考博英语模拟试卷118

考博英语模拟试卷118

一、词汇（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

1、Withherlastchildhavinglefthome,shefeltaneedtofillhertime.

A、tense

B、thorough

C、pressing

D^small

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、itisgenerallythoughtthatasteachersworkwithstudents,psychologycourseworkis

toteacher-training.

A、indispensable

inviolate

C>indisposed

D、invariable

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreat

despairtotheirlives.

A、overflow

B、scalier

C^permeate

D、manipulate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、FearofpirateledtheFrenchtofortifytheircoastline.

ANexcursions

B、incursions

C^transmigrations

D、transmogrifications

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Duringtheoilcrisisofthe1970s,manystatesspeedlimitstoreducegasoline

use.

A^implanted

B、imposed

C、impaired

D、impressed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

6^Over-iaxaiion,manyargue,impedesinitiative,sothatgovernmentincomemay

actually.

A、mushroom

B、capsize

C、shrink

D、dispel

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、Theassassinhidhimselfcarefullyfromviewbeforehisfuturevictim.

A^drawingfrom

B、drawingup

C^drawingwith

D^drawingon

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、Heneverexertshimselftoaidthosetryingtoadifficultsituation.

A、rectify

B、modify

C、solidify

D、verify

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Hisalibiwasfishy,yettoclosescrutiny.

A、stoodstill

withstood

C、stoodup

D、stoodoff

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、Practitionersoflawandmedicineareesteemedinmanycountrieswhichseemsto

indicatethatdependsonprofessionortitle.

A^prestige

B、superiority

C、privilege

D、merit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、Themajorityoftheobserversat(heconference,incontradistinctiontoihcdelegates,

wereopposedtoratification.

A、adjournment

distribution

C、tabling

D、approval

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、AlthoughitwasnoneofmybusinessIaskedheriftheoneshewaslamentingfor

wasinanywaykin.

A、speakingfor

B、runningrisksfor

C^pleadingfor

D、mourningfor

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、Icouldneverspendthetimethathedoespouringoversportsmagazines,compiling

intricatelists,andcalculatingaverages.

A、delicate

incomprehensible

C、meaningless

D、complicated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、InEngland,LatinappearsnevertohavesupersededtheoldGaelicspeechamongthe

people.

A^joined

B、replaced

C、influenced

D、givenwayto

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、Landslidestriggeredbyheavyrainfallimpededourbestattemptsatrescuingthe

victims.

A^encouraged

B、hindered

C、nullified

D、crowned

标准答案：B

知以点解析：暂无解析

16、Deathensuedasaresultofsuffocation.

A、heartfailure

B、anaccident

C、disease

D^asphyxiation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、Wemustsafeguardagainstcoercedconfessions.

A、bribed

emotional

C^unprofitable

D、forced

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Myattentionwasengagedbythearticle'scaption.

A、graph

B、author

C、contents

D、title

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、Thereportwasunusualinthatitinsinuatedcorruptiononthepartoftheminister.

A、denied

B、suggested

C、proposed

D^stated

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、Whenanewspaperprintsaninaccuratedateforanevent,universalchagrinresults.

A^discomfiture

amusement

C、reprisal

D、lossofprofit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、语法（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

21、sugarsaltisoilwater.

A^Notas...as

B、Nomorethan...as

C、Notmorethan...is

D^Notmorethan...as

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

22>Hismotherfrequentlydenieshimpermissiontodothings,andthatis.

A、ever

B、this

C^that

D、over

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、Thestaffinpediatricsrushedwhereasthegeriatricwardisnotbusyatall.

A、isnearlyalways

B、nearlyisalways

C、alwaysisnearly

D、isalwaysnearly

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

24>AnaisNin'sdiariesareoftenscandalous,probablybecauseshedescribesherselfas

sheisratherthan.

A^othersdefineher

B>asothersdefineher

C^herdefinitionbyothers

D、sheisdefinedbyothers

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、,themayorconcededdefeatinhisbidforre-election.

A^Havingrackedupaleadofsome150000votes

Havingbeenrackedupaleadofsome150000votes

C、Hisopponenthavingrackedupaleadofsome150000votes

D、Hisopponentrackingupaleadofsome150000votes

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、Neverhasascientificexplanationemerged,someonesomewherehas

objectedtoii.

A、that

B、which

C>whom

D、but

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、Yourmentorandfriendtosupportmeinmyfinancial,undertaking.

Axhaveconsented

B、hasconsented

C、havebeenconsenting

D、areconsented

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、Dueinlargeparttothecomplexityofitsstructure-overtwohundredbones

togetherbyligaments-thehumanskeletonisamarvelofarchitecturalconstruction.

A、binding

B、bound

C^bounded

D、bind

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、Inasmuchasayeardoesnotelapsewithoutacertainnumberofvillagersfalling

victimtotheferocityofatiger,itsroarisheardbythenativesfeelingsof

terror.

not...with

B、not...without

C、seldom...with

D^always...without

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、Iregrettosaythatyourthesisrequiresmorethinkingthanfortheproblemis

exceedinglycomplex.

A^tobeputin

B、hasbeenputin

C、beingputin

D、havebeenputin

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、Oneofthe(moreintriguing)theoriesaboutihedestructionofUrishiscontention

thatthepopulation(maydestroy)theirzigguratsand(abandoned)theirmetropolisin

angeragainstthedeitiesthatpermitted(solong)afamine.

A、moreintriguing

B、maydestroy

C、abandoned

D、solong

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、Inthebush,theill(tookittobe)onlylogical(if)theonewhocoulddureanillness

(shouldalsopossess)theabilityofcausingit,and(that)evenatadistance.

A^tookittobe

B、if

C>shouldalsopossess

D、that

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、Oreswhich(arcuucuncd)nalurally(as)elements,suchasgold(arcof)extreme

rarityand(areoccasionally)ofhighvalue.

A、areoccurred

B、as

C、areof

D、areoccasionally

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：暂无解析

34Unless(theyaresopermitted)bytheattending(physician),novisitorsorrelatives

(can)enter,the(patient's)room

A^theyarcsopermitted

B、physician

C、can

D、patient's

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、Arigorousalertness(mustbe)(adhered)when(notetaking)withtheinessential

ignored(and)thesuperfluouseliminated.

A、mustbe

B、adhered

C、notetaking

D、and

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、Itis(largely)throughperspiration,(or)theevaporationofwater(through)thepores,

thathumans(ridthem)ofexcessmoisture.

A^largely

B、or

C、through

D^ridthem

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、(Provided)thecomputeris(given)correctinformation(tostart),accuracy(is)

anotheroutstandingadvantage.

A、Provided

B、given

C、tostart

D、is

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、And(soearly)everymorning(therefore),butnotbeforetheinfant(bathed),(didshe

betake)herselftotheouthouse.

A^soearly

B、therefore

C^bathed

D、didshebetake

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、He(stood)ontiptoe,(stretching)asfarashecould,(however),still,he(couldnot

reach)thebook.

A、stood

stretching

C、however

D^couldnotreach

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、(Asgentleaspossible),and(withhelpfrom)anassistant,theveterinarianexamined

thehippotodetermine(if)(she)waspregnant.

A^Asgentleaspossible

B、withhelpfrom

C、if

D、she

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、阅读理解(本题共35题，每题1.0分，共35分。)

Researchersdisagreewhetherthe"useitorloseit"philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,

butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.At

PennsylvaniaSlateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,have

studied5000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseases

mayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseases

canrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtobe

relativelyaftluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectually

stimulatingthingsliketravel.Educationhelps,too,researcherssaybecauseofinstillsthe

convictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohas

someotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewiihastimulatingspouse,theysay,

helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrant

arcoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat"theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore"

Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoften

yieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostay

morementallyfit,hesays.Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingon

specificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatial

skillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percent

regainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisuo-spatial

skills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryand

simplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.Finally,rememberthis.

Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininone

keyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven

60s.

41、Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscuss.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、Theword"it"inthesaying"useitorloseit1'(paragraph1)referto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、According;totheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitive

aging?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthatmighthelppreventmenial

declines.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

45>Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdom

EXCEPTthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Generationgapsarenothingnew.Imperfectcommunicationbetweenagegroupsplagued

theancientGreeksandcurrentworksalike.Manyanolderworkerchafesatanunder-30

colleaguewhosurfstheInternet,listenstohisSonyWalkmanandchatsonthephoneor

withhisdeskmate,allwhileworkingonaprojectdueinanhour.Sometimes,ofcourse,

heisn'tcorking,andthat'sawholedifferentissue.Butsometimesheisgettinglotsof

greatstuffdone.Inthemeantime,thedifferentworkstylescreateacaseof"Wouldyou

pleaseshutup'*vs."Lightenup.Getalife"MarcPrensky,vicepresidentofBankersTrust

andfounderofitsinteractivelearningsubsidiary,CorporateGameware,wasonpointin

Acrosstheboard,apublicationoftheconferenceboard.Thebusinessresearch

organizationtitledPrensky'sarticle"TwitchSpeed/'areferencetothefastpaceofvideo

gameplay.Todayunder-30workerslikelygrewupinanmltimedia,technology-rich,

twitch-speedenvironmeni.Prenskysaystheysimultaneouslydidhomework,watchedTV

andlistenedtomusic;thisexposurechangedthewaystheyreceiveandprocess

information.Babyboomersandolderworkersmayormaynothavedonehomeworkby

TV,butmuchelsehaschanged.Sociologistssaytheover-30saremorelikelytowant

roomdoorsclose.TVoff,onethinghappeningatatime,quiet,please!Whenthetwo

heritagesclashintheworkplace,itpitscomfortwithspeedand"multitasking"against

comfortwithdeliberationandfocusedconcentration.Soundfamiliar?Ifthegaphas

becomeachasminyourworkplace,it'stimetotalk.Bothworkstylescanbeproductive,

butbothsidesneedtomakeaccommodationssotheother'sproductivityisn'timpaired.

46、Thispassageismainlytalkingabout.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、Fromthecontextwemayfigureoutthattheword"plagued"(paragraph1)means

标准答案.C

知识点初析：暂无解析

48、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、TheauthoragreeswithMarcPrenskyonthepointthatyoungerworkersprefera

"multitasking"stylebecause.

标准答案.C

知识点露斤：暂无解析

50、Theauthormaintainsthatbothsidesshouldifthetwopatternworkstyles

clashheadlong.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldin

identicallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesas

sacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,andifa

parentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,

isanimprovementontheprintedtest,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairy

talesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.To

provethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwho

havereadfairystoriesweremoreoftengO.iltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Every

childhasaggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulsesand.onthewhole,theirsymbolic

verbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.As

tofears,therearcIthink,wcll-authcnticatcdcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrified

bysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesformthechildhavingheardthestory

once,familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintootherpleasureof

thefearfacedandmastered.Therearealsopeoplewhoobjectfairystoriesonthegrounds

thattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatfaints,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,

etc,donotexist,andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshould

betaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,I

mustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.

Iftheireaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNew

YorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebelief

thatitwastheirenchantedgirlfriend.Nofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionof

theexternalworkandnosanechildhadeverbelievedthatitwas.

51、Theauthorconsidersthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

52^Somepeopledislikefairystoriestheyfeelthatthey.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、Fairystoriesareameansbywhichchildren'simpulsesmaybe.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

54>Theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、Theauthor'smentionofbroomsticksandtelephonesismeanttosuggestthat

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Noothercountryspendswhatwedopercapitaformedicalcare.Thecareavailableis

amongtheBesttechnically,evenifusedtoolavishlyandthusdangerously,butnoneof

thecountriesthatstandaboveusinhealthstatushavesuchahighproportionofmedically

disenfranchisedpersons.Giventheevidencethatmedicalcareisnotthatvaluableand

accesstocareisnorthathad,itseemsmostunlikelythatourbadshowingiscausedBy

thesignificantproportionwhoarepoorlyserved.Otherhypotheseshavegreater

explanatorypower:excessivepoverty,bothactualandrelative,andexcessiveaffluence.

ExcessivepovertyisprobablymoreprevalentintheU.S.thaninanyofthecountriesthat

haveabetterinfantmortalityrateandfemalelifeexpectancyatbirth.Thisisprobably

truealsoforallbutfourorfiveofthecountrieswithalongermalelifeexpectancy.Inthe

notablypoorcountiesthaiexceedusinmalesurvival,difficultlivingconditionsarea

moreacceptedwayoflifeandinseveralofthem,agoodbasicdiet,basicmedicalcare

andbasiceducation,andlifelongemploymentopportunitiesarcaneverydayfactoflife.

IntheU.S.amotionalunemploymentlevelof10percentcanbe40percentintheghetto

whilelessthan4percentelsewhere.Thecountriesthathavesurpassedusinhealthdonot

havesuchsevereorentrenchedproblems.Noraresuchahighproportionoftheirpeople

involveinthem.Excessiveaffluenceisnotsoobviousacauseofillhealth,but,atleast

untilrecently,fewothernationscouldaffordsuchunhealthfulwaysofliving,excessive

intakeofanimalproteinandfats,dangerousintakeofalcoholanduseoftobaccoand

drugs(prescribedandproscribed),anddangerousrecreationalsportsanddrivinghabits

areallpossibleonlybecauseofaffluence.Ourheritage,desires,opportunities,andour

machismo,combinedwiththerelativelylowcostofhadfoodsandspeedyvehicles,make

usparticularlyvulnerabletoouraflluence.Andthosev/hoarenotaffluenttryharder.Our

unacceptablehealthstatus,then,willnotbeimprovedappreciablybyexpandedmedical

resourcesnorbytheirredistributionsomuchasbyageneralattempttoimprovethe

qualityoflifeforall.

56、Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasfactorsaffectingthehealthof

thepopulationEXCEPT.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

57、Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

58、Thepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttherelationship

betweenpercapitaexpenditureofthehealthofapopulation?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

59、Theauthorreferstotheexcessiveintakeofalcoholandtobaccoanddrugusein

orderto.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

60Thepassageprovidesinformationmanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopeda

checklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecan

bestressful.Negativeeventslike"seriousillnessofafamilymember"werehighonthe

listbutsoweresomepositivelife-changingeventslikemarriage.Whenyoutakethe

Holmcs-Rahctestyoumustrememberthatthescorcdocsnotreflecthowyoudealwith

stress,itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavechancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,

hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericans

whoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehowtheresearchgot

boileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women'smagazinesranheadlineslike"Stress

causesillness.""Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,*'thearticlessaid,

"avoidstressfulevents."Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenif

stressfuleventsarcdangerous,many,likethedeathofalovedone,arcimpossibleto

avoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescriptionforstaying

awayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,aperson

whowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanew

jobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalolofwhatweknow

aboutpeople.Itassumeswe'reallvulnerableandpassiveinthefaceofadversity.But

whatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswith

morephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtime

withoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredomandmentalstrain.

61TheresultofHolmes-Rahe^medicalresearchtellus.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

62、Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970'sledto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

63、ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

64、Whyis"suchsimplisticadvice"(LineParA.3)impossibletofollow?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

65、Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsandclownsmaybecome

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

"Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness-forgettingwhereyouliftsomethingorwondering

whyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention/'saysSchacter,

"youaresupposedtoremembersomethingbutyouhaven'tencodeddeeply."Encoding,

Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpact

onrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouput

yourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon'tpayattentiontowhatyoudid

becauseyouareinvolvedinaconversation,you'llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthe

jacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe."Yourmemoryitselfisn'tfailingyou,"says

Schacter,"ratheryoudidn'tgiveyourmemorysystem(heinformationitneeded,"Laekof

interestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness."Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom

30yearsago,"saysZelinski,"maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.'Women

haveslightlybettermemoriesthanmenpossiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheir

environmentandmemoryreliesonjustthat."Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-

mindedness.HsaysSchacter."Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,"hecautions.If

youwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchen

table—don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepina

pocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindednesslikewalkingintoaroomand

wonderingwhyyou'rethereismostlikelybecauseyouwerethinkingaboutsomething

else."Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,'saysZelinske.Thebestthingtodoisto

returntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroomandyouwilllikelyremember.

66、Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyi