历年翻译专业考试出题规律总结D

翻译专业资格（水平）考试三级笔译模拟试卷（D卷）考试时间：180分钟总分：100分第一部分笔译综合能力（60分）一、词汇与语法选择（本大题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Thenewregulationswillcomeinto________onthefirstofnextmonth.-A．affectB．effectC．practiceD．reality2.Thescientist’stheorywasmetwithwidespread________fromtheconservativeestablishment.-A．acceptanceB．indifferenceC．resistanceD．enthusiasm3.Theorganization‘sprimary________istoprovidecleandrinkingwatertoremotevillages.-A．obstacleB．objectiveC．objectionD．observation4.Her________totheproposalsurprisedeveryone,asshewasnormallyverysupportive.-A．oppositionB．approvalC．endorsementD．advocacy5.Thetwocountrieshaveagreedto________diplomaticrelationsafterdecadesofhostility.-A．severB．suspendC．normalizeD．avoid6.Themanager’s________commentsabouttheemployee‘sperformanceweredeeplyhurtful.-A．constructiveB．encouragingC．derogatoryD．impartial7.Thecompanyis________anewmarketingstrategytoincreasebrandawareness.-A．rollingoutB．callingoffC．givingupD．holdingback8.Theevidencepresentedincourtwas________andfailedtoconvincethejury.-A．compellingB．conclusiveC．circumstantialD．overwhelming9.Theprofessor’slecture________thehistoricalrootsofthecurrentpoliticalcrisis.-A．ignoredB．avoidedC．tracedD．obscured10.Itisofutmostimportancethatthepatient________immediatemedicalattention.-A．receiveB．receivesC．receivedD．willreceive11.Thenewpolicyisdesignedto________theburdenonsmallbusinesses.-A．increaseB．exacerbateC．easeD．impose12.His________oftheeventscontradictedeveryotherwitness‘saccount.-A．versionB．summaryC．analysisD．critique13.Thegovernmenthas________emergencymeasurestodealwiththeflooding.-A．enactedB．proposedC．debatedD．rejected14.Thefilmreceived________criticalacclaimbutfailedtofindawideaudience.-A．negativeB．mixedC．universalD．minimal15.Thetwoleadershelda________meetingtodiscusstradeissues.-A．publicB．privateC．adversarialD．ceremonial16.Thecompany’sprofitshavebeen________byrisingenergycosts.-A．boostedB．maintainedC．erodedD．stabilized17.Theresearcher‘sfindings________previousassumptionsaboutthedisease.-A．confirmedB．challengedC．repeatedD．overlooked18.Thecommittee’sdecisionwas________;allmembersvotedinfavor.-A．controversialB．unanimousC．dividedD．ambiguous19.Thenewsoftwareis________witholderversionsoftheoperatingsystem.-A．backward-compatibleB．forward-thinkingC．upward-mobileD．downward-facing20.Hadthecompanyinvestedinrenewableenergyearlier,it________suchheavylosses.-A．wouldavoidB．wouldhaveavoidedC．avoidedD．hadavoided二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。Theglobalfoodsystemisatacrossroads.Fordecades,the(21)________hasbeenonincreasingproductionatanycost,astrategythathassuccessfullyreducedhungerbuthasalsoexactedaheavyenvironmentaltoll.Agriculture(22)________forroughlyone-quarterofglobalgreenhousegasemissions,uses70percentoffreshwaterwithdrawals,andistheleadingdriverofbiodiversityloss.Theneedfortransformationisurgent.TheUnitedNationsestimatesthattofeedaglobalpopulationofnearly10billionby2050,foodproductionwillneedtoincreaseby50percent.Achievingthiswithout(23)________theplanet’secologicallimitsrequiresafundamentalshiftinhowfoodisgrown,processed,andconsumed.Onepromisingapproachisregenerativeagriculture,asetofpracticesthat(24)________soilhealth,waterretention,andbiodiversity.Unlikeindustrialfarming,whichoftendepletessoilcarbon,regenerativemethodssuchascovercropping,rotationalgrazing,andagroforestrycanactually(25)________carbonfromtheatmosphereandstoreitintheground.Technologyalsohasaroletoplay.Precisionagricultureusessensorsanddataanalyticstooptimizewaterandfertilizeruse,reducingwaste.Plant-basedandlab-grownmeatsofferthe(26)________ofsatisfyingdemandforproteinwithafractionoftheenvironmentalfootprintofconventionallivestock.Yettechnologyisnotasilverbullet.Thetransitiontosustainableagriculture(27)________significantinvestmentandpolicysupport.Smallholderfarmers,whoproduceroughlyone-thirdoftheworld‘sfood,oftenlackthecapitalandtechnicalassistanceneededtoadoptnewpractices.Consumerbehavior,too,mustchange;foodwastealoneaccountsfor8to10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Thefoodsystem’stransformationispossible,butitwill(28)________unprecedentedcollaborationamonggovernments,businesses,farmers,andconsumers.Asoneagriculturaleconomistputit,“Weknowhowtoproduceenoughfood.Thequestioniswhetherwecandoitinawaythat(29)________afutureforthenextgeneration.”Thecomingdecadewillbe(30)________.21.A．priorityB．afterthoughtC．obstacleD．exception22.A．accountsB．looksC．searchesD．compensates23.A．respectingB．exceedingC．definingD．ignoring24.A．degradeB．enhanceC．neglectD．measure25.A．releaseB．emitC．sequesterD．produce26.A．riskB．costC．promiseD．uncertainty27.A．requiresB．avoidsC．delaysD．prevents28.A．ruleoutB．giveupC．calloffD．require29.A．destroysB．jeopardizesC．securesD．ignores30.A．decisiveB．irrelevantC．arbitraryD．predictable三、阅读理解（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）阅读下面短文，然后回答后面的问题。PassageThephenomenonof“newsavoidance”hasbecomeincreasinglypronouncedinrecentyears.Asubstantialminorityofthepopulation,andinsomecountriesamajority,activelyavoidsthenews,turningawayfromtelevisionbroadcasts,skippingnewspaperarticles,andscrollingpastheadlinesonsocialmedia.Thistrendhasprofoundimplicationsfordemocraticsocieties,whichrelyonaninformedcitizenrytofunctioneffectively.Researchintonewsavoidancerevealsacomplexsetofmotivations.Themostcommonlycitedreasonisemotional:thenewsisperceivedasdepressing,overwhelming,andanxiety-inducing.A2022studyfoundthatfrequentnewsconsumersweremorelikelytoreporthavingtheirmoodnegativelyaffectedbywhattheyreadorwatched.Thisemotionaltollisparticularlyacuteamongyoungeraudiences,whohavegrownupinaneraof24-hourcablenewsandalgorithmicallyamplifiedoutrage.Asecondfactorisasenseofpowerlessness.Whenbombardedwithstoriesaboutdistantcrises—wars,naturaldisasters,politicaldysfunction—manypeoplefeelthereisnothingtheycandotomakeadifference.Thenewsthusbecomesnotatoolforengagementbutasourceofdespair.Someresearchershavetermedthis“learnedhelplessness”inthecontextofinformationconsumption.Athird,morerecentlyidentifiedfactoriswhatscholarscall“informationoverloadfatigue.”Thesheervolumeofnewsavailable—muchofitcontradictory,unverified,orquicklyrenderedobsolete—canparalyzeratherthaninform.Wheneverystoryispresentedasurgent,nothingseemstrulyimportant.Newsorganizationshavebeguntorespondtothesetrends.Somehaveexperimentedwith“solutionsjournalism,”focusingnotjustonproblemsbutonpotentialresponsesandsuccessstories.Othershavedevelopedlesssensationalisticformats,emphasizingcontextandanalysisoverbreakingnewsalerts.Digitalplatformshaveintroducedfeaturesallowinguserstomutecertaintopicsorsettimelimitsonnewsconsumption.Yettheseeffortsmaybeinsufficient.Underlyingnewsavoidanceisadeepercrisisoftrust.Formany,thenewsmediaisperceivednotasaneutralarbiteroffactsbutasanactorwithitsownbiasesandagendas.Restoringtrustwillrequirenotjustchangesinformatbutfundamentalshiftsinjournalisticnormsandpractices.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?-A．Toarguethatnewsconsumptionshouldbemandatoryforallcitizens-B．Toanalyzethecausesandpotentialresponsestonewsavoidance-C．Tocriticizenewsorganizationsforproducingdepressingcontent-D．Tocomparenewsavoidanceacrossdifferentagegroups32.Accordingtothepassage,whichgroupismostaffectedbythenegativeemotionalimpactofnews?-A．Elderlyretirees-B．Middle-agedprofessionals-C．Youngeraudiences-D．Ruralpopulations33.Theterm“learnedhelplessness”inparagraph3refersto________.-A．theinabilitytodistinguishrealnewsfromfakenews-B．thefeelingthatonecannotmakeadifferenceinresponsetonewsevents-C．theaddictiontocheckingnewsupdatesrepeatedly-D．thetendencytosharenewswithoutverifyingfacts34.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasaresponsebynewsorganizationstonewsavoidance?-A．Eliminatingallnegativestories-B．Focusingexclusivelyoncelebritynews-C．Experimentingwithsolutionsjournalism-D．Reducingthefrequencyofpublication35.Theauthorsuggeststhatthemostfundamentalcauseofnewsavoidanceis________.-A．informationoverload-B．negativeemotions-C．lackoftime-D．erosionoftrustinnewsmedia第二部分笔译实务（40分）四、英译汉（本大题共1小题，20分）将下面的英语短文翻译成中文。TheRiseoftheCreativeClassOverthepastseveraldecades,aprofoundshifthasoccurredintheeconomiesofadvancedindustrialnations.Themanufacturingsector,oncethebedrockofmiddle-classemployment,hassteadilycontracted,whileaneweconomicforcehasriseninitsplace.UrbanstudiestheoristRichardFloridatermedthisgroupthe“creativeclass”—professionalswhoseworkinvolvesthegenerationofnewideas,technologies,andculturalforms.Thecreativeclassencompassesawiderangeofoccupations.Atitscorearescientists,engineers,architects,educators,writers,artists,andentertainers.Surroundingthiscoreisabroadergroupofcreativeprofessionalsinbusiness,finance,law,healthcare,andrelatedfields.Floridaestimatesthatthecreativeclassnowconstitutesroughly30to40percentoftheworkforceintheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedeconomies.Theriseofthisclasshasreshapedcities.Creativeprofessionalstendtoclusterinurbancentersthatoffernotjustjobsbutalsoamenities:vibrantstreetlife,diverserestaurants,musicvenues,andtolerancefordifferentlifestyles.Citiesthathavesuccessfullyattractedthecreativeclass—suchasSanFrancisco,Austin,andBoston—haveexperiencedeconomicbooms.Thosethathavefailedtoadapthaveseendecline.Yetthecreativeclassnarrativehasnotbeenwithoutitscritics.Somearguethatitoverstatesthedegreeofeconomictransformationandignoresthecontinuedimportanceofroutineserviceandproductionjobs.Otherspointoutthattheclusteringofcreativeprofessionalshasexacerbatedeconomicinequality,drivinguphousingcostsanddisplacinglower-incomeresidents.Avibrantcreativeclass,theynote,doesnotautomaticallycreateavibrantcityforeveryone.Thechallengeforpolicymakersistoharnesstheenergyandinnovationofthecreativeclasswhileensuringthatthebenefitsarebroadlyshared.Thismeansinvestinginaffordablehousing,publictransit,andeducation—theinfrastructurethatallowsallcitizenstoparticipateinandcontributetotheneweconomy.五、汉译英（本大题共1小题，20分）将下面的中文短文翻译成英语。社区团购的冷思考近年来，社区团购作为一种新兴的零售模式迅速崛起，吸引了大量资本和互联网巨头的涌入。消费者通过手机应用下单，次日即可在小区附近的提货点领取生鲜食品和日用品。这种便利的购物方式在疫情期间尤其受到欢迎，为居家隔离的居民解决了燃眉之急。然而，社区团购的快速发展也引发了诸多担忧。批评者指出，互联网平台依靠巨额补贴低价销售商品，严重挤压了传统菜市场和小商贩的生存空间。这些小微经营者没有雄厚的资本与之抗衡，面临着客户流失和经营困难的窘境。长期来看，一旦形成市场垄断，平台可能提价，最终损害消费者利益。面对这一情况，政府部门出台了相关规范措施，要求平台不得滥用市场优势地位，不得低于成本价倾销。更重要的是，社会各界开始反思：技术进步的初衷应是惠及所有人，而非以牺牲小微经营者的利益为代价。如何在创新与公平之间找到平衡点，是社区团购未来发展必须回答的问题。

三、全部解析答案（D卷）第一部分笔译综合能力一、词汇与语法选择1.【答案】Beffect【解析】comeintoeffect是固定短语，意为“生效”。affect是动词或名词“影响”，但comeintoaffect是错误的搭配。practice和reality虽可与comeinto搭配（comeintopractice/comeintoreality），但法律/规定生效的标准表达是comeintoeffect。故选B。2.【答案】Cresistance【解析】科学家的理论遭到保守建制的广泛“抵制”。resistance意为“抵抗、抵制”；acceptance意为“接受”；indifference意为“漠不关心”；enthusiasm意为“热情”。与conservativeestablishment形成冲突语境，故选C。3.【答案】Bobjective【解析】组织的主要“目标”是为偏远村庄提供清洁饮用水。objective意为“目标”；obstacle意为“障碍”；objection意为“反对”；observation意为“观察”。故选B。4.【答案】Aopposition【解析】她对提案的“反对”让所有人惊讶，因为她通常非常支持。opposition意为“反对”；approval意为“批准”；endorsement意为“支持、背书”；advocacy意为“倡导”。与normallyverysupportive形成对比，故选A。5.【答案】Cnormalize【解析】两国在数十年敌对后同意“正常化”外交关系。normalize意为“使正常化”；sever意为“切断”；suspend意为“暂停”；avoid意为“避免”。与afterdecadesofhostility对应，normalizerelations是外交术语，故选C。6.【答案】Cderogatory【解析】经理关于员工表现的“贬低性”评论深深伤害了对方。derogatory意为“贬低的”；constructive意为“建设性的”；encouraging意为“鼓励的”；impartial意为“公正的”。deeplyhurtful表明是负面评价，故选C。7.【答案】Arollingout【解析】公司正在“推出”新的营销策略。rollout意为“推出”；calloff意为“取消”；giveup意为“放弃”；holdback意为“阻止”。故选A。8.【答案】Ccircumstantial【解析】法庭上提交的证据是“间接的”，未能说服陪审团。circumstantialevidence意为“间接证据”；compelling意为“有说服力的”；conclusive意为“结论性的”；overwhelming意为“压倒性的”。与failedtoconvince对应，选C。9.【答案】Ctraced【解析】教授的讲座“追溯”了当前政治危机的历史根源。trace意为“追溯”；ignored意为“忽视”；avoided意为“避免”；obscured意为“模糊、掩盖”。故选C。10.【答案】Areceive【解析】Itisofutmostimportancethat+主语+(should)+动词原形，虚拟语气。patient与receive之间为主动关系，用receive（省略should）。故选A。11.【答案】Cease【解析】新政策旨在“减轻”小企业的负担。ease意为“减轻、缓解”；increase意为“增加”；exacerbate意为“加剧”；impose意为“强加”。故选C。12.【答案】Aversion【解析】他对事件的“说法”与其他所有证人的陈述相矛盾。version意为“说法、版本”；summary意为“总结”；analysis意为“分析”；critique意为“批评”。不同证人往往有不同的version，故选A。13.【答案】Aenacted【解析】政府“颁布”了紧急措施应对洪灾。enacted意为“颁布”；proposed意为“提议”；debated意为“辩论”；rejected意为“拒绝”。emergencymeasures需要颁布实施，故选A。14.【答案】Cuniversal【解析】该片获得了“普遍的”评论界赞誉，但未能赢得广泛观众。universalacclaim意为“普遍好评”；negative意为“负面的”；mixed意为“褒贬不一”；minimal意为“极少的”。与butfailedtofindawideaudience构成转折，说明评论界认可度高，故选C。15.【答案】Bprivate【解析】两位领导人举行了“私下”会议讨论贸易问题。private意为“私下的”；public意为“公开的”；adversarial意为“对抗性的”；ceremonial意为“仪式的”。私人会晤是常见外交形式，故选B。16.【答案】Ceroded【解析】公司利润被上涨的能源成本“侵蚀”。eroded意为“侵蚀、逐渐减少”；boosted意为“提升”；maintained意为“维持”；stabilized意为“稳定”。上涨的能源成本会削减利润，故选C。17.【答案】Bchallenged【解析】研究者的发现“挑战”了先前关于该疾病的假设。challenged意为“挑战”；confirmed意为“确认”；repeated意为“重复”；overlooked意为“忽视”。新的研究成果常常挑战旧有假设，选B。18.【答案】Bunanimous【解析】委员会的决策是“一致的”，所有成员投了赞成票。unanimous意为“一致的”；controversial意为“有争议的”；divided意为“分裂的”；ambiguous意为“模糊的”。分号后解释说明，故选B。19.【答案】Abackward-compatible【解析】新软件与旧版本操作系统“向后兼容”。backward-compatible是固定术语，意为“向后兼容”；forward-thinking意为“有前瞻性的”；upward-mobile意为“向上流动的”；downward-facing意为“向下的”。故选A。20.【答案】Bwouldhaveavoided【解析】Hadthecompanyinvested是省略if的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，主句用wouldhavedone。avoid是及物动词，后面losses。故选B。二、完形填空21.【答案】Apriority【解析】几十年来，“优先事项”一直是不惜一切代价增加产量。priority意为“优先事项”；afterthought意为“事后想法”；obstacle意为“障碍”；exception意为“例外”。故选A。22.【答案】Aaccounts【解析】农业“占”全球温室气体排放的大约四分之一。accountfor意为“占……比例”；looksfor意为“寻找”；searchesfor意为“搜索”；compensatesfor意为“补偿”。故选A。23.【答案】Bexceeding【解析】在“不超出”地球生态限制的情况下增加产量。exceeding意为“超出”；respecting意为“尊重”；defining意为“定义”；ignoring意为“忽视”。故选B。24.【答案】Benhance【解析】再生农业的实践能够“提升”土壤健康、保水性和生物多样性。enhance意为“提高、增强”；degrade意为“退化”；neglect意为“忽视”；measure意为“测量”。与regenerative（再生的）概念一致，选B。25.【答案】Csequester【解析】再生农业方法能够从大气中“封存”碳并将其储存在土壤中。sequestercarbon意为“封存碳”；release意为“释放”；emit意为“排放”；produce意为“生产”。从大气中吸收碳并储存，用sequester最准确。26.【答案】Cpromise【解析】植物肉和实验室培养肉提供了“前景”——以极小的环境足迹满足蛋白质需求。promise意为“前景、希望”；risk意为“风险”；cost意为“成本”；uncertainty意为“不确定性”。故选C。27.【答案】Arequires【解析】向可持续农业过渡“需要”大量投资和政策支持。requires意为“需要”；avoids意为“避免”；delays意为“延迟”；prevents意为“阻止”。故选A。28.【答案】Drequire【解析】食品系统的转型是可能的，但它将“需要”前所未有的合作。require意为“需要”；ruleout意为“排除”；giveup意为“放弃”；calloff意为“取消”。故选D。29.【答案】Csecures【解析】问题在于我们能否以一种“确保”下一代未来的方式生产食物。secures意为“保障、确保”；destroys意为“摧毁”；jeopardizes意为“危害”；ignores意为“忽视”。故选C。30.【答案】Adecisive【解析】未来十年将是“决定性的”。decisive意为“决定性的”；irrelevant意为“无关的”；arbitrary意为“武断的”；predictable意为“可预测的”。故选A。三、阅读理解31.【答案】B【解析】文章第一段提出新闻回避现象及其对民主的影响；第二、三、四段分析原因（情绪、无力感、信息过载疲劳）；第五、六段介绍新闻机构的回应及深层次信任危机。整体是分析原因和回应，故选B。32.【答案】C【解析】第二段明确指出：Thisemotionaltollisparticularlyacuteamongyoungeraudiences，即年轻受众受影响最严重。故选C。33.【答案】B【解析】第三段上下文：面对远方危机，人们感到无能为力，新闻从参与工具变成绝望源头。研究者称之为信息消费语境下的“习得性无助”。B项“觉得自己对新闻事件无能为力”最准确。34.【答案】C【解析】第五段提到：Somehaveexperimentedwith’solutionsjournalism‘，即“解决方案新闻学”。A、B、D均未提及。故选C。35.【答案】D【解析】最后一段：Underlyingnewsavoidanceisadeepercrisisoftrust。根本原因是信任危机。A信息过载是原因之一，但不是最根本的；B负面情绪是表面原因；C时间缺乏未提及。故选D。第二部分笔译实务四、英译汉参考译文【参考译文】创意阶层的崛起过去几十年间，发达工业国家的经济发生了深刻的变化。制造业曾是中产阶级就业的基石，却不断收缩，而一股新的经济力量取而代之。城市研究理论家理查德·佛罗里达将这一群体称为“创意阶层”——他们的工作涉及新思想、新技术和新文化形式的创造。创意阶层涵盖了广泛的职业。其核心包括科学家、工程师、建筑师、教育工作者、作家、艺术家和演艺人员。围绕这一核心的是更大范围的创意专业人士，他们分布于商业、金融、法律、医疗及相关领域。佛罗里达估算，创意阶层目前约占美国及其他发达经济体劳动力总数的30%至40%。这一阶层的崛起重塑了城市。创意专业人士倾向于聚集在不仅提供工作岗位、也提供便利设施的城市