考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷48

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷48

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共25题，每题1.0

分,共25分。）

|A]Butworkisunderwaytogetcomputerstocapturehumanlifeandrememberitas

peopledo-recallingbitsofexperienceihatarelinkedbyacommonlimeorplaceor

person.ExpertsofMicrosoftRecearchshowdeepinterestinthischallengingsubject.[B]

Microsoftplanstoweavethecomputer-basedportionsoftheMyLifeBitsprojectintoa

softwareproduct,possiblyasearlyas2008.Itwillbeintheoperatingsystem,gathering

dataasyouwork.[C]You'reatablack-tiepartywhereyouspotanacquaintancewhose

nameandbusinessarerightonthetipofyourtongue——butnottrippingoffit.Whoishe?

Whendidyoulastspeakwithhim?He'sheadedyourway.Luckily,yourmemory

prosthesis—acomputerthatmonitorsandrememberseverythingyoudoorexperience—

isreadytowhisperhisnameinyourear.[D]ButafterthreeyearsofdigitizingBell'slife,

theresearchteamrealizedtheywerecreatinganunwieldy"wrie-once-read-never"

database.Sotheybeganwritingsoftwaretomimicthewaythehumanmindrecalls

things.Peoplerecallinformationinpartbyrememberingwheretheywere,whatelsewas

happening,andwhomtheywerewith.Nowthesystemcanplaybackaphone

conversationwhilesimultaneouslydisplayinganyWebpagesBellwasviewingat(hat

timeplusE-mailsanddocumentsrelevanltotheconversation,[E]Eventually,peoplewill

usethis"add-onpersonalmemory"duringtheirdailylives.Suchadatabasecouldbe

usedtorefreshafailingmemory,oreducatefuturegenerationsaboutwhattodayslives

werelike.[F]ComputeexpertGordonBellofMicrosoftResearchstockpiledallthe

printedanddigitaldetritusofhis68yearsoflife.WiththehelpofhispartnerJim

Gemmell,Bellscannedoldpapersandphotographsaswellasbookshehadread.They

alsowrotesoftwaretocaptureacopyofeverymessageanddocumentthatcrossedhis

computerscreenandeveryvoicemailhereceived,andtheyrecentlybeganrecordingall

ofBell'sphonecallsandanyielevisionhewatches.Nowhe'sdevelopingtoolstoturnthis

computerizedshoeboxintoamemoryaid.[G]AndthePentagon'sLifelogprojectwould

pickupfromBellsresearch.Scientistswanttocombinesensors,cameras,bugging

devices,andwearablecomputerstocaptureacomprehensive,searchabledatabaseofan

individualhumanlife.Theprojectisaimingfbrportablesensors(hatwouldrecorddaily

lifeinexhaustivedetailsanddataprocessorsthatwouldsearchforpatternsandsiftfor

informationlikelytoproveusefullateron.Apractical,powerful,consumerversioncould

bedecadesoff.Order:____________________

回-*-42.43.-44.-*45,一区|

1、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

标准答:室.F

知识点角2析：暂无解析

3、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

[A]TheHinduceremonytakesplaceunderacanopyofbrocadeorsomeotherrichly

decoratedmaterial,festoonedwithflowers.Thebride,wearingaredsilksari,isthefirst

toarrive,butshehidesoutofsightuntilthebridegroom,robedinwhite,hasbeenbrought

inbyhisfriendsandrelations.Asheenters,lightsarewavedoverhisheadandgrainsof

ricearethrown,aceremonialactsymbolizingrichesandfertility.[B]Whilewedding

dresseshavebeenintheforefrontofbridalfashionsinceQueenVictoriabrokewiththe

royaltraditionofasilverdressandoptedforwhileforherweddingtoPrinceAlbertin

1840.[C]IntheBuddhistceremonythebrideandgroomsipthreetimesfromeachof

threebowlsofincreasingsizetosymbolizehowtheirliveswillgrowtogether.Inpast

timesitwascustomarytoshowerthebrideandgroomwithpetalsastheyleftthechurch,

andforthemtowalkalongapathstrewnwithflowers.Thischarmingideagavewayin

theeraofmassproductiontopaperconfeti.Insomecountries,riceisthrown,to

symbolizefertilityandplenty.Beware,itcouldhurtifthrownwithgreatvigor![D]The

going-awaycarisoftendecoratedbyhigh-spiritedfriendswithmessagesinlipstickand

shavingfoam,andtiedaboutwithballoons,tincans,andoldboots.The"oldboot"

traditionisanancientoneandstemsfromthetimewhenthefather,ongivingawayhis

daughtertothegroom,presentedhimalsowithoneofherslippers.Thisgavethenew

husband,symbolicallyspeaking,theupperhand,forhewassupposedtothrashherwithit

shouldshedispleasehim.Theslipperwasputat(hebedheadonhissideofthebedto

remindhiswifewhowasboss.However,ifshebecamethedominantpartner,neighbors

transferredthepoweroftheslippertoher,andchristenedher"theoldboot".[E]Theidea

ofhavingbridesmaids,pages,abestmanandushersoriginatedwiththebeliefthatevil

spirits,enviousofthecouple'shappiness,wouldbeouttoharmthem,butwouldbe

confusedbysomanysimilarlydressedpeople.Thecustomofthebestmanprobablygoes

backtothedayswhenthegroomtookafriendwithhimwhenhewenttokidnapthebride

fromherhome.Bellswereoriginallyrungatweddingstofrightenawaytheevilspirits,

andnoisycelebrationswereheldbeforehandtotryanddrivethemfromthecommunity.

[F]Theseweretheancestorsofourstagandhenparties.TheAncientEgyptianswere

probablythefirsttouseweedingrings;inhieroglyphics,thecirclewasthesymbolot

eternity.Theringcanalsosymbolizethebondsofacaptive.[G]In(heJewishwedding

ceremonythecouplearemarriedunderachuppah,acanopyofsilkorvelvetheldupby

fourposts.ThisisarelicofthetimewhenthechildrenofIsraellivedintents.It

symbolizesthebridalchamber.Tosomeitsignifiesthehomethecouplewillmake

together;itsfragilityremindsthecoupleoftheirownweaknessandtheneedtonurture

theirunioninordertoensureitssurvival.Duringtheceremonythebrideandgroomdrink

winefromthesameglass,symbolizingthattheywillshareallthings.Thebridegroom

(hendashestheglasstothefloorandgrindsitunderhisfoot.Somesaythatthisisa

reminderofthedestructionoftheTempleofJerusalem,othersthatitfrightensofftheevil

spirits;friendscalloutmuzeltov(goodluck)atthispoint.Order:

|E|141.f42・-*43.|E[-144.45.

6、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：哲无解析

9、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

10.

标准答案:G

知识点解析：暂无解析

[A]Ontheotherhandarctwocompellingargumentsagainstplacingadutyonhumansto

protectendangeredspecies.ThefirstisessentiallytheDarwinianargumentthat

extinctionresultsfromtheinexorableprocessofso-called"naturalselection"inwhich

strongerspeciessurvivewhileweakeronesdonot.Moreover,wehumansarenotexempt

fromtheprocess.Accordingly,ifweseefittoeradicateotherspeciesinordertofacilitate

oursurvival,thentobeit.Wcareonlybehavingasanimalsmust,Darwinwouldno

doubtassert.[B]AsIseeit,therearcthreefundamentalargumentsforimposingon

ourselvesatleastsonicresponsibilitytopreserveendangeredspecies.Thefirsthastodo

culpability.Accordingtothisargument,totheextentthatendangermentistheresultof

anthropogenicevenissuchasclear-cuttingofforestsorpollutingoflakesandstreams,we

humanshaveadutytotakeaffirmativemeasurestoprotectthespecieswhosesurvival

we'veplacedinjeopardy.|C]Thesecondargument,andtheone(hatIfindmost

compelling,isanappeal(ologicoveremotion.Itisascientificfactthatthousandsof

animalspeciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Manysuchextinctionsaredueionatural

forces,whileothersareduetoanthropogenicfactors.Inanyeventitisfarbeyondour

abilitytosavethemall.Bywhatstandard,then,shouldwcdecidewhichspeciesare

worthsavingandwhichonesarcout?Inmyobservation,wctendtofavoranimalswith

human-likephysicalcharacteristicsandbehaviors.Thispreferenceisunderstandablei

afterall,dolphinsarefarmoreendearingthanbugs.Butthereisnologicaljustification

forsuchastandard.Accordingly,whatmakesmoresenseistodecidebasedonourown

economicself-interest.Inotherwords,themoremoneyandjobsitwouldcosttosavea

certainspecies,(helowerpriorityweshouldplaceondoingso.[DIWhatarethelimitsof

ourdulytosaveendangeredspeciesfromextinction?Theslatementraisesavarietyof

issuesaboutmorality,conscience,self-preservationandeconomics.Onbalance,

however,Ifundamentallyagreewiththenotionthathumansneednotmake

"extraordinary"efforts—attheexpenseofmoneyandjob-toensurethepreservationof

anyendangeredspecies.[E]Weshouldappealtoself-preservation.Theanimalkingdom

isanintricatematrixofinterdependentrelationships,inwhicheachspeciesdependson

manyothersforitssurvival.Severingcertainrelationships,suchasthatbetweena

predatoranditsnaturalprey,cansetintomotionaseriesofextinctionsthatultimately

mightendangerourownsurvivalasaspecies.Whilethisclaimmightsoundfar-fetchcd

tosome,environmentalexpertsassureusthatinthelongrunitisaveryrealpossibility.

[F]Theissueofcndangcrcd-spcciesprotectionisacomplexone,requiringsubjective

judgmentsaboutmoraldutyandthecomparativevalueofvariouslife-forms.Thus,there

arenoeasyorcertainanswers.YetitisfbrthisveryreasonIagreethateconomicself­

interestshouldtakeprecedenceovervaguenotionsaboutmoraldutywhenitcoinesto

savingendangeredspecies.In(hefinalanalysis,atapointwhsni(becomescriticalfor

ourownsurvivalasaspeciestosavecertainothers,thenwehumanswilldosoifweare

fit—inaccordancewithDarwin'sobservedprocessofnaturalselection.[G]Thesecond

argumenthastodowithcapability.Thisargumentdisregardstheextent(owhichwe

humansmighthavecontributedtotheendangermentofaspecies.Instead,theargument

goes,ifweareawareofthedanger,knowwhatstepsareneededtopreventextinction,

andcantakethosesteps,thenwearemorallyobligatedtohelppreventextinction.This

argumentwouldplaceaveryhighaffirmativedutyonhumanstoprotectendangered

species.Order:

41.—>42.—►43.—>44.—►45.-LZJ

11、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

标准答案.F

知识点角?析：暂无解析

14、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

[A]Enduringproblemssuchaswar,poverty,andviolenceultimatelyspringfromhuman

nature,whichnotechnologicalinnovationshortofgeneticengineeringcanalter.Thus,

(hestatementiscorrectinthisrespect.However,ifwedefine"progress"more

narrowly—intermsofeconomicstandardoflivingandcomfortlevel—recent

technologicalinnovationshaveindeedbroughtaboutclearprogressforhumanity.[B]

Havetechnologicalinnovationsofthelastcenturyfailedtobringabouttrueprogressfor

humanity,asthestatementcontends?AlthoughIagreethattechnologycannotultimately

preventusfromharmingoneanother,thestatementfallstoaccountforthesignificant

positiveimpactthatthemodernindustrialandcomputerrevolutionshavehadonthe

qualityoflife—atleastinthedevelopedworld.[C]Yet,foreverytechnological

innovationhelpingtoreducehumansufferingisanotherthathasservedprimarilytoadd

toit.Forexample,whilesomemightarguethatnuclearweaponsserveasinvaluable

peace-keepers,thisargumentfliesinthefaceofthehundredsofthousandsofinnocent

peoplemurderedandmaimedbyatomicblasts.Morerecently,theincreasinguseof

chemicalweaponsforhumanslaughterpointsou(thatso-called"advances"in

biochemistrycanamounttonetlossesforhumanity.[DINotwithstandingtechnology's

limitationsinpreventingwar,poverty,andviolence,twentiethcenturytechnological

innovationhasenhancedtheoverallstandardoflivingandcomfortlevelofdeveloped

nations.Theadventofsteelproductionandassembly-linemanufacturingcreated

countlessjobs,stimulatedeconomicgrowth,andsuppliedaplethoraofinnovative

conveniences.Morerecently,computershavehelpedfreeupourtimebyperforming

repetitivetasks;haveaidedinthedesignofsaferandmoreattractivebridges,buildings,

andvchiclcs;andhavemadepossibleuniversalaccesstoinfonnation.[E]Iagreewiththe

statementinsofarasthereisnotechnologicalsolutiontotheenduringproblemsofwar,

poverty,andviolence,forthereasonthattheystemfromcertainaspectsofhuman

nature—suchasaggressionandgreed.Althoughfutureadvancesinbiochemistrymight

enableusto"engineeraway"thoseundesirableaspects,inthemeantimeitisuptoour

economists,diplomats,socialreformers,andjurists—notourscientistsandengineers-to

mitigatetheseproblems.[F]Ofcourse,suchprogresshasnotcomewithoutcosts.One

harmfulbyproductofindustrialprogressisenvironmentalpollutionanditsthreatto

publichealth.Anotheris(healienationofassembly-lineworkersfromtheirwork.And,

theInternetbreedsinformationoverloadandstealsourtimeandattentionawayfrom

family,community,andcoworkers.Nevertheless,onbalanceboththemodern-industrial

andcomputerrevolutionshaveimprovedourstandardoflivingandcomfortlevel;and

bothconstituteprogressbyanymeasure.[G]Admittedly,manytechnological

developmentsduringthelastcenturyhavehelpedreducehumansuffering.Consider,for

instance,technologythatenablescomputerstomapEarth'sgeographicalfeaturesfrom

outerspace.Thistechnologyallowsustolocatelandsthatcanbecultivatedforfeeding

malnourishedpeopleinthird-worldcountries.And,fewwoulddisagreethathumanityis

thebeneficiaryofthemyriadoftwentieth-centuryinnovationsinmedicineandmedical

technology—fromprosthesesandorgantransplantstovaccinesandlasers.Order:

f回-42.—►43.44.f回f45.

16、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

BendItLikeBeckhamiswelcome.ItisthestoryofaBritishgirlnamedJesswhomust

choosebetweenthetraditionsofherfamilyorherdesiretobecomeasoccersensation

likeheridol.DavidBeckham.Themovie'stitlecomesfromBeckham'samazingability

(obendtheballintothegoalwithjustasimplekick,somethingJessaspirestodojustas

well.41.But,itisamazingthatanentiremoviehassprunguparound(hepersonalityof

oneman,DavidBeckham,andtheteamheplaysfor.Mind,heisoneoftheworld'smost

recognizedathletes,andhisteam,England'sManchesterUnited(ManU)isthemost

valuablesportsfranchiseintheworldworthmorethantheNYYankees,theLALakers,

theDallasCowboysoranyotherteamyoucanconjureup.Theirfanbaseissaidtobe

over53millionworldwide.Butmakenomistake,theirstarplayerBeckhamandtheteam

itselfismorethanasportsclub,itisworldwidemarketingmachine.42.UndertheManU

familybrandtheyofferfinancialplanningservices,electricity,lifeinsurance,mortgages,

creditcards,bedlinens,jewelry,ketchup(!),wallpaper,lunchboxes,luggage,cell

phones,boxershorts,magazines,theirownTVchannel.,.andallthisfromafootball

team.Imaginethebrandloyaltyyoumusthavefromyourfansinordertomakethem

thinktheywouldliketogettheircarloanfromyou.Canyouseeyourselfgettinga

mortgagefromtheYankees?Sohowdidtheydothis?Theanswerisbyleveraging(heir

brandpersonality,working(heirfans'senseofbelongingandownershipintheclub,and

thencashinginontheirfans'brandloyalty,andtheirneedtoshowtheyarepartofManU

too,andtheheritagethatconveys.Sowhatcan