山西省太原市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末学业诊断英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省太原市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末学业诊断英语试卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAIPromptEngineering:YourGatewaytoCareerExcellenceAIPrompt(提示)Engineeringisquicklybecomingamust-haveskillintheever-changingworldofartificialintelligence.WithAImodelsgettingsmarterbytheday,knowinghowtocreateeffectivepromptsislikehavingasuperpower.WhatdoesanAIPromptEngineerdo?AIPromptEngineersaresortoflikeclever“translators”,butinsteadoflanguages,theyteachAIhowtoavoidputtingitsfootinitsmouth.Theyworklikemagicians,designing,adjusting,andimprovingcommandstomakesureourchatswithAIflowjustright.Actingasthebridgebetweenhumancreativityandartificialintelligence,theyguaranteethatAImodels,suchasOpenAI’sGPT,produceaccurate,relevant,andusefuloutputs.Armedwithauniquemixofcreativityandtechnicalknow-how,theseexpertsplayacrucialroleinbringingAIfromsciencefictiontoreality,makingsureitshinesineveryinteraction.HowdoAIPromptEngineersdifferfromAIModelDevelopers?JobAIPromptEngineerAIModelDeveloperMainFocusdesigningpromptsbuildingAIsystemsRequiredSkillspromptdesigncontextlearningthinkingoutsidetheboxdatacollectionmodelselectionthinkingbeyondboundariesJobOutcomeenhanceAI’sresponsescreateAImodelsWhatarethebenefits?·BigPaychecks:Youcanearnanywherefrom$175,000to$300,000—yourskillsandexperiencedecidehowmuch!·JobSecurity:AIisbooming,andskilledengineersareinhighdemand,soyourfutureissafeandsound.·EndlessOpportunities:It’slikelytouseyourpromptengineeringskillsinallsortsoffields,likehealthcare,movies,money,orevenschools!·FlexibleWorkOptions:Thisjobtypicallyoffersamixofofficeandremoteworksetups,givingyouthefreedomtoworkfromanywhere.1.WhatistheresponsibilityofanAIPromptEngineer?A.Instructingusers. B.TranslatingAIoutputs.C.Processingcommands. D.DevelopingAImodels.2.WhatisrequiredbybothAIPromptEngineersandAIModelDevelopers?A.Datacollection. B.Innovation.C.Modelselection. D.Communication.3.WhatisanadvantageofworkingasanAIPromptEngineeraccordingtothetext?A.Additionalincome. B.Rapidjobpromotion.C.Fixedworkplaces. D.Broadapplicationfields.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文简述了AI提示工程(PromptEngineering)正成为人工智能领域必备的技能，介绍了AI提示工程师的工作内容、与AI模型开发者的区别以及该职业的好处，包括高薪、工作保障、无限机遇和灵活的工作选择。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“AIPromptEngineersaresortoflikeclever‘translators’,butinsteadoflanguages,theyteachAIhowtoavoidputtingitsfootinitsmouth.Theyworklikemagicians,designing,adjusting,andimprovingcommandstomakesureourchatswithAIflowjustright.(AI提示工程师有点像聪明的“翻译者”，但他们不是翻译语言，而是教会AI如何避免说错话。他们像魔术师一样工作，设计、调整和改进指令，以确保我们与AI的聊天能够顺畅进行。)”可知，AI提示工程师的职责是处理指令，确保人类与AI的交互顺畅。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章表格中AIPromptEngineer部分中“RequiredSkills—thinkingoutsidethebox(必备技能——跳出思维定势)”以及AIModelDeveloper部分中“RequiredSkills—thinkingbeyondboundaries(必备技能——超越界限思考)”两者都需要具备跳出传统思维框架的能力，即创新能力。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“EndlessOpportunities:It’slikelytouseyourpromptengineeringskillsinallsortsoffields,likehealthcare,movies,money,orevenschools!(无限机遇：你很可能在各种领域中使用你的提示工程技能，比如医疗、电影、金融，甚至学校！)”可知，作为AI提示工程师的一个优势是应用领域广泛。故选D。BThissummer,Itriedaratherunconventionalmethodtoencouragemy12-year-olddaughtertoabsorbherselfintheworldofbooks—Iofferedher$100toreadone.Admittedly,itwasbornoutofsheerdesperation;neverhadIimaginedturningtobribery.However,theoutcomewasunexpectedlysatisfactory,andasaparentofaformerlyresistantreader,Ifoundthiswasn’tsobadafterall.Mydaughterisundoubtedlyintelligent,butpriortothisexperiment,shehadnevervoluntarilycompletedachapterofabookforherownenjoyment.Indeed,shefulfilledherreadingassignmentsforschool,yetherleisuretimewasrevolving(围绕)aroundherphone—socialmedia,videos,andgames.Books,toher,feltlikeathingofthepast.Recallingthejoyofreadingfrommyownchildhood,Iwaseagertopassthisloveforbooksontomydaughter.However,themoreIpushed,themoreshedugherheelsin.TheturningpointcamewhenIencounteredajaw-droppingstatistic:nearly30%of13-year-olds“neverorhardlyever”readforpleasure,whichstruckachordwithme.ThatwaswhenIoffered$100forhertoengagewithabook.Shehesitatedbutagreed.Tomyastonishment,sheselectedatitlethatwouldn’thavecrossedmymind,anddiligentlybeganturningthepages.Chapterbychapter,shegothooked.Itwasn’tthebookIwouldhavechosen,butitdidn’tmatter.Shewasonaroll.Whatfollowedwasevenmoresurprising.Thebribefaded,buthernewfoundinterestinreadingpersisted.Slowly,sheturnedintoabookwormgoingthroughpageswithendlesspassion.Mydesperatetrywasn’taperfectsolution,butitleftasparkofhabitandcuriosity.The$100nolongerseemedlikeanexpense;ittransformedintoaworthwhileinvestment.Reflectingonthisentireepisode,I’vegainedaninvaluablelesson.Sometimes,asaparent,youcan’talwaysexpectthemoststraightforwardorconventionalapproachtowork.WhileIhavemixedfeelingsaboutmymethod,Iamkindofproudoftheoutcome.Andthe$100?Sometimeswortheverypenny.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bribery”mostlikelymeaninthefirstparagraph?A.Pressingtofollow. B.Makingupfortheloss.C.Payingtopersuade. D.Givingupforthebenefit.5.Whatpushedtheauthortomakeadeterminedefforttochangeherdaughter?A.Learningdataonteen’sreadinghabits.B.Feelingstressedfromschoolassignments.C.Worryingoverherdaughter’sscreentime.D.Recallingherchildhoodreadingexperience.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebookthedaughterpicked?A.Itwascentredondiligence.B.Itwasnotmeantforstudents.C.Itwassuggestedbytheauthor.D.Itwasfascinatingtothedaughter.7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermethod?A.Conflictingbuteffective. B.Straightforwardbutpractical.C.Fruitlessbutworthwhile. D.Unconventionalbutscientific.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一位母亲为了鼓励12岁的女儿养成阅读的习惯，尝试了一种非常规的方法——给女儿100美元让她读一本书。起初这是出于绝望之举，没想到结果却出乎意料地令人满意。女儿不仅开始阅读，还渐渐爱上了阅读。【4题详析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Iofferedher$100toreadone.Admittedly,itwasbornoutofsheerdesperation;neverhadIimaginedturningtobribery.(我给她100美元让她读一本书。诚然，这是出于绝望；我从未想过要……。)”可知，作者给女儿100美元让她读书，这是一种出于绝望的尝试，而作者自己从未想过要用金钱的方式贿赂女儿来读书，由此推知划线词在此处意为“贿赂；为了说服而付钱”与C选项“Payingtopersuade.(花钱说服。)”为同义词。故选C。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“TheturningpointcamewhenIencounteredajaw-droppingstatistic:nearly30%of13-year-olds‘neverorhardlyever’readforpleasure,whichstruckachordwithme.(转折点出现在我遇到一个令人瞠目结舌的统计数字时：近30%的13岁孩子“从不或几乎从不”为了娱乐而阅读，这引起了我的共鸣。)”可知，作者了解到关于青少年阅读习惯的统计数据后，决定努力改变女儿。故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Tomyastonishment,sheselectedatitlethatwouldn’thavecrossedmymind,anddiligentlybeganturningthepages.Chapterbychapter,shegothooked.(令我惊讶的是，她选了一个我从未想过的书名，然后开始勤奋地翻页。一章又一章，她上瘾了。)”可知，女儿选的书让她自己很感兴趣。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Reflectingonthisentireepisode,I’vegainedaninvaluablelesson.Sometimes,asaparent,youcan’talwaysexpectthemoststraightforwardorconventionalapproachtowork.WhileIhavemixedfeelingsaboutmymethod,Iamkindofproudoftheoutcome.(反思整个事件，我得到了一个宝贵的教训。有时候，作为家长，你不能总是期待最直接或最传统的方法能奏效。虽然我对自己的方法持复杂情感，但我对结果感到有些自豪。)”可知，作者认为自己的方法虽然持复杂情感，但对结果作者感到有些自豪即虽然有些矛盾，但很有效。故选A。CAsawriterspecializinginpsychologyandhumancognition(认知),I’veexploredcountlesstrickstoboostbrainpower.Yet,fewhaveprovenassurprisinglyeffectiveastheancientpracticeofilleism.Politiciansoftenusethisdevicetosoundmoreobjective,asJuliusCaesardidinhisaccountoftheGallicWar,writing“Caesaravenged(为……报仇)thepublic”insteadof“Iavengedthepublic.”Simplyput,illeismistheactofreferringtooneselfinthethirdpersoninsteadofthefirstperson.Talkingaboutyourselfthiswaymightsoundoverlyformalorunusualtomodernears,butsciencesaysitworkswonders.Whentoughdecisionscomeknocking,speakinginthethirdpersoncanhelpyoustaycalm,cuttingthroughthosemessyemotionsthatoftencloudourjudgment.It’slikegivingyourbrainalittlespacetoseethebigpicture.ResearchbyIgorGrossmannattheUniversityofWaterlooshowsthatwe’renaturallybetteratbeing“wise”whendealingwithotherpeople’sproblemsthanourown.ThisisknownasSolomon’sParadox(悖论),whichexplainswhygivingyourbestfriendadviceisabreeze(微风),butsolvingyourownisadrama.Canilleismhelpsolvethisparadox?Grossmann’sresearchsuggestsitcan.Byshiftingtothethirdperson,westepbackfromournegativeemotionsandgainanotherperspective.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhotriedthisdisplayedmoremodesty—basically,theymadeclearerdecisionsandleveleduptheirwisdomgame.Onestudyevenfoundthatparticipantswhojournaledinthethirdpersonforamonthstartedseeingeverydaysituationsinawholenewlight.Theyalsoreportedfeelinglessstressedandmorepositive.I’vetrieditmyself,andhonestly,itworks!Whetherit’schallengingworkdecisions,familydilemmas,orhandlingfriendships,thislittlementalshifthashelpedmeseethingsmoreclearlyandactmorethoughtfully.Sure,itmightsoundalittleoddatfirst,butit’sincrediblyeffective.Ifyou’relookingforafun,easywaytoclearyourhead,whynotgiveitashot?Whoknows—youmightjustdiscoveryourinnerCaesar.8.WhyisJuliusCaesar’sexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?A.Torevealthesourceofilleism.B.Toprovetheeffectivenessofilleism.C.Toshowtheintelligenceofpoliticians.D.Toexplainthedevelopmentofalanguage.9.WhichofthefollowingsayingsbestreflectsSolomon’sParadox?A.Outofsight,outofmind.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Aproblemsharedisaproblemhalved.D.Youcan’treadthelabelfrominsidethejar.10.Howdoesilleismaiddecision-making?A.Peoplecanacceptothers’advicewithmodesty.B.Peoplecanadjustpersonalhabitstohandleissues.C.Peoplecanperfecttheirjudgmentbyincreasingwisdom.D.Peoplecangainafreshperspectivewithpositiveemotions.11.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Apsychologyblog. B.Ahistoricalbiography.C.Aself-helpguide. D.Ascientificjournal.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学和认知领域的专家通过研究发现，使用第三人称代替第一人称（即使用代词“他/她”代替“我”来指代自己）这一古老的修辞手法（illeism）可以让人在面临艰难抉择时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰，有助于更清楚地看待事情，做出更有智慧的选择，并能减轻压力和增加积极情绪。【8题详析】推理判断题。第一段中“Yet,fewhaveprovenassurprisinglyeffectiveastheancientpracticeofilleism.

(然而，很少有像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效。)”以及“Politiciansoftenusethisdevicetosoundmoreobjective,asJuliusCaesardidinhisaccountof

theGallicWar,writing“Caesaravenged

(为……报仇)thepublic”insteadof“Iavengedthepublic.”Simplyput,illeismistheactofreferringtooneselfinthethirdpersoninsteadofthefirstperson.(政治家们经常使用这种手法来使自己听起来更客观，就像朱利叶斯·凯撒在他的《高卢战记》中所做的那样，他写道“凯撒为公众复仇了”，而不是“我为公众复仇了”。简而言之，illeism就是用第三人称指代自己，而不是用第一人称。)”可知，第一段中提到JuliusCaesar的例子是为了证明像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效，即为了证明illeism的有效性。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ResearchbyIgorGrossmannattheUniversityofWaterlooshowsthatwe’renaturallybetteratbeing“wise”whendealingwithotherpeople’sproblemsthanourown.ThisisknownasSolomon’sParadox(悖论),whichexplainswhygivingyourbestfriendadviceisabreeze(微风),butsolvingyourownisadrama.(滑铁卢大学伊戈尔·格罗斯曼的研究表明，在处理别人的问题时，我们天生就比处理自己的问题时更“明智”。这被称为所罗门悖论，它解释了为什么给最好的朋友提建议轻而易举，但解决自己的问题却充满曲折。)”可知，所罗门悖论指的是人们在处理别人的问题时往往比处理自己的问题时更明智。选项D“Youcan’treadthelabelfrominsidethejar.(你往往难以看清自己的问题)”恰好反映了这一悖论，意味着人们往往难以看清自己的问题，就像无法从罐子内部看清标签一样。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Byshiftingtothethirdperson,westepbackfromournegativeemotionsandgainanotherperspective.(通过切换到第三人称，我们从负面情绪中抽身出来，获得了另一个视角)”以及“Studiesshowthatpeoplewhotriedthisdisplayedmoremodesty—basically,theymadeclearerdecisionsandleveleduptheirwisdomgame.(研究表明，尝试过这种方法的人表现得更谦虚——基本上，他们做出了更清晰的决定，提升了他们的智慧水平。)”可知，illeism（用第三人称指代自己）有助于决策，因为它使人们能够从负面情绪中抽离出来，从而获得一个新的视角来看待问题，由此做出更清晰的决定。因此，D选项“Peoplecangainafreshperspectivewithpositiveemotions.(人们可以用积极的情绪获得一个新的视角)”符合题意。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了illeism（用第三人称指代自己）这一做法在心理学和认知领域的应用和效果，说明其有助于人们在面临决策时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰。由此推断出这篇文章很可能来自一个心理学博客。故选A。DAccordingtoastudypublishedinNature,evenaftercuttingsignificantweight,yourfatcellsmightbehangingontothe“obesity(肥胖)memory”,whichcouldexplainwhykeepingtheweightoffcanfeellikeanuphillbattle.Theissueliesinchangestotheepigenome—asetofchemicaltagsonDNAandproteinsthatcontrolgeneactivity.Forfatcells,thesechangescannotonlydisturbnormalfunctionslikeenergystorageandhormone(荷尔蒙)regulation,butalsosendwrongsignalstothepartsofbrainthatregulatehungerandmetabolism(新陈代谢).Researchersrecentlyuncoveredthestubborntendencyinhumans.Whenanalyzingfattissue(组织)fromweight-lossindividualsandacontrolgroupwithnohistoryofobesity,theyfoundasurprisingpattern:Certaingenesweremuchmoreactiveintheweight-lossgroup.Asoneparticipantjoked,“It’slikemyfatcellsarewhispering,‘Hey,let’sstockupforwinter!’”Anotheradmitted,“Ican’tstopthinkingaboutfood—Idesirehigh-caloriesnacksallthetime!”Theseindividualsnotonlyexperienceheightenedhungerandanintenseappetite,butalsofaceametabolicrealitywheretheirbodiesaremorelikelytostorefoodasfatratherthanburnit.Asonefrustrateddieterhumorouslyremarked,“Itfeelslikemybodytreatseverymeallikeaonce-in-a-lifetimefeast!”Whilethesefindingsshedlightonthe“memory”ofobesity,scientistscautionthatthestudydoesnotprovethatepigeneticchangesdirectlycauseweightregain.HyunCheolRoh,ametabolismexpert,stressedthat“moreresearchisneededtopindowntheexactroleofthesechanges.”Forthosealreadyonaweight-lossjourney,stayingslimisn’tanimpossibledream—it’sachievable,thoughitdoestakeeffort.LauraHinte,abiologistattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,wantsyoutoknow:“Yourfatcellsmighthaveagreatmemory,butyoucanoutsmartthem.Long-termsuccesscomesfrombuildinghabitsthatstick—especiallyindietandexercise.”Evenso,themosteffectivewaytobeatobesityistostopitbeforeitstarts—addressingitbeforeitbecomesachallenge.12.Whatdoesthe“obesitymemory”mean?A.People’sweightiscontrolledbybrain.B.Peoplecan’tforgettheoverweightstate.C.Peoplecanneverchangetheoldhabitsrelatedtoobesity.D.Peoplehaveatendencytogobacktotheirpreviousweight.13.Whathasresearchersfoundintheweight-lossgroup?A.Theirgenesbecomemuchlessactive.B.Theytendtocherishfoodandtrynottowasteit.C.Theyhaveincreasedappetiteandslowermetabolism.D.Theirweightismorelikelytobouncebackinwinter.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphemphasizeaboutbeatingobesity?A.Instantrecovery. B.Earlyprevention.C.Challenginggoals. D.Effortlessmaintenance.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BodyshapeisdeterminedbygenesB.ThehiddensecretofepigeneticchangesC.Memoryoffatcells:ThereasonforeasyweightregainD.Fatcellsneverchange:Whylosingweightisimpossible【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了研究发现的“肥胖记忆”现象，即人们在减肥后，脂肪细胞可能仍保留着肥胖时的状态，导致体重容易反弹。这种现象与表观基因组的变化有关，这些变化会干扰脂肪细胞的正常功能，并向大脑发送错误的信号，影响饥饿感和新陈代谢的调节。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Accordingtoastudypublishedin

Nature,evenaftercuttingsignificantweight,yourfatcellsmightbehangingontothe“obesity(肥胖)memory”,whichcouldexplainwhykeepingtheweightoffcanfeellikeanuphillbattle.(根据《自然》杂志上发表的一项研究，即使在大幅减重之后，脂肪细胞可能仍然保留着“肥胖记忆”，这可以解释为什么保持体重减轻感觉像是一场艰苦的战斗)”可知，人们减掉体重后，脂肪细胞还会使人们有回到原来体重的趋势，所以“肥胖记忆”指的就是人们有回到原来体重的倾向。D选项“Peoplehaveatendencytogobacktotheirpreviousweight(人们有回到原来体重的倾向)”与原文描述相符。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Theseindividualsnotonlyexperienceheightenedhungerandanintenseappetite,butalsofaceametabolicrealitywheretheirbodiesaremorelikelytostorefoodasfatratherthanburnit(这些人不仅饥饿感增强，食欲旺盛，而且还面临着一种新陈代谢的现实，即他们的身体更倾向于将食物储存为脂肪，而不是将其燃烧掉)”可知，研究人员在减肥小组中发现，这些减肥者食欲增强，新陈代谢变慢。C选项“Theyhaveincreasedappetiteandslowermetabolism(他们食欲增强，新陈代谢变慢)”与原文描述相符。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Evenso,themosteffectivewaytobeatobesityistostopitbeforeitstarts—addressingitbeforeitbecomesachallenge(即便如此，战胜肥胖最有效的方法就是在它开始之前就阻止它——在它成为挑战之前就解决它)”可知，作者强调要预防肥胖，在它开始之前就阻止它。B选项“Earlyprevention(早期预防)”符合题意。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Accordingtoastudypublishedin

Nature,evenaftercuttingsignificantweight,yourfatcellsmightbehangingontothe“obesity(肥胖)memory”,whichcouldexplainwhykeepingtheweightoffcanfeellikeanuphillbattle.(根据《自然》杂志上发表的一项研究，即使在大幅减重之后，脂肪细胞可能仍然保留着“肥胖记忆”，这可以解释为什么保持体重减轻感觉像是一场艰苦的战斗)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了根据一项发表在《自然》杂志上的研究，即使减掉了很多体重，脂肪细胞也可能还保留着“肥胖记忆”，导致体重容易反弹，解释了为什么保持体重不反弹会感觉像是一场艰难的战斗。因此，文章的最佳标题应该是与脂肪细胞的“肥胖记忆”和体重反弹相关的。C选项“Memoryoffatcells:Thereasonforeasyweightregain(脂肪细胞的记忆：体重容易反弹的原因)”准确地概括了文章的主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。答案写在答题卡上。Goodposture(体态)isoftenmisunderstoodasforcingyourspine(脊柱)tostandatattentionlikeasoldier.____16____Ithasgotsomeprettycoolcurves—abackwardcurveinyourlowerback,aforwardcurveinyourupperback,andanotherbackwardcurveinyourneck.Maintainingthesenaturalcurvesisessentialforavoidingunnecessarystressonthemuscles.Sincepostureisnotaboutstayingstilllikeastatue,thebestpostureguidelinesencouragemovementwheneverpossibletohelpmaintaincomfortthroughouttheday.Getup,stretch,ormovearoundeverythirtytosixtyminutes.____17____Inasittingposition,goodposturemeansplantingyourfeetflatonthefloor,keepingyourkneesslightlymorethana90-degreeangle,andmakingsurethosenaturalspinecurvesstaynatural.____18____Additionally,yourshouldersshouldbeback,andyourheadshouldbealigned(对齐)withyourspine.Bonustip:usingasupportivechairorstandingdeskcanmakethiswholeposturegamealoteasier—especiallyifyou’resittingorstandingforhours.____19____Itoffersseveralphysicalbenefits,includingreducingtheriskofinjury,relievingmuscletension,improvingbalance,andincreasingenergy.Ithelpskeepyourbonesandmusclesintherightposition,preventingproblemslikecompressednerves,injuriesfromrepetitivemovements,andpainintheback,neck,andlimbs.____20____Studiesshowthatsittinguprightcanliftyourspirits,cutdownstress,andevenhelpyoufocusbetter.A.Itisamoodboostertoo.B.However,thisisnotthetruth.C.Properpostureresultsinlong-termwell-being.D.Standingproperlyisasimportantassittingcorrectly.E.Actually,yourspineisn’tsupposedtobepoker-straight.F.Whenstanding,distributeyourweightevenlyonbothfeet.G.It’slikegivingyourbodyaminirefreshbuttontokeepyourbloodflowing.【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.C20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了保持良好体态的重要性及其正确做法。【16题详析】上文提到“Goodpostureisoftenmisunderstoodasforcingyourspinetostandatattentionlikeasoldier.(良好的体态经常被误解为像士兵一样让脊柱挺直站立)”，而下文“Ithasgotsomeprettycoolcurves—abackwardcurveinyourlowerback,aforwardcurveinyourupperback,andanotherbackwardcurveinyourneck.

(它有一些很酷的曲线——你的下背部向后弯曲，你的上背部向前弯曲，还有你的脖子向后弯曲。)”则描述了脊柱实际上具有一些自然的曲线。因此，这里需要一个转折句来连接上下文，指出上述理解并非事实。E选项“Actually,yourspineisn’tsupposedtobepoker-straight.(实际上，你的脊柱不应该像扑克牌一样笔直)”正好起到了这个转折的作用，说明了脊柱并非需要完全挺直，而是有其自然的曲线，符合题意。故选E。【17题详析】上文提到“Sincepostureisnotaboutstayingstilllikeastatue,thebestpostureguidelinesencouragemovementwheneverpossibletohelpmaintaincomfortthroughouttheday.(由于体态并非像雕像一样静止不动，因此最佳的体态指南鼓励尽可能多地活动身体，以帮助整天保持舒适)”和“Getup,stretch,ormovearoundeverythirtytosixtyminutes.(每三十到六十分钟起身、伸展或四处走动)”，这里强调了活动身体的重要性。G选项“It’slikegivingyourbodyaminirefreshbuttontokeepyourbloodflowing.(这就像给你的身体按下一个小型刷新按钮，让血液保持流动)”用了一个生动的比喻，进一步解释了定期活动身体的好处，即可以促进血液循环，与上文内容紧密相连。故选G。【18题详析】上文“Inasittingposition,goodposturemeansplantingyourfeetflatonthefloor,keepingyourkneesslightlymorethana90-degreeangle,andmakingsurethosenaturalspinecurvesstaynatural.

(在坐姿中，良好的姿势意味着双脚平放在地板上，膝盖保持90度以上的角度，并确保那些自然的脊柱曲线保持自然)”提到在坐姿中保持良好体态的具体做法，包括双脚平放在地板上、膝盖保持略大于90度的角度等，以确保脊柱的自然曲线得到保持。F选项“Whenstanding,distributeyourweightevenlyonbothfeet.(站立时，将体重均匀分布在双脚上)”则转向了站立时的体态要求，与上文的坐姿要求形成对应，同时作为对坐姿要求的一个补充，说明了无论是坐还是站，都需要保持正确的体态。此外，下文提到的“yourshouldersshouldbeback,andyourheadshouldbealignedwithyourspine(你的肩膀应该向后，你的头应该与你的脊柱对齐)”也是站立时体态的一部分，进一步印证了F选项的正确性。故选F。【19题详析】下文提到“Itoffersseveralphysicalbenefits,includingreducingtheriskofinjury,relievingmuscletension,improvingbalance,andincreasingenergy.(它提供了多种身体益处，包括降低受伤风险、缓解肌肉紧张、改善平衡和增加能量)”，这里列举了保持良好体态所带来的身体方面的好处。C选项“Properpostureresultsinlong-termwell-being.(正确的体态带来长期的健康)”作为本段的主旨句，概括了保持良好体态对长期健康的重要性。故选C。【20题详析】上文“Ithelpskeepyourbonesandmusclesintherightposition,preventingproblemslikecompressednerves,injuriesfromrepetitivemovements,andpainintheback,neck,andlimbs.(它有助于保持你的骨骼和肌肉在正确的位置，防止神经受压、重复运动造成的损伤、背部、颈部和四肢疼痛等问题)”提到保持正确体态可以帮助骨骼和肌肉保持在正确位置，预防一系列身体问题。A选项“Itisamoodboostertoo.(它还能提升情绪)”则作为对上文内容的补充，指出了保持良好体态除了对身体有益外，还能对情绪产生积极影响。下文“Studiesshowthatsittinguprightcanliftyourspirits,cutdownstress,andevenhelpyoufocusbetter.(研究表明，坐直可以提升你的情绪，减少压力，甚至帮助你更好地集中注意力)”进一步支持了A选项的观点，说明了正确体态对情绪的具体益处。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mysix-year-oldsonsitsoppositemeatthechessboard.Hissmallhandgraspsaplasticpieceashe____21____considershisnextmove,sparingnoglanceatthecartoonsonTV.Ismile,amusedbytheconcentrationofayoung“chessmaster”.Sincehewasfour,playingchesshasbeena____22____tradition,adelightfulrelaxationofthepiecesclickingtomakeasoftrhythm.Thetelevisionisalwayson,butwiththebattleprogressing,its____23____amountstonothing.Imovemy“queen”piece,watchingcloselyashedropshispiecetotheboardwitha____24____motion.Feelingsecretlypleasedinside,Idropapiecethat____25____thevictory.“Noway!”Heburstsintoacryof____26____,beggingmetosharestrategiesafterthegame.WheneverIengageinaboardgamewithmyson,afirmdesireto____27____arises.Whenhemakesabadmove,Idon’tshow____28____.Afraidofmistakes?Gopractisingmore.Failures,afterall,____29____toughness,whiledelicateflowersonlyfadeinthefaceofdefeat.Iamteachinghimavaluablelesson:Chancedoesn’tdeterminesuccess,but_____30_____does.Actually,theonlythingthatoutweighsmyurgetowinistoseemychild_____31_____withbothabilityandspirits.Myinsistenceworks-eachseriouscompetition_____32_____withafriendly“goodgame,”aswellasaneagerrequestforanother_____33_____.Thesedays,itisusuallymysonthat_____34_____theoutcomeofthegames.“Gotyou,Daddy!”Heexclaims,droppinghispieceashecornersmy“king”.“Canweplayagain?”Thoughthegametime_____35_____,myanswerisalways“Yes”,-tomorrow,orthenextday.21.A.regularly B.slightly C.attentively D.casually22.A.period B.project C.community D.family23.A.distraction B.surprise C.balance D.addition24.A.constant B.decisive C.awkward D.creative25.A.secures B.judges C.misses D.disturbs26.A.excitement B.curiosity C.honour D.frustration27.A.defend B.lose C.win D.support28.A.mercy B.love C.anxiety D.confidence29.A.referto B.dependon C.contributeto D.resultfrom30.A.effort B.focus C.relief D.luck31.A.fail B.cheer C.meet D.grow32.A.begins B.concludes C.combines D.continues33.A.score B.session C.race D.round34.A.regrets B.celebrates C.collects D.accepts35.A.carrieson B.staysup C.runsout D.turnsover【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.A26.D27.C28.A29.C30.A31.D32.B33.D34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文简单讲述了我和儿子下棋的故事。自儿子四岁起，我们就形成了下棋的传统，而我总是在下棋时暗中让步，教育他机会不决定成功，毅力才会。在下棋过程中，我最希望看到的是孩子能力提升、精神振奋，而他也在不断进步，常能赢我，并央求再来一局。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的小手抓着一个塑料棋子，专心地考虑着下一步怎么走，连电视上的动画片都没看一眼。A.regularly定期地；B.slightly轻微地；C.attentively专心地；D.casually随意地。根据后文“considershisnextmove”及“amusedbytheconcentrationofayoung‘chessmaster’”可知，儿子在专心考虑下一步棋怎么走。故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从他四岁起，下棋就成了我们家的一个传统，棋子轻轻碰撞发出柔和的节奏，令人愉快地放松。A.period时期；B.project项目；C.community社区；D.family家庭。根据前文“Sincehewasfour,”可知，自从儿子四岁起，下棋成了作者家的一个传统。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：电视总是开着，但随着棋局的进行，电视的分心作用就没了。A.distraction分心的事物；B.surprise惊讶；C.balance平衡；D.addition增加。根据后文“amountstonothing”可知，此处指下棋的时候，电视对于作者父子俩来说起不了分心的作用了。故选A项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我移动了我的“皇后”棋子，仔细观察着他果断地将棋子落在棋盘上。A.constant不变的；B.decisive果断的；C.awkward尴尬的；D.creative创造性的。根据后文“hedropshispiecetotheboard”可知，此处指儿子下棋果断。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里暗自高兴，放了一个能确保胜利的棋子。A.secures获得，确保；B.judges判断；C.misses错过；D.disturbs打扰。根据后文“Feelingsecretlypleasedinside”可知，此处指作者为了确保能够赢过儿子，放了一个能够确保胜利的棋子。故选A项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“不可能！”他沮丧地大叫起来，央求我在比赛后分享策略。A.excitement兴奋；B.curiosity好奇；C.honour荣誉；D.frustration沮丧。根据前文“Idropapiecethat________thevictory.”可知，作者为了确保能够赢过儿子，放了一个能够确保胜利的棋子。结果儿子看到父亲放的棋子后，意识到自己可能会输，因此感到沮丧。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我和儿子玩棋盘游戏时，我就强烈地想赢。A.defend防御；B.lose失去；C.win赢得；D.support支持。根据后文“theonlythingthatoutweighsmyurgetowin”可知，此处指每当作者和儿子下棋时，都想赢。故选C项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他走错一步时，我一点也不同情他。A.mercy同情；B.love爱；C.anxiety焦虑；D.confidence信心。根据后文“Afraidofmistakes?Gopractisingmore”可知，此处指作者对于儿子下棋走错一步这件事，一点都不同情他。故选A项。【29题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：毕竟，失败造就坚韧，而娇嫩的花朵只会在失败面前凋谢。A.referto提到；B.dependon依靠；C.contributeto有助于；D.resultfrom由于。根据后文“toughness”及“delicateflowersonlyfadeinthefaceofdefeat”可知，此处指失败能造就坚韧。故选C项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正在给他上一堂宝贵的课：机会不能决定成功，但努力可以。A.effort努力；B.focus焦点；C.relief宽慰；D.luck运气。根据上文“Afraidofmistakes?Gopractisingmore.”及“Iamteachinghimavaluablelesson”可知，作者认为，害怕犯错就多练习，作者给儿子上的宝贵一课即机会不能决定成功，但反复练习可以避免犯错，造就成功。故选A项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，唯一比我对胜利的渴望更重要的是看到我的孩子在能力和精神上成长。A.fail失败；B.cheer欢呼；C.meet遇见；D.grow成长。根据后文“withbothabilityandspirits”可知，此处指作者下棋时最希望看到的是儿子在能力和精神上成长。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的坚持起作用了——每次严肃的比赛都以友好的“打得好”结束，以及再来一轮的迫切要求。A.begins开始；B.concludes结束；C.combines结合；D.continues继续。根据后文“withafriendly‘goodgame’”可知，此处指每次严肃的比赛都以友好的“打得好”结束。故选B项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.score得分；B.session一段时间；C.race赛跑；D.round轮次。根据上文“aswellasaneagerrequestforanother”可知，每次严肃的