高中英语选择性必修一Unit 1同步知识清单

选择性必修第一册Unit1词汇知识清单词汇知识清单1PartIReadingandThinking重点词汇1.physiologyn.生理学;生理机能

2.crucialadj.至关重要的;关键性的

3.vitaladj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的

4.commitvt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)

vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)5.academicadj.学业的;学术的

6.objectiven.目标;目的adj.客观的

7.botanicaladj.植物学的

8.evaluatevt.评价;评估

9.propertyn.性质;特征;财产

10.distinctadj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的

11.boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开

n.沸腾;沸点12.liquidn.液体adj.液体的;液态的

13.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得

vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行14.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢

15.defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜

16.analysevt.分析

17.apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然

18.substancen.物质;物品;事实根据

19.insistvi.&vt.坚持;坚决要求

20.scientificadj.科学(上)的;关于科学的

21.mostlyadv.主要地;一般地

重点短语1.makeadiscovery发现

2.leadto导致；引导

3.diefrom死于......

4.graduatefrom从......毕业

5.inthefightagainst同.....作斗争

6.bychance偶然地

7.drawout取出；拟定；导致

8.insiston坚持

9.betestedon接受检测

10.accordingto根据

重点句式1.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”I.重点词汇1.crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的用法：becrucialto/for...对……至关重要playacrucialpartin/rolein...在……中起至关重要的作用2.vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的用法：bevitalto/for...对……极其重要Itisvitaltodosth.做某事很重要It’svitalthat...……极为重要3.committedadj.尽心尽力的，坚定的；坚信的转化：←commitvt.承诺：保证（某个人、机构等）vi.忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）用法：commitoneselfto(doing)sth承诺做某事becommittedto(doing)sth承诺做某事committedacrime/amistake犯罪/犯错误commit...to...投入……于……4.evaluatevt.评价；评估转化：→evaluation评价；评估例句：Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.我们的研究试图评估不同药物的有效性。Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.人们普遍认为应该从综合素质的角度来评价学生。5.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的：有区别的用法：bedistinctfrom与……不同转化：→distinction6.acknowledgev.承认（属实;权威、地位等）；（公开）感谢；告知收悉用法：acknowledgehavingdonesth.承认做了某事acknowledgethat承认……acknowledgetobe认为是……Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat……普遍认为……7.defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败；战胜用法：sufferadefeat遭受失败acknowledgedefeat承认失败8.insistvt.坚持;坚决要求insiston坚决要求例句：Sheinsistedongoingtothecinemaalone.她坚持自己去看电影。Myfriendinsistedonmygoingtoherbirthdayparty.我的朋友坚持让我参加她的生日聚会。9.conclusionn.结论;推论用法：cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论inconclusion最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾）bringtoaconclusion使……结束。转化：concludevt.得出结论，推断出vi.&vt.（使）结束，终止II.重点句型1.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.后来,用这种药物在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分患者都康复了。【分析】本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是“themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients”,“mostofwhomrecovered”是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。“不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句在关系分句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。当先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;先行词指物时,用which。2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说,“荣誉不只是属于我自己的。”【分析】在本句中,shesaid,...是主句,that引导的句子作hearing的宾语。Uponhearing...是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语,在句中作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on,表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。这种用法常见于正式文体中,根据语境,可翻译为“当……时;一……就……”。例如：Upongraduatingfromcollege,hefirstworkedasateacher,andtheninagovernmentoffice.有时也可用“upon/on+名词”形式表达相同的意思。Onhisreturnfromhisvacation,hebeganwritinghisfirstnovel.他休假回来后,就开始写他的第一部小说。PartIILearningAboutLanguage重点词汇1.conclusionn.结论;推论

2.penicillinn.青霉素;盘尼西林

3.fleevi.&vt.迅速离开;逃跑

4.circumstancen.[usuallypl.]条件;环境;状况

5.novelistn.小说家

6.noveln.(长篇)小说

7.flown.流;流动;流畅;供应vi.流;流动

8.chartn.图表vt.记录;制订计划

重点短语1.wearandtear磨损；损耗

2.flowchart流程图

3.withgreateffort努力地

4.bedistinctfrom与......不同

5.bewellknownfor以......而著名

6.cometoaconclusion得出结论

7.withtheobjectiveof带着......的目的

8.changeone’smind改变某人的主意

9.careabout

关心；在乎10.showpromisein在......显示出潜力

11.beyondone’scontrol失去控制

12.underconstruction在建设中

重点句式ItstruckhimthattheotherChinesemeninthephotoapparentlydidnotcareaboutwhatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen.I’dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.I.重点词汇1.conclusionn.结论;推论例：Yourinformationisinaccurateandyourconclusionisthereforewrong.你的信息不准确,所以你的结论是错误的。Idrewaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.我从我自己的经历中得出结论:患难见真情。2.circumstancen.条件;环境;状况例：Obviouslywecan’tdealwiththeproblemuntilweknowallthecircumstances.显然,我们只有了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。Iwishwecouldhavemetunderhappiercircumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。II.重点句式1.ItstruckhimthattheotherChinesemeninthephotoapparentlydidnotcareaboutwhatwashappeningtotheirfellowcountrymen.他感到惊讶的是,照片中的其他中国男人显然不在乎同胞们发生了什么。【句式剖析】it是形式主语,that引导的句子是真正的主语,what引导的句子作介词about的宾语。Itstrikessbthat...某人突然想到……,某人感到惊讶的是……Itstruckmethatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.我突然意识到和另一支球队比赛对队里所有的女孩来说都是一个很好的学习机会。2.I’dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.我想再试一次那种中草药,它似乎对我的咳嗽最有效。【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。主句是I’dliketotry...,which引导的是非限制性定语从句。wouldlike意为“愿意;想要”,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。SheaskedmewhatIwouldliketodoandmentionedaparticularjob.她问我想干什么,然后提到了一份特别的工作。Iwouldliketothankthemforallowingmetodeveloptheiroriginalidea.我想感谢他们允许我深入完善他们最初的想法。PartIIUsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgress重点词汇1.foundvt.创建;建立;把……建立在

2.infervt.推断;推定

3.politiciann.从政者;政治家;政客

4.numerousadj.众多的;许多的

5.theoryn.理论;学说

6.relativityn.相对论;相对性

7.geniusn.天才;天资;天赋

8.gentleadj.温柔的;文静的

9.patentn.专利;专利证书;获得专利adj.有专利的;受专利保护的

10.passionn.酷爱;激情

11.extraordinaryadj.不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的

12.graduallyadv.逐渐地;逐步地

13.institutionn.社会公共机构;制度;习俗

14.instituten.(教育、专业等)机构;机构建筑

15.consequencen.结果;后果

16.draftn草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟

17.peculiarityn.个性;特点;怪异的性质

18.encountervt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇

19.professorn.教授

20.mournvt.&.vi.哀悼;忧伤

21.remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的

22.devicen.方法;技巧;装置;仪器

23.sumvi.总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和

重点短语1.makegreatadvancementin在......取得进展

2.givereasonsfor给出......的原因

3.atothertime在另一些时候

4.foramoment一会儿

5.holdonamoment请稍等

6.onthetipofmytongue就在我嘴边

7.bringhappinessto

给......带来快乐8.makegreatcontributionsto为......做出巨大贡献

9.cometopower（开始）掌权；上台

10.takeupaposition担任；任职

11.sumup

总结；概括12.dueto

由于13.outofastrongpassion出于强烈的爱好

14.asaconsequence因此

15.standonend

倒立16.bemistakenfor被误认为是

17.passaway

去世18.putforward提出

18.bebasedon以......为基础

20.playakeyrolein在......起重要作用

重点句式1.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.2.On18April1955,itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.I.重点词汇1.foundvt.创立;建立;把……建立在例：HefoundedtheCentreforJournalismStudiesatUniversityCollegeCardiff.他在加的夫大学学院成立了新闻学研究中心。ThevillagewasfoundedbysettlersfromtheVolgaregion.来自伏尔加地区的移民建了这个村庄。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,isoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.清华大学建立于1911年,是中国最好的大学之一。2.infervt.推断;推定例：Iinferredfromherexpressionthatshewantedtoleave.从她的表情我可以推断出,她想离开。Muchofthemeaningmustbeinferredfromthecontext.大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。3.cometo/intopower(开始)掌权;上台例：Afterhecameintopower,thePresidentdeliveredawonderfulspeech.总统上台之后,发表了一篇精彩的演说。Itissaidthatthenewmayorwillcomeintopowernextmonth.据说,新市长下个月执政。4.consequencen.结果;后果例：Manybelievethatpovertyisadirectconsequenceofoverpopulation.许多人认为贫穷是人口过剩的直接后果。Ifclimatechangescontinue,wewillsuffertheconsequences.如果气候变化继续下去,我们将自食其果。5.takeupaposition担任;任职例：Aftergraduating,hetookupapositioninacomputercompany.毕业后,他去了一家电脑公司任职。Helefttotakeupanewpositionwithanothercompany.他走了,在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。【词汇拓展】takeup还有“占用(时间);占据(空间);继续;开始;接受;拿起;从事”等含义。例：IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldn’twanttotakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我知道您肯定特别忙,我当然不想占用您太多的时间。Hewilltakeuphispostastheheadofthecivilcourtsattheendofnextmonth.他将在下个月底就任民事法庭庭长一职。6.encountervt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇例：Theyencounteredseriousproblemswhentwomembersoftheexpeditionwereinjured.当探险队的两名队员受伤时,他们遇到了严重的问题。ItwastheencounterwithMarythatdelayedhim.就是由于同玛丽的邂逅而耽搁了他。7.sumvi.总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和例：Tosumup,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexercise.总之,为了有一个健康的心脏,你必须经常锻炼。Theypresentedasumofmoneytothecollegeinmemoryoftheirson.为了纪念他们的儿子,他们向学院赠送了一笔钱。Thecity’sproblemcanbesummedupinthreewords:toomanypeople.城市的问题可以概括为三个字:人太多。II.重点句式1.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.他为世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和著名的E=mc2公式。【句式剖析】本句中的themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2是独立主格结构。其基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+动词-ing形式。例：Thefloorbeingwetandslippery,wehadtostayoutsideforawhile.地板湿滑,我们不得不在外面待一会儿。Somanystudentsbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.那么多学生缺席,会议不得不延期。【句式拓展】独立主格还可以用“名词/代词+过去分词/动词不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”表示。例：Thejobnotfinished,wecouldn’tseethefilm.工作没有完成,我们不能去看电影。Thesearethefirsttwobooks,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.这是前两本书,第三本下个月出版。Manypeoplejoinedintherescuework,someofthemwomenandchildren.许多人加入了救援工作,其中一些是妇女和儿童。2.On18April1955,itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway,andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.据报道,1955年4月18日,爱因斯坦逝世,全世界哀悼这位杰出科学家的逝世。【句式剖析】本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中,it是形式主语,后面的that从句是真正的主语。Itwasreportedthat...意为“据报道……”。例：Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.据报告在一两天内气温将急剧下降。Itisreportedthattheproductionhasbeenputintouse.据报道,这种产品已投入使用。语法知识清单语法知识清单2非限制性定语从句一、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是指在复合句中对某些名词、代词或主句等被修饰部分作进一步说明的定语从句。在一般情况下,非限制性定语从句都由一个逗号将其与句子的其他部分分开,在译成汉语时多译成一个并列句。Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadium.大约在公元80年,罗马人建造了斗兽场,它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场。MynameisLiHua,whomyoutaughtoralEnglishwhenIwasinSenior1.我叫李华,高一的时候你教过我英语口语。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocool.我想成为一名消防员,消防员的制服看起来很酷。【注意】(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,常用forwhich代替why。(3)引导非限制性定语从句的关系词作宾语时,不可省略。1.who,whom,whose引导的非限制性定语从句(1)关系代词who,whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whom作宾语;介词后用whom,不用who。(3)whose作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+ofwhom。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+ofwhich。(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.一个监督电影中处理动物的方法的非营利组织,正在密切关注今年2000多部电影的制作。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)“Nicolo,”whoserealname(=therealnameofwhom)cannotbeexposedtothepublicbecauseofItaly’sprivacylaws,finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.因为意大利的隐私法,“Nicolo”的真实名字不能被透露给公众,他在都灵的一家工厂完成了一整夜的工作。【要点归纳】非限制性定语从句的关系词及用法一览表非限制性定语从句关系词用法说明who,whom,whose,which指人时可用who(主语),whom(宾语);指物时可用which(主语或宾语);whose既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中作定语when,where,when指时间,where指地点,它们都在句中作状语asas引导非限制性定语从句时,常指代整个主句,有“正如,就像”之意(代词+)介词+which/whom关系代词which或whom前可以有(复合)介词,如:inwhich,mostofwhich,noneofwhom等2.when,where的用法(1)关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语。(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词+which”。(2021·全国甲卷改编)SouthbankisthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.南岸是英国滑板运动的中心,那里滑板不断地撞击让你的脑袋嗡嗡作响。TheMid-autumnfestivalfallsonAugust15thoftheChineselunarcalendar,whenpeopleofafamilygettogetherandenjoythedinnertogether.中秋节在中国农历八月十五,家人们会在这一天聚在一起享用晚餐。3.which,as引导非限制性定语从句的区别关系代词aswhich指代指代整个主句①指代整个主句②指代主句的一部分从句位置主句之前、之中或之后不能位于主句之前意义正如这,那Thankyouforyourletter,whichreallymademehappy.谢谢你的信,这真的让我很高兴。Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.正如几周前有人在本报刊登的文章中指出的那样,他们爱吃美食,而且从不发胖。4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”中,关系代词用whom指人,用which指物。Selfieisapopularwayofshowingthemselves,throughwhichsometeenagersmaygainmoreconfidence.自拍是一种很受欢迎的展示自我的方式,通过这种方式一些青少年可以获得更多的自信。I’dliketorecommendPekingOperaClubtoyou,fromwhichIbelieveyouwilllearnalot.我想向你推荐京剧俱乐部,我相信你可以从中学到很多。Ourclassconsistsof40students,allofwhomareworkinghardattheirlessons.我们班由40名学生组成,他们都学习很努力。二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别项目限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句作用起限定作用,限制或约束先行词,是先行词不可缺少的定语,不可去掉,否则主句意义不完整对先行词或整个主句附加说明,可以省略结构不用逗号与主句隔开用逗号与主句隔开引导词1.作宾语时可省略,介词之后的关系词不能省略2.可用that1.作宾语时不可省略2.不可用thatJustbyscanningtheQRcodethat/whichappearsbehindtheseat,onecanunlockasharedbicycle.仅仅扫描座位后的二维码,就能够解锁共享单车。Worsestill,somegamesarefullofviolence,whichwillbeharmfultoyourmentalhealth.更糟糕的是,一些游戏充满了暴力,这对你的精神健康有害。Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.后来,他在非洲工作,那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。语篇知识清单语篇知识清单3写作指导【写作试题】假定你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友Jenny来信,让你介绍一位你最崇拜的中国科学家,请你根据下列表格中的内容提示给她写一封回信。姓名梁建英出生年份1972年职务中国高铁总设计师主要经历(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作(2)研制出时速300—350千米高速动车组(3)2015年获奖注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:高速动车组high-speedEMU【写作策略】一、审题定调1.确定体裁:本次写作要求是一封信件,内容为介绍一位自己最崇拜的中国科学家。2.确定人称:本文介绍的是一位科学家,所以要用第三人称。3.确定时态:时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。二、谋篇布局本文分为三个段落。第一段:首先介绍自己最崇拜的科学家的名字及其职务;第二段:介绍梁建英的出生年份,再介绍其主要经历;第三段:表达自己对人物的看法。三、常用语块generaldesignerof……的总设计师wasbornin出生于graduatefromuniversity大学毕业devoteallone’stimeto致力于……outstandingcontributions杰出的贡献playaleadingrolein在……起主导作用asaconsequence结果setagoodexampletous给我们树立了好的榜样realizeourdreams实现我们的梦想四、遣词造句普通表达高级表达◆Sinceshegraduatedfromuniversityin1995,shehasbeendoingresearchintothedevelopmentoftheChinahigh-speedrailway.◆Sheinventedthe300-350km/hhigh-speedEMU,whichmakesitmoreconvenientforustogetaroundquickly.◆Becauseofheroutstandingcontributionstoourcountry,Chinaisplayingaleadingroleinhigh-speedrailwaysallovertheworld.◆Sinceshegraduatedfromuniversityin1995,shehasbeendevotingallhertimetoresearchingintothedevelopmentoftheChinahigh-speedrailway.◆Afterwards,sheinventedthe300-350km/hhigh-speedEMU,makingitmoreconvenientforustogetaroundquickly.◆ItisbecauseofheroutstandingcontributionstoourcountrythatChinaisplayingaleadingroleinhigh-speedrailwaysallovertheworld.【参考范文】DearJenny,TheChinesescientistIadmiremostisLiangJianying,generaldesigneroftheChinahigh-speedEMU.LiangJianyingwasbornin1972.Sinceshegraduatedfromuniversityin1995,shehasbeendevotingallhertimetoresearchingintothedevelopmentoftheChinahigh-speedrailway.Afterwards,sheinventedthe300-350km/hhigh-speedEMU,makingitmoreconvenientforustogetaroundquickly.ItisbecauseofheroutstandingcontributionstoourcountrythatChinaisplayingaleadingroleinhigh-speedrailwaysallovertheworld.Asaconsequence,shewasawardedin2015.LiangJianyinghassetagoodexampletous.Fromher,Irealizethatweshouldkeepontryinguntilwerealizeourdreams.Yours,LiHua提能强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWhenshefirststartedlearningaboutclimatechangefromoneofherelders,FawnSharpwasinvitedonahelicopterflightovertheOlympicMountainstosurveytheMountAndersonglacier.Buttheglacierwasgone,meltedbythewarmingclimate.Sharphadadeepsenseoflosswhenshediscoveredtheglacierwasn’tthereanymore.Lossisagrowingissueforpeopleworkingandlivingonthefrontlinesofclimatechange.AndthatgaveJenniferWrenAtkinson,afull-timelecturerattheUniversityofWashingtonBothell,US,anideaforaclass.Thisterm,shetaughtstudentsontheBothellcampusabouttheemotionalburdensofenvironmentalstudies.SheusedtheexperiencesofNativeAmericantribes(部落),scientistsandactivists,andaskedher24studentstofacetherealitythatthereisnoeasyfix—that“thisissuchanintractableproblemthatthey’regoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives”.StudentCodyDillonusedtobeaclimatescienceskeptic(怀疑论者).Thenhedidhisownreadingandresearch,andchangedhismind.Dillonwasn’tgoingintoenvironmentalwork—hewasacomputer-sciencemajor.Yet,thepotentialforaworldwideenvironmentalcatastropheseemedsorealtohimfiveyearsagothathequithisjobandbecameafull-timevolunteerforanenvironmentalgroupthatworkedonrestoration(恢复)projects.Sixmonthsintothework,hedecidedthatAtkinson’sclasswasjustwhathewaslookingfor—aplacewherehecoulddiscusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.Atkinsonsaidshehopedtheclasshelpedherstudentspreparethemselvesfortheamountofenvironmentallossthatwouldhappenovertheirlifetimes.“Wearealreadychangingtheplanet—somanyspeciesaregoingtobelost,displacedormassivelyimpacted,”shesaid.“Thefutureisn’tgoingtobewhattheyimagined.”1.WhydidtheauthormentionthecaseofFawnSharp?A.TolayabasisforFawnSharp’sfurtherresearch.B.ToproveFawnSharp’sworkissimilartoAtkinson’s.C.Toleadintotheissueoflosscausedbyclimatechange.D.Toshowscientists’concernabouttheMountAndersonglacier.2.What’sthemainpurposeofAtkinson’sclass?A.Toexplorehowdifferentpeopledealwithclimatechange.B.Togetstudentsmoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentalissue.C.TofindsolutionstotheenvironmentalissueofOlympicMountains.D.Toteachstudentshowtoconductresearchaboutenvironment.3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“intractable”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Simple.B.Difficult.C.Common. D.Interesting.4.HowdidAtkinson’sclassinfluenceDillon?A.Itmadehimworkasapart-timevolunteerforrestorationprojects.B.Itmadehimrealizeaplanet-wideclimatedisasterwouldhappen.C.Itencouragedhimtobemoreinvolvedinenvironmentalprotection.D.Itdiscouragedhimtoworkonrestorationprojectsfortheenvironment.BTosolveabigenvironmentalproblem,chemistshavebeenthinkingsmall.Reallysmall:anewminirobotwiththepurposeofhelpingcleanuptinyplasticpollutingwateracrosstheglobe.Thenewmicrorobots,eachofwhichisnobiggerthanthetipofapencil,aremagnetic(磁性的)andshapedlikefour-pointedstars.Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswiminaspecificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappears,theystopmoving.Findingapieceofplastic,theyholdontoit,producechemicalreactionsandstarttobreakitdown.TheprojectisledbychemistMartinPumera,aresearcherwhoalsostudieswaystobuildmicrorobotsattheCzechUniversityinPrague.Abouttenyearsago,henoticedthemicroplasticwaseverywhere,fromthebottomoftheoceantotheiceonthetopofmountains.Iteventurnedupindrinkingwater,bothbottledandtapwater.Justthinkabouthowmuchplasticyouencountereveryday.Itdoesn’teasilydegrade(降解),whichisabigproblem.Therefore,Pumerachosetofocusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedbymicroplastic.Theresearcherstestedthemicrorobotsonfourtypesofplasticinthelab.Afteraweek,allfourbegandegrading,losingbetween0.5and3percentoftheirweight,whichindicatedtheywerebreakingdown.Therobotsalsoturnedtheplastic’ssmoothsurfaceintorough.Finally,theycouldbecollectedforreusealongwiththeplasticwastewithoutcausingnewpollution.Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Thesemicrorobotsareunlikelytosucceedindegradingalltypesofplastics.They’llalsoneedalotoftestingtoshowthatthey’resafeinopenwaterways,suchasatsea.Buthethinksthatthesechallengescanbeovercome.Someday,themicrorobotswillplayabigroleinaworldwidecleanupeffort.5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewmicrorobot?A.Itisofaroundshape.B.Itisassmallasapencil.C.Itisdrivenbysunlight.D.Itusesphysicalreaction.6.WhatinspiredPumeratodesignthemicrorobot?A.Theiceonthemountains.B.Secretsoftheoceanbottom.C.Thelackofdrinkingwater.D.Themicroplasticpollution.7.Howdoesamicrorobotdealwiththeplastic?A.Collectingitforreuse.B.Makingitssurfacesmooth.C.Absorbingitcompletely.D.Breakingitdowntosomeextent.8.WhatisPumera’sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Confident.C.Regretful. D.Critical.Ⅱ.七选五(2023湖南长沙长郡中学模拟)Humanbodieswereactuallydesignedforwalking,awonderfulformofexerciseatnocost.It’skindtoourbodiesandgreatforourwaistlines.1

Probablyyoualreadylovetowalk,butyou’regettingboredoftracingthesameoldroutedayafterday,ormaybeyou’renewtowalkingandaren’tsurehowtogetstarted.2Askyourself,whatdoyouwanttogetoutofwalkingasidefromthehealthbenefits?Doyouwanttomeetotherpeople?Seenewplaces?Getoutintothecountrysideorexploreanewcity?Knowingyourgoalswillhelpyoudecideonthetypeofwalkyouwanttodo.

Callupyourfriendsandschedulewalkswiththemifsocializingisyouraim.3Manymallshavegroupsthatcomeeveryday,oreveryweekend,to“walkthemall”.Thesegroupsarealwayshappytoincludeonemorewalker!

4Manylargecitieshaveincrediblegardensandparksthatincludequietwalkingtrailsgettingyouoffthebeatenpath.ThankstotheRailstoTrailsprogram,railwaysacrossthecountryarebeingtransformedintoscenicwalkingpathsthatareaperfectwaytoseekcalmness.

Fromthebenefitstoyourhearttoyouroverallhappiness,walkingisjustplaingoodforyou.5It’safantasticwaytogettoknowaplacebythepowerofyourowntwofeet.

A.Thismonth,pickupamapandstartwalking.B.Askyourfriendswheretheyliketowalkandjustgothere.C.Youmayaswellconsiderheadingtoanewcityforachange.D.Eitherway,it’stimetoaccepttheideaofwalkingwithapurpose.E.Recently,sciencehasprovedthatwalkingisgoodforyourbodyshape.F.Andbestofall,it’sagreatwaytoseenewthingsandmeetnewpeople!G.Ifyou’reafterwalkingalone,askaboutlocalhikesthatgetyouawayfromthecrowd.Ⅲ.完形填空InanationalspellingcontestinAmerica,an11-year-oldgirlwasaskedtospellacertainword.Butwithher1voice,thejudgeswerenotsurewhethershespelledtherightword.Theytalkeditoverand2decidedtosimplyaskherwhatshehadsaid.Bythen,thegirlknewshehadmisspelledtheword.Insteadoflying,shetoldthetruththatshehadsaidthe3letter—soshelostthecontest.

Asthegirlwalkedoffthe4,theentireaudiencestood,clappingtoapplaudherhonesty.Later,dozensofnewspaperreporterswroteaboutthis5,eventhoughitcostthegirlthecontest.Butthefactisthatshe6thebiggestcontestthatday:thecontestofhercharacter.

Probablythebiggesttestofourcharacterandhonestyiswhatwewoulddoifweknewwewouldneverget7.Thisyounggirlcouldeasilyhave8andnobodywouldhaveknownitbutherself.Butit’sbeensaidthatifyou9,youmakeyourselfcheap.Thisyounggirlwas10enoughtoprizeherowncharactermorethantheprizefromaspellingcontest.Sheknewthe11shemadeinthatmomentwillhavealong-lastinginfluenceonherfuture.

Shouldthewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocketor12tothepoliceman?Shouldthe13changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor14?Nobodywillknow.Butwehavetolivewithourselves,anditisalwaysbettertolivewithsomeonewe15.

1.A.high B.sweetC.tough D.soft2.A.finally B.seriouslyC.secretly D.totally3.A.correct B.wrongC.different D.same4.A.stage B.studioC.test D.classroom5.A.lesson B.storyC.courage D.accident6.A.achieved B.brokeC.won D.defeated7.A.paid B.awardedC.reported D.caught8.A.escaped B.liedC.changed D.answered9.A.accept B.fightC.cheat D.insist10.A.smart B.generousC.energetic D.interested11.A.plan B.conclusionC.discovery D.choice12.A.turnedover B.putawayC.setaside D.takendown13.A.small B.someC.extra D.necessary14.A.ignored B.paidC.shared D.returned15.A.protect B.challengeC.respect D.attackⅣ.语法填空(2022全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep1.(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.

Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,2.losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation3.(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.4.friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.

CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental5.(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore6.(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.

Inthelastfiveyears,Cao7.(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s8.(high)mountain.

Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers9.Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,10. (plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.

参考答案UNIT1提能强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。FawnSharp通过一次搭乘直升机飞行的经历认识到了冰川融化和环境污染问题的严重性;同时JenniferWrenAtkinson决定给学生开设课程,教学生如何面对环境污染,让更多的学生关注环境问题。1.C推理判断题。通读第一段可知,FawnSharp在一次直升机飞行中意识到气候变化导致了冰川融化。由此可推知,作者在第一段中提及FawnSharp的例子是为了引出下文气候变化导致环境问题的话题。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,由于气候变化引起环境问题,她产生了在大学开设环境保护课程的想法。由此可知,Atkinson开设课程的目的是让学生更加关注环境问题。3.B词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“noeasyfix”以及下文的“they’regoingtobedealingwithitfortherestoftheirlives”可知,这是一个十分困难的问题,以至于学生们要用他们的余生来解决它。4.C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Sixmonthsintothework...discusshisconcernsaboutachangingclimate.”可知,Dillon在环保组织做了六个月志愿者之后,他认为在Atkinson的课堂上他可以讨论他对气候变化的担忧。由此可推知,Atkinson的课鼓励Dillon更多地参与到环境保护中。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种新型微型机器人,它可以帮助清理污染水道的塑料碎片。5.C细节理解题。由第二段中的“Whenthesunlightshinesonthem,theycanswiminaspecificdirection;whenthesunlightdisappears,theystopmoving.”可知,新型微型机器人是由阳光驱动的。故选C项。6.D细节理解题。由第三段中的“Abouttenyearsago,henoticed...easilydegrade,whichisabigproblem.Therefore,Pumerachosetofocusontheproblemofwaterpollutioncausedbymicroplastic.”可知,微塑料不容易降解,无处不在。微塑料污染给环境带来了挑战,这是吸引Pumera从事该项研究的原因之一。由此可知,微塑料污染激发了Pumera设计微型机器人的灵感。故选D项。7.D细节理解题。由第