山东省菏泽某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省菏泽某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheglobaltourismindustrycontinuestoshifttowardsustainability(可持续性),withtravelersprioritizingeco-friendlypracticesandculturalrespect.TheWorldTourismOrganization(WTO)2025report,basedonsurveysof120,000travelersand5,000tourismoperatorsacross80countries,highlightscriticaltrends—includinga40%year-over-yearincreaseinbookingsforcommunity-ledtourismprojectsanda25%riseindemandforcarbon-neutral(碳中和)travelpackages.Top5SustainableTourismActivitiesbyRegionalPopularity(2025)ActivityTypeEurope(%)NorthAmerica(%)Asia(%)Africa(%)Global(%)CommunityHomestays6855728169WildlifeConservationTours7562588570SustainableFarmVisits6248655958CulturalHeritageWorkshops7159786468Zero-WasteBeachCleanups5568524956CarbonFootprintofTourismTransport(2025)AirTravel:280kgCO2perpersonpershort-distanceflight(under2,000km);850kgCO2perpersonperlong-distanceflight(over6,000km).RoadTravel:120kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(privatecar);35kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(bus).RailTravel:12kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(electrictrain);45kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(fuel-oiltrain).WaterTravel:180kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(steamship);60kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(localship).“Thesedatashowthatsustainabilityisnolongera‘nice-to-have’butakeydemand,”saysWTOSecretary-GeneralZurabPololikashvili.“Destinationsthatfailtoadopteco-friendlypracticesrisklosingagrowinggroupofconscioustravelers.”Thereportalsonotesthat76%ofoperatorshaveinvested(投资)inrenewableenergyforaccommodations,and68%requirestafftraininginculturalsensitivity—upfrom42%and35%in2020,respectively.1.Whichtourismactivitydidtravelersprefergloballyin2025?A.CommunityHomestays. B.WildlifeConservationTours.C.SustainableFarmVisits. D.CulturalHeritageWorkshops.2.Whichmodeoftransportiscomparativelyenvironmental-friendly?A.Plane. B.Bus. C.Electrictrain. D.Localship.3.Whatcanwelearnabouttourismfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itisgrowingrapidly. B.Itchangeseco-friendlypractices.C.Renewableenergyisamustforit. D.Itsindustrymakesanactiveresponse.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了全球旅游业向可持续发展转型，游客更青睐生态友好型项目。数据显示各类环保旅游受欢迎程度高，不同交通碳排差异大，旅游从业者也在积极落实可持续措施。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据依据表格Global(%)部分“WildlifeConservationTours：70%(野生动物保护之旅：70%)”是最高的，可知，2025年全球游客最青睐的旅游活动是野生动物保护之旅。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据CarbonFootprintofTourismTransport(2025)部分“RailTravel:12kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(electrictrain);45kgCO2perpersonper1,000km(fuel-oiltrain).(铁路运输：乘坐电动列车时，每人每行驶1000公里产生的二氧化碳排放量为12千克；乘坐燃油列车时，每人每行驶1000公里产生的二氧化碳排放量为45千克)”可知，电动火车数值最小，最环保。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thereportalsonotesthat76%ofoperatorshaveinvested(投资)inrenewableenergyforaccommodations,and68%requirestafftraininginculturalsensitivity—upfrom42%and35%in2020,respectively.(该报告还指出，76%的运营商已将资金投入到住宿设施的可再生能源项目中，68%的运营商要求员工接受文化敏感性的培训——与2020年相比，这两项比例分别从42%和35%大幅提升)”可知，旅游业做出了积极回应。故选D。BWhenstudentsatRooseveltHighSchoolinPortland,Oregon,noticedthatlocalfamiliesstruggledtobuyfreshvegetables,theydidn’tjusttalkabouttheproblem—theytookaction.Lastyear,withsupportfromlocalfarmersanda$15,000communityfund,theschool’sEnvironmentalClublaunchedaprojecttobuildtwosolar-poweredgreenhousesoncampus.Thegoal?Togroworganictomatoes,cabbages,andcarrots,thendonate70%oftheharvesttoanearbyfoodbank,whileusingtheresttoteachfellowstudentsaboutsustainablefarming.“Mostofushadneverheldatrowel(铲子)before,”says17-year-oldclubpresidentMayaRodriguez.“Wespentweekendslearninghowtomixsoil,plantseeds,andfixthegreenhouse’swateringsystem.Atfirst,weworriedtheplantswoulddie-weevenstayedafterschooltocoverthemwhenalatefrosthit.Butnow,walkingintothegreenhouseandseeingrowsofcabbages,itfeelslikewe’redoingsomethingreal.”Studentstrackplantgrowthusingdigitaltools,testsoilpHlevels,andstudyhowsunlightaffectscropyields.“Weusedtolearnaboutphotosynthesis(光合作用)intextbooks,”says16-year-oldAlexChen.“Nowwe’rewatchingithappen.Lastmonth,wecomparedtwogroupsoftomatoes-onegrownwithnaturalfertilizer,onewithchemical—andpresentedourfindingstotheschoolboard.Itmadesciencefeeluseful.”LocalfoodbankdirectorLisaHernandezsaysthedonationshavemadeabigdifference.“Before,wecouldonlyoffercannedvegetablestofamilies,”shesays.“Now,we’regivingthemfreshgreensthatkidsactuallywanttoeat.Amothertoldmehersonstartedaskingforsaladsaftertryingthecabbagesfromtheschool’sgreenhouse.”Theschool’sprincipal,Dr.JamesTaylor,believestheprojecthastaughtstudentsskillsnotextbookcould.“They’velearnedteamwork,resilience(适应),andthattheirvoicesmatter,”hesays.“Whenyouseeastudentwhooncehatedsciencestayinglatetowatertomatoes,that’sthekindoflearningthatsticks.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutstudentsatRooseveltHighSchool?A.Theysolvedlocalfarmers’problem. B.Theygotfundsfromalocalfoodbank.C.Theystartedanorganicfarmingproject. D.Theylackedmoneytobuyfreshvegetables.5.WhatmakestheprojectspecialaccordingtoMayaandAlex?A.Itprovidesgreensforthelocals. B.Itteachesstudentsbasiclaborskills.C.Itdevelopsscientificfarmingmethods. D.Itconnectslearningwithhands-onpractice.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheproject?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable. C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.LearningSciencebeyondTextbooks B.StudentsGrowingHopeinGreenhousesC.Solar-PoweredFarmsforCommunityAid D.EnvironmentalClubWhereKindnessGrows【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国一所高中的学生建立太阳能温室，种植有机蔬菜并捐赠给食品银行，既帮助了当地家庭，又将课本知识用于实践，收获了深远的教育与社会意义。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Togroworganictomatoes,cabbages,andcarrots,thendonate70%oftheharvesttoanearbyfoodbank,whileusingtheresttoteachfellowstudentsaboutsustainablefarming.(为了种植有机西红柿、卷心菜和胡萝卜，收获后将70%的农产品捐赠给附近的食品银行，而其余部分则用于向同学们传授可持续农业知识)”可知，罗斯福高中的学生开展了一项有机农业项目。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段““Weusedtolearnaboutphotosynthesis(光合作用)intextbooks,”says16-year-oldAlexChen.“Nowwe’rewatchingithappen.Lastmonth,wecomparedtwogroupsoftomatoes-onegrownwithnaturalfertilizer,onewithchemical—andpresentedourfindingstotheschoolboard.Itmadesciencefeeluseful.”(16岁的亚历克斯·陈说：“过去我们在课本上学习过光合作用的知识。而现在我们亲眼目睹了这一过程的发生。上个月，我们对比了两组西红柿——一组使用天然肥料种植，另一组使用化学肥料——并向学校董事会汇报了我们的研究结果。这让我们觉得科学是有用的。”)”可知，这个项目特别之处在于将学习与实际操作相结合。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theschool’sprincipal,Dr.JamesTaylor,believestheprojecthastaughtstudentsskillsnotextbookcould.“They’velearnedteamwork,resilience(适应),andthattheirvoicesmatter,”hesays.“Whenyouseeastudentwhooncehatedsciencestayinglatetowatertomatoes,that’sthekindoflearningthatsticks.”(该校校长詹姆斯·泰勒博士认为，该项目所传授给学生的是课本无法涵盖的技能。“他们学会了团队合作、适应能力，也明白了自己的声音很重要，”他说道。“当你看到一个原本讨厌科学的学生为了给西红柿浇水而留下来到很晚的时候，这种学习成果才是真正能让人铭记的。”)”以及项目帮助了当地家庭、改变了孩子饮食习惯、学到课本外的能力，影响深远广泛。可知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhenstudentsatRooseveltHighSchoolinPortland,Oregon,noticedthatlocalfamiliesstruggledtobuyfreshvegetables,theydidn’tjusttalkabouttheproblem—theytookaction.Lastyear,withsupportfromlocalfarmersanda$15,000communityfund,theschool’sEnvironmentalClublaunchedaprojecttobuildtwosolar-poweredgreenhousesoncampus.(在俄勒冈州波特兰市的罗斯福高中，学生们发现当地家庭难以购买到新鲜蔬菜，他们不仅只是谈论这个问题，而是付诸实际行动。去年，在当地农民的支持以及一笔15000美元的社区基金的资助下，该校的环保社团启动了一个项目，在校园内建造了两个太阳能温室)”结合文章主要说明了美国一所高中的学生建立太阳能温室，种植有机蔬菜并捐赠给食品银行，既帮助了当地家庭，又将课本知识用于实践，收获了深远的教育与社会意义。可知，B选项“学生们在温室中种植希望”最符合文章标题。故选B。CJaneGoodall’sfinalbook,HopeforthePlanet:LessonsfromaLifetimeofProtectingNature,integratesstoriesfromhertimeinGombewithpracticaladviceforindividuals,communities,andgovernmentstoaddressclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss—offeringreadersadeeplypersonallookatherdecadesofworkandaclearcalltoactionforsavingtheplanet.Inthebook,Goodallreflectsonhermostkeymoments:thedayshewatchedDavidGreybearduseatool,adiscoverythatredefined“humanity”,theheartbreakofwitnessingchimpanzee(黑猩猩)habitatsdestroyedbydeforestation,andthejoyofseeingRoots&Shootsgrowintoaglobalmovement.“I’veseentheworstofwhathumanscando,”shewrites.“ButI’vealsoseenthebest—thekindnessofafarmerwhostopscuttingdowntreestosavechimpanzees,thepassionofa10-year-oldwhoorganisesaparkcleanup,thecourageofscientistsfightingfortruth.That’swherehopelives.”Goodallalsoaddressescommonmythsaboutconservation,arguingthat“savingtheplanetisn’tjustfor‘experts’—it’sforeveryone.”Sheofferssimplesteps:reducingmeatconsumption,supportingsustainablebrands,plantingnativeplants,andtalkingtoothersaboutclimatechange.“Youdon’tneedtobeascientistorapoliticiantomakeadifference,”shewrites.“Youjustneedtocare-andtoact.”“Janewriteslikeafriendsharingwisdom,”saysenvironmentaljournalistBillMcKibbeninhisreviewforTheNewYorkTimes.“Shedoesn’tscarereaderswithdoomsdayscenarios(末日场景)—sheinspiresthemwithstoriesofsuccess.Thisbookisn’tjustamemoir(回忆录);it’sahandbookforhope.”TheJaneGoodallInstitutehasannouncedthatallproceedsfromthebookwillgotosupportingRoots&ShootsandchimpanzeeconservationinGombe.“Janewantedthisbooktobeagifttofuturegenerations,”saysBill.“It’sherwayofsaying.I’mnolongerhere,butyouhaveeverythingyouneedtokeepfighting.”8.WhatisGoodall’sHopeforthePlanetaimedat?A.Reflectingonherpastexperiences. B.Providingguidanceforwildsurvival.C.DemonstratingherinsightintoEarthsaving. D.Recordingherobservationsonchimpanzees.9.WhatdoesGoodallwanttoconveybymentioningdifferentpeople?A.Individualactionmatterstonature. B.Humanityneedstoberedefined.C.Roots&Shootsisgrowingglobally. D.Chimpanzeeslivewellinnature.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“myths”inparagraph3mean?A.Behaviors B.Legends. C.Theories. D.Misunderstandings.11.Whatdocriticsthinkofthebook?A.Itisurgentandalarming. B.ItisvividandhumorousC.Itisinstructiveandencouraging. D.Itislogicalandimpersonal【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了简·古道尔的新书《给地球带来希望：保护自然一生的经验教训》的内容、意义及评价。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“JaneGoodall’sfinalbook,HopeforthePlanet:LessonsfromaLifetimeofProtectingNature,integratesstoriesfromhertimeinGombewithpracticaladviceforindividuals,communities,andgovernmentstoaddressclimatechangeandbiodiversityloss—offeringreadersadeeplypersonallookatherdecadesofworkandaclearcalltoactionforsavingtheplanet.(简·古道尔的收官之作《给地球带来希望：毕生守护自然的启示》，将她在贡贝时期的经历与个人、社区和政府应对气候变化及生物多样性丧失的实用建议融为一体——既向读者展现了她数十年工作中极具个人色彩的深刻回顾，也清晰发出了拯救地球的行动号召。)”可知，古道尔的书旨在展示她对拯救地球的见解。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“ButI’vealsoseenthebest—thekindnessofafarmerwhostopscuttingdowntreestosavechimpanzees,thepassionofa10-year-oldwhoorganisesaparkcleanup,thecourageofscientistsfightingfortruth.That’swherehopelives.(但我也看到了最好的一面——一位农民为了拯救黑猩猩而停止砍伐树木的善良，一个10岁孩子组织公园清理活动的热情，科学家们为真理而战的勇气。希望就在那里。)”可知，古道尔提到不同的人是想传达个人的行动对自然很重要。故选A。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Goodallalsoaddressescommonmythsaboutconservation,arguingthat“savingtheplanetisn’tjustfor‘experts’—it’sforeveryone.”Sheofferssimplesteps:reducingmeatconsumption,supportingsustainablebrands,plantingnativeplants,andtalkingtoothersaboutclimatechange.(古道尔还谈到了关于保护自然的常见myths，认为“拯救地球不仅仅是‘专家’的事——而是每个人的事。”她提出了一些简单的步骤：减少肉类消费，支持可持续品牌，种植本地植物，与他人谈论气候变化。)”可知，古道尔认为拯救地球是每个人的事，并给出了具体的做法，由此可推知，她是在纠正人们对于保护自然的常见误解，所以myths意思是“误解”，与Misunderstandings意义相近。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Janewriteslikeafriendsharingwisdom,”saysenvironmentaljournalistBillMcKibbeninhisreviewforTheNewYorkTimes.“Shedoesn’tscarereaderswithdoomsdayscenarios(末日场景)—sheinspiresthemwithstoriesofsuccess.Thisbookisn’tjustamemoir(回忆录);it’sahandbookforhope.”(“简写起来就像一个分享智慧的朋友，”环境记者比尔·麦基本在为《纽约时报》撰写的评论中说。“她不会用末日场景吓唬读者——而是用成功的故事激励他们。这本书不仅仅是一本回忆录；它是一本希望手册。”)”可知，评论家认为这本书有启发性和鼓励性。故选C。DImaginecollapsingfromaheartattackonabusystreet.Withinseconds,analertflashesonthesmartphonesofthreenearbystrangerswhoaretrainedinCPR.Guidedbyflashingarrowsontheirscreens,theyrushtoyourside,onegrabbingthenearestAED—automatedexternaldefibrillator(除颤仪)whoselocationisexactlymarkedonamap,whiletheothersbeginchestpressesguidedbyanapp.Thisisnotascenefromafuturisticfilm;it’shappeningtodaythankstocommunity-first-responderappsthatareturningbystandersintoorganisedlife-savingnetworks.ThefirstaidappslikePulsePoint,GoodSAM,andHeartrunnerhavecreatedvast,interconnectednetworksofvolunteer“digitalfirstresponders”.Whenemergencyservicesreceiveaheartattackcall,theycanmeanwhilesendprofessionalmedicalworkersandinformtheseregisteredvolunteerswithinacritical500-meterdistance.AlandmarkstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology,analyzingdatafromSweden’snationwidesystem,foundthatbystanderCPRinitiationratesincreasedfrom45%toover75%afterlaunch,withamatching30%boostinsurvivalrates.“Thesinglegreatestfactorinsurvivalisthetimebetweencollapseandthefirstdefibrillatorshock,”explainsDr.RajivMehta,anemergencyphysicianinvolvedwiththeGoodSAMapp.“Theseappseffectivelygeo-locateboththecrisisandthesolution—thevictimandthenearesttrainedpersonwiththenearestAED—dramaticallyshrinking(缩短)thatcriticalwindow.”ThelatestappversionsdemonstratecorrecthandplacementforCPRandprovidesimple,calmingaudiotips,enablingeventhosewhosetrainingwasyearsagotoactfirmly.However,expertsstressthattechnologyisabooster,notareplacement,forwidespreadpubliceducationandmusclememoryfromhands-ontraining.“Appsextendthereachofknowledgeandorganisetheresponse,”saysDr.Mehta,“butwestillneedasocietywherebasicfirstaidisascommonasknowinghowtoswim.Theappconnectsyou;theknowledgeandconfidencesavethelife.”12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Byexplainingaconcept.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.Bytellinganexperience.13.Whichaspectofthefirstaidappsdoesparagraph2focuson?A.Itsdesign. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsmanual. D.Itseffectiveness.14.HowdotheappsmainlycontributetoasuccessfulCPR?A.Theycomfortpatients. B.TheyofferCPRtraining.C.Theyshortenresponsetime D.Theyguidemedicalworkers.15.WhatisDr.Mehta’sattitudetowardscommunity-first-responderapps?A.Appreciative. B.Cautious. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社区急救响应APP，可快速通知附近志愿者实施CPR，大幅提高抢救成功率与生存率。这类应用能缩短急救时间，但仍需配合公众急救知识与训练。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Imaginecollapsingfromaheartattackonabusystreet.Withinseconds,analertflashesonthesmartphonesofthreenearbystrangerswhoaretrainedinCPR.Guidedbyflashingarrowsontheirscreens,theyrushtoyourside,onegrabbingthenearestAED—automatedexternaldefibrillator(除颤仪)whoselocationisexactlymarkedonamap,whiletheothersbeginchestpressesguidedbyanapp.(想象一下，在一个繁忙的街道上突然心脏病发作倒下了。几秒钟后，附近三位接受过心肺复苏术培训的陌生人的智能手机上就会出现警报提示。在屏幕上闪烁的指示箭头指引下，他们迅速赶到你的身边。其中一人迅速拿起地图上明确标注位置的自动体外除颤器（AED），而其他人则根据应用程序的指导进行胸部按压)”可知，作者通过举例说明引入文章话题。故选A。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“ThefirstaidappslikePulsePoint,GoodSAM,andHeartrunnerhavecreatedvast,interconnectednetworksofvolunteer“digitalfirstresponders”.Whenemergencyservicesreceiveaheartattackcall,theycanmeanwhilesendprofessionalmedicalworkersandinformtheseregisteredvolunteerswithinacritical500-meterdistance.AlandmarkstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology,analyzingdatafromSweden’snationwidesystem,foundthatbystanderCPRinitiationratesincreasedfrom45%toover75%afterlaunch,withamatching30%boostinsurvivalrates.(像PulsePoint、GoodSAM和Heartrunner这样的急救应用程序已经构建起了庞大的、相互连接的志愿者“数字急救员”网络。当紧急服务部门接到心脏病发作的求助电话时，他们可以同时派遣专业医护人员，并通知距离事发地点不超过500米范围内已登记的志愿者。《美国心脏病学会杂志》上的一项具有里程碑意义的研究，对瑞典全国性的系统所收集的数据进行了分析，发现该系统启动后，旁观者实施心肺复苏术的比率从45%提高到了超过75%，同时存活率也相应提高了30%)”可知，第二段重点论述了急救应用程序的有效性。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theseappseffectivelygeo-locateboththecrisisandthesolution—thevictimandthenearesttrainedpersonwiththenearestAED—dramaticallyshrinking(缩短)thatcriticalwindow.(这些应用程序能够精准地确定危机发生的地点以及解决方案所在的位置——即受害者所在的位置以及距离其最近的接受过培训的人员以及最近的自动体外除颤器的位置——从而极大地缩短了这一至关重要的反应时间窗口)”可知，应用程序主要作用是缩短急救响应时间。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Appsextendthereachofknowledgeandorganisetheresponse,”saysDr.Mehta,“butwestillneedasocietywherebasicfirstaidisascommonasknowinghowtoswim.Theappconnectsyou;theknowledgeandconfidencesavethelife.”(梅塔博士表示：“应用程序扩大了知识的传播范围，并对应对措施进行了合理组织。但我们仍需要这样一个社会：基本的急救知识能像学会游泳一样普及。应用程序能将你与相关信息连接起来；而知识和信心则能挽救生命。”)”可知，梅塔博士对以社区为服务核心的应急响应应用程序持谨慎态度。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatYourEyeContactSaysinDifferentCulturesEyecontactisoftencalledthe“windowtothesoul”,butitsmeaningchangesdramaticallydependingonwhereyouare.AteamofOxfordUniversityexpertsrecentlyreleasedareportEyeContactandCulture,whichexploreshoweyecontactnormsinfluencesocialinteractionsacross30countries.____16____InWesternculturesliketheUSandCanada,sustainedeyecontactisgenerallyviewedasasignofhonesty,confidence,andengagement.____17____Teachersencouragestudentstomakeeyecontactwhenspeakinginclass,andjobinterviewersoftenjudgeapplicantsbasedontheirabilitytomaintainit.Alackofeyecontactmaybeinterpretedasshyness,dishonesty,ordisinterest.____18____InChina,SouthKorea,andVietnam,toomucheyecontact—especiallywitheldersorpeopleinpositionsofauthority—isconsidereddisrespectful.Childrenaretaughttolookdownslightlywhenspeakingtoadults,asasignofrespect.Thereportalsofounddifferencesineyecontactduration.InWesterncultures,peopletypicallymaintaineyecontactfor50-70%ofaconversation,breakingitoccasionallytoavoidstaring.____19____Itoftentakesup80-90%ofthetalk,whichservesasasignofsincerity.Thesedifferencescanleadtosignificantmisunderstandings.Forexample,aWesterntouristmightthinkaChineseshopkeeperisbeingunfriendlybecausetheyavoideyecontact,whiletheshopkeeperisactuallyshowingrespect.Howcanmisunderstandingsbeavoidedeffectively?____20____Learningaboutthesedifferenceshelpsavoidmisjudgingothersandbuildsmorepositivecross-culturalrelationships.A.InmanyEastAsiancultures,however,therulesareopposite.B.Theansweristorecognizeeyecontactnormsarecultural,notuniversal.C.Peoplemakebriefeyecontactandthenlookaway,asasignofrespectforprivacy.D.ThisculturalnormiswidelyappliedinmanydailyandsocialsettingsintheWest.E.IntheUS,avoidingeyecontactduringaconversationcanmakeyouseemuntrustworthy.F.Thefindingsrevealthatapoliteeyecontactinoneculturecanbeseenasrudeinanother.G.InMiddleEasterncultures,likeIranandEgypt,eyecontactislongerduringconversations.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.G20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了眼神交流在不同文化中的含义差异以及如何避免由此产生的误解。【16题详析】由上文“AteamofOxfordUniversityexpertsrecentlyreleasedareportEyeContactandCulture,whichexploreshoweyecontactnormsinfluencesocialinteractionsacross30countries.(牛津大学的一组专家最近发布了一份报告《眼神交流与文化》，探讨了眼神交流规范如何影响30个国家的社会互动。)”可知，该报告探讨了眼神交流规范如何影响30个国家的社会互动，本空应介绍报告的发现，F选项“Thefindingsrevealthatapoliteeyecontactinoneculturecanbeseenasrudeinanother.(研究发现，在一种文化中礼貌的眼神交流在另一种文化中可能被视为粗鲁。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】由上文“InWesternculturesliketheUSandCanada,sustainedeyecontactisgenerallyviewedasasignofhonesty,confidence,andengagement.(在美国和加拿大等西方文化中，持续的眼神交流通常被视为诚实、自信和投入的标志。)”及下文“Teachersencouragestudentstomakeeyecontactwhenspeakinginclass,andjobinterviewersoftenjudgeapplicantsbasedontheirabilitytomaintainit.(老师鼓励学生在课堂上发言时进行眼神交流，面试官也经常根据应聘者保持眼神交流的能力来评判他们。)”可知，上文说明了在美国和加拿大等西方文化中，持续的眼神交流的意义，下文举例说明了眼神交流在西方文化中的广泛应用，本空应进一步说明眼神交流在西方文化中的普遍应用。D选项“ThisculturalnormiswidelyappliedinmanydailyandsocialsettingsintheWest.(这种文化规范在西方许多日常和社会场合中得到了广泛应用。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。【18题详析】上文“Teachersencouragestudentstomakeeyecontactwhenspeakinginclass,andjobinterviewersoftenjudgeapplicantsbasedontheirabilitytomaintainit.Alackofeyecontactmaybeinterpretedasshyness,dishonesty,ordisinterest.(老师鼓励学生在课堂上发言时进行眼神交流，面试官通常会根据他们保持眼神交流的能力来评判应聘者。缺乏眼神交流可能会被解释为害羞、不诚实或不感兴趣)”说明眼神交流是被鼓励的行为，下文“InChina,SouthKorea,andVietnam,toomucheyecontact—especiallywitheldersorpeopleinpositionsofauthority—isconsidereddisrespectful.Childrenaretaughttolookdownslightlywhenspeakingtoadults,asasignofrespect.(在中国、韩国和越南，过多的眼神交流——尤其是与长辈或权威人士的眼神交流——被认为是不尊重的。孩子们被教导在与成年人说话时要稍微低头，以表示尊重)”提到在中国、韩国和越南等东亚文化中，过多的眼神交流被认为是不尊重的，A选项“然而，在许多东亚文化中，规则是相反的”与上文形成转折关系，并引出下文内容，指出在许多东亚文化中，眼神交流的规则与西方文化相反，符合语境。故选A。【19题详析】由上文“Thereportalsofounddifferencesineyecontactduration.InWesterncultures,peopletypicallymaintaineyecontactfor50-70%ofaconversation,breakingitoccasionallytoavoidstaring.(报告还发现眼神交流的持续时间存在差异。在西方文化中，人们通常在对话中保持50-70%的眼神交流，偶尔会中断以避免盯着对方看。)”及下文“Itoftentakesup80-90%ofthetalk,whichservesasasignofsincerity.(它通常占谈话的80-90%，这是真诚的标志。)”可知，上文举例说明了西方文化中的眼神交流时间，下文说明另一种文化中的眼神交流时间，本空应介绍另一种更长时间眼神交流的文化。G选项“InMiddleEasterncultures,likeIranandEgypt,eyecontactislongerduringconversations.(在中东文化中，如伊朗和埃及，对话中的眼神交流时间更长。)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。【20题详析】由上文“Thesedifferencescanleadtosignificantmisunderstandings.Forexample,aWesterntouristmightthinkaChineseshopkeeperisbeingunfriendlybecausetheyavoideyecontact,whiletheshopkeeperisactuallyshowingrespect.Howcanmisunderstandingsbeavoidedeffectively?(这些差异可能会导致严重的误解。例如，一位西方游客可能会认为中国店主不友好，因为他们避免眼神交流，而店主实际上是在表示尊重。如何有效地避免误解呢？)”可知，上文说明了不同文化中眼神交流的差异会导致误解，并提出了如何有效地避免误解的问题，本空应给出答案。B选项“Theansweristorecognizeeyecontactnormsarecultural,notuniversal.(答案是认识到眼神交流规范是文化性的，而不是普遍性的。)”能回答上文的问题，符合语境。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EverySaturdaymorning,72-year-oldMargaretCarterarrivesattheOakwoodCommunityLibrarywithabrightsmile.For15years,shehasrunafreestorytimeprogramfor3-7-year-oldkidsandherworkhasbecomeabeloved____21____intheneighborhoodCarter’sjourneyasavolunteerbeganaftershe____22____fromherjobasakindergartenteacher.Shenoticedhowmanykidsintheareahad____23____accesstobooksathome.Shewantedtostay____24____tochildrenandshareherloveofreading,sosheapproachedthe____25____aboutstartingastorytime.Theprogramwasaninstant____26____,andovertheyears,ithasgrownfromjust5kidstomorethan30eachweek.WhatmakesCarter’sstorytime____27____isherabilitytomakebookscomealive.Shespendshourseachweek____28____booksthatarebothfunandeducational.Sheusesdifferentvoicesforeach____29____actsoutsceneswithgestures,andevenbringsprops(道具)tolivenupthestories.Carteralsogoesthe____30____miletoconnectwitheachchild.Sheoften____31____afterstorytimetohelpkidspickoutbookstotakehome.Forkidswho____32____withreading,sherecommendssimple,engagingstoriesandfollowsupnextweektoknowtheirthoughts.Overtheyears,Carterhaswatchedmanykids____33____withherstorytime.Someevenreturnedasteenagerstovolunteer,sayingherprogram____34____theirlifelongloveofreading.“That’sthegreatest____35____,”Cartersays,“knowingIhelpedplantaseedthatgrowswiththem.”21.A.task B.tradition C.action D.plan22.A.returned B.recovered C.retired D.suffered23.A.little B.convenient C.secure D.massive24.A.separated B.assigned C.amused D.connected25.A.school B.library C.home D.bookstore26.A.game B.idea C.hit D.goal27.A.dull B.strange C.ordinary D.special28.A.selecting B.borrowing C.cleaning D.retelling29.A.character B.volunteer C.kid D.teacher30.A.flat B.extra C.rough D.last31.A.hesitates B.relaxes C.stays D.wanders32.A.react B.handle C.agree D.struggle33.A.growup B.speedup C.workout D.comeback34.A.changed B.showed C.developed D.proved35.A.season B.reward C.smile D.theme【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.C27.D28.A29.A30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述72岁的玛格丽特·卡特退休后，在图书馆义务为孩子开展读故事活动，用爱心传递阅读乐趣并影响孩子们一生的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：15年来，她为3至7岁的孩子举办免费的读故事活动，她的工作已成为社区里备受喜爱的传统。A.task任务；B.tradition传统；C.action行动；D.plan计划。根据上文“For15years”可知，她坚持举办该活动多年，已成为社区的一种传统。故选B。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：卡特的志愿者之旅始于她从幼儿园教师岗位退休后。A.returned返回；B.recovered恢复；C.retired退休；D.suffered遭受。结合上文“72-year-oldMargaretCarter”和下文“fromherjobasakindergartenteacher”可知，此处指她退休后开始做志愿者。故选C。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她注意到该地区很多孩子家里几乎没有机会接触书籍。A.little少的、几乎没有的；B.convenient方便的；C.secure安全的；D.massive大量的。结合后文“helpkidspickoutbookstotakehome”可知，孩子们家里接触书籍的机会少。故选A。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她想和孩子们保持联系，分享自己对阅读的热爱，所以她向图书馆提议开展读故事活动。A.separated分离的；B.assigned分配的；C.amused愉快的；D.connected有联系的。根据上文“herjobasakindergartenteacher”和“shareherloveofreading”可知，她想继续和孩子们保持联系。故选D。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她想和孩子们保持联系，分享自己对阅读的热爱，所以她向图书馆提议开展读故事活动。A.school学校；B.library图书馆；C.home家；D.bookstore书店。根据前文“arrivesattheOakwoodCommunityLibrary”可知，她的活动在图书馆开展，因此是向图书馆提议。故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个活动立刻大受欢迎，多年来，它从每周只有5个孩子发展到30多个。A.game游戏；B.idea想法；C.hit热门事物、大受欢迎的活动；D.goal目标。根据下文“grewfromjust5kidstomorethan30eachweek”可知，活动很受欢迎。故选C。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让卡特的读故事活动特别的是她能让书籍变得生动有趣。A.dull枯燥的；B.strange奇怪的；C.ordinary普通的；D.special特别的。根据下文“herabilitytomakebookscomealive”可知，这是她的活动与众不同、特别的地方。故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她每周花几个小时挑选既有趣又有教育意义的书。A.selecting挑选；B.borrowing借；C.cleaning清理；D.retelling复述。结合下文“booksthatarebothfunandeducational”可知，此处指她精心挑选书籍。故选A。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她为每个角色使用不同的声音，用手势表演场景，甚至带来道具让故事更生动。A.character角色；B.volunteer志愿者；C.kid孩子；D.teacher老师。结合上文“makebookscomealive”和下文“actsoutscenes”可知，此处指为书中的每个角色用不同声音朗读。故选A。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡特还付出额外的努力与每个孩子建立联系。