考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷108

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷108

一、阅读9翻译句子)(本题共20题，每题7.0分，共

20分。)

[Fl]JapansaidTuesdayilhadsuccessfullyexlractedmethanehydrate,knownas”fire

ice”,fromilsseabed、possiblyunlockingmanyyears'vvonhofgasforiheresource-

starvedcouniry.Inwhattheyareclaimingasaworldfirst,aconsortiumisdrillingforthe

hydrate,afossilfuelthatlookslikeicebutconsistsofverydensely-packedmethane

surroundedbywatermolecules,onekilometre(3,300feet)belowsealevel.[F2]The

solidwhitesubstancebumswithapaleflame,leavingnothingbutwaterOneofitis

estimatedtocontainmanytimestheequivalentvolumeofmethaneingasfbmi.The

consortium,ledbyJapanOil,GasandMetalsNationalCorporation,beganinitialworkin

FebruarylastyearandonTuesdaystartedatwo-weekexperimentalproduction,an

economy,tradeandindustryministryofficialsaid."Itistheworld'sfirstoffshore

experimentproducinggasfrommethanehydrate,"theofficialsaid,addingthattheteam

successfullycollectedmethanegasextractedfromthehalf-frozensubstance.[F3]

Underthegovernment-ledproject,theconsortiumistoseparatemethane—theprimary

componenlofnaluralgas-fromihesolidclalhralecompoundunderIheseabedusingihe

highpressuresavailablealdeplh,officialssaid.Ahugelayerofmethanehydrate

containing1.1trillioncubicmetres(38.5trillioncubicfeet)innaturalgas-equivalentto

Japan'sconsumptionofthegasfor11years-isbelievedtolieintheoceanflooroffthe

coastofShikokuisland,westernJapan,theofficialssaid.[F4]"Weaimtoestablish

methanehydrateproductiontechnologiesforpracticalusebyihefiscal2018yearending

March2019."aconsortiumofficialsaid."Wewanttoconsolidatetechnologiesforits

commercialisation/'economy,tradeandindustryministerToshimitsuMotegialsotolda

newsconference,accordingtoJijiPress.HIhopewecanmakeuseofresources

surroundingourcountryassoonaspossiblebyclearinghurdlesonebyone,'*headded.

[F5]Themovecomesasresource・poorJapanhasslruckoulinsearcho「nrwenergy

suppliesafteritshuldownitsstableofnuclearreactorsinthewakeof2011'stsunami-

sparkednuclearcrisis.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：日本周二宣布，已经成功地从日本海底提取出甲烷水合物，俗称“可燃

冰”，此举可能将给这个资源贫乏的国家开启可延续多年的燃气资源宝藏。

知识点解析：本文主要围绕日本提取出“可燃冰”这一主题展开论述C第一段：日

本从海底提取出甲烷水合物的事实及意义。第二段：具体介绍甲烷水合物。第三、

四段：H本致力于研发出可供实际应用的甲烷水合物生产技术。第五段：2011年

海啸之后，日本就一直在寻求新的能源供给来源。

2、[F2]

标准答案：这种白色固体物质燃烧时发出苍白色的火焰，燃尽后只留下水。据估计

1立方米的可燃冰含有数倍于同体积甲烷气体的能量。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：据官员称，在这一政府领头的工程中，该联盟将把甲烷（天然气的主要

成分）通过在海洋深处才能达到的高压从海底的固体水合物中分离出来。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[T4]

标准答案：联盟的一名官员说：“我们的目标是在2018财政年度结束前研发出可供

实际应用的甲烷水合物生产技术，2018财政年度截止于2019年3月。”

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：2011年海啸引发核危机之后日本就关闭了核电站，从那以后资源贫乏

的日本就一直在奋力寻求新的能源供给来源。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Thislineofinquirydidnotbeginuntilearlierthismonth——morethanthreemonthsafter

theaccident—becausetherewere"toomanyemotions,toomanyegos,"saidretiredAdm.

HaroldGehinan,chairmanoftheColumbiaAccidentInvestigationBoard.Testifying

beforetheSenateCommerceCommittee,Gehmansaidthispartofhisinquirywasinits

earlieststages,startingjust10daysago.ButGehmansaidhealreadyhasconcludeditis

"inconceivable"thatNASAwouldhavebeenunableorunwillingtoattemptarescuefor

astronautsinorbitifseniorshuttlemanagersandadministratorshadknowntherewas

fataldamagetoColumbia'sleftwing.[Fl]Gehman⑹drcpoclersaflerihehearingihal

answerslotheseimporlanlquestionscouldhaveenormousimpacLsinceiheycouldplace

inadilferenlconlexlNASA'sdecisionsagainslmoreaggressivelycheckingpossible

wingdamageinthedaysbeforeColumbia'sfatalreturn.Investigatorsbelievebreakaway

insulatingfoamdamagedpartofColumbia'swingshortlyafterliftoff,allowing

superheatedairtopenetratethewingduringitsfieryre-entryonFeb.kmeltitfrom

inside.[F2]AmongLhosedecisionswas（hechoicebyNASA'sseniorshulllemanagers

andadminislralorsio「ejecloffersofsaielliteimagesofpossibledamageioColumbia's

leftwingbeforetheaccident.ThesubjectdominatedtheearlypartofWednesday's

hearing.Gehmancomplainedmanagersandadministrators"missedsignals"whenthey

rejectedthoseoffersforimages,apointedlyharshassessmentofthespaceagency's

inactionduringthe16-dayshuttlemission.[F3]"Wcwillaltempllopinthisissuedown

inourreport,buttherewereanumberbureaucraticandadministralivemissedsignals

here,“Gehmantoldsenators."We'renotquitesohappywiththeprocess.”[F4]The

investigativeboardalreadyhadrecommendedthatNASApushforbettercoordination

betweenthespaceagencyandmilitaryofficesinchargeofsatellitesandtelescopes.The

U.S.NationalImageryandMappingAgencyinMarchagreedtoregularlycapture

detailedsatelliteimagesofspaceshuttlesinorbit.[F5]SlilLGehmansaiditwas

unclearwhetherevenimagesfromAmerica'smostsophisticatedspysatellitesmighthave

detectedonColumbia'swinganydamage、whichGchniansaidcouldhavebeenassmall

astwoinchessquare.Theprecisecapabilitiesofsuchsatellitesprovedtobeasensitive

topicduringtheSenatehearing.

6、【FlV

标准答案：格变于听证会后告诉记者，关于一些重要问题的答案可能会产生巨大的

影响。原因是这些答案可能在一个不同的情形下审视宇航局的决定，宇航局决定反

对在哥伦比亚号返航前仔细检查可能出现的侧翼故障。

知识点解析：本文的重点是哥伦比亚号航天飞机失事的调查经过。第一段：作者

首先提出因为有太多的情感和太多的自负，所以这个调查很难进行。第二段：调查

组的领导人格曼说目前问题在于美国航空航天局的研究人员有没有反对过或决定反

对进行调查。第三、四、五段：作者讲述了在听证会上的主题即美国航空航天局拒

绝接受军事部门提供的卫星照片。

7、[F2]

标准答案：在这些决定中，有一个便是宇航局管理官员拒绝接受军方所提供的关于

哥伦比亚号航天飞机左翼隐患的卫星照片。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：格曼告诉参议员：“我们尝试把这件事洋细地写进我们的报告，但是有

大量的官员和管理者忽咯了故障的征兆。我们对调查的进程不太满意。”

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：调查委员会曾建议美国航空航天局促成宇航局和掌管卫星及望远镜的军

方部门间更好的合作。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：来自于美国军方最先进的间谍卫星的照片是否能检测出哥伦比亚号飞船

侧翼上的两英寸大小的破损，格曼对此仍旧不敢肯定。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Scientistsaresupposedtochangetheirminds.[Fl]Havingadoplediheisviewson

scientificqueslionsbasedonanobjectiveevaluationofempiricalevidence、iheyare

expecledlowillingly,eveneagerly,abandoncherishedbeliefswhennewevidence

undercuts[hem.Soitisremarkablethatsofewoftheessaysinanewbookinwhich

scienlislsanswerlliequestioninthetitle,"WhatHaveYouChangedYourMindAbout?"

expressanythinglikethisideal.Manyofthechangesofmindarejustchangesofopinion

oranevolutionofvalues.Onecontributor,apastsupporterofmannedspaceflight,now

thinksit'spointless,whileanothernolongerhasmoralobjectionstocognitive

enhancementthroughdrugs.Otherchangesofmindhavetodowithbustedpredictions,

suchasthatcomputerintelligencewouldsoonrivalhumans'.[F2]Rare,however,are

changesofmindbyscientistsidentifiedwitheithersideofacontroversialissue.Thereis

noonewhorosetofamearguingthatadiseaseiscausedbystickybrainplaquesandwho

hasnowbeenconvincedbyevidencethattheplaquesaremostlyinnocentbystanders,not

culprits.Butreally,weshouldn'tbesurprised.[F3]SuDportersofaDarticular

viewpointespeciallyifiheirleDutationisbasedon[heaccuracyofthalviewpoint,cl:ng

toitlikeashipwreckedmantofloats.Studiesthatunderminethatposition,theysay,are

fatallyflawed.Intruth,nostudyisperfect,soitwouldbecrazytoabandonanelegant,

well-supportedtheorybecauseonenewfindingundercutsit.[F4]Buiit'sfascinating

howscienlislswithaninlelleclualslakeinaparlicularsideofadebalelendtoseeflaws

instudiesihalundercul【heirdearlyheldviews,andlointerprelandevenMore'facls"lo

fit[heirviews.NowonderthehistorianThomasKuhnconcludedalmost50yearsago

thatascientificparadigmfallsdownonlywhenthelastofitspowerfuladherentsdies.

Thefewessaysinwhichscientistsdoadmittheywerewrong——andaboutsomething

centraltotheirreputation-thereforestandout.[F5]PhysicislMarceloGleiserof

DartmouthbreaksrankswithalmosteveryphysicistsinceEinstein,andwithhisOwn

youngerself、innowdoubtingthatthelawsofnaturecanbeunifiedinasingleelegant

foirnulation.Gleiserhaswrittendozensofpapersproposingroutestotheunificationof

gravityandquantummechanicsthrougheverythingfromsuperstringstoextra

dimensions,butnowconcedesthat"allattemptssofarhavefailed.1'Unificationmaybe

estheticallyappealing,butifsnothownatureworks.

11、[Fl]

标准答案：人们认为，科学家基于对实验证据的客观评估、就科学问题形成自己的

观点之后，一旦出现动摇这些观点的新证据，他们会欣然地，甚至急切地抛弃原先

珍视的观念。

知识点解析：本文共四段，主要讲科学家很少会因为自己的观点被新证据动摇而

改变他们的观念。第一段讲人们错误地认为，科学家会轻易改变观念。第二段讲鲜

有科学家改变自己对某一争论性问题的观点。第三段指出科学家竭力维护自己观念

是错误的。最后一段讲可贵的是，有几位科学家能够抛却对自己声望的考虑，勇于

承认错误。

12、[F2]

标准答案：然而，鲜有观念的改变是由支持争议性问题某一方的科学家作出的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：某一种观点的支持者，尤其是当其声望建立于该观点的正确性之上时，

会像紧抓漂浮物的遭受海难者一样，抱住该观点不放。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：但有趣的是，与某一争论的特定一方存在智力利害关系的科学家如何倾

向于从动摇自己深信的观点的研究中发现破绽.并解释甚至忽略“事实”以使其符合

自己的观点。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：达特茅斯大学的物理学家马赛罗-格雷泽现在通过对“自然法则可以归纳

为一条简洁的公式''的观点提出质疑，与爱因斯坦之后几乎所有物理学家分道扬辘

了，也与年轻时的自己划清了界限。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Atthemoment,therearetworeliablewaystomakeelectricityfromsunlight.[Fl]You

canuseapanelofsolarcellstocreatethecuiienidircclly,byliberatingelectronsfroma

semiconductingmaterialsuchassilicon.Oryoucanconcentratethesun'sraysusing

minors,boilwaterwiththem,andemploythesteamtodriveagenerator.Bothwork.But

bothareexpensive.GangChenoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandZhifeng

RenofBostonCollegethereforepropose,inapaperinNatureMaterials,analternative.

Theysuggestthataphenomenoncalledthethermoeleciriceffectmightbeusedinstead一

andtheyhavebuiltaprototypetoshowthattheideaispractical.Intheirview,three

thingsarcneededtocreateaworkablesolar-thcrmoclcctricdevice.Thefirstistomake

surethatmostofthesunlightwhichfallsonitisabsorbed,ratherthanbeingreflected.

Thesecondistochooseathermoelectricmaterialwhichconductshealbadly(sothat

differentpartsremainatdifferenttemperatures)butelectricitywell.[F2]Thethirdisro

becertainthatthetemDeraturegiadientwhichthatbadlyconductingmaterialcreatesis

notfritteredawaybypoordesign.Thetworesearchersovercamethesechallenges

throughcleverengineering.Thefirsttheydealtwithbycoatingthetopofthedevicewith

oxidesofhafnium,molybdenumandtitanium,inlayersabout100nanometresthick.

[F3]Theselayersactedliketheanti-reflectivecoatingsonspectaclelensesandcaused

almostall山esunlightfallingonthedevice【obeabsorbed.Theseconddesideratum,of

lowthermalandhighelectricalconductivity,wasachievedbydividingthebismuth

tellurideintopelletsafewnanometresacross.[F4]Tha」doesnolaffectiheirelectrical

conductivity,butnanoscaleparticleslikethisareknowntoscatterandobslructthe

passageofhealihroughimDerfectlyunderstoodquanlum-mechanicalprocesses.Thethird

objective,efficientdesign,involvedsandwichingthenanostructuredbismuthtelluride

betweentwocopperplatesandthenencl