表明了作者的写作方向和部分中

心思想。由此可看出作者在第一段描述古代动物的灭绝，是为了影射当今在海洋发

生的同样的事情。C选项“大型海洋动物可能会面临同样的威胁”是正确答案。

2、WecaninferformDr.MyersandDr.Worm'spaperthat.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。定位到原文第二段这么几个句子：Accordingtotheirlatest

paperpublishedinNature»thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeat

otheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestart

ofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincetheiio大意是捕

食者的数量在新渔场已经平均下降了80%,而在一些长期捕鱼的区域，即老渔

场，这个数目乂少了一半(注意原文中again这个词，非常关键)，即由原来的

(100%—8。％)下降到了1/2x(1。。％—80%尸1。%,因此等价于下降了90%。A

选项的意思是：在一些老渔场，大型捕食者的数量已经减少了90%。由此可看

出，A选项是正确的。

3、Bysaying"thesefiguresareconservative"(paragragh3),Dr.Wormmeans

that.

标准答案：C

知识点解析•：语义题。由题目定位到第三段第一句，意思是说这些数据是保守的。

由之后的句子也可以看出，由于捕鱼技术的进步，鱼类实际减少的数量要大的多。

因此可以间接得出这个结论：海洋生物的数量正在大幅减少。因此C选项正确。

4、Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。可定位到原文的最后一段，观察Dr.Myers所说的话，

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline»whichfuture

managementeffortsmustlakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanidea

currentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe<4shiftingbaseline”。意思是说未来的渔业

管理应该改变•下基准(shiftingbasclinc)。因此D选项“人们应该调节,下渔业基准

来改变现在的形势''是正确的。

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe

47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,

either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtime

customerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'ma

goodeconomicindicator,'*shesays,"Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhen

they'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingat

middle-browDillard'sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadof

NeimanMarcus."Idon'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too/shesays.

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lots

ofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.Fromcar

dealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheir

spending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween

ThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscoiningatacrucialtime.Already,

expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundany

alarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaythey

remainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodest

belt-tightening.Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadful

headlines,theirownlortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyin

mostregions.InManhattan,"therersanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4milliontoS10

millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,"saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.

InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20

to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,"saysJohnTcaldi,aBayArearcal-

estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindand

keepajob.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswould

cheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejob

market.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,which

investorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseean

upside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantneedtobe

impossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.

5、Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。定位到原文第二段中：Consumersseemonlyconcerned,not

panicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong—term

prospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt—tighteningo其中明显可看出optimistic这

个词。也就是说大多人说他们还是保持乐观的。故本题选A。

6、Whenmentioning"the$4millionto$10millionrange"(paragraph3)theauthoris

talkingabout.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。本题可以从以下两方面考虑。首先，可以从第三段的话题

(地产)判断。其次，根据篇章的一致性，文章反复以“realestate”的谈论为重要话

题。从上下文就可以判断出，作者是在讨论房价的问题。因此根据这些分析，选项

B“地产”与原文信息是吻合的。选项D为“风险投资”，这个词过于笼统，股票、房

地产之类的都是风险投资，而文章重点说的是房地产问题，更何况还有B这个最

佳选项，因此不能入选。

7、Whycanmanypeoplesee"silverlinings*'totheeconomicshowdown?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。本题可以从以下两方面考虑。首先，可以从第四段的话题判

断。该段最后写到不少人包括购房者等，都在showdown中得到了些好处。其次，

“silveMinings”本身的意思就是“黑暗中的一线光明”，这个修辞手法经常在某些报文

里引用的。根据这些分析，A选项“他们可以在某些方面受益”与原文信息是吻合

的。

枯燥的、繁重的或者只是一般肮脏的工作中体现出了他们的智慧。因此C选项“发

明针对困难和危险工作的工具”是正确的。

10>Theword"gizmos'Xparagraph2）mostprobablymeans.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：猜词题。根据第二段中出现的“robotassemblyarms"，“automated

tellerterminals”,^tirelessrobot一drivers”等信息，而且先后出现了tools,machines

之类的关键词。因此考生可以猜出“gizmos”是“设备，装置”的意思。C选项“设备”

是正确答案。

11、Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat

can.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。答案在第三段中DaveLavery的第二句话，即“wecan*yet

givearobotenough'commonsense,toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”该向中

的“dynamic”就是“动态的，变化的“意思。同时定位到第三段的首句：goalsthat

posearealchallenge,是题目whatisbeyondman'sabilitynow,的同义表达。也就是

说，原文所说的beabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforihemselves（独立自我判

断），是人们要迎接的新的挑战，换句话也就是说人们目前没法做到这点。因此D

选项“独立的应对环境变化”是正确答案。

12、Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。本题的答题依据是第三段中DaveLavery说的第一句话，即

“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,“即我们知道如何告诉机

器人去处理一个具体的错误。同时定位.到第三段的第二句：howtotellarobotto

handleaspecificerror»以及第五段的第二句：robotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofa

machinepanel,均可以看出，机器人能够在人的指导下处理一下错误。所有回现都

指向B选项”在人的指导下处理差错”。

Asresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyare

increasinglysurprisedbythepowerofparents.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeen

replacedbythehome.Tobeginwith,allthefactorswhicharepartofintelligence—the

child'sunderstandingoflanguage,learningpatterns,curiosity——arcestablishedwell

beforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix.Studyafterhasshownthatevenafter

schoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanby

teachers,Thisisparticularlytrueaboutleaningthatislanguage-related,Theschoolrather

thanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience.In

viewoftheirpowerit'ssadtoseesomanyparentsnotmakingthemostoftheir

intelligence.Untilrecentlyparentshadbeenbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducate

theirchildren.Manyteachersnowrealizethatchildrencannotbeeducatedonlyatschool

andbeingaskedtocontributebothbeforeandafterthechildentersschool.Parentshave

beenparticularlyafraidtoteachreadingathome.Ofcourse,childrenshouldn'tbepushed

toreadbytheirparents,buteducatorshavediscoveredthatreadingisbesttaught

individually-andtheeasiestplacetodothisisalhome.Manyfourandfive-year-olds

whohavebeenshownafewlettersandtaughttheirsoundswillcomposesinglewordsof

theirownwiththemevenbeforetheyhavebeentaughttoread.

13、Whathaveresearchersfoundoutabouttheinfluenceofparentsandtheschoolon

children'sintelligence?

标准答案：Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome

知识点解析：细节题，考查对细节的理解及综合能力。题干问的是：对于父母和学

校对孩子智力的影响，研究人员发现了什么？文中一开始就提至『'Asresearcherslearn

moreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyareincreasinglysurprisedbythe

powerofparcnts.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome.”随着对儿

童智力发展的研究的深入，研究人员不断惊奇地发现父母的影响力。学校对孩子的

影响力已由家庭取代。因此，Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedby

thehomeo但可以使答案更简洁，更直接，可把原句改成：“Parentshavegreater

influencethanschoo『。只要意思正确，不必拘泥于词语使用形式。

14、Whatdoresearchersconcludeaboutchildren'saboutchildren'slearningpatterns?

标准答案：theyarcestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschool

知识点解析：细节题，考查总结能力。题干问的是：对于儿童的学习模式，研究人

员得出了什么结论?第一段第二句话”...learningpatterns,curiosity-areestablished

wellbcforcthcchildentersschoolattheageofsix”学习模式，好奇心在6岁上学之前

就已建立得很好了。这一句话可以直接作为答案，但过长，可把curiosily换掉，用

代词"they"来替代"learningpatterns”而"beforethechildentersschool”与“attheageof

six”是同位语，二者取其一即可，所以答案为theyareestablishedwellbeforethe

childentersschoolo

15、Inwhichareamayschoolplayamoreimportantrole?

标准答案：subjectsuchasscience

知识点解析：细