考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷470

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷470

一、阅读（补全短文）（本题共万题，每题7.0分，共

15分。）

Canada'sprcmicrs（theleadersofprovincialgovernments）,iftheyhaveanybreathleft

aftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamoment

todosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.They'reallgroaningaboutsoaring

healthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.

[Cl].Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommittee

onhealthcare-tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts—recommendedthecreation

ofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,

bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,work

withOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.[C2].But"national"doesn't

havetomeanthat"National"couldmeaninterprovincial—provincescombiningeffortsto

createonebody.Eitherway,onebenefitofa"national'organizationwouldbeto

negotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingone

province-oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince-negotiateapriceforagivendrug

ontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.

Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenational

agencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhe

greaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.[C3]

.Asmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththe

creationoftheCanadianCoordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,funded

byOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendsto

provinciallistswhichnevzdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebec

refusedtojoin.Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.

They（particularlyQuebecandAlberta）justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillions

withfew,ifany,stringsattached.That'sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn't

goneanywhere,whiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.[C4].Premierslovetoquote

Mr.Romanow'sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.

Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:"Anationaldrugagencywould

providegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertotryto

constraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs."[C5].Sowhenthepremiersgather

inNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcracking

aboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.

[A]Quebecrsresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.Oneofthefirst

advocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec'sDrug

InsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto

26.8percent![B]OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby'sreport:"thesubstantialbuyingpowerof

suchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplansto

negotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies."[C]Whatdoes

"national"mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-

provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.|D|Theproblem

issimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefaster

thangovernmentrevenues.(E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealth

Information,prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverall

health-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceother

kindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Part

ofitishigherprices.[F]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshould

provetheycanrunit,startingwithanintcrprovincialhealthlistthatwouldend

duplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoff

againstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.[G]Ofcourse,thepharmaceutical

companieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.They

canusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,if

oneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeiton

theirs.Theywouldn'tlikeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodeal

withit.

1、[Cl]

标准答案：E

知识点漏析：考查因果关系。空格前说的是加拿大各省的总理们都对过高的医疗预

算，尤其是药品费用飞涨感到不满。空格后则说的是对待此问题的措施。由此可

以看出两段内容的中间讲的应该是药品费用。浏览各选项，只有E项提到了“药品

费用“，包括药品价格上涨的幅度和具体表现，是上一点提到药费上涨的依据，构

成因果逻辑关系，故选E项。

2、[C2]

标准答案：C

知识点露析：考查转折关系。空格前面说的是建立一个国家性的管理机构，后面的

“but”则表示转折关系，对“国家”进一步解释，说它其实是各省联合的一个机构。

可知，空白处的内容应是对“国家”的个解释，而代词“thal”即指代这概念，故

选C项。

3、[C3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：考查顺接关系。空格前讲的是国家机构怎样去降低药品价格，比如增

加潜在客户数量来获得更大的优惠。空格后讲到成立国家代理机构后取得的一项

小突破。根据上下文逻辑关系推断.空白处内容也肯定是关于国家代理机构的。

浏览各选项，提到“nationalagency”或同义词的有A、B、G项。G项涉及医药公司

对设立国家药物机构的反应，说明了成立国家机构的现实性，与下文所取得的进

展在逻辑和内容上都是一致的。故选G项。A项最易误选，因为它和上文都提到

了专有名词“Quebec”，但其内容主要是魁北克地方保护主义的表现和药品上涨的情

况，与前后内容不衔接，因此错误。而对于B项中出现的指代词“hey”没有前文的

内容相对应，所以排除。

4、[C4]

标准答案：

知识之解析F：考查顺接关系。空格前面讲到某些省对联邦政府和省政府之间的交易

持怀疑态度，空格后则指出这些省长们应该通过读报告中有关药品的论述来了解

成立国家药物机构的好处。可以推断.空白处内容要么是继续上面的内容，来讨

论来自这些省份的阻力；要么是连接下文，建议他们更多了解成立国家机构的意

义。符合条件的有B和F两项，F项虽然把上文的关键词“premiers”换成了

“provinces”，但其内容没有变化，还是建议各省实现全国药物代理机构的功能，

与上下文内容逻辑关系紧密，故选F项。B项开头有并列连词“or”，在语法上和上

文无法衔接，因此不选。

5、[C5]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考查对照关系。空前指出总理们应该读读Romanow的报告，B项则

提到读一读Kirby的报告，两段话有相似的结构，还都重复运用了关键词

“report”，即暗含两份报告存在意义上的相似或相反的特征。另外，两个专有名词

Mr.Romanow和Mr.Kirby都已在第四段中被提到，他们的报告都提倡建立国家

药物代理机构，故选B项。

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,

andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesarcplayed).Duringseveral

yearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lost

approximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor

$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithe

lost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard",whichwhenused

inthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser's

gamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls"electronic

heroin'*.[Cl].In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.In

March1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,ailnight,

untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9am..

Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseit

knewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendof

Williams'sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrote

toinformthecasinoofWilliams'sgamblingproblem.Thecasinoincludedaphotoof

Williamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima"ccascadmissions"letter.

Notingthe"medical/psychological"natureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaid

thatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/

psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreat

tohissafetyorwell-being.[C2].TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthe

casinohas24signswarning:"Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notover

it."Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndiana

DepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams'ssuitchargesthatthecasino,

knowinghewas"helplesslyaddictedtogambling,"intentionallyworkedto"lure"himto

"engageinconductagainsthiswill."Well.[C3].Thefourtheditionofthe

DiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays"pathologicalgambling"

involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthethrillof

takingrisksinquestofawindfall.[C4].Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimsto

bescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoral

failingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.[C5].Forty-four

stateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesarctovaryingdegrees

dependenton——youmightsayaddictedto-revenuesfromwagering.Andsincethefirst

Internetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers'dollarshasbecome

intense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800

virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,

gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb*smostprofitablebusiness.[A]Although

nosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino'smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepper

himwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeing

detected.|B|ltisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.And

inwhatsensewashiswilloperative?|C]Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidto

himselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthe

didnotquit.[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butfora

longtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:

themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

[E]DavidWilliams'ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon'tbetonit.[FItis

worrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,often

definingasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.

[G]Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecially

conducivetocompulsivebehavior.Butevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomove

againstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?

6、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：要根据时间顺序和DavidWilliams对赌博越来越着迷，输得钱越来越

多这个角度来分析，第二段整个讲他赌博上瘾，不能自拔的过程，而且越输越

多。从语义上判断，要填入的内容一定和此人输钱有关，同时选项中很可能会出

现数字。对比选项，C项中出现了$5,000和$5,500和前后文的数字形成照应，

由于其他选项中没有任何数字，因此很快能看出这个答案。此外，从语义逻辑上

看，选项所在的句子和后面一句其实是用具体的事实数据在描述DavidWilliams的

赌瘾越来越大，两者的语义逻辑表达方向一致，因此C项是正确答案。

7、[C2]

标准答案:A

知识点解析：此段讲赌场知道DavidWilliams上瘾后对他采取的补救措施，但是他

要起诉赌场，就举出了赌场并未实施有效措施的例子：比如依旧给他发邮件而且

也没有限制他进入赌场。因此要填人的选项要表达这一方面的内容，才能在语义

上和上文连贯。比较选项可以发现，选项A项中出现了letter的同义词mail,同时

从内容上分析，A项中的Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented和上文中的he

wouldhavetopresentmedical/psychological…语义上衔接紧密，语义连贯。因此A

项是正确答案。

8、[C3]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空白前文字提到“Williams提出指控，casino明明知道他无可救药地

迷恋上赌博，还故意引诱他从事违背他意愿的活动注意空白前文字中的“lure”

和“will”两词，在这里分别表示“诱惑”和“意愿”。“lure”himto“engageinconduct...”

是这段话表述的重点，通过词汇复现的方法很容易看出B项是对这一句话的补充

和说明，因此，B项是正确答案。

9、[C4]

标准答案：卜

知识点解析：空白处前一句说：《心理障碍诊断统计手册》第四版指出，“病态赌

博”包括持续地、反复地且无法自控地不惜冒险发横财。“病态赌博”（pathological

gambling）是文中之前没出现过的医学术语，因此，空白处需要对此做进一步解

释。F项中的“medicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems"和“addictions”与

^pathologicalgambling”构成同义复现关系，weaknessofwill（意志上的弱点）和空格

后句中的characterflaw$（性格的缺陷）也是上下义词的关系，因此F项为正确答

案。

10,[C5]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空白处后面一段第一句提到美国44个州发行彩票，29个州开创赌

场，这说明赌博在美国很普及，而D项中的asin,orasocialdisease正是前一句中

characterflawsormoralfailings以及personalitydisorders的同义复现；government则

是下一段首句中的stales的同义复现，因此D项为正确答案，大意是：赌博一直

是美国人生活的普遍特征，现在赌博却成为了一种社会政策。

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseof

identifyingmeaningsfbrindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,

drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.[Cl]Youbeginto

inferacontextlorthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeech

eventisinvolved.Whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.Thewaysof

readingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshow

comprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementin

inferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyou

tograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.[C2]Conceivedin

thisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatis

inquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor"true"meaningthatcanbereadoff

andcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.[C3]

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.[C4]This

doesn't,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecause

readersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferent

butoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsontheincludingfbrtextsthatengage

withfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantrolein

socialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosome

extentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.[C5]Suchdimensionsofreading

suggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo-thatwebringan

implicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn'tthennecessarily

followthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.

Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepoints

forandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponent

ofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.[A]Are

westudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagiven

course?Readingilsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreading

onatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.

[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,

ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametime

obscureorevencloseoffothers.[C]Ifyouarcunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,you

guessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthat(hey

willbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellas

possiblelinksbetweenthem.|D|Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsor

effectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbethe

o