甘肃省平凉市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1甘肃省平凉市部分学校2024-2025学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACafeGivesFreeCoffeetoThoseThatComeinDancingWhatwouldyoudoforafreecoffee?InMiddleboro,Massachusetts,ashopcalledCoffeeMilanoofferscustomersaverysimplewaytoearnacupofjoeonthehouseifyoudanceforfivesecondsonyourwayin,yougetafreecoffee.CafeownerJoshRashidcreditsadifferenttypeofbusinessfortheidea.“Wesawapizzashopdoit.AndI’mlike,‘Let’sdothatforcoffee,”’hesaid.“Whoevershowsupanddancesgetsafreecoffee.”Theideahassincebecomeasmashhitwithcustomers;however,itisn’taneverydaydeal.Theownerplanstodoitonlyonceamonth.These“danceparties,”asRashidcallsthem,arenotadvertisedthatfarinadvance.Eventhosewhoareperhapstooshytobustamovebutarearoundtocatchtheotherdancingcustomersaregettinganextradoseofjoyintheirday.“Icomehereeverydayforcoffeeinthemorningandlunchintheafternoon.Weneedalittlemoresoftnessinthisworldforsure,”sayscustomerJohnMurrayn.1.ThecafeownerJoshRashidgottheideaofgivingfreecoffeefrom________.A.hisowncreativity B.apizzashopC.hiscustomer D.adancingparty2.Howoftendoesthecafeofferthe“dance-for-coffee”?A.Everyday B.OnceaweekC.Onceamonth D.Twiceamonth3.WhatdoesJohnMurraynthinkaboutthe“dance-for-coffee”deal?A.It’stoosillytodo. B.Itmakestheworldtoosoft.C.Itbringsextrajoy. D.It’sonlyforyoungpeople.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了位于马萨诸塞州米德尔伯勒的CoffeeMilano咖啡馆通过让顾客跳舞来免费提供咖啡的创意活动。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“CafeownerJoshRashidcreditsadifferenttypeofbusinessfortheidea.“Wesawapizzashopdoit.AndI’mlike,‘Let’sdothatforcoffee,”’hesaid.(咖啡馆老板乔希·拉希德（JoshRashid）将这一想法归功于一种不同的业务类型。“我们看到一家披萨店这么做。他说：“我说，‘我们这样也能获得一杯免费的咖啡。’”)”可知，咖啡馆老板JoshRashid是从一家披萨店得到了提供免费咖啡这个主意的。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theideahassincebecomeasmashhitwithcustomers;however,itisn’taneverydaydeal.Theownerplanstodoitonlyonceamonth.(从那以后，这个想法就受到了顾客的欢迎；然而，这并不是每天都会发生的事情。老板计划每月只做一次。)”可知，这个“跳舞换咖啡”的活动老板计划每月只举办一次。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Icomehereeverydayforcoffeeinthemorningandlunchintheafternoon.Weneedalittlemoresoftnessinthisworldforsure,”sayscustomerJohnMurrayn.(“我每天早上来这里喝咖啡，下午来吃午饭。在这个世界上，我们当然需要更多的温柔，”顾客JohnMurrayn说。)”以及前文提到即使害羞不跳舞的人看到别人跳舞也能获得额外的快乐，可推知JohnMurrayn认为这个“跳舞换咖啡”的活动能带来额外的快乐。故选C项。BIkeepatwo-dollarbillinmywalletthatwasgiventomebymymotherwhenIwassixyearsold.ThebillgoeswithmewhereverIgo.Mymothergaveittomesothatluckwouldfollowmeeverywhere.Althoughshepassedaway,Iknewshewouldbewatchingovermetherestofmylife.WhenIappliedformyfirstjob,Iwasthirtyyearsoldandveryshy.ThethoughtofbeinginterviewedforajobwasscarybutIhadtowork.Onmyfirstinterview,asIsatinthewaitingroom,Inoticedtherewerefivewomenaheadofme.Allofthewomenwereyoungerandverywell-dressed.IknewIwasupagainstwomenbetterqualifiedbylookingatthelengthoftheirresumes.MsJohnson,theofficemanager,summonedmeintoheroffice.“Whatmakesyoufeelyouarequalifiedforthisjob?”sheasked.“IreallyneedthisjobandthereisnothingIcannotdo,”Iresponded.Sheaskedmeaseriesofquestionsandtheinterviewwasover.AsIexitedheroffice,Iturnedaroundandsaid,“MsJohnson,IknowthatIamnotqualifiedlikeyourotherapplicants,butpleasegivemeachance.Ilearnquicklyandcanbeaveryproductivememberofyourteam.”Ithankedherandwenthomeexhausted.Ohwell,Ithought,tomorrowwouldbeanotherday.ThateveningasIwasgettingreadyforbed,IreceivedaphonecallfromMsJohnson.“Sara,”shesaid,“youwerenotthemostqualifiedapplicant,butyouhavesomuchconfidenceinyourselfthatwedecidedtogiveyouachancetoproveyourself.”Iscreamedloud,jumpingallovertheroomindisbelief.IcouldhearMsJohnsonlaughingontheotherendoftheline.Igotmywalletandtookoutmytwo-dollarbill.“Thanksmom,Iamgoingtomakeit,”Isaidoutloudsomymothercouldhearme.Atthatinstant,Irememberedthetimeshepulledmeintothelivingroomandsaid,“Youarebrilliantinmymind,andifyoufailoncedon’tgiveup.Don’tfearfailure.Itisawayofgettingustotryharder.Youwillsucceed,Ipromise.”4.Theauthordecidedtokeepthetwo-dollarbillinherwalletbecause________.A.itwasavaluableantiqueB.itwasgivenbyherbestfriendC.hermothertoldhertodosoD.itwasareminderofhermother’sloveandencouragement5.Whatmadetheauthorthinkshewaslessqualifiedthanotherapplicants?A.Shewasolder. B.Shewasshy.C.Shewaspoor. D.Shehadlessworkexperience.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“summoned”probablymean?A.ordered B.forced C.called D.pushed7.Basedonthetext,whatcanweinferaboutMs.Johnson’sattitudetowardstheauthor?A.Shewasstrictandcritical. B.Shewasindifferentandcold.C.Shewasencouragingandsupportive. D.Shewasimpatientandrude.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者钱包里一直放着母亲在她六岁时给的两美元钞票，这代表着母亲的爱与守护。三十岁时作者去面试第一份工作，面对更年轻、条件更好的应聘者，她虽自觉资格不足，但仍表达了强烈渴望与自信。最终因自信获录用，她拿出钞票感谢母亲，也想起母亲曾给予的鼓励话语。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ikeepatwo-dollarbillinmywalletthatwasgiventomebymymotherwhenIwassixyearsold.ThebillgoeswithmewhereverIgo.Mymothergaveittomesothatluckwouldfollowmeeverywhere.Althoughshepassedaway,Iknewshewouldbewatchingovermetherestofmylife.(我的钱包里有一张两美元的钞票，那是我六岁时妈妈给我的。无论我走到哪里，账单都跟着我。我妈妈给我的，这样好运就会跟着我。虽然她去世了，但我知道她将在我的余生中守护着我)”可知，这张两美元的钞票是母亲给作者的，作者一直带在身边，因为它是母亲对她的爱和鼓励的一种提醒，即使母亲去世了，也感觉母亲在守护着她。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“WhenIappliedformyfirstjob,Iwasthirtyyearsoldandveryshy.ThethoughtofbeinginterviewedforajobwasscarybutIhadtowork.Onmyfirstinterview,asIsatinthewaitingroom,Inoticedtherewerefivewomenaheadofme.Allofthewomenwereyoungerandverywell-dressed.(当我申请第一份工作时，我30岁，非常害羞。一想到要面试一份工作就很可怕，但我必须工作。第一次面试时，我坐在候诊室里，注意到前面有五个女人。所有的女人都很年轻，穿着考究)”可知，作者认为她不如其他申请者合格是因为她觉得自己年纪大了。故选A项。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据前文作者在等待面试，以及划线单词句中“MsJohnson,theofficemanager,…meintoheroffice.(办公室经理约翰逊女士把我……她的办公室)”可知，办公室经理约翰逊女士把作者叫进了她的办公室，“summoned”在这里意思是“叫，召唤”，与C选项“called(叫，喊)”意思相近。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第五段““Sara,”shesaid,“youwerenotthemostqualifiedapplicant,butyouhavesomuchconfidenceinyourselfthatwedecidedtogiveyouachancetoproveyourself.”(“萨拉，”她说，“你不是最合格的应聘者，但你对自己很有信心，所以我们决定给你一个证明自己的机会。”)”可知，约翰逊女士虽然知道作者不是最有资格的应聘者，但因为作者的自信决定给她一个机会证明自己，这表明约翰逊女士对作者是鼓励和支持的态度。故选C项。CGeothermalenergyusesheatfromundergroundreservoirsofhotwatertoproduceelectricity.Environmentalexpertsseegeothermalasagoodsourceofcleanenergybecauseitcanprovidepower24hoursaday.Geothermalpowerplantsalsorequirelittlemaintenanceandcanlastformanyyears.MaritBrommerisheadoftheInternationalGeothermalAssociationbasedinGermany.ShetoldTheAssociatedPress,“We’reessentiallystandingonourownsun,whichwecangetclean,reliableenergyfrom.InSoutheastAsia,geothermalenergyproductionisexpectedtoincreasetentimesgreaterfrom2020to2050,reaching276millionmegawatt-hours,theInternationalEnergyAgencysays.AftertheU.S.,IndonesiaandthePhilippinesarethesecondandthird-largestusersofgeothermalenergyintheworld.Bothcountriesplantoexpandtheirproductionofgeothermalenergy.However,developingnewgeothermalprojectsiscostlyandsometimesriskyforcompanieswhentheytestanddrilltolookforreservoirs.Thatmakesithardtogetmoneyfordevelopment,saidShigeruYamamura,anenergyspecialistattheAsiaDevelopmentBank.TheIndonesianMinistryofEnergyandMineralResourcessaysitisworkingtoshortenthewaittimetogetpermitsfornewgeothermalprojectsandalsoconsideringwaystoincreasetheamountofmoneycompaniescouldmakefromtheprojects.TheWorldBankisprovidinga$150millionloantoincreaseIndonesianinvestmentsingeothermalenergy.AndtheGreenClimateFundandtheCleanTechnologyFundareproviding$127.5million.Still,communitypushbackcanslowdevelopmentevenwhenthereisenoughmoney.InIndonesia,villagershaveprotestedgeothermalprojects.Theysaytheprojectsarenotsafeandcanharmtheenvironment.SeveralgeothermalprojectsinIndonesiahavehaddeadlygasleaksinthepastfiveyears.InthePhilippines,protestshaveledatleastonecompanytopaymoneytoIndigenousgroupsfortheuseoftheirlands.Brommerthinksgovernmentsandbusinessesshouldworkwithnearbycommunities.“Weneedtoshowthatthisdevelopmentbenefitsallpeople,notjustacompany,”shesaid.“It’snotaboutbeingagoodneighbor;it’saboutbeingthebestneighborandreallyworkingwithcommunitiestorespecttheirconcerns.”8.Whatdoweknowaboutgeothermalenergyfromthefirstfourparagraphs?A.Geothermalenergyusesheatfromthesuntoproduceelectricity.B.Geothermalpowerplantsdon’tneedrepairingandcanlastformanyyears.C.Peoplecangetclean,reliableGeothermalenergyfromthesun.D.IndonesiaisthelargestuserofgeothermalenergyinSoutheastAsia.9.Whichofthefollowingisnotapossibledifficultyindevelopingnewgeothermalprojects?A.Itisexpensive.B.Itisdangerous.C.Itisnotsupportedbythelocalgovernment.D.Itisopposedbynearbycommunities.10.AccordingtoBrommer,whatisimportantingeothermaldevelopment?A.TheknowledgeofhowtobethebestneighbourB.TheneedtoshowpeoplethebenefitsfromgeothermaldevelopmentC.Thecooperationamonggovernments,companiesandlocalcommunitiesD.Thesupportfromlocalcommunities11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.GeothermalDevelopmentFacesBarriersinsomeSoutheastAsiancountriesB.IndonesiaandthePhilippinesPlantoExpandTheirProductionofGeothermalEnergyC.GeothermalEnergy-theClean,ReliableEnergyfromOurOwnSunD.GeothermalEnergy-theEnvironmentallyFriendlyEnergyUsedinSoutheastAsia【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地热能利用地下热水储层的热量发电，被视为清洁能源，24小时供电且维护少、寿命长。东南亚地热能产量预期大增，印尼和菲律宾是主要使用国并计划扩产。但开发新地热项目成本高、有风险，筹资困难。虽有资金支持，社区抵制仍阻碍发展，如印尼和菲律宾的情况。专家认为政府和企业应与社区合作，让发展惠及所有人。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“AftertheU.S.,IndonesiaandthePhilippinesarethesecondandthird-largestusersofgeothermalenergyintheworld.Bothcountriesplantoexpandtheirproductionofgeothermalenergy.(继美国之后，印度尼西亚和菲律宾是世界上地热能源的第二和第三大用户。两国都计划扩大地热能的生产。)”以及第三段“InSoutheastAsia,geothermalenergyproductionisexpectedtoincreasetentimesgreaterfrom2020to2050,reaching276millionmegawatt-hours,theInternationalEnergyAgencysays.(国际能源机构表示，从2020年到2050年，东南亚的地热能产量预计将增加10倍，达到2.76亿兆瓦时。)”可知，美国之后，印度尼西亚和菲律宾是世界上第二和第三大地热能用户，且在东南亚地区，印度尼西亚是该地区使用地热能最大的国家。故选D项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“However,developingnewgeothermalprojectsiscostlyandsometimesriskyforcompanieswhentheytestanddrilltolookforreservoirs.(然而，开发新的地热项目成本高昂，对公司来说，在进行测试和钻探以寻找储层时，有时还存在风险。)”可知，开发新的地热项目成本高且有风险，A、B选项是困难；根据第七段中“Still,communitypushbackcanslowdevelopmentevenwhenthereisenoughmoney.(然而，即使有足够的资金，社区的阻力也会减慢开发速度。)”可知，社区的反对也会阻碍地热能的开发，D选项是困难；根据第六段“TheIndonesianMinistryofEnergyandMineralResourcessaysitisworkingtoshortenthewaittimetogetpermitsfornewgeothermalprojectsandalsoconsideringwaystoincreasetheamountofmoneycompaniescouldmakefromtheprojects.TheWorldBankisprovidinga$150millionloantoincreaseIndonesianinvestmentsingeothermalenergy.AndtheGreenClimateFundandtheCleanTechnologyFundareproviding$127.5million.(印尼能源和矿产资源部说，他们正在努力缩短获得新地热项目许可的等待时间，同时也在考虑如何增加公司从这些项目中获得的利润。世界银行将提供1.5亿美元贷款，以增加印尼在地热能方面的投资。绿色气候基金和清洁技术基金将提供1.275亿美元。)”可知，当地政府是支持地热能开发的，C选项不是困难。故选C项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Brommerthinksgovernmentsandbusinessesshouldworkwithnearbycommunities.“Weneedtoshowthatthisdevelopmentbenefitsallpeople,notjustacompany,”shesaid.“It’snotaboutbeingagoodneighbor;it’saboutbeingthebestneighborandreallyworkingwithcommunitiestorespecttheirconcerns.”(布罗默认为，政府和企业应该与附近社区合作。她说：“我们需要证明，这种发展惠及所有人，而不仅仅是一家公司。”“这不是做一个好邻居的问题；这是关于成为最好的邻居，真正与社区合作，尊重他们的关切。”)”可知，布罗默认为政府、企业和附近社区之间的合作很重要，要让这种发展惠及所有人，尊重社区的担忧。故选C项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Geothermalenergyusesheatfromundergroundreservoirsofhotwatertoproduceelectricity.Environmentalexpertsseegeothermalasagoodsourceofcleanenergybecauseitcanprovidepower24hoursaday.Geothermalpowerplantsalsorequirelittlemaintenanceandcanlastformanyyears.(地热能利用地下热水储层的热量来发电。环境专家认为地热是一种很好的清洁能源，因为它可以24小时供电。地热发电厂也几乎不需要维护，而且可以持续使用很多年。)”可知，文章首先介绍了地热能的优点，接着以东南亚国家（主要是印度尼西亚和菲律宾）为例，讲述了地热能开发面临的成本高、有风险以及社区反对等障碍，A选项“地热能开发在一些东南亚国家面临障碍。”能全面概括文章内容，适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。DTheeducationalresourcesavailabletostudentsathomeplayacrucialroleinshapingbothlearningandwell-being.Overthelastdecade,theseresourceshavechangedsubstantiallyduetoshiftsineducationandsociety.Readingisvitalforlearning,butstudentsnowhaveaccesstofewerbooksathome,accordingtoPISAdata.Thenumberofbooksavailableinthehomesof15-year-oldstudentsdecreasedbetween2015and2022onaverageacross59countriesandeconomieswithcomparabledata,accordingtostudents’answerstoPISAquestionnaires.Despitethisdecline,bookscontinuetobeavailableinmoststudents’homes.In2022,some30%ofstudentsreportedhavingmorethan100books,onaverage,withasimilarproportionreportedhavingbetween26and100books.Dictionariessawthemostsignificantdecline.In2015,92%ofstudentsreportedhavingadictionaryathome,butby2022thisdroppedto80%,withthesteepestdeclinesinBrazil,theDominicanRepublicandJordan.Nocountryhadanincreaseindictionariesathome,buttherewasnosignificantchangeinGeorgia.Incontrast,theavailabilityofclassicliterature(forexample,Shakespeareorrelevantclassicalauthorsinthecountry’slanguage)athomeincreasedfrom52%in2015to63%in2022,withthelargestgainsinDenmark,Ireland,Lithuania,Switzerland,andTürkiye.OnlyIndonesiaandPerusawadecreaseinclassicliteratureathome.Theavailabilityofeducationalsoftware,bycontrast,hasincreasedrapidly.Theproportionoffamiliesequippedwitheducationalsoftwareincreasedfrom53%in2015to74%in2022.Internetaccessandcomputersforschoolworkhaveremainedwidelyavailableoverthepastdecade.Whilethereispotentialfordigitaltechnologiestoenhanceeducation,thislargelyremainsuntapped,andtherisksforadolescents’well-beingareclearertoday.Educationpolicyshouldexplorewaystosupportfamiliesandstudentstonavigatethesecomplexchangesinthefamilylearningenvironment,balancingtraditionalanddigitalresourceseffectively.12.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthisarticle?A.Toillustratehoweducationalresourcesshapestudents’learningandwell-being.B.Toreporthoweducationalresourceshavechangedatstudents’homeinthelastdecadeC.Toshowhowdigitaltechnologiesaffectstudents’learningenvironment.D.Toanalyzehowstudentsgainaccesstoeducationalresourcesathome13.Accordingtothetext,inwhichcountrydictionariesathomesawthesharpestdecrease?A.Jordan B.GeorgiaC.Denmark D.Indonesia14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheinfluencedigitaltechnologieshaveontraditionaleducationalresources?A.uninterested. B.objective.C.unconcerned. D.subjective.15.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Abiologytextbook B.AneducationjournalC.Abookreview D.Atravelguidebook【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了家庭中可获取的教育资源对学生的学习和幸福感至关重要。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Theeducationalresourcesavailabletostudentsathomeplayacrucialroleinshapingbothlearningandwell-being.Overthelastdecade,theseresourceshavechangedsubstantiallyduetoshiftsineducationandsociety.Readingisvitalforlearning,butstudentsnowhaveaccesstofewerbooksathome,accordingtoPISAdata.(学生在家获得的教育资源在塑造学习和幸福方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在过去的十年里，由于教育和社会的变化，这些资源发生了很大的变化。阅读对学习至关重要，但根据PISA的数据，学生们现在在家能接触到的书越来越少了。)”可知，文章开篇指出家庭中的教育资源对学生的学习和幸福有重要作用，且在过去十年发生了很大变化，接着从书籍、字典、经典文学作品、教育软件等方面具体阐述了这些变化，最后提到教育政策应探索方法应对家庭学习环境的这些复杂变化。所以文章的写作目的是报告过去十年学生家中的教育资源是如何变化的。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dictionariessawthemostsignificantdecline.In2015,92%ofstudentsreportedhavingadictionaryathome,butby2022thisdroppedto80%,withthesteepestdeclinesinBrazil,theDominicanRepublicandJordan.(词典的下降最为显著。2015年，92%的学生表示家里有一本词典，但到2022年，这一比例降至80%，其中巴西、多米尼加共和国和约旦的降幅最大。)”可知，在家中有字典的学生比例下降显著，其中巴西、多米尼加共和国和约旦下降幅度最大，所以在家中字典数量下降最急剧的国家中包含约旦。故选A项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theavailabilityofeducationalsoftware,bycontrast,hasincreasedrapidly.Theproportionoffamiliesequippedwitheducationalsoftwareincreasedfrom53%in2015to74%in2022.Internetaccessandcomputersforschoolworkhaveremainedwidelyavailableoverthepastdecade.Whilethereispotentialfordigitaltechnologiestoenhanceeducation,thislargelyremainsuntapped,andtherisksforadolescents’well-beingareclearertoday.Educationpolicyshouldexplorewaystosupportfamiliesandstudentstonavigatethesecomplexchangesinthefamilylearningenvironment,balancingtraditionalanddigitalresourceseffectively.(相比之下，教育软件的可用性迅速增加。配备教育软件的家庭比例从2015年的53%上升到2022年的74%。在过去的十年里，互联网接入和用于学习的电脑仍然广泛使用。虽然数字技术有潜力加强教育，但这在很大程度上仍未得到开发，青少年福祉面临的风险今天更加明显。教育政策应探索支持家庭和学生在家庭学习环境中应对这些复杂变化的方法，有效地平衡传统资源和数字资源。)”可知，作者既提到了教育软件等数字技术的可获得性快速增加，也指出数字技术提升教育的潜力大多未被开发，且对青少年幸福存在明显风险，还提出要平衡传统和数字资源。作者客观地阐述了数字技术对传统教育资源的影响，不带有主观的喜好或厌恶，是客观的态度。故选B项。【15题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕学生家中教育资源在过去十年的变化情况进行阐述，涉及教育资源、教育政策等与教育相关的内容。A选项“生物教科书”，文章内容与生物无关；C选项“书评”，文章不是对某本书的评论；D选项“旅游指南”，文章与旅游无关。而B选项“教育期刊”符合文章的主题和内容，所以文章可能来自教育期刊。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Summarize”istheverbformoftheword“summary.”Asummarybrieflyexplainsthemainideasofapieceofwritingoraspeechbutdoesnotincludeallthedetails.___16___Beingabletosummarizeisausefulskilltohave,notonlyforpassingexamsbutalsoforworkinginprofessions.___17___Youcanusethefollowingmethodtodothis:First,readorlistentothematerialonetimewithoutwritinganynotes.___18___Next,readorlistenagain.Butthistime,writenotesandbesuretoidentifythemainideasalongwithsomedetails.Youcanmarkmainideasbyputtingastarnexttothem,underliningthem,orusingacoloredpentomarkthem.___19___Afterthat,decidewhichdetailsarenecessarytoincludesothatthemainideasareclear.Remember,inasummary,youcannotincludeeverydetail.Thisissometimesdifficulttodoatfirstandrequirescarefulthought.Youcanalsotrythefollowingmethodtoprepareasummary:___20___Inthosesituations,youwouldnaturallyjustfocusonthemainideasandpossiblyaddafewimportantdetails.Practiceexplainingtheideasbyspeakingoutloud.Whenyouspeak,youwillprobablydiscoverthethingsyoucanexplainclearlyandthosethingsyouneedtocheckagain.Finally,youcanwritethesummary,keepinginmindthewayyoupresentedthemainideaswhenyouspokeaboutthem.A.Ifyoucan,takenotesandwritethemainideas.B.Itisoftenonlyoneortwoparagraphslong.C.Trytoexplainthematerialasifyouweretalkingaboutitwithyourfriendsorfamily.D.Then,takeaseparatepieceofpaperandtrytowriteonlythemainideas.E.Thiswillhelpyourmindfocusonunderstandingthemainideas.F.Thisisagoodwaytoseeifyoucanrememberandorganizethemainpointsinyourmind.G.Tosummarizewell,youneedtoseparatethemainideasfromlessimportantdetails.【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.D20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何总结摘要的几点方法和建议。【16题详析】根据上文“Asummarybrieflyexplainsthemainideasofapieceofwritingoraspeechbutdoesnotincludeallthedetails.(总结简要地解释了一篇文章或演讲的主要思想，但不包括所有的细节。)”介绍了总结的定义，即简要解释一篇文章或演讲的主要观点且不包含所有细节。B选项“Itisoftenonlyoneortwoparagraphslong.(它通常只有一两段长。)”进一步说明了总结的篇幅特点，承接上文，符合语境。故选B项。【17题详析】根据上文“Beingabletosummarizeisausefulskilltohave,notonlyforpassingexamsbutalsoforworkinginprofessions.(总结能力是一项有用的技能，不仅对通过考试，而且对职业工作也很有用。)”提到总结是一项有用的技能，以及下文“Youcanusethefollowingmethodtodothis(你可以使用下面的方法来做到这一点)”引出总结的方法。G选项“Tosummarizewell,youneedtoseparatethemainideasfromlessimportantdetails.(为了很好地总结，你需要把主要观点和不太重要的细节区分开来。)”既承接上文说明总结的要点，又引出下文的总结方法，符合逻辑。故选G项。【18题详析】根据上文“First,readorlistentothematerialonetimewithoutwritinganynotes.(首先，读一遍或听一遍材料，不做任何笔记。)”说第一次阅读或听材料时不做笔记。E选项“Thiswillhelpyourmindfocusonunderstandingthemainideas.(这将有助于你的大脑专注于理解主要观点。)”解释了不做笔记这样做的好处，即专注于理解主要观点，符合语境。故选E项。【19题详析】根据上文“Next,readorlistenagain.Butthistime,writenotesandbesuretoidentifythemainideasalongwithsomedetails.Youcanmarkmainideasbyputtingastarnexttothem,underliningthem,orusingacoloredpentomarkthem.(接下来，再读一遍或再听一遍。但这一次，写笔记，并确保确定主要思想和一些细节。你可以通过在它们旁边画一个星号，在它们下面画线，或者用彩色笔来标记它们。)”介绍了再次阅读或听材料并做笔记标记主要观点的步骤。D选项“Then,takeaseparatepieceofpaperandtrytowriteonlythemainideas.(然后，拿一张单独的纸，试着只写主要观点。)”承接上文，进一步说明之后的操作步骤，符合逻辑。故选D项。【20题详析】根据下文“Inthosesituations,youwouldnaturallyjustfocusonthemainideasandpossiblyaddafewimportantdetails.Practiceexplainingtheideasbyspeakingoutloud.(在这些情况下，你会很自然地只关注主要思想，可能会添加一些重要的细节。通过大声说出来来练习解释这些想法。)”提到在某些情况下专注主要观点并大声练习解释观点。C选项“Trytoexplainthematerialasifyouweretalkingaboutitwithyourfriendsorfamily.(试着解释材料，就像你在和朋友或家人谈论一样。)”引出下文的这种情况，符合语境。故选C项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itwasinthefreezingmidwinter,andatiredcouplewalkedthroughthe___21___night,seekingshelter.Theywerenotmanandwife,butratherapairofbeagles(比格犬).GusKiebel,acountrywildlifeofficer,was___22___homeworkwhenhespottedthepairintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwassnowingsohardthatitwas___23___tosee,buthecouldtellthedogswerewearingcollars(项圈)andtags(标牌).Gus___24___histruckandapproachedtheanimals.Hesquatted(蹲下)andstretchedouthis___25___tothebeagles,which___26___toescape.Hereadtheir___27___byhistruck’sheadlights:ThefemalewasnamedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.ThenGusdialedthenumberfromthedog’tags.Amanansweredand___28___grewdefensivewhenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling.“Igaveawaythosedogs,”themansaid.“They’renotmineanymore.”Thesebeagleswere___29___,then.Nohomeatallinthisworld.GuscalledhiswifeKatieKiebel.“Youcannotputthembackinthesnowstorm,”shesaid.“Bringthemhome.”TheKiebelsprepareda____30____forthedogsinacrateontheirwarmenclosedporch,also____31____foodandwater.The____32____animalslaytogether,CooperperiodicallyliftinghisheadtofussoverPepper.Asaboy,Gushad____33____owningbeagles,nowhisdreamcouldbeachieved.Thebeagleswereadopted,asapair,tothe____34____family.It’sasimplestorypeoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoavagabondcouple,____35____itspeakstothebestofournature.21.A.warm B.cool C.cold D.hot22.A.walking B.cycling C.running D.driving23.A.necessary B.difficult C.easy D.convenient24.A.parked B.mended C.repaired D.made25.A.feet B.hands C.arms D.legs26.A.madenoeffort B.puteffortinto C.makeeveryeffort D.makeprogress27.A.signs B.collars C.tags D.names28.A.hardly B.gradually C.immediately D.rapidly29.A.adopted B.worried C.noticed D.abandoned30.A.table B.sofa C.bench D.bed31.A.settingout B.settingoff C.settingup D.settingdown32.A.exhausted B.frightened C.excited D.satisfied33.A.thinkof B.dreamof C.approveof D.hearof34.A.moving B.loving C.surprising D.satisfying35.A.or B.and C.but D.so【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.B26.A27.C28.C29.D30.D31.A32.A33.B34.B35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了乡村野生动物官员GusKiebel在回家的路上，遇到了两只流浪比格犬，以及如何和妻子一起帮助它们的故事。【21题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是一个寒冷的隆冬，一对疲惫的比格犬在寒冷的夜晚走着，寻求庇护。A.warm暖和的；B.cool凉爽的；C.cold寒冷的；D.hot炎热的。根据前文“Itwasinthefreezingmidwinter”可知，是寒冷的隆冬，所以这对疲惫的比格犬走过寒冷的夜晚。故选C项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：乡村野生动物官员格斯·基贝尔（GusKiebel）在开车回家的路上，在车灯的闪烁下发现了这对比格犬。A.walking步行；B.cycling骑自行车；C.running跑步；D.driving开车。根据后文“whenhespottedthepairintheflashofhisheadlights”中“headlights（汽车前灯）”可知，GusKiebel是开车回家。故选D项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雪下得很大，很难看清，但他能看出那两只狗都戴着项圈和标牌。A.necessary必需的；B.difficult困难的；C.easy容易的；D.convenient方便的。根据前文“Itwassnowingsohard”可知，雪下得很大，所以很难看清。故选B项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：格斯停好卡车，走近动物们。A.parked停车；B.mended修理；C.repaired修理；D.made制作。根据后文“approachedtheanimals”可知，Gus要接近这两只动物，所以他把卡车停下了。故选A项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他蹲下来，向比格犬伸出双手，比格犬没有逃跑的企图。A.feet脚；B.hands手；C.arms胳膊；D.legs腿。根据“Hesquatted(蹲下)andstretchedout...”以及常识，他蹲下伸出手去接近比格犬。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他蹲下来，向小猎犬伸出双手，小猎犬没有逃跑的企图。A.madenoeffort没有努力做某事；B.puteffortinto致力于；C.makeeveryeffort尽一切努力；D.makeprogress取得进步。根据后文可知这两只比格犬没有躲避他，所以这里表示它们没有努力逃跑。“madenoeffort”表示没有努力做某事，符合语境。故选A项。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他借着卡车的前灯看了看它们的标牌：母的叫佩珀，公的叫库珀。A.signs标志；B.collars项圈；C.tags标牌；D.names名字。根据后文“byhistruck’sheadlights:ThefemalewasnamedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.ThenGusdialedthenumberfromthedog’tags.”可知，他是通过卡车前灯看狗的标牌得知它们的名字的。故选C项。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：接电话的是一个男人，当Gus告诉他打电话的原因时，他立刻变得很有戒心。A.hardly几乎不；B.gradually逐渐地；C.immediately立即；D.rapidly快速地。根据后文““Igaveawaythosedogs,”themansaid.“They’renotmineanymore.””可知，当Gus告诉这个男人打电话的原因时，这个男人立刻变得有戒心了。故选C项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，这两只比格犬被抛弃了。A.adopted收养；B.worried担心；C.noticed注意；D.abandoned抛弃。根据前文男人说的“Igaveawaythosedogs.They’renotmineanymore.”可知，这两只比格犬被抛弃了。故选D项。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Kiebels夫妇在温暖的封闭门廊上的板条箱里为狗准备了一张床，还准备了食物和水。A.table桌子；B.sofa沙发；C.bench长凳；D.bed床。根据后文“forthedogsinacrateontheirwarmenclosedporch”以及狗要休息的情境可知，Kiebels夫妇为狗在温暖封闭的门廊的板条箱里准备了一张床。故选D项。【31题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Kiebels夫妇在温暖的封闭门廊上的板条箱里为狗准备了一张床，还准备了食物和水。A.settingout摆放；B.settingoff出发；C.settingup建立；D.settingdown记下。根据句意以及“also...foodandwater”可知，他们还摆放了食物和水。“settingout”表示摆放，符合语境。故选A项。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：筋疲力尽的这两只狗躺在一起，库珀不时地抬起头来照顾佩珀。A.exhausted筋疲力尽的；B.frightened害怕的；C.excited兴奋的；D.satisfied满意的。根据前文“Itwasinthefreezingmidwinter,andatiredcouplewalkedthrough...”可知，这两只比格犬在寒冷的冬天走了很久，很疲惫，所以这里是疲惫的动物躺在一起。故选A项。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Gus小时候就梦想拥有一只比格犬，现在他的梦想实现了。A.thinkof想起，认为；B.dreamof梦想；C.approveof赞成；D.hearof听说。根据后文“nowhisdreamcouldbeachieved”可知，Gus小时候梦想拥有比格犬。故选B项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对比格犬被收养给了这个充满爱的家庭。A.moving感人的；B.loving有