考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷111

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷111

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共

25分。）

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.Isthis

whatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?SenatorRobertDoleaskedTime

Warnerexecutiveslastweek.Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournation

andthreatenourchildrenaswell?AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimply

thelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversince

thecompanywasbornin1990.[Fl]It'saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,

involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.Atthe

coreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverfbrthelateSteveRossin

1992.[F2]On〔hefinancialfront.LevinisunderDvessuretoraiseShestockpriceand

reducethecompany'smounlainousdebt、whichwillincreaseto$17.3billionaftertwo

newcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructure

thecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.[F3]Th>flapoverrapisvol

makinglifeanyeasierforhim、LevinhasconsistenllydefendedIhecompany'srapmusic

on【hegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasing

Ice-T'sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapaslawfulexpressionofstreet

culture,whichdeservesanoutlet.[F4]Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,hewroteina

WallStreetJournalcolumn,liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhether

itgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude，however

disputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon'tretreatinthefaceofany

threats.Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthe

chairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthe

discussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth'sstockholders'meeting.Levinassertedthat

musicisnotthecauseofsociety'sillsandevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,New

York,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.【F5】BuihelalkedaswellaboulIhe

balancedstrugglebelweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannounced

thalihecompanywouldlaunchadrivelodevelopslandardsfordislribulionandlabeling

ofDQtenliallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerally

supportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhave

showntheirconcernsinthismatter."Someofushaveknownformany,manyyears（hat

thefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarcnottotallyunlimited,"saysLuce.Ithinkit

isperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecently

cometorealizethis.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：这是一种在不同时期会涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反

省。

知识点解析：本文主要评述了时代华纳公司因发行新音乐专辑而受到的责难及其

反应。第一段：没有哪个公司喜欢别人说它导致了全国道德败坏，多尔参议员所指

责时代华纳公司的正是这一点。第二段：莱文是争论的焦点人物。第三、四段：莱

文为公司的音乐辩护。第五段：时代华纳公司的大多数人支持莱文的经营策略。

2、[F2]

标准答案：财政方面，池承受着抬高股价和减少公司巨额债务的压力。在两笔新的

有线电视交易谈妥后，债务将达到173亿美元。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过，莱文一向以它是一种

富于表现力的演唱方式这个理由来为公司的说唱音乐辩护。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：对任何一个民主社会的检验

不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最

广泛的自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：但他也谈到了在创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题，他还宣布

公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedor

madeillegal.[Fl]Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:aWhabetism.This*for

thoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referst。discriminationagainstthosewhose

sumamesbeginwithaletterin〔helowerhalfofthealphabet.Ithaslongbeenknownthat

ataxifirmcalledAAAAoarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomers

thumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdam

AbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.[F2]Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspread

belweenihehalvesofihealphabet,ye【asuspiciouslylargenumberofIODpeoplehave

surnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.[F3]ThustheAmericanpresident

andvice-presidemhavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorge

Bush'sprcdcccssors(includinghisfathc「)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabet

againstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsof

governmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,

Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,

DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreally

usesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,

EllisonandAlbrecht).Cailthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthe

sparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.

[F4]ALiheslarlofihefirslyearinird'arlschool,leachersseatpupilsalphabetically

fromihefrom,lomakeileasierlorememberiheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysman

juniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedby

thoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinkthey

havehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetless

individualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.Thehumiliation

continues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;

bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.[F5]

Shorilislsforiobinlerviews,eleclionballolDapersjislsconferencespeakersand

attendees:alllendlobedrawnUDalphabetically,andiheirrecipientsloseinlereslas【hey

ploughthroughthem.

6、[Fl]

标准答案：但是还有一种神秘的不公平和歧视形式继续盛行：按字母排序。对于那

些至今还没有意识到这个劣势的人来说，这指的是歧视那些姓氏首字母排在字母表

后半部分的人。

知识点解析：本段主要介绍了一种隐性歧视。第一段：指出按字母顺序排列这种

神秘的不公平和歧视继续盛行。第二、三、四段：用举例子的方法说明这是一种被

人们忽视的不平等和歧视。第五段：指出这种羞辱并没有结束，与名字排在字母表

前部分的人相比，排在字母表后面的人无形中失去了优势。

7、[F2]

标准答案：英语名字很沟匀地分布于字母表的前后两部分，不过，许多杰出人物的

姓氏首字母都在A与K之间。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：美国总统和副总统的姓氏首字母分别是B和C；乔治、布什的前任中

（包括他的父亲），有26位姓氏在字母表的前半部分，而只有16位在后半部分c

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：在幼儿园第一学期的开始，老师们按字母表顺序从前排开始安排座位，

为的是更容易记住他们的名字。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：求职面试的决选名单、投票选举单、会议发言和出席名单，所有这些往

往都是按字母顺序排列的，而人们在翻看这些东西的时候总是渐渐地失去兴趣。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Themaiorilyofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonoicloselyfollow（heclassical

ralionalmodeloffirslclarifyinggoals,assessingiheproblem,foimulatingoplions,

estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlyihenlakingaction【o

implementthedecision.[F2]Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,these

seniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkof

interrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,

andsurprise:andtointegrateactionintoiheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwriters

onmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.

Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitas

theoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Isenberg's

recentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers*

intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinct

ways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyon

intuitiontoperformwcll-lcarncdbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitrary

orinational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethat

buildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpractice

intoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuse

intuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.[F3]Mostsenior

executivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandlools,andthosewho

usesuchsyslemalicmelhodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolulions

suggesledbyihesemelh(xlswhichruncounierloiheirsenseofihecorreclcourseof

action.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidly

toengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneous

cognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneofthe

implicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatchinkingisinseparable

fromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeand

explainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.[F4]Analysisisinextricablytied

toactioninthinking-actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsaboul【heir

companiesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,

bulbyactingandanalyzingincloseconceit.[F5]Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmany

ofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseof

actionsimplytoIcammoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactionto

developamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking-acting

cyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthe

solution.

11、(Fl]

标准答案：大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式，即：首先确定

目标，然后估定问题，摆出各种可能性，估计成功率，再做决定，最后才付诸行动

去实施。

知识点解析：本文主要介绍了高层管理人员特殊的推理模式。第一段：大部分成

功的高层管理人员靠•种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题。第二段：管理学作品

的作者注意到实践当中一些管理者对直觉依赖很强。第三段：Isenberg对高层管理

人员认知过程的研究揭示了高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使用直觉。第四段：管

理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思考和行动不能分开。第五段：管理者们的思考行为

有循环的特点。

12、[F2]

标准答案：相反，在这些人的日常决策过程中，他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大

量相关问题，这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清、自相矛盾、奇特无比或者令人

惊异的事物中做抉择，而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具，那些使用这些正

式的系统化方法做出决定的人经常会对一种情况保持警惕，那就是有时此方法得出

的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：在思考一行动的循环中，分析是必不可少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠

分析他们面对的形势来忍考其公司和组织的情况，而是在同一高度进行行动和分

析。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况，他们鼓励采取各种行动来对

问题作一番深入了解。

知识点解析：暂无解析

The21stcenturyisacenturyofbiotechrevolution.[Fl]Yelbeforehumanbeingsare

ablelofullyenjoyihefruilsofihebiolechdevelor)mem,iheissueofhumancloning

arisingthereforeisalreadyaproblemihatnoonecanevade.Intherecentyear,some

scientistsandorganizationshavemadepublictheirintentionstoclonehumanbeings.

Humancloningisincreasinglyareality,ratherthanadistantfantasy.Accordingtosome

scientists,thereareexperimentsonhumancloninginmostpartsoftheworld.However,

onemustrealizethathumancloningmaybringaboutcomplicatedconsequences.

Thereforetoday,mostcountries,especiallythosewithadvancedbiotechnology,explicitly

banorseverelyrestricthumancloning.Sofar,23countrieshaveregulationsexplicitly

banningreproductivecloning.[F2]Somescientists,doctorsandlegalexpertshave

evenaskediheUnitedNationstoseekanadvisoryopinionfromtheWorldCourt

declaringhumancloning【obeacrimeagainsthumanity.Nevertheless,fewcanrejectthe

tremendoustemptationofwhattherapeuticcloningcandoincreatingtransplantsand

fightingdiseases.Therefore,manycountriesarenotsoresoluteandthoroughinbanning

humanembryocloning.Besides,sufficientanimalexperimentsmayservetoremovethe

technologicalobstaclesonthewaytohumancloning.[F3]Sotechnologically

speaking,itisquitepointlessjusttobantheresearchonhumancloningwhileallowing

theresearchonanimalcloning.Itispossibleforthecloningtechnologytobringboth

benefitsandinfinitedisasterslomankind.[F4]Technophnbia,inilsessence,isnolihe

fearoflechnologyitself，but[hefearofthepeoplewhouseitinawrongway.Thehistory

ofhumansocietyevolutionalsotellsusthatintimeofethiccrisismanshouldaccess

realitywithreason.Whetheratechnologyaccomplishmentisultimatelybeneficialto

mankindliesinhowmanapproachesandusesit.Itisimperativeforustodealwiththe

issueofhumancloningwithreasonandfromaseriousandscientificapproach.[F5]

WeshouldUylogelalacommonviewihroughconsultationandspeedUDlegislalionin

lhi$「egardtopulhumancloningunderstrictregulationsfromiheverybeginning.The

governmentsmustgivefullconsiderationtothepotentialconsequencesbeforethey

decidewhetherornottobanbothhumancloningandtherapeuticcloning.Andif

therapeuticcloningisallowed,theymustconsiderhowtoregulateit.

16、[Fl]

标准答案：然而，人类还没能充分享受到生物技术发展的成果，由此引发的克隆人

问题便已经成为无人能够问避的问题。

知识点解析：全文共分四段。前两段指出21世纪是生物技术革命的世纪，但由于

克隆人问题可能带来的复杂后果，世界各国，尤其是生物技术发达的国家，现在大

都对此采取明令禁止或者严加限制的态度。第三段介绍了“治疗性克隆”在生产移植

器官和攻克疾病等方面的巨大诱惑。因此，在禁止使用克隆人类胚胎方面，世界各

国的态度并不坚决而彻底。最后一•段号召应该通过协商达成一种共识，并且加快相

关立法，使克隆人从一开始就受到严格的控制。

17、[F2]

标准答案：•些科学家、医生和法律专家甚至曾要求联合国向国际法庭征求咨询意

见，宣布克隆人是一项反人类的罪行。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：从技术的角度来说，在允许克隆动物研究的情况下仅仅限制克隆人的研

究是毫无意义的。

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：“技术恐惧”从实质上来讲不是对技术木身的恐惧，而是对那些错误运用

技术的人的恐惧。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：我们应该通过协商达成一种共识，并且加快相关立法，使克隆人从一开

始就受到严格的控制。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Thevaluewhichsocietyplacesonworkhastraditionallybeencloselyassociated

withthevalueofindividualismandasaresultithashadnegativeeffectsonthe

developmentofsocialsecurity.Ithasmeantthatinthefirstplacetheamountofbenefits

mustbesmalllestpeople'swillingnesstoworkandsupportthemselvessuffers.Even

todaywithHatrateandearnings-relatedbenefits,thetotalamountofthebenefitmust

alwaysbesmallerthantheperson'swagesforfearofmalingering."Thepurposeofsocial

security,"saidHuntfordreferringtoSweden'scomparativelygenerousbenefits,"isto

dispelneedwithoutcrossingthethresholdofprosperity."Second,socialsecuritybenefits

arcgrantedunderconditionsdesignedtoreducethelikelihoodofeventheboldestof

spiritsattemptingtoliveontheStateratherthanwork.Manyoftherulessurroundingthe

paymentofunemploymentorsupplementarybenefitareforthispurpose.Third,thevalue

placedonworkismanifestedinamorepositivewayasinthecaseofdisability.[F2]

Peoplesufferingfromaccidentsincurredatworkorfromoccupationaldiseasesreceive

preferentialtreatmentby[hesocialsecurityservicecomparedwiththosesufferingfrom

civilaccidentsandordinaryillnesses.Yet,thestrangleholdwhichworkhashadonthe

socialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasinglyloosenedovertheyears.Theprovisionof

familyallowances,familyincomesupplements,theslightliberalizationofthewagesstop

arcsomeofthemanifestationsofthistrend.[F3]Similarly,thepreferentialtreatment

giventooccupationaldisabilitybythesocialsecurityservicehasbeenincreasingly

questionedwiththedemandsfortheupgradingofbenefitsfortheothertypesof

disability.Itisfeltthatincontem