考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷184

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷184

一、阅读（补全短文）（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共

20分。）

ImagineifeverytimeyousawsomeonecalledTomyougotastrongtasteofcarwaxin

yourmouth.IthappenstoWilliamJames,whorunsapub.Tomisoneofhisregulars.

Anotherregular'snamegiveshimthetasteofwetnappies.Forsomepuzzlingreason,

James'ssenseofsoundandtasteareintermingled.[Cl]Bothofthemhavea

mysteriousconditioncalledsynaesthesia（联觉），inwhichtheirsenseshavebecome

linked.Foryearsscientistsdismissedit,puttingitinthesamecategoryasscanccs（an

attempttocommunicatewithGod）andspoon-bending.Butnow,synaesthesiaissparking

arevolutioninourunderstandingofthehumanmind.[C2]Butdespitethese

differences,scientistsarenowbeginningtodiscovermoreandmoreoverarching

synaestheticpatternsamongsynaesthetesandnon-synaesthetes.Dorothydoesn'tonlysee

lettersandnumbersincolor.Musicproducesariotofcolor,too.[C3]But

surprisingly,whennon-synaesthetesareaskedtomatchcolorsandmusic,theyshowa

similarpattern.Mostofusseemtoassociatelownoteswithdarkercolorsandhighnotes

withbrightercolors.Theevidenceofthesynaestheteinallofusdoesn'tendhere.

Scientistsstartedtoinvesiigatehownon-synaesthetesdealwithnumbers.Theyfound

they'rebetteratmanipulatingsmallnumberswiththeirlefthand,andtheirbigger

numberswithourrighthand.[C4]Somescientistsbelievethatsynaesthesia

mightevenexplainhowweevolvedtwoofthetraitsthatdefineourspeciesandhave

transformedourworld-creativityandlanguage.[C5]Somebelievethatour

commonsynaestheticabilitiesmayalsohavebeenthespringboardtolanguage.

Connectionsbetweenoursensesofhearingandvision,forexample,couldhavebeenan

importantinitialsteptowardsthecreationofwords.Ourearliestancestorsmayhavefirst

startedtotalkbyusingsoundsthatactuallyevokedtheobjecttheywishedtodescribe.

Accordingtothistheory,languagecouldhaveemergedfromthemultitudeof

synaestheticconnectionswithinourbrains.[A]AsDorothyhearsnotesgoingfromlowto

high,hercolorschangefromblackandpurpletomid-brownsandthenyellowsand

whites.Overall,lowernoiesevokedarkercolorsandhighernotesbrightercolors一and

thispatternistrueformostsynaesthetes.[B]Scientistsagreethatsynaesthesiahasa

geneticbasis,becauseitfrequentlyrunsinfamilies.Butanactualsynaesthesiagcnc（or

genes）hasnotbeenidentifiedyet.[C]Synaestheteshavelongbeenaccusedofmaking

theirexperiencesup.Intheearly1990s,however,ProfessorSimonBaron-Cohenof

CambridgeUniversitynoticedthatsynaestheticcolorsdon'tchangeoverlime.Ifasked

whatcolorisevokedbyaletterornumber,synaesthetesareincrediblyspecificand

consistentatnamingit—eveniftestedmonthsorevenyearsapart.Thisconsistencywas

seenasaproofthatsynaesthesiaisreal.[D]Manyfamousartistshavebeen

synaesthctes—thejazzlegendMilesDavis,forinstance,andthepainterKandinsky.In

fact,anumberofstudiessuggestthatsynaesthesiamaybemorecommonamongartists,

poetsandmusicians.Thishasledsomescientiststoarguethatsynaesthesiaandcreativity

mayshareasimilarbasis-thatbothmaybedowntobrainprocessesthatinvolvelinking

twoseeminglyunrelatedareas.[E]Twosynaesthetesseldomagreeonthecolorsortastes

theyexperience.It'sveryunlikelytohavethesametasteforanothersynaesthete.

Dorothy'sbrotherPeter,alsoasynaesthete,won'tseeMorZinthesamecolorasshe

does.[F]DorothyLathamseeswordsascolors.Whenevershereadsablackandwhite

text,sheseeseachlettertingedintheshadeofherownmulti-coloredalphabet-even

thoughsheknowstherealityofthetextisblackandwhite.Spokenwordshaveaneven

strangereffect.Sheseesthem,spelledoutletterbyletter,onacolorfultickertape（纸带）in

frontofherhead.[G]Thissuggeststhatweallsomehowthinkofnumbersasarrangedin

space,justassynaesthetsdo,evenifwe'renotawareofit.Moreevidence,itseems,that

wc'rcallsynacsthctictosomedegree.It'sjustthatsomepeopleexperienceamore

exaggeratedversion.

1、【Cl】

标准答案：F

知识点解析：参看下段首行的both,可知此处应该是讲另外一个例子。多萝西将

字形和色彩混在一起。石白纸黑字放到她面前，她总能看到一些多彩的图案，尽管

她心里清楚这些色彩是不存在的.话语对她产生的影响更神奇.从口里叶出的每个

单词像是打印在彩色的纸带上呈现在她眼前。

2、[C2]

标准答案：E

知识点3析：根据下一段的首句bul,可推测此处应该是说两个都具备联觉能力的

人对色彩或味道的反应未必相同，联觉能力因人而异。对于同一个字母（M或Z）,

多萝西和她的兄弟彼得（也具备联觉能力）看上去是不一样的。

3、（C31

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此项详述多萝西对音乐的联觉反应。要是听到从低到高的音符，她眼

前的色彩会从黑紫色变成浅黄，黄色直至白色。总的说来，低音符唤起深色，而高

音符唤起亮色。

4、[C4]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：根据上段的例子，可以得出这样的结论：正常人和具备联觉能力的人

一样，都不自觉地将数字在空间进行了排列。更多证据表明，所有人都具备联觉的

能力，只不过有高有低罢了。

5、[C51

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据下段内容可知此处应该论述联觉能力的高低跟一个人的创造力之

间的关系。研究表明，联觉现象多出现在艺术家、诗人和音乐家身上。这促使研究

者得出了一个初步的结论：人的联觉能力和创造力，看似风马牛不相及，实际上都

跟大脑的皮层组织有关。

Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)isoneofthemostfearedand

misunderstoodofallmedicalconditions.Despiteover200scientificpapersbeing

publishedonthisneurologicalconditioneveryyear,itremainsstigmatizedand

controversial.Somedoctorsdon'tevenbelieveitexists,[Cl]InCharlotte

Fisher'shousehold,ADHDisrampant.Bothsheandherchildren,Jazmine(11)and

James(7),havealreadybeendiagnosedwithit.Allthreeshowtheclassicsymptomsof

thisneurologicalcondition-inattention,hyperactivityandimpulsiveness.Theresultisa

householdwithextremesofbehaviors,chaosanddisorganization.[C2]People

withADHDhavedifficultysuppressingtheirimpulsesandthereforerespondtomore

cuesthantheaverageperson.Ratherthanfailingtopayattention,theypayattentionto

everything.ThismeanstheyYeoftenoverloadedwithinformationtheycannotfilterout.

Thesepeopleareunabletostopandthinkaboutasituation,to"applythebrakes"and

considertheconsequencesbeforetheyact.Inspiteofthedifficultiesthattheyface,the

Fishersareahappyfamilyandproudofwhotheyareandwhattheycanachieve.[C3]

TheFishershavenotalwayshadsuchapositiveoutlookonlife.Justthreeyears

ago,beforeanyofthemwerediagnosed,lifewasverydifferent.Jameswasextremely

hyperactiveandhadviolentandaggressivetendencies.Jazminewashyperactivetoo.The

wholesituationdidn'tchangeuntilthechildrenwerediagnosed.[C4]Asa

childCharlottewasconstantlyintroubleandfounditdifficulttofitinwithherpeers.She

couldn'tconcentrateatschoolandherteachersdescribedherasunrulyandoutofcontrol.

Sheleftwithfewqualificationsandstartedtotakedrugs.Butthesedrugswereaddictive

andmadeherilltoo.Theyalsodidn'thelpwiththeboutsofsevereanxietythatshehad

sufferedallheradultlife.Untilattheageof30,shewasdiagnosedandtreatedforthe

condition-andabletoturnherlifearound.[C5]Thoughthere'songoing

concernaboutthepossibleoveruseofstimulantdrugs.Butwithregularmonitoringand

supportCharlottehasfoundthatmedicationhasprovidedherfamilywithacrucial

windowofopportunityinwhichshecancontrolherthoughtsandherchildrencanlearn

howtobehave,buildrelationshipsandlaythefoundationsofanormallife.|A|The

diagnosisofherchildren'sADHDbroughtCharlotte^ownlifeintofocus.Asshefound

outmoreaboutthecondition,sherealizedthatADHDhadbeentheproblemofherwhole

life.[B]ScientistsbelievethatpeoplewithADHDbehavethewaytheydobecausethey

havekeydifferencesinthefrontallobesoftheirbrains-thepartthatplaysanimportant

roleinthewaythatwecontrolourimpulses.[C]Yctitisestimatedthatasmanyas3%

5%ofthechildhoodpopulation,andoveronemillionadultsintheUKareaffectedby

ADHD.Thesepeopleareoftendescribedasstupid,lazy,disorganized,wild,outof

controlorwoozyondrugs.Buttherealityisaltogethermorecomplex,anddeeply

moving.[D]BothJazmineandJameshaveimpressivetalents.Jamesshowsgreatpromise

atfootballandhasrecentlywonaplaceatalocalfootballschoolofexcellence.Jazmine

hasanexceptionalartisticability.Shehaswonanumberofprizesforherintricate

drawingsanddelicatewaiercolorpaintings.[E]Charlotte,JamesandJazminenowalltake

methylphenidate,astimulantdrugmostcommonlyknownbythebrandnameRitalin.

MethylphenidatehelpstocontrolsomeofthecoresymptomsofADHD.|F|Notall

childrenwithADHDneedmedicationandthereareanumberofnon-pharmacological

treatmentsthateffectivelyhelptocontrolsymptomstoosuchasbehaviormanagement

adviceforschoolsandparents,specializedparentskillstrainingandfamilyand

individualtherapy.|G|Evenwhenachildisbeingmedicated,itisrecommendedthat

behaviormanagementstrategiesarealwaysprovidedinconjunctionwiththedrugs.

6、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此项紧接上文，补述多动症的现状不容乐观。据估计，英国大约3%

到5%的儿童和100万成年人均患有此症。患者受到种种歧视。人们认为他们愚

蠢、懒惰，做事没条理，缺乏自制力，随时都有吸毒的可能。

7、[C2]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：下段介绍多动症的症状，因此这里适宜介绍病理。科学家认为人们做

事冲动是由额叶决定的，而多动症病人的额叶跟正常人不同。

8、[C3]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此项紧接上文，详述费希尔一家人目前生活得很幸福，两个孩子在某

些方面的表现尤为突出。詹姆斯擅长踢足球，而杰兹曼显示出很好的艺术天赋，在

绘画比赛中多次获奖。

9、[C4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：参照上下段，可知这段应该讲夏洛特本人的情况。在给孩子看病的同

时，她意识到了自己也是个多动症患者。

10、[C5]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：紧接上文，夏洛特一家人既然被诊断为患有多动症，那么应该如何诊

治呢?她们都在服用一种精神兴奋剂，这种药物能很好地控制多动症的核心症状。

此外，根据下一段的首句，也可推测此处要讲的内容。

In2001,asecretmeetingofleadingIsraeliarchaeologistsareshownaremarkable

artifact.It'sastonetablet,apparentlyfrom1000B.C.Thewritingonitsfacedescribes

repairstothetempleofKingSolomon.Itisthefirstarchaeologicalevidenceeverfound

ofthislegendarybuilding.Thereliccausedasensation.Butthiswasonlyjustthestart.

[Cl]Thesewereapparentlytheresultofthetabletsurvivingthefirewhich,

accordingtothebible,destroyedthetemplewhentheBabylonianssackedJerusalemin

586B.C.ThestonetabletwasofferedforsaletotheIsraelMuseum,hometomanyof

Israel'sgreatesttreasures.Rumorssuggestedtheaskingpricewasashighas$10million.

[C2]Tomakemattersmorecomplex,thestoneitselfhaddisappearedagain.

TheIsraeliAntiquitiesAuthoritywantedanswers.Anine-monthsearchforthe

mysteriousstrangerwhohadfirstappearedwiththesteneeventuallyledthemtoaprivate

detectivewhohadbeenhiredbyawellknownantiquitiescollector,OdedGolan.Golan

insistedhetoowasjustafrontman（名誉负责人）foranothercollector.Buttheauthorities

weresuspicious.HewasknowntobetheowneroftheJamesOssuary（尸骨罐）,another

extraordinaryartifactwhichhadappearedacoupleofyearsearlier.Thiswasaburialbox

withaninscriptionlinkingittoJesus'brother.[C3]Lookingatthestone,

severallinguistssaid"fake".SomeoftheHebrew,theyclaimed,wasnotancient.Other

expertsclaimedthatsolittleisknownofancientHebrewthatit'simpossibletobesure.

Thecommitteeturnedtogeology.Dr.YuvalGoren,ageo-arehaeologistandheadof-the

ArchaeologicalInstituteatTel-AvivUniversity,soonfoundevidencethatateamof

sophisticatedforgershadledtheearlierexpertsastray.[C4]Theauthorities

presentedtheirconclusions.TheyannouncedthatthestonetabletandtheJamesOssuary

wereelaboratefakes.[C5]Somearchaeologistshavenowconcludedthat

everythingthatcametomarketinthelast20yearswithoutclearprovenanceshouldbe

consideredafake.Manyoftheseobjects,likethestonetabletwhichstartedthe

investigation,werecynicallyplayingonthedesireofmanyofthecollectorstoseethe

bibleconfirmedashistory.ForthoseinsearchofthetempleofSolomon——theirgoalisas

farawayasever.[AJThcauthoritiesraidedGolan'sapartmentandrecoveredboththe

ossuaryandtheelusivestone.Itwastimetoestablishonceandforallifbothwere

genuine.Sotheysetupacommitteeoflinguistsandscientiststoexaminethem.|B|The

patina（铜绿）onthestpnehadinfactbeenmanufacturedartificially.Thecharcoal

particles,whichproducedtheconvincingradiocarbondate,hadbeenaddedbyhand.And

thegoldfragmentshintingatanancientfirewereacleverfinaladdition.[C]Butthe

museumneededtoknowwherethestonehadcomefrom.Evenitsownerwasamyslery.

|D|Forauthentification,thetabletwastakentotheGeologicalSurveyofIsrael.Here,

afterabatteryoftests,includingradiocarbondating,scientistsofficiallypronouncedthe

stonetobegenuine.The（estsevenrevealedmicroscopicparticlesofgoldintheouter

layerofstone.[E]Thestonetablethasa15-lineinscriptioninancientHebrewthat

resemblesdescriptionsinKingsII,12:1-6,11-17,saidIsrael'sGeologicalSurvey,which

examinedtheartifact.ThewordsrefertoKingJoash,whoruledthearea2,800years

ago.Init,thekingtellsprieststotake"holymoney...tobuyquarrystonesandtimber

andcopperandlabortocarryoutthedutywithfaith.Iftheworkiscompletedwell,the

Lordwillprotecthispeoplewithblessing,nreadsthelastsentenceoftheinscription.

[F]AccordingtotheBible,TheTempleofSolomonwastheIsraelites'firstpermanent

"house"ofGod,builtspecificallytohousetheArkoftheCovenant.TheArk,agold

coveredwoodenchestcontainingtheTenCommandments,hadoriginallybeencarriedby

thechosenpeopleandMosesthroughthedesert.[G]Butwhowasproducingthesefakes

andhow?Dr.Gorendecidedtopiecetogetherhowthestonetablethadbeenmade.He

trackedtheoriginofthestoneitself-apparentlyabuildingblocktakenfromaCrusader

castle.Itwasevenpossibletoworkouthowthefakepatinahadbeenmanufacturedand

theingredientsused.Whatwasclearwastheteamofforgersincludedexpertsinarange

ofdisciplines.

11、[Cl]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：要证明是文物，自然要经过文物局的验证（authentification）；另外根据

第二段也可以推出，此处应该介绍对该石碑的检验。地质勘测局经过•系列的测

试，包括利用测定放射性碳元素的含量来推测石碑的年龄，专家最后的结论是此物

为真品。检验过程中，通过显微镜甚至可以看到覆盖在石头表层的黄金颗粒。

12、[C2]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据下段前半句，可推测此处应该谈到该文物在售出的过程中遇到了

些麻烦。以色列国家博物馆在成交之前，必须弄清楚文物从何而来，而当时谁都不

知道石碑的主人是谁。

13、[C3]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：高兰的身份既然已经泄漏，当局自然不会轻易放过他。他们搜捕「他

的住宅，找到了骨罐和那个让人费解的石碑，并组织了一批语言学家和文物专家进

行鉴定。

14、[C4]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此项指出已找到相关的证据足以给那伙造假商定罪。经检测发现，石

碑上的铜绿是人为喷上去的，那些可用来进行测定文物年龄的碳粒也是人工附着上

去的。甚至石碑表面的那层金粉也是伪造的。

15、[C5]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：那么，谁是这件II品的始作俑者呢?戈伦博士对石碑检测后发现它源

于十字军战士东征时修建的一座城堡。经过更细致的检验，他测出了铜绿的成分，

甚至可以弄清楚伪造者是如何将它覆盖到石碑表层的。

Mostpeoplebelievedthatchimpanzees,ourclosestlivingrelatives,werepeacefulapes

livinganidylliclifeintheAfricanrainforest—untilJaneGoodall,azoologist,beganher

pioneeringworkinGombe.Itwasshewhofirstobservedchimpseatingmeat."Iusedto

thinkthatchimpanzeeswerebasicallyvegetariansandperhapsconsumedafewinsects",

shesays.[Cl]Sincethattime,chimp"murders"havebeenwitnessedinother

studysitesatMahale,inTanzania,andKibaleandNgogoinUganda.Chimpsinvolvedin

whathasbecomeknownas"lethalraiding"followaveryspecificpatternofbehavior.

Malesgoona"borderpatrol"—walkingsilentlyinsinglefile,searchingforlonemales

fromanothergroup.Whentheyfindone,anumberofmaleswillholdhimdown,while

theothersbeathimtodeath.AccordingtoGoodall'sobservation,theseattackson

strangerscanlastbetween10and20minutesandcanbeexcessivelybrutal.[C2]

RichardWrangham,aprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasmadeastriking

comparisonbetweenhimpanzeeandman.Inhisopinion,thereisonlyoneothermammal

inwhichthemalewillmakedeliberateattemptstogooutandkillneighboringgroupsof

thesamespecies,andthatishumans.AndhecallsittheDemonicMaleHypothesisfbra

verysimplereason."Wethinkaboutthisasbeingdemonicmalebehaviorbecause,of

course,femalesdon'tdoit,"saysWrangham.Inasense,Wrangham'shypothesiscanbe

justified.【C3】Butnotallchimpanzeepopulationsareasaggressiveas

Wrangham^.MajorprojectsintheIvoryCoastandtheCongohavefailedtorecord

chimpanzeeseverkillinganotherindividual.Sotherearepeoplewhoarguethat,though

chimpanzeescancertainlybeaggressive,focusingontheirviolenceismisguided.

ProfessorFransdeWaal,fromEmoryUniversity,says:[C4]Unsurprisingly,

deWaalisnotoneofWrangham'sgreatestfans.Wrangham'sargumentrestsonour

currentassumptionthatchimpanzeesandhumansdivergedfromacommonancestorfive

tosixmillionyearsago.Ifchimpsandhumansarebothviolent,theyarelikelytosharea

geneticlegacyforviolencewiththisancestor."I'mnot100percentconvincedthatthelast

commonancestorwaschimpanzee-like,"saysdeWaal.Hehintsthatthereisanother

creature-likebonobo（倭黑猩猩），thatisequallyrelatedtochimpanzeesandhumansand

isnotviolent.[C5]However,whatwedoknowisthatneitherchimpanzees

norbonobosaretruewindowstothehumansoul.Analyzingtheirbehaviorwillnot

necessarilyhelpusexplain,condoneorimproveourov/n.Rather,weshouldstudyand

conserveourclosestlivingrelativesfortheirownsakes.[A]"Withintheircommunity,

there'salotofco-opcration,friendlybehaviorandconflictresolution."[B]Thc

chimpanzeelivesintroopsofbetween25and80,eachwithadominantmale.Thehome

rangeofeachtroopvariesfrom18to21sqkmintheforestand100to200sqkmin

savannah,moreopencountry.Theterritoriesofdifferenttroopsoftenoverlaponeanother

withinthesedifferenthabitats.[C]Thereisstillalongwaytogobeforewecanunravel

therelationshipbetweenmanandthechimporthebonobo.Wecan'tsayforcertain