考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷538

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷538

一、阅读（补全短文）（本题共75题，每题7.0分，共

75分。）

[A]Ijustdon'tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We'reinabudgetcrunch

andIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we'11probablyhave

tolaysomepeopleoffinthenearfuture.ICshardformetomakethejobinterestingand

challengingbecauseitisn't—it'sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn*tmuchyoucan

doaboutit.[B]Finally,Ican'tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeonthe

excellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit'snottrue.Iftheirperformanceis

adequate,mostaremorelikelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertain

numberofyearsthanfbrsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodo

thejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutourforms.Allthroughtheircareeritisthe

aiTestsandinterventionsthatgetnoticed.[C]I'vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.

Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthe

street,eitherincarsoronabeat.Theyseemtolikethecontacttheyhavewiththepublic,

theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andtheapprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolike

helpingpeopleoutatfires,accidents,andotheremergencies.[D]Somepeoplehave

suggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.

However,wcknowthat'snotfair—toomanyotherthingsarcinvolved.Badpaperwork

increasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperworkdoesn'tnecessarilymean

you'llwin.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,

buttheguyscaughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeofrewardfor

winningthecompetition,andtheyfiguredwhyshould:heylaborwhentherewasno

payoff.[E]Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothe

paperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.

Thislackofattentionhunsuslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneedclear,factual

reports.Theymustbehighlydetailedandunambiguous.Assoonasonepartofareportis

showntobeinadequateorincorrect,therestofthereportissuspect.Poorreporting

probablycausesustolosemorecasesthananyotherfactor.|F]SoIjustdon'tknowwhat

todo.Fvebeengropinginthedarkinanumberofyears.AndIhopethatthisseminar

willshedsomelightonthisproblemofmineandhelpmeoutinmyfuturework.[G]A

largemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsfor

administrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.

Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation—howwecanget

publicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethe

centrallocusofthediscussion.Order:

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Haveyoueverconsideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theansweriothatquestionis

admittedlymercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfrom

somebodyclse's.However,therearcanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatarc

commontoallgoodbosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespecially

tellingwithsmallerbusinesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,but

it'sparticularlyimportantforsmallbusiness,nsaysRobSheehan,directorofexecutive

educationattheJamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityof

Maryland."Withsmallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefor

theentirecompany."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,

considerthefollowinglineupofskills,strategiesandattributes:(l)Bcinclusive:Witha

smalleroperation,it'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartofthe

team.Agoodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsof

salaryandotherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthe

dailyfunctionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativityso

employeesfeelgenuinelyengaged.(2)Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinesses

operateoutofsheeraltruism,butthat*snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimary

philosophicalandpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusiness

mission.Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocus

thebosswantstoset.(3)Nothingtofearbutfearitself;Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandteelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.(4)It*stheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthepeople

whoworkforyouarelookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheircareers.As

Isaid,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeesseehowto

improveandcreatemeaningfulcareersforthemselves.(5)Made,notnecessarilyborn:

Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhatgoesintobeingan

effectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealwayshavebeenandv/ill

bebosseswhoseemtohaveaflawlesstouchinleadingandmotivating.Butforevery

natural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthatwaybyattending

managementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffectiveleadershipand,justas

important,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattractsfirst-rateemployees.

[A]nIt'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateandencourage.Butit's

alsoimportant,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.Forinstance,whileyou

shouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhenyouyourselfmakea

mistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentofintegrity,trustand

respecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,regardlessofthe

differencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Peoplecandefinitelydevelopgood

leadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan.MToacertaindegree,weallhaveinnatetraitsthat

makeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthosetraitstotheir

utmost."[D]Ifanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisorherown

businesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetraitstheyneedtoworkontoachieve

theirultimateplans.[EJForinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedylunchtime

serviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.Bycontrast,amedical

supplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'health.Notonlycana

clearmission(responsibility)servetomotivateemployees,itcanalsoinfuseasenseof

importanceintheirjobs.[F]"Thisrequiresamentalitythatencourageslearningrather

thanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewanddifferent,butknowwe're

notgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"saysSheehan."Iwasaswimmerin

collegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafterme.1swamjustasfastwhenI

imaginedIwasintheOlympics.It'saquestionofwhatyouwanttofocuson."

6、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：首先要浏览选项，概括大意。A：要像一个教练一样教育你的员工，

举出实例来说服他。B：要确保每一位员工都得到公正的待遇。C：我们都有成为

好老板的内在品质，关键是要将它们发挥到极致。D：帮助员工实现他们自己的事

业目标。E：明确的职责有利于激发员工的积极性。F：要鼓励进步而非恐惧犯

错。此处的标题是“Beinclusive"，显然，仅从标题无法判断出作者究竟要表达什

么含义。因此，需要继续阅读下文的论述部分。第四段的首句是主题句：老板要让

每个员工都觉得自己是团队平等而投入的成员，后面部分具体说明方式是什么。

其中treateachemployeefairly和B项中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼应。因此B

项正是让员工平等而投入的方式。从而可知inclusive在这指的是(心胸)包容而广

阔。

7、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：此处标题是“使命而非金钱”。第五段首句就money展开论述，指

出：企业的首要目标不是赚钱。接下来的两句话则就mission展开论述，指出：企

业使命的形成也取决于老板设定的最重要的目标。至此，本段主要强调了mission

的重要性，但没有具体说明它指的是什么。E项以餐饮和医疗器材为例说明了不

同企业的不同使命，为正确选项。其中responsibilily是mission的近义词。

8、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处标题中的关键词是fear。第六段先将两种老板进行了比较，一种

老板不允许员工犯错，另一种鼓励员工不要害怕犯错。F项出现了beingafraidof

的同义表达，该项中席翰以游泳为例说明，不要让恐惧而要让鼓励来敦促人前

进。这个内容显然和前面提到的两类老板的内容相吻合。

9、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处标题是“这也是他们的事业“，联系全文主旨可知代词their指的

是“员工的"，careers是这个标题中的关键词。第七段对标题内容进行了阐释：要帮

助员工明白如何为自己改善和创造有意义的事业。D项以一名员工为例，说明老

板应该帮助员工实现他们的目标,其中agoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghis

orherownbusiness与careers呼应。

10、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处标题是“后天的，不一定是天生的第八段首句对made一词进

行了阐释：成为一位好的领导者是一种后天学习的行为(learnedbehavior)。接下来

该段又列举了多种后天学习的方法：参加课程和研讨会，阅读书籍等。C项中席

翰的一番话是对标题内容的论述：我们都有成为好老板的内在品质，关键是要(后

天)挖掘它。其中innatetraits与标题中的born相对应。

Today,some30%ofsmallbusinessownersdon'thaveaWebpresenceatall,whilethe

vastmajoritywhodoarewatchingtheirsitessitstale,waitingandwantingforbusiness.

Wheredidthingsgowrong?Therearecommonprinciplesfollowedbythosewhose

dreamsofonlinesuccesshavebecomereality.(l)Buildyoursitearoundyourcustomer:

Thinkingofyoursiteasyouronlinestorefront,builtarounddeliveringthehighcst-quality

customerexperiencefromthemomentyourcustomerstepsthroughthe"doorH.(2)Just

becauseyoubuiltitdoesn*tmeanthey'11come:Ifyouaren'tseeingalargevolumeof

targetedtraffictoyoursite,it*stimetouptheante.(3)Integratecustomerloyalty

programsandpromotions:Methodscontaindiscounts,news,orfriendlyservice

reminders.Usediscountpromotionalofferstostayintouchwithpastvisitorstoyoursite.

(4)Justifyyourmonthlyspendingthroughproductbundling:Whilepay-per-clickInternet

advertisingismuchmorecost-effectivethantraditionalmediachannels,bundling

productstogetherwillnotonlyincreaseyoursalesrevenue,butalsoenableyoutoget

moreoutofyourper-clickadrates.(5)Measureyourprogress:Yoursitemaybelive,but

howisitperforming?Armedwiththesesimplelessons,vowtomakeyourbusiness

realizethetruepromiseoftheInternet.[A]Amanufacturingcompanyselling$50items

washavingtroublejustifyingthecostofonlinekeywordads.Bybundlingproductsto

createpackagesof$100ormoreandadvertisingtowholesalecustomerslookingtobuy

inbulk,themanufacturerdroppeditssalesrepresentativeagenciesandfocusedonlarge-

volumebuyers,suchasWal-MartandTarget.Needlesstosay,thecompanyhadno

troubleexceedingitsyearlysalesquota.|B|Oneofmypastclientshadawell-designed

physicalstorefront,solidprices,andqualityofferings.However,hewasn'tabletodrive

enoughstoretrafficdespitetargetedadvertisingeffortsinprintpublicationsandother

offlinevenues.Wedecidedtoshiftthoseaddollarstoanonlinepay-per-click

campaign—inwhichtheadvertiserpayswheneversomeoneclicksonitsentryposted

duringthecourseofasitesearchbasedonkeywordsrelevanttohisbusiness.The

immediateimpactwasstaggering.Onlinerevenuesoaredtenfoldto$1millionfrom

$100,000withinonlyafewmonths.[C]Withtoday'stechnology,yourreturncanbe

easilymeasured.IfyourelyonyourWebsiteasasalestool,youcan'taffordnotto

investinsiteanalytics.MakesureyourWebsolutionincludesaneasy-lo-usereporting

toolthatpresentsthisinformationinaclear,conciseformat.Afterall,whilemetricsarea

criticalpartoftheWebequation,youdon'thavethetimetospendhoursdiggingthrough

reamsofdata.[D]Yearsago,Iworkedwithawomanwhosoldpursesonlinethrougha

home-builtsitethatlackedcriticalc-commercecomponents.Afterasimpleredesign

includingproductdescriptions,comprehensivenavigation,andasecure,user-friendly

orderingsystem,herrevenueincreasedfivefold.Andshebeganreceivingravereviews

fromcustomersimpressedwiththeeaseandconvenienceoftheonlineshopping

experience.[E]OnIinesuccessdemandsmorethansimplepresence.YourInternet

investmentshouldpayforitselfwithnewcustomersandincreasedsales.Findatrusted

partnerwhocanhelpyounavigatetoday's(andtomorrow's)technologyandwho

understandsthebottom-linerealitiesofyourbusiness.|F]Onevillarentalcompanyhada

Websitethatgeneratedveryfewcallsandonlinebookings.Ihelpedthecompanysetup

a"lastminutedeals"distributionlist.Bysubscribing,sitevisitorswouldreceiveweekly

e-mailsoffering11th-hourdiscountsonvillarentals.Asaresult,thecompanycaptured

contactinformationforthousandsofpossiblecustomers,reduceditsunusedinventoryto

almostzero,andincreasedrevenuesignificantly.

11、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：浏览全文不难发现，五个概括句都是对儿条商务原则的简要概述。然

后概括各选项大意，A：一个制造公司通过搁绑销售和将网上广告销售对象确定为

批发商，从而提高了销售额。B：我的一个客户虽然拥有各种优势条件，却仍不能

招彳来大量顾客，因此我帮他将网下广告的经费转移到网络销售上，结果，公司收

入暴涨。C：如果依赖网站作为销售工具，就必须进行网站分析，因此确保你的网

站建设方案中有一套方便使用的报告工具。D：通过给一位女士的网上钱包销售中

增加关键的电子商务元素，使她的收入大幅增加，她也因给顾客带来舒适便捷的购

物体验而受到好评。E：仅有网络还不能保证在线销售的成功。还应找到一位合伙

人，帮助你驾驭技术并了解你生意的底线。F：通过帮助一家别暨租赁公司建立

“最后时限打折”分配表，使它赢得了潜在客户，使空房率儿乎为零，从而增加了

收入。此处概括句是“以客户为中心建立网站接下