世界银行-几内亚比绍农业物流发展状况 Guinea-Bissaus Agrologistics Performance

PublicDisclosureAuthorized

Guinea-Bissau’sAgrologistics

Performance

VivianaM.E.Perego,MekbibHaile,

MaríaFlorenciaMillanPlacci,BeatrizMartinez.

PublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorized

2026

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Acknowledgements

ThisnotewaspreparedbyVivianaMariaEugeniaPerego(TaskTeamLeader,SeniorAgricultureEconomist,WorldBank),MekbibHaile(SeniorAgricultureEconomist,WorldBank),MariaFlorenciaMillanPlacci(Consultant,WorldBank),andBeatrizMartinez(Consultant,WorldBank).

TheteamisgratefulfortheguidanceandsupportofElHadjAdamaTouré(PracticeManager,WorldBank).JoanneGaskell(SeniorEconomist,WorldBank),FatimataCelyDiallo(OperationsOfficer,InternationalFinanceCorporation),HiraChanna(AgricultureEconomist,WorldBank)kindlyservedaspeerreviewersforthisnote.TheteamacknowledgesadviceandbrainstormingfromBenoitFaucheux(SeniorAgribusinessSpecialist,WorldBank),KajaWaldmann(NaturalResourcesManagementSpecialist,WorldBank),HectorPeña(SeniorAgricultureEconomist,WorldBank),EduardoMendes(Consultant,WorldBank),DanielVillegas(Consultant,WorldBank),CyndoObre(CountryOfficer,InternationalFinanceCorporation),DavidIvanovic(SeniorOperationsOfficer,IFC),AmadouBa(Consultant,IFC),HassanSabbah(Consultant,IFC),LorenzoCarrera(ProgramLeader,WorldBank),AifaNdoye(SeniorAgricultureEconomist,WorldBank),EduardoMalasquez(SeniorEconomist,WorldBank),PhilippeNeves(SeniorTransportSpecialist,WorldBank),VincentVesin(SeniorTransportSpecialist,WorldBank),CamiliaMejiaGiraldo(SeniorDigitalDevelopmentSpecialist,WorldBank),YusufoMenezes(Agronomist,EuropeanUnionDelegation),andJorgeValiente(TeamLeaderGreenandInclusiveEconomy,EuropeanUnionDelegation).

Theauthorswouldliketoacknowledgetheinvaluablesupportreceivedfromstakeholdersandkeyinformants,whograciouslyofferedtheinsightsandobservationsthatwerenecessarytoproducethisnote.Valuableinsightsandadviceweregatheredfrominterviewsanddiscussionswithcashewfarmers’federation,intermediaryassociations,riceproducers,logisticsoperators,andfreightforwarders.

TheWorldBankCountryOfficeinGuinea-Bissauwasinstrumentalinsupportingtheinceptionandin-countrydisseminationofthiswork.TheteamisespeciallygratefultoRosaBritoDelgado(ResidentRepresentative,WorldBank)andSoniaSanchezMoreno(OperationsOfficer,WorldBank).TheteamexpressesitsgratitudeforlogisticalandadministrativesupportfromSalamHailou,MariameBamba,andNelsonNancassa(TeamAssistants,WorldBank).

TranslationserviceswereprovidedbyMarseldeSouzaandgraphicdesignbyJaimeSosa.

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Acronyms

AfDB

AfricanDevelopmentBank

ACA

AfricanCashewAlliance

CARD

CoalitionforAfricanRiceDevelopment

CCDR

CountryClimateandDevelopmentReport

ECOWAS

EconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates

EU

EuropeanUnion

FAO

FoodandAgricultureOrganization(UnitedNations)

FCFA

FrancdelaCommunautéFinancièreAfricaine(currency)

GDP

GrossDomesticProduct

GIZ

GermanDevelopmentAgency

IFAD

InternationalFundforAgriculturalDevelopment

IFC

InternationalFinanceCorporation

INPA

NationalInstituteforAgriculturalResearch(Guinea-Bissau)

IoT

lnternetofThings

LPI

LogisticsPerformanceIndex

LSCI

LinerShippingConnectivityIndex

MADR

MinistryofAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(Guinea-Bissau)

MINOPUH

MinistryofPublicWorks,HousingandUrbanism(Guinea-Bissau)

MTC

MinistryofTransport,TelecommunicationsandDigitalEconomy

OECD

OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment

PA

ProductiveAlliance

PNTL

NationalTransportandLogisticsPlan

PPP

Public-PrivatePartnership

UNCTAD

UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment

UNDP

UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

USD

UnitedStatesDollar

WCO

WorldCustomsOrganization

WITS

WorldIntegratedTradeSolution(WorldBank)

4

TableofContents

ExecutiveSummary 6

1.Introduction 12

1.1Scopeandpurposeofthisnote 12

1.2AgricultureinGuinea-Bissauandtheimportanceofagrologistics 12

1.3Focusandstructureofthisnote 15

2.InstitutionalFrameworkofGuinea-Bissau’sAgrologistics 17

3.Guinea-Bissau’sAgrologisticsPerformance 21

3.1lnfrastructure 21

3.1.1Roadlnfrastructure 21

3.1.2Portlnfrastructure 22

3.1.3Airportlnfrastructure 23

3.1.4Fluviallnfrastructure 23

3.2Services 23

3.2.1Transportationservices 23

3.2.2Warehousingandstorageservices 23

3.2.3Freightforwardingandcustomsbrokerageservices 24

3.3Performanceanalysis 24

3.3.1Logisticsperformance 24

3.3.2Maritimeconnectivityperformance 26

3.3.3Timeandcostperformance 26

3.4OpportunityforJobsCreation 28

4.AgrologisticsforKeyValueChains:ADeepDive 32

4.1CashewValueChain 32

4.1.1Productionandexporttrends 33

4.1.2Pricingandmarketdynamics 36

4.1.3Areasofproductionandlogistics 36

4.1.4Challengesincashewagrologistics 38

4.1.5lnvestmentprioritiesforefficientagrologistics 41

4.2RiceValueChain 43

4.2.1Productionandimporttrends 44

4.2.2Pricingandmarketdynamics 44

4.2.3Areasofproductionandlogistics 44

4.2.4Challengesinriceagrologistics 46

4.2.5lnvestmentprioritiesforefficientagrologistics 48

5.ConclusionandRecommendations 52

5.1Recommendationsforcompetitiveandresilientagrologistics 52

References 5

7

Annex 60

5

ListofFigures

Figure1.1.Guinea-Bissau’smerchandiseexports(USDmillion) 13

Figure1.2.Guinea-Bissau’smerchandiseimports(USDmillion) 14

Figure1.3.Mainchallengestosellingcropsmentionedbyfarmers 15

Figure3.1:PrimaryandSecondaryRoadNetworkinGuinea-Bissau 21

Figure3.2:RoadsofGuineaBissauvulnerabletofloodsunderSPP-58.5fluvial1in100scenario 22

Figure3.3.Guinea-Bissau’sLogisticsPerformanceIndexScore(2018)andRegionalPeers’ 25

Figure3.4.Guinea-Bissau’sLogisticsPerformanceIndexScore(2018)byComponentandRegionalPeers’25

Figure3.5.GuineaBissau’sScoreonLogisticsCompetenceandInfrastructureintheperiod2007-2023 26

Figure4.1.Productionandexportlevelforcashewnuts 33

Figure4.2.Cashewnutsagrologisticschain 36

Figure4.3.Heatmapofcashewproductionandmainroadnetwork 37

Figure4.4.Exportpricecomponentsofrawcashewnuts 40

Figure4.5.Productionandnetimportofrice(milledequivalent)inGuinea-Bissau 44

Figure4.6.RiceagrologisticschainstepsinGuinea-Bissau 45

Figure4.7.Heatmapofriceproductionandmainroadnetwork 45

Figure4.8.Pricecomponentsoflocallyproducedrice 47

ListofTables

TableES.1.lnvestmentprioritiesforimprovedcashewagrologistics 8

TableES.2.lnvestmentprioritiesforimprovedriceagrologistics 9

TableES.3.Summaryofrecommendations 10

Table2.1.StakeholderMappingforAgrologisticsinGuinea-Bissau 17

Table3.1.LinerShippingConnectivityIndex(LSCI)forGuinea-BissauandRegionalPeers 26

Table3.2:Timeandcosttoexport.GuineaBissau,Sub-SaharanAfricaandOECD.2020 27

Table3.3.Timeandcoststoexport.DetailofBorderCompliance.2020 27

Table3.4.RegionalComparisonoftimeandcosttoexport.2020 28

Table4.1.Summaryofinvestmentprioritiesforefficientagrologisticsinthecashewnut

valuechain 43

Table4.2.Averagetimetothenearestmarket,bymodeoftransport(minutes) 46

Table4.3.Summaryofinvestmentprioritiesforefficientagrologisticsinthericevaluechain 50

Table5.1.Summaryofrecommendations 56

6

ExecutiveSummary

Guinea-Bissau’sagriculturesectoristhebackboneofitseconomy,contributingbetween30–50percentofGDPandprovidingincomefor85percentofthepopulation.Yet,thesectorremainsfragile,markedbylowproductivity,limitedvalueaddition,andhighvulnerabilitytoclimateshocks.

Agrologistics—thesystemsandservicesthatallowagriculturalproductstomoveefficientlyfromfarmtomarket—isacriticalenablerofagriculturaltransformation.InGuinea-Bissau,theperformanceofagrologisticsdirectlyaffectseconomicgrowth,employment,andclimateresilience,whilereducingincentivesforfarmerstoinvestinproductivity.Efficient,inclusive,andsustainableagrologisticscanreducepost-harvestlosses,improvemarketaccess,andunlockthepotentialoffamilyfarmingsystems.

However,thecountry’sagrologisticssystemfacesstructuralconstraintsacrossinfrastructure,services,andgovernance.Nearly70percentofroadsareunpaved,coldchainfacilitiesarescarce,anddigitallogisticsremainunderdeveloped.Transportservicesareinformalandaging,andthePortofBissausuffersfromoutdatedoperationsandslowcustomsprocedures.Thesefactorsleadtohighercostsandlongertransporttimes,especiallyduringtherainyseasonwhenaccessingproductionareasbecomesevenharder

Institutionalfragmentationfurtherunderminesprogress.Multipleministries—PublicWorks,AgricultureandRuralDevelopment,Customs,andthePortAuthority—shareresponsibilitieswithouteffectivecoordination.WhiledevelopmentpartnerssuchastheWorldBank,FAO,GIZ,andtheEUsupportvariousinitiatives,theseeffortsarenotguidedbyaunifiednationallogisticsstrategy.The2024NationalTransportandLogisticsPlan(PNTL)aimstoimproveconnectivity,butitlacksagrologistics-specificpoliciesanddoesnotaddressthefullscopeofpost-farmgatelogisticsneeds.

Ruralinfrastructureplanningisalsofragmented,andtheabsenceofacoldchaindevelopmentpolicyandadigitalmodernizationstrategyfurtherlimitsthecountry’sabilitytodeploycoordinatedlogisticssolutions.Thesegapsunderminetraceability,efficiency,andcompetitivenessacrossagriculturalvaluechains.

Overall,althoughpublicfinancingfortheagrifoodsystemsinGuinea-Bissauhasbeenhistoricallylowandheavilydependentoninternationalcooperation,thecountryhasallocatedahigherproportionofitsnationalbudgettoagriculturethanmostWestAfricancountries.However,thecompositionofpublicsupportforagriculturehasconsistentlyreflectedabiasawayfromefficientusesofpublicresourcesonpublicgoodsandservicesthatbeardirectlyonagriculturalandagrologisticdevelopment.Inaddition,Guinea-Bissaufacesseveralshortcomingsintheoverallpolicyenvironmentforenablingthebusinessofagriculture.

Cashewandricevaluechains,whichdominatethecountry’sagriculturalproduction,illustratetheconsequencesofthesebottlenecks.Cashewnutsareaggregatedfromdispersedsourcesandtransportedtowarehousesneartheport,primarilyforexport.Riceproductionisscatteredacrossremoteregions,requiringtailoredlogisticssolutions.Poorfeederroads,limitedstorage,andinformaltransportincreasecostsandlosses.Exportproceduresarelengthyandexpensive,withtotalexporttimeaveraging178hoursandcostsaroundUSD745—wellaboveOECDstandards.Maritimeconnectivityisweak,andportturnaroundtimeslagbehindregionalbenchmarks.

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ThisassessmentidentifieskeyagrologisticsbottlenecksandproposesactionablerecommendationstomodernizeGuinea-Bissau’slogisticssystem,withaspecificfocusonthemainagrifoodvaluechainsinGuinea-Bissau:cashewnutsandrice.

DeepDive:CashewValueChain

Guinea-Bissauisamajorrawcashewnutproducer,withthecropaccountingforover90%ofexportsandcontributingabout25%ofGDP.Productionhasgrownfrom3,000tonsin1978toover114,000tonsin2022,thoughproductivityremainslow(0.5t/ha).Over75%ofproductioninvolvessmall-holderfarmers.

Cultivationisdominatedbysmallholderswithlowinputuseandagingtrees.Harvestingismanual,primarilydonebywomenandchildren.Post-harvestdryingandstorageareinformalandofteninadequate.NutsaresoldtointermediarieswhoaggregateandtransportthemtowarehousesnearBissau.Exportsarealmostexclusivelyrawnuts,mainlytoIndiaandotherAsianmarkets.Localprocessingisminimal,around2%,whichlimitsvalueaddition.

Farmgatepricesvarybetween410and600FCFAperkg(~0.71to1.05USD).TransportcostsfromproductionzonestoBissaurangefromapproximately1.53to2.50USDpersack(100kg),dependingondistanceandroadconditions.Mosttransportishandledbysmalllocalvehicles,withlargertrucksforlong-haultoportwarehouses.

Thechallengesfacedincludepoorruralfeederroads,whichincreasetransportcostsandpost-harvestlosses.Limitedstoragenearproductionareasforcesearlysalesatlowerprices.Processingcapacityisunderdeveloped,withmostvalueadditionoccurringabroad.Farmershavelimitedorganizationandbargainingpower.Post-harvestlossesareestimatedat15-25%,withtransportandhandlingcostsupto40%offarmgate-to-portcosts.

Withtargetedinvestmentsincashewnutsagrologistics(TableES1),aconservativeback-of-the-envelopeestimateofreductionsinselectlogisticscostsby10.5%andinagrologistic-relatedpost-harvestlossesby10%couldresultinefficienciesvaluedatUSD15.3millionannually,equivalentto7%oftheexportvalueofrawcashewnutinthecountry.

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TableES.1.Investmentprioritiesforimprovedcashewagrologistics

Agrologistics

Segment

Current

Situation

InvestmentAction

ComplementaryActions

ExpectedImpact

Main

Beneficiaries

On-farmStorage

Farmerssellearlyduetovarious

risks(pricedrops,theft,fire)

Investinsecurelocalstoragefacilities

Trainfarmersingoodagriculturalpractices;deploydigitalplatformsformarketaccess

Betterfarm-gate

prices;improved

marketlinkages;

reducedpost-harvestlosses

Primaryproducers

Rural

Transportation

Feeder

roadspoorly

maintained

Rehabilitateand

maintainruralroads

Buildmunicipal-level

capacityforroadupkeep

Improvedaccesstocollectionhubsandmarkets;reducedtransportcosts

Primaryproducersandexporters

Storage&

Aggregation

Parkinglots

actingas

transporthubs

Establishregional

storagehubs;introducesolar-dryingandshellingunits

Coordinatewithexistingcooperativesanddeposits

Enhancedproductquality;reducedspoilage;strongerproduceralliances

Primaryproducersandexporters

Processing

Only2%ofrawcashewnuts

processedlocally

Investinaregionalprocessingplant

Procureequipment;trainlaboringradingand

packaging

Capturehighervalue;reducedcarbonfootprint;

improvedexport

competitiveness

Primaryproducersandexporters

Last-MileTransport

Limited

competition

amongtransportproviders

Facilitateentryof

additionalcompanies

Ensurefaircompetition

Lowerporttransportcosts;improved

efficiency

Exporters

BorderCrossing

Complexcustoms

proceduresdelayshipments

Implementtrade

facilitationtools

fromWorldBank

knowledgeandWorldCustomsOrganizationsStandards

Provideadvisoryservices;investinICTsystemsandstafftraining

Fasterclearance;

reducedtimeandcostoftrade;improved

regionalintegration

Exporters

DeepDive:RiceValueChain

Riceisastaplecropcoveringabout55%ofnationalconsumptioninGuinea-Bissau,withtotalproductionat138,000tonsin2024.Cultivationoccursmainlyincoastalmangrovesandlowlandinlandvalleys,butalsoinuplandareas.Cultivationareasareoftenremoteandpoorlyconnected.

Agrologisticschallengesinthericevaluechainaresignificant.Productionreliesontraditionalmethodswithlimitedmechanization;inputsupplyisconstrainedbyhighcostsandpoordistribution;post-harvestlossesarehigh(rangingfrom20-30%)duetoinadequatedrying,storage,andmilling.Ruralroadsareofteninaccessibleduringrainandmarketlinkagesareweak,withfarmerssellinglocallyatlowprices.

Withtargetedinvestmentsinriceagrologistics(TableES2),aconservativeback-of-the-envelopeestimateofreductionsinselectlogisticscostsby10.5%andinagrologistic-relatedpost-harvestlossesby10%couldresultinefficienciesvaluedatUSD14.8millionannually,equivalentto10%oftheretailvalueofproductioninthecountry.

9

TableES.2.Investmentprioritiesforimprovedriceagrologistics

AgrologisticsSegment

CurrentSituation

InvestmentAction

ComplementaryActions

ExpectedImpact

Main

Beneficiaries

On-farmCollection&Storage

Manuallaborfor

harvestingandthreshing

Investinthreshingequipment

Trainfarmersto

improvequalityof

locallygrownrice

Fastercollection

Producers

Rural

Transportation

Farmsarescatteredanddifficultto

access

Maintainand

upgraderuralroads

Developmunicipal-

levelcapacityforroadmaintenance

Reducedtransporttimeandcost;improved

connectivitytomarkets

Producersandcollectors

Storage&

Aggregation

Inadequatestorage;highriskofmoistureorcontamination

Developregionalstoragehubs

Coordinatewith

cooperativesandlocaldeposits

Enhancedfoodsafety

andquality;reduced

post-harvestlosses;

viableproductivealliancesestablishments

Aggregators

Processing

Ricedriedonopenground,causing

unevendryingandmoldgrowth

Investincollective

processingplants;

cooperativesand

digitalplatforms

Purchaseequipmentandtrainlabor

Increaseddryingcapacityandricequality;improvedmarketaccess

Producersand

processors

Small-scalemills

causehighgrainbreakage

Investinacollectivemillingsystems

Purchaseequipmentandtrainlabor

Highermillingefficiency;improvedproduct

quality;bettermarketcompetitiveness

Producerand

processors

Manualsorting;

limitedawarenessofmarketvalueforgradedrice

Investinmechanicalgraders

Purchaseequipmentandtrainlabor

Improvedricequalitystandards;strongermarketpositioning

Producersand

processors

Last-MileTransport

Relianceoninformaloradhoctransport;partialloadsmaketransportcostlyandunreliable

Developcampaign

promotingimprovedlocalricequality

Raiseconsumer

awarenessofbenefitsoflocalrice

Bettermarketinginurbanmarkets;higherprices

andstrongerlinkages

Finalconsumers

BorderCrossing

Mostriceconsumedlocallyisimported,withimporttimes

andcostshigherthanregional

benchmarks

Implementtrade

facilitationtools

fromWorldBank

knowledgeand

WorldCustoms

Organizations

Standards

Providetechnicalassistanceand

advisorysupportatthenationallevel

Reduceclearancetimeandtransactioncosts,loweringthefinalpriceofrice

Finalconsumers

10

Recommendations

Guinea-Bissau’sagrologisticsmodernizationoffersanopportunitytoenhancecompetitiveness,reducepost-harvestlosses,andcreateinclusiveruralemployment.Whileinvestmentsprioritieswillultimatelyrelyonprivateadoptionandinvestment,complementaryactionbythepublicsectorcanunlockthecreationofaconduciveenvironmentforprivate-sectorinvolvement.Thepublicsectorcanplayacriticalrolebyprovidingessentialpublicgoodsandservicesthatareinshortsupply,aswellasthroughregulatoryorlegislativereformstostrengthentheagribusinessandinnovationenablingenvironment.Improvingthepredictabilityandagilityofpolicyregimesandregulatoryprocesseswillreducecostsandrisks,andwillfavorablyimpactinvestmentandinnovationdecisionsbysmallholderfarmersandprivateactorsalongagriculturevaluechains.

TableES.3.Summaryofrecommendations

Challenge

Recommendation/Examples

ExpectedResult

Timelineand

ExpectedCost

MainInstitutionalActors

Scarcesectoral

dataandlackof

evidence-based

policydecisions

Systematiccollectionofsectoraldata

Strengthenevidence-based

policyandinvestmentplanning

Shortterm,Mediumcost

MADR;NationalStatisticsInstitute

Compounded

multi-sectoralbottlenecks

Redoubleintersectoralpolicydialogueandcoordination

Holisticapproachesandsynergies

Shortand

mediumterm,

Variablecost

MADR;relevantministriesandinstitutions

Fragmentation

ofinstitutional

mandatesandinitiatives

Designandadoptionofa

national(agro)logisticsstrategy

Summarizeandprovide

harmonizationofthegoalsofdifferentpolicies

Shortterm,Lowcost

MADR;MTC;Ministryof

Energy;MinistryofEconomy,PlanandRegionalIntegration;ChambersofCommerce;

ProducersAssociations

Cumbersome

customsandborderprocesses

Strengthentradefacilitation

Simplifiedcustomsprocedures

andimprovedalignmentwith

ECOWASandACAtradeprotocols

Mediumterm,Lowcost

MinistryofFinance;MinistryofCommerce

Outdated

infrastructure

vulnerabletoclimatechange

Rehabilitationandmaintenanceofclimate-resilientrural

transportinfrastructure

Reducevulnerabilityandimproveyear-roundmarketaccess

Mediumterm,Highcost

MTC;MADR

LowpenetrationofICTinnovations

Enhancedigitalconnectivity

Efficientuseoffacilities,enhancedmonitoringandoversight,

disintermediation

Mediumterm,

Mediumcost

MinistryofEnergy

Constraintsin

publicexpenditurecapacity

PromotePPPsunderexistingregulations(contingenton

institutionalstrengthening

+enhancedenabling

environmentforagribusiness)

Leverageexpertiseand

efficiencyoftheprivatesector:e.g.forimprovedinfrastructure,accesstotechnologyand

innovation,risksharing

Shortterm,Lowcost

PPPUnit;relevant

ministriesandinstitutions;private-sectorplayers

Fewjobsandlimitedinclusioninrural

areas

Productivealliancesforsmallagrologistics

Mobilizematchinggrantsfor

logistics-linkedagribusiness

incubation;connectproducers

withbuyers,finance,andtechnicalassistance;supportyouth-and

women-ledenterprises

Shortterm,Mediumcost

MADR;MinistryofWomen,FamilyandSocialSolidarity;StateSecretariatforYouth

1

Introduction

1.Introduction

1.1SCOPEANDPURPOSEOFTHISNOTE

ThisnoteexplorestheagrologisticschallengesandopportunitiesfacedbytheagriculturesectorsystemsinGuinea-Bissau,withaspecificfocusontheimpactsonfamilyfarmingsystems.AgricultureaccountsforasubstantialshareofGrossDomesticProductandemploymentinthecountry,andthepost-farmgatestagesofthevaluechaincanaccountformorethanhalfofthevalueaddedtoitskeyagriculturalproducts.Inaddition,theagriculturesectorrepresentsacriticaldriverofdeforestationandlandscapedegradationandpresentssignificantopportunitiesforcuttinggreenhousegasemissionsbyimprovingsectoralefficiency.Givenagriculture’slargeeconomicandenvironmentalfootprintsinthecountry,theperformanceoftheagrologisticssystemhaslargepotentialimpactsoneconomicgrowth,employment,andwellbeing.Infact,efficient,sustainableandinclusiveagrologisticsarecriticaltopromotegreen,resilientandinclusivegrowthinGuinea-Bissau.

Overall,thisstudyaimstoidentifyagrologisticsbottlenecksthataffectthedevelopmentofthemainagrifoodvaluechainsinGuinea-Bissau,consideringsynergiesbetweenmultipleobjectivessuchasexportpromotionandtradeintegration,creationofgreenanddecentjobs,foodsecurity,povertyreductionandinclusionofvulnerablepopulations,climatechangeadaptationandmitigation.Theobjectiveofthisnoteistoinformpublicandprivatestakeholdersinthecountry;identifykeychallenges,opportunitiesandbestpracticesinstrengtheningagrologisticssystems,wheretheseareunderstoodtorepresenttheentirevaluechainfromthefarmgatetothefinalconsumer;andpresentconcrete,operationalrecommendationsforconsiderationbypublicandprivatesectoractorsengagedinagrologisticsinGuinea-Bissau.

1.2AGRICULTUREINGUINEA-BISSAUANDTHEIMPORTANCEOFAGROLOGISTICS

Guinea-Bissauextendsover36,125kilometerssquared,betweenSenegalintheNorthandGuineaintheSoutheast.Thetopographyofthecountryismainlycoastalplain,withlargeextensionsofmangroveforestsalongits350-kilometercoastline,andasavanna-typelandscapeintheeastofthecountry.Theclimateistropicalwithonerainyseason,fromJunetoNovember,andonedryseasonfromDecembertoMay.

Guinea-Bissauisahighlyfragilestate,wherepersistentinstabilityreflectspatternsofcyclicalpoliticalconflict,elitefragmentation,andconstrainedinstitutionalcapacity.Thecountryischaracterizedb