考博英语模拟试卷79

考博英语模拟试卷79

一、词汇（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

1、Manypuremetalshavelittleusebecausetheyaretoosoft,rusttooeasily,orhave

someother.

A、bruises

B>blunders

C、handicaps

D、drawbacks

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是说狠多纯金属无法使用，因此它们太软、易生锈、或有些其他

的缺陷。D项drawbacks“缺点，障碍”符合题意。其他三项bruises"瘀伤，擦伤”：

blunders”大错,失误”:handicaps”妨碍,使不利，阻碍”都不正确。

2、Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewasintropiccountries.

A、prospective

B、prevalent

C^provocative

D、perpetual

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是说一些研究证实这种眼疾在热带国家很普便。B项

prevalent”普遍的,流行的”符合题意,如：Thehabitoftravellingbyaircraftis

becomingmoreprevalenteachyear.坐飞机旅行一年比一年普遍了。其他三项

prospective“预血的“；provocative”煽动的"：perpetual“永久的”都不正确。

3、Afterseveralnucleardisasters,ahasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

A、quarrel

B、suspicion

C>verdict

D、controversy

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说展开了--场关于核能源安全性的辩论。D项

cuiilruvcisy"争论,辩论‘论战''符合题意，如:give【iselumuchcunliuversy（弓I起许

多争论）。其他二项quarrel"吵架，反目,怨言“；suspicion"猜疑，怀疑”；

verdict”（陪审团的）裁决，判决，判断”都不正确。

4、Heisa（n）andwell-behavedchild,buthisparentsworryabouthimforhe

talkstoolittle.

A、obedient

B、transient

C、conscious

D、passionate

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他是个孝顺和循规蹈矩的孩子。A项。bcdient”服从

的，孝顺的符合题意，如：beobedienttoone'sparents（顺从父母/孝顺父母）。其他

三项transient”短暂的，瞬时的"；conscious”有意识的,有知觉的，故意的,羞怯

的"：passionate”充满热情的”都不正确。

5、Maryoncewithanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

A^merged

B、collaborated

C、coincided

D、constituted

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是说Mary曾经与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一支流行乐曲。B项

collaborated”合作，通敌”符合题意，如：collaborateonabookwithsb.（与某人合著

一本书）。其他三项merged“合并，并入，结合'coincided"一致，符合'

constituled“制定（法律），建立（政府），组成，任命”都不正确。

6、Amanhastomakeforhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhen

old.

A、supply

assurance

C、provision

D、adjustment

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说为老年做预防。C项provision“供应，（一批）供应

品，预备，防备，规定，'符合题意，如：tomakeprovisionforthefuture（以备日后

之需）。其他三项supply"补给，供给，供应品"；assurance“确信，断言，保证，担

保“；adjustment"调整，调节，调节器”都不正确。

7、Earlwasbalancinghimselfontopofthefencewhenhelosthisandfelloff.

A^equilibrium

B、equivalence

C、equivalent

D^equation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他失去平衡跌落下来。A项equilibrium"平衡，平

静，均衡”符合题意，如：theequilibriumofdemandandsupply（供求均衡）。其他三

项equivalence“同等，［化］等价，等值”;equivalent"等价物,相等物”;equation"相

等，平衡，综合体”都不正确。

8、Theofasociety,club,etc,aretherecordsofitsdoings,especiallyas

publishedeachyear.

A、procedures

B、processes

C、proceedings

D、projects

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说一个社团、俱乐部等社交活动的记录。C项

proceedings"行动，进行"；［pL］会议录，学报符合题意。其他三项procedures“程

序，手续“：processes"过程，作用；方法，程序，步骤“；projects”计划，方案，事

业，企业，工程”都不正确。

9、Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethievesknowwhereto

look.

A^virtually

B、initially

C^invariably

D、infinitely

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说贼总是知道在哪找到钥匙。C项invariably”不变地，

总是''符合题意，如：Allthingsinvariablydivideintotwo.事物都是一分为二的。

其他二项virtually”事实亡,实质上“：initially"最初，开头”：infinitely”无限地，无

穷地”都不正确。

10^OutsidershavethesuccessofEasternAsia'seconomicswithadmiration,

wondermentandsometimeshostility.

A、gazed

B、glanced

C、contemplated

D、peered

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、Ittookalotofimaginationtocomeupwithsuchanplan.

A、inherent

B、ingenious

C、infectious

D^indulgent

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说提出这样一个有独创性的计划。B项ingenious”机灵

的，有独创性的“符合题意,如：Aningeniousideasuddenlycameuponhimwhenhe

wastakingawalkwithhiswife.他在和他夫人散步时突然想到了一个绝妙的主意。

其他三项inherent”固有的，内在的，与生俱来的"；infectious”有传染性的，易传染

的，有感染力的“；indulgent"纵容的”都不正确。

12>Therearesomebetweentheirtwodescripiions;wearepuzzledwhichwe

shouldbelieve.

A、discrepancies

B、distractions

C、diversions

D、discretion

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他们间的两种描述有一些差异。A项

discrepancies”相差，差异，矛盾”符合题意，如：Therewasadiscrepancyinthetwo

reportsoftheaccident.在该事件的两个报告中有不一致之处。其他三项

distractions”娱乐,分心，分心的事物”;diversions”转移,转换，牵制，解闷，娱

乐”;discretion“判断力”都不正确。

13、Inmanyculturespeoplewhowerethoughttohavetheabilitytodrcams

werelikelytobehighlyrespected.

A、interpret

intervene

C、inherit

D、impact

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说具有圆梦的能力。A项interpret”解释，说明，口译”

符合题意。其他三项inlervene”干涉，干预，插入"：inherit“继承，遗传而得”；

impact"挤入，撞击，压紧，对……发生影响”都不正确。

14、Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimal

dependsmainlyon.

A、consciousness

B、impulse

C、instinct

D、response

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说动物的行为主要依靠本能。C项iuslincl“本能”符三题

意，如：Sucklingisaninstinctinmammals.哺乳是哺乳动物的本能。其他三项

consciousness”意识，知觉，自觉“：impulse”推动，刺激，冲动“；response“何I答，

响应，反应”都不正确。

15、Equipmentnotofficialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfromthe

workshop.

A^conformingto

BNconsistentwith

C、predominantover

D、providingfor

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说不符合官方安全标准的设备。A项conforminglo"符

合，遵照“符合题意，如：Acoatmustconformtothefigureofthewearer.衣服必须

与身材相配。其他三项consistentwith”与...一致”；predominantover"统治，支

配”:providingfor“预防，防范”都不正确。

16>Accordingtoagrowingnumberofexperts,itisalreadytechnicallyto

constructapioneeringspacecolony,poweredbysolarenergy.

A、practical

flexible

C^feasible

D、beneficial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题中，C项feasible"可行的，切实可行的“符合题意，如：Hisstory

soundsfeasible.他讲的似乎有理。其他三项practical”实际的，实践的“；

flexible“柔韧性，易曲的，灵活的"：beneficial“有益的，受益的“都不正确。

17、Someresearchersfeelthatcertainpeoplehavenervoussystemsparticularly

tohot,drywinds.Theyarewhatwecallweather-sensitivepeople.

A、subjective

B、subordinate

C、liable

D、vulnerable

标准答案：D

知识点解析:本题中，D项vulnerable“易受攻击的,易受……的攻击”符合题意。

其他三项subjective"主观的，个人的"；subordinate"次要的，从属的，下级的“；

liable”有责任的，有义务的，易……的”都不正确。

18、Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost,havingfewmineralrecoursesanda

minimumofindustrialdevelopment.

A^respectively

BNextraordinarily

C^incredibly

D、exclusively

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题空格处是说不得这些地区几乎只依靠农业。D项exclusively"排

外地，专有地”符合题意，如：Mostimportantly,ifallofusgetnewsandinformation

exclusivelyfromtelevision,therewillbeadeclineingeneralliteracy.最重要的是，

如果我们只从电视里获取新闻和消息，那么我们的读写能力就会普遍下降。其他三

项respectively”分别地，各个地”;extraordinarily"格夕卜地"；incredibly“不能相信地”

都不正确。

19、Thereisnodoubtthattheofthesegoodstotheothersiseasytosee.

A^prestige

B>superiority

C、priority

D^publicity

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说这些货物的优势。B项superiority"优越，高傲”符合

题意，如：thesuperiorityovertheenemystoops（相对敌军的优势）。其他三项

prestige"声望，威望，威信"；priority“走,前，优先，优先权"；publicity“公开”都

不正确。

20,Militaryordersareandcannotbedisobeyed.

A、defective

B、conservative

C^alternative

D、imperative

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题是说军事命令必须服从，不能违背。D项imperative”命令的，强

制的，紧急的,必要的，势在必行的“符合题意，：itisimperativethateveryone

ofusremouldhisworldoutlook.我们每个人都必须改造自己的世界观。其他三项

defective“有缺陷的.（智商或行为有）欠缺的Hconservative"保守的.守旧的”：

alternative"选择性的，二中择一的‘‘都不正确。

21、Someeducatorstrytoputstudentsofsimilarabilitiesintothesameclassbecause

theybelievethiskindofgroupingisadvisable.

ANhomogenous

B>instantaneous

C^spontaneous

D^anonymous

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题中，A项homogenous“同腹的，纯系的“符合题意。其他三项

instantaneous”瞬间的,即刻的，即时的“；spontaneous”白发的,自然产生的”;

anonymous"匿名的'"都不正确。

22、Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorful

balloonsslowlyintothesky.

A^ascending

B、elevating

C、escalating

D、lingering

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说数百个彩色气球缓缓升入空中。A项ascending”上升

的，向上的“符合题意。其他三项elevating”举起，提拔，振奋，提升……的职

位”；escalating”逐步升高，逐步增强“：lingering“逗留，闲荡，拖延，游移”都不正

确、

23、Heobviouslydisplayedagreatforsomeofyourpoems.

A、consent

admiration

C>respect

D、pleasure

标准答案：B

知识点解析；本题中，B项admiration”钦佩，赞美，羡慕”符合题意，如；

Mr.Brownseemedtodisplaynofeelingswhentheytoldhimthenews.他们把消息告

诉布朗先生时，他好像无动于衷。其他三项consent”同意，赞成，允诺”：

respect“尊敬，敬重“：pleasure”愉快，快乐，乐事”都不正确。

24、Thestormsweepingoverthisareanowissuretocauseofvegetablesinthe

comingdays.

A^rarity

B、scarcity

C、invalidity

D^variety

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说引起蔬菜的缺乏。B项scarcily”缺乏，不是“符合题

意，如：Thescarcityoffruitwascausedbythedrought.水果供不应求是由于干旱

造成的。其他三项rarity“稀有"：invalidity“无效力”;variety”变化,多样性，种

种，品种''都不正确。

25Itisprobablyboththatheisgoingtothemeetingontimebythemorning

trafficjam.

A、anddialliebedelayed

B、orthathemightbedelayed

C、andhemightbedelayed

D、otherwisethathemightbedelayed

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：本题空格处是说又可能因早晨的交通堵塞而耽搁。both…and…的意

思是“不但……而且……：既……又……”，因此正随答案为A。

26>Withawaveofhishand,themagicianmadetheduck

A、scatter

B、vanish

C>abandon

D、flyaway

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说魔术师使鸭子消失了。B项vanish,、消失，突然不见”

符合题意，如：Ithoughtitwouldrain,butthecloudshavevanishedandit'safine

day.我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好人。其他三项scatter”分散，散

开，撒开，驱散"：abandon”放弃，遗弃"；flyaway“飞走”都不正确。

27、Thepointatatthemeetingiswhethertheyaretoimporttheassemblyline.

A、argument

B>controversy

C、issue

D、conflict

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题空格处是说会上所指向的问题。c项issue”论点，问题，结果”符

合题意。其他三项argument”争论，辩论，论据“：controversy”论争，辩论，论

战"：conflict"斗争,冲突”都不正确。

28、Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadtoit

becauseoftherainyweather.

A、cancel

B、eliminate

C、delay

D^prolong

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题空格处是说他们最后不得不取消计划。A项cancel"取消，删去”

符合题意,id：Icancelledmanyunnecessarywordsinmymanuscript.我把我原稿许

多不需要的字删去了。其他三项eliminate”排除，消除“：delay“耽搁，延迟”：

prolong"延长，拖延”都不正确。

29、ThisdictionaryisintendedforAmericanlearnersofChinese.

A、especially

particularly

CNspecifically

D、uniquely

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是说这本字典是特别为美国的汉语初学者编写的。C项

specifically”特定地，明确地”符合题意。其他三项especially”特别，尤其”；

particularly“独特地，显著地”；uniquely”独特地，唯一地，珍奇地”都不正确。

30、AUNofficialsaidthataidprogramswouldbeuntiltherewasadequate

protectionforreliefconvoy.

A、depended

B、suspended

C^postponed

D、expended

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题空格处是说援助计划将被延缓。B项suspended“延缓”符合题

意，如：Wcsuspendedthebuildingworkduringtherain.下雨天我们中断了建筑工

作。其他三项depended"依靠，依赖”：postponed”推迟，使延期”：expended”花

费，消耗''都不正确。

二、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Inadditiontoredistributingincomes,inflationmayaffectthetotalrealincomeand

productionofthecommunity.Anincreaseinpricesisusuallyassociatedwithhigh

employment.Inmoderateinflation,industriesareoperatingefficientlyandoutputisnear

capacity.Thereisagreatdealofprivateinvestmentandjobsareplentiful.Suchhasbeen

thehistoricalpattern.Thusmanybusinesspersonsandunionleaders,inevaluatingalittle

deflationandalittleinflation,considerthelattertobethelesseroftwoevils.Inmild

inflation,thelossestofixed-incomegroupsarcusuallylessthangainstotherestofthe

community.Evenworkerwithrelativelyfixedwagesareoftenbetteroffbecauseof

improvedemploymentopportunitiesandgreatertake-homepay,ariseininterestrateson

newsecuritiesmaypartlycompensateforanylossestocreditor,andincreasesinpension

benefitsmaypartlymakelossestoretirees.Indeflation,ontheotherhand,thegrowing

unemploymentoflaborandcapitalcausesthecommunity'stotalwell-beingtobeless;so

inasense,thegainersgetlessthantheloserslose.Asamatteroffact,inadepression,or

atimeofseveredeflation,almosteveryonesuffers,includingthecreditorwhoisleftwith

uncollectibledebts.Forthesereasonsasincreaseinconsumptionofinvestmentspending

isconsideredgoodintimesofunemployment,evenifthistendstoincreaseprices

slightly.Whentheeconomicsystemissufleringfromseveredepression,lewpeoplewill

criticizeprivateorpublicspendingonthegroundthatthismightbeinflationary.

Actually,mostofthisincreasedspendingwillincreaseproductionandcreatejobs.Once,

fullemploymentandfullplantcapacityhavebeenreached,however,anyfurther

increasesinspendingarelikelytobecompletelywastedinpricesincrease.

31、"HistoricalpatternsMmentionedinthepassagemeansthatinmildinHation.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Inmoderateinflation?industriesareoperating

efficientlyandoutputisnearcapacity.Thereisagreatdealofprivateinvestmentand

jobsareplentiful.Suchhasbeenthehistoricalpattem.”从中可知A项为正确答案。

32、Whichofthefollowinghappensifthereismildinflation?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Inmildinflation,thelossestofixed-incomegroupsare

usuallylessthangainstotherestofthecommunity.”从中可知D项为正确答案。

33、Intimesofinflation.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是“Thereisagreatdealofprivateinvestmentandjobsare

plentiful.

34、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsinvestmentisthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析；综观全文，C项为正确答案。

35、Whichofthefollowingisclearlytheauthor'sownopinion?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文中内容可得出作者的观点，即人们的收入既受通货膨胀影响也受

通货紧缩影响。因此B项为正确答案。

Perhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile;Handlev/ith

Care.Itwillneverso,thesedaystogoaroundreferringtocriminalsasviolentthugs.You

mustrefertothempolitelyas"socialmisfits".Theprofessionalkillerwhowouldn'tthink

twiceaboutusinghiscluborknifetobattersomeharmlessoldladytodeathinorderto

robherofhermeagerlife-savingsmustneverbegivenadoseofhisownmedicine.Heis

inneedof"hospitaltreatment".Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyisto

blame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.Whenyoulistentothis

kindoftalk,itmakesyouwonderwhywearen'tallcriminals.Wehavedoneawaywith

theabsurdlyharshlawsofthenineteenthcenturyandthisisonlyright.Butsurelyenough

isenough.ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberof

othercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.Theviolentcriminalhas

becomeakinofhero-figureinourtime.Heisglorifiedonthescreen;heispursuedbythe

pressandpaidvastsumsofmoneyforhis"memoirs".Newspaperswhichspecializein

crimereportingenjoyenormouscirculationsandthepublishersoftrashycopsand

robbersstoriesor"murdermysteries"haveneverhaditsogood.Whenyoureadabout

theachievementsofthegreattrainrobbers,itmakesycuwonderwhetheryouarcreading

aboutthesomegloriousresistancemovement.Thehardenedcriminaliscuddledand

cossetedbythesociologistsontheonehandandadoredasaherobythemassesonthe

other.It'snowonderheisaprivilegedpersonwhoexpectsandreceivesVIPtreatment

whereverhegoes.Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent.Itmadetheviolent

robberthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.Itgavethecold-bloodedpoisonersomething

toponderaboutwhilehewasshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.Itprevented

unarmedpolicemenfrombeingkilledwhilepursuingtheirdutybykillersarmedwith

automaticweapons.Aboveall,itprotectedthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,

youngchildren,frombrutalviolence.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatthecriminalcan

literallygetawaywithmurder.Weallknowthat"lifesentence"doesnotmeanwhatit

says.Aftertenyearsorsoofgoodcomfortably,thankyou,ontheproceedsofhiscrime,

ofhewillgooncommittingoffencesuntilheiscaughtagain.Peoplearcalwayswilling

toholdliberalviewsattheexpenseofothers.It'salwaysfashionabletoposeasthe

defenderofunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.Didthedefenders

ofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforethey

suspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly.Yousee,theycouldn't,becauseallthevictims

weredead.

36、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综观全文，本文的主旨是应该用严厉的惩罚来预防犯罪。

37、Intheauthor'sopinion,allthefollowingaretoblameforcrimeEXCEPT.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：B、C、D三项在文中都曾提及。

38、Theword"deterrent"(LineI,Para.3)mostprobablymeans'*

标准答案：A

知识点解析：deterrent的意思是“威慑”，A项threat与之相符。

39、Whatistheloneofthetext?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：综观全文，全篇都是以讽刺的语气来表达。因此c项为了确答案。

40、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardcapitalpunishment?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从文中内容可知，作者对死刑是支持的态度，因此c项为正确答案。

ThegravitationalpulloftheEarthandmoonisimportanttousaswcattempttoconquer

moreandmoreofouter-space.Here'swhy.AsarocketleavestheEarth,thepullofthe

Earthonitbecomeslessandlessastherocketroarsoutintospace.Ifyouimaginealine

betweentheEarththepulloftheEarthandthemoon,thereisapointsomewherealong

thatline,nearertothemoonthantotheEarth,atwhichthegravitationpullofboththe

Earthandthemoononanobjectisjustaboutequal.Anobjectplacedonthemoonsideof

thatpointwouldbedrawntothemoon.AnobjectplacedontheEarthsideofthatpoint

wouldbedrawntotheEarth.Therefore,arocketneedbesentonlytothis"pointofno

return"inordertogetittothemoon.Themoon'sgravitywillpullittherestoftheway.

ThereturntripoftherockettoEarthis,insomeways,lessofaproblem.TheEarth's

gravitationalfieldreachesfarclosertothemoonthandoesthemoon'stoEarth.Thusit

willbenecessarytofireanEarthboundrocketonlyafewthousandmilesawayfromthe

moontoreachapointwheretherocketwilldrifttoearthundertheEarth'sgravitational

pull.Theproblemofrockettravelisnotsomuchconcernedwithgettingtherocketinto

spaceasitiswithguidingtherocketafteritleavestheEarth'ssurface.Rememberthatthe

moonisconstantlycirclingtheEarth.Arocketfiredatthemoonandcontinuinginthe

directioninwhichitwasfiredwouldmissthemoonbyawidemarginandperhaps

continuetodriftoutintospaceuntil"captured"inanotherplanet'sgravitationalfield.To

reachthemoon,arocketmustbefiredtowardthepointwherethemoonwillbewhenthe

rockethastraveledtherequireddistance.Thisrequiresprecisecalculationsofthespeed

anddirectionoftherocketandofthespeedanddirectionofthemoon.Forarocketto

arriveatapointwherethemoon'sgravitywillpullittherestoftheway,itmustreacha

speedcalledvelocityofescape.Thisspeedisabout25,000milesperhour.Ataspeed

lessthanthis,arocketwi'ImerelycircletheEarthinanorbitandeventuallyfallbackto

Earth.

41、Thispassagedealsmainlywith.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综观全文，本篇文章主要是关于地球和月球的地心引力。因此A项

为正确答案。

42、Itcanbeseenthatifarocketmissesitstarget,itkeepsontravelingthroughspace

until.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是“Arocketfiredatthemoonandcontinuinginthe

directioninwhichitwasfiredwouldmissthemoonbyawidemarginandperhaps

continuetodriftoutintospaceuntil4captured*inanotherplanet'sgravitationalfield.“从

中可知B项为正确答案。

43、Arocketmightmissitstarget,bya"widemargin".Thismeanstherocketmissedthe

target.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可用排除法。A项”由于机械故障”，C项“距离短”，D项“因为目

标移动''都不是文中所提原因。因此只有B项为正确答案。

44、Accordingtothepassage,themostdifficulttaskoffiningarocketis.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Theproblemofrockettravelisnotsomuchconcerned

withgettingtherocketintospaceasitiswithguidingtherocketafteritleavestheEarth's

surface.”从中可知C项为正确答案。

45、Precisecalculationsare.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中的precise的意思是“精确的，准确的"，D项exac俨精确的，准确

的”与之相符。

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically'proved"byeconomiststhatthe

lawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinorder

tokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicetheprinciple.It

isgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,

eitherbythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwere

currentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lack

ofresponsibility.Inallwesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeen

introducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseof

unemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarenotpresent,inotherwords,onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveanyHreasonH.[wouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimited

toadefiniteperiodoftime,let'ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragementofan

abnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.Thismaysoundlikea

fantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeoplea

hundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachperson

wereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrests

onthefallacyoftheinherentlaziness.Inhumannature,actually,asidefromabnormally

lazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethanthe

minimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.However,thesuspicions

againstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthe

slandpuinlufthosewhowaullouseownershipuapilalFurthepurposeofforcingothersto

accepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernot

tostarve,workwouldbesufficientlyinterestingandattractiveinordertoinduceoneto

acceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandreject

if;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.Buisuchasystemwouldnotonly

bethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,its

principaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationships

ineverysphereofdailylife.

46、Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto.

标准答案:B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwerecurrenta

hundredyearsago»thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackof

responsibility.”从中可知B项为正确答案。

47、Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcluded

fromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.”从中

可知C项为正确答案。

48、Theauthorarguesthatthesocialinsurancesystemshould

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarenotpresent,inotherwords»onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveany'reason'.Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimited

toadefiniteperiodortime.”从中可知D项为正确答案。

49、Theword"fallacyHmeans.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中fallacy的意思是“谬误，谬论”，D项“wrongbelie『与之相符。

50、Accordingtotheauthor,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题可参照最后一段，从中可知D项为正确答案。

IfSustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshave

aproblem.Humanmanagementisnottraditionallyseenasacentraltothecompetitive

survivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.SkillAcquisitionisconsideredasindividual

responsibility.Laborissimplyanotherforceofproductiontobehired/rentedatthe

lowestpossiblecost,whichisamustasonebuysrawmaterialorequipment.Thelackof

importanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatepecking

order.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondin

command.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,

offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsulted

onmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer.

Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usually

thesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.While

Americanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforce,in

fact,theyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGerman

firms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalor

managerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthatmadeintrainingworkersare

alsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjob

ratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnew

technologies.Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.

IfAmericanworkers,forexampletakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexible

manufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthose

stationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbefore

equipmentisupandrunningatthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentisupandrunningat

capacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecks

thatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslower

paceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthe

populationaffect(hewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystaffthe

processesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowith

theseprocesseswilldisappear.

51、WhichofthefollowingappliestothehumanresourcemanagementofAmerican

companies?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的依据句是第一段的“SkillAcquisitionisconsideredasindividual

responsibility从中可知B项为正确答案。

52、Whatisthepositionoftheexecutiveofhuman-resourcemanagementinAmerican

firms?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题的依据句是"Theexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajor

strategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveofficer.“从中可知

C项为厂确答案。

53、ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputinworkforcetrainingmainlygoeson.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的依据句是“Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighly

concentratedonprofessionalormanagerialemployees.”从中可知A项为正确答案。

54>WhyisthereaslowpaceoftechnologicalchangeinAmericanfirms?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可参照最后一段，从中可知B项为正确答案。

55、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综观全文，A项”美国公司的人力资源管理策略影响了他们竞争的能

力”是本文的主旨。

三、完形填空(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)

Computersmayonedayturnnightintoday-withgoodold,naturalsunlight.Giant

comp