甘肃省武威市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1甘肃省武威市某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALastFriday,Britain’sPrinceWilliamannouncedthewinnersofthisyear’sEarthshotPrize.Theprizeismeanttoencouragenewideasandrapidactiontohelpprotecttheplanet.Belowarepartsofthisyear’sprize-winningprojectsineachcategory.ProtectandRestoreNatureKheytiwontheprizeforprotectingandrestoringnaturewithits“Greenhouse-in-a-box”idea.Kheytiisalreadyworkingwith1,000farmersacrossIndia,whichisoneofthemostclimate-affectedcountriesintheworld.Thecompanysaysthegreenhousesallowfarmerstouse90%lesswaterandproduceseventimesasmuchfood.Kheytihopestogetitsgreenhousesto50,000farmersby2027.CleanOurAirCharlotMagayiwontheprizeforcleaningtheair.Ms.Magayidevelopedastove(炉子)thatusesafuelthat’scheaperandpollutesfarlessthancharcoalstoves.Currently,over200,000ofherCleanStovesarebeingusedinKenya.BuildaWaste-FreeWorldALondon-basedcompanycalledNotpla(for“NotPlastic”)wontheprizeforbuildingawaste-freeworld.They’vecreatedaplasticsubstitute(替代品)fromplantsfoundintheocean.Unlikemostplastic,theirproductsbreakdownnaturallywithnomicroplastics.Notplabelievestheirproductscanhelpendtheplasticpollutionthat’sfillinglandfillsandpollutingoceans.FixOurClimateTheEarthshotPrizeforworkingtowardfixingourclimatewenttoacompanycalled44.01fromOman.44.01hascomeupwithawaytoturnpollutingcarbondioxide(CO2)intoarockcalledperidotite.OncetheCO2hasbeenturnedintorock,itcannolongerbereleasedintotheatmosphereagain.Themethodthat44.01usesisfast,cheapandpermanent.1.WhatistheaimoftheEarthshotPrize?A.Toofferpracticaladviceonglobalwarming.B.Tofindsolutionstotheenvironmentalproblems.C.Todevelopastrategicpartnershipwithallparties.D.ToencourageliterarycreationsoftheBritishpeople.2.WhereareKheyti’sgreenhouseswidelyused?A.InIndia. B.InKenya. C.IntheUK. D.InOman.3.WhatdoCharlotMagayiand44.01haveincommon?A.Theywanttobuildawaste-freeworld.B.Theirprojectsaredirectlygoodforfarmers.C.Theirachievementsbenefittheaircleaning.D.Theyuseplantsfromtheoceanintheirproducts.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文。英国威廉王子宣布今年“为地球奋斗奖”的获奖者本文主要介绍了今年各类别获奖项目的部分内容。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theprizeismeanttoencouragenewideasandrapidactiontohelpprotecttheplanet.(该奖旨在鼓励新的想法和快速行动，以帮助保护地球。)”，以及下文的各个小标题可知，“为地球奋斗奖”的目的是找到方法保护地球。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据ProtectandRestoreNature下的“Kheytiisalreadyworkingwith1,000farmersacrossIndia,whichisoneofthemostclimate-affectedcountriesintheworld.(Kheyti已经与印度的1,000名农民合作，印度是世界上受气候影响最严重的国家之一。)”可知，Kheyti的温室项目在印度各地都有进行。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据CleanOurAir的“CharlotMagayiwontheprizeforcleaningtheair.Ms.Magayidevelopedastove(炉子)thatusesafuelthat’scheaperandpollutesfarlessthancharcoalstoves.Currently,over200,000ofherCleanStovesarebeingusedinKenya.(查洛特·马盖赢得了清洁空气奖。马盖发明了一种使用比木炭炉更便宜且污染更少的燃料的炉子。目前，肯尼亚已有超过20万个她的清洁炉正在使用)”，FixOurClimate的“TheEarthshotPrizeforworkingtowardfixingourclimatewenttoacompanycalled44.01fromOman.44.01hascomeupwithawaytoturnpollutingcarbondioxide(CO2)intoarockcalledperidotite.(为解决气候问题做出贡献的‘为地球奋斗奖’奖颁给了44.01公司。44.01公司提出了一种将污染的二氧化碳转化为一种名为橄榄石的岩石的方法。)”可知，CharlotMagayi和44.01的共同之处是他们的成就都有利于空气净化，因此而得奖。故选C项。BInmylivingroom,thereisaplaque(匾)thatadvisesmeto“Bloomwhereyouareplanted.”ItremindsmeofDorothy.IgottoknowDorothyintheearly1980s,whenIwasteachingEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentthroughaprogramwithUnionCollegeinBarbourville,Kentucky.Thejobresponsibilitiesrequiredoccasionalvisitstotheclassroomofeachteacherintheprogram.Dorothystandsoutinmymemoryasonewho“bloomed”inherremotearea.DorothytaughtinaschoolinHarlanCounty,Kentucky,AppalachianMountainarea.TogettoherschoolfromthetownofHarlan,Ifollowedaroadwindingaroundthemountain.Intheeight-milejourney,Icrossedthesamerailroadtrackfivetimes,givingthepossibilityofgettingcaughtbythesametrainfivetimes.Ratherthanfeelingexcitedbythisdrivethroughthemountains,Ifounditdepressing.Thepovertylevelwasshockingandthesmallshabbyhousesgavemethegreatestfeelingofhopelessness.Fromthemomentofmyarrivalatthelittleschool,allgloom(忧郁)disappeared.UponarrivingatDorothy’sclassroom,Iwasgreetedwithsmilingfacesandtreatedlikeaqueen.Thechildrenhadbeenpreparedtoshowmetheirlatestprojects.Dorothytoldmewithabigsmilethattheywereservingpokegreenssaladandcornbreadfor“dinner”(lunch).Incaseyoudon’tknow,pokegreensareaweed-typeplantthatgrowswild,especiallyonpoorground.Dorothyneverranoutofreportsofexcitingactivitiesofherstudents.Herenthusiasmnevercooleddown.WhenitcametimetositforthetestingandinterviewingrequiredtoreceiveheChildDevelopmentAssociateCertification,Dorothywasready.Shecametotheassessmentandpassedinallareas.Afterward,sheinvitedmetotheone-and-onlysteakhouseintheareacelebratehervictory,asifshehadreceivedherPh.D.degree.Afterthemeal,sheplacedalittleboxcontaininganoldpeninmyhand.Shesaiditwasafamilyheirloom(传家宝),buttomeitatreasuredsymbolofappreciationandpridethatcannotbematchedwiththings.4.“EarlyChildhoodDevelopment”inParagraph1refersto________A.aprogramdirectedbyDorothyB.acoursegivenbytheauthorC.anactivityheldbythestudentsD.anorganizationsponsoredbyUnionCollege5.Uponarrivingattheclassroom,heauthorwascheeredupby________.A.awarmwelcome B.thesightofpokegreensC.Dorothy’slatestprojects D.abigdinnermadeforher6.WhatcanweknowaboutDorothyfromthelastparagraph?A.Shewasinvitedtoacelebrationatarestaurant.B.Shegotapenasagiftfromtheauthor.C.Shepassedtherequiredassessment.D.ShereceivedherPh.D.degree.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellus?A.Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitcarefully.B.Whoeveryouare,youdeserveequaltreatment.C.Howeverpooryouare,youhavetherighttoeducation.D.Whereveryouare,youcanaccomplishyourachievement.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dorothy在贫困地区从事教育工作的故事，告诉我们，不管我们在哪里，都可以取得成就，实现自己的梦想。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“IgottoknowDorothyintheearly1980s,whenIwasteachingEarlyChildhoodDevelopmentthroughaprogramwithUnionCollegeinBarbourville,Kentucky.(我认识多萝西是在20世纪80年代初，当时我在肯塔基州巴伯维尔市的联合学院教授儿童早期发展课程)”可知，本段所说EarlyChildhoodDevelopment(儿童早期发展)是指作者开设的课程。故选B项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“UponarrivingatDorothy’sclassroom,Iwasgreetedwithsmilingfacesandtreatedlikeaqueen.(一到Dorothy的教室，我就受到了笑脸的欢迎，受到了女王般的待遇)”可知，一到教室，作者就受到热烈的欢迎。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Shecametotheassessmentandpassedinallareas.(她参加了评估，所有领域都通过了)”可推知，Dorothy通过了所需要的评估。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Inmylivingroom,thereisaplaque(匾)thatadvisesmeto‘Bloomwhereyouareplanted.’ItremindsmeofDorothy.(在我的客厅里，有一块牌匾建议我‘你被种在哪里，就在哪里开花’。它让我想起了Dorothy)”可推知，本文通过Dorothy的故事，告诉我们，不管我们在哪里，都可以取得成就，实现自己的梦想。故选D项。CPeopleconsistentlyunderestimatehowmuchothersintheirsocialcirclemightappreciateanunexpectedphonecall,textoremailjusttosayhello,andthemoresurprisingtheconnection,thegreatertheappreciation,accordingtoanewstudy.Inthestudy,researchersfromtheUniversityofPittsburghconductedsomeexperimentsinvolvingmorethan5,900participants.Inoneexperiment,halfoftheparticipantswereaskedtorecallthelasttimetheyreachedouttosomeoneintheirsocialcircleafteraprolonged(长期的)periodofnotinteractingwiththem.Therestwereaskedtorecallasimilarsituationwheresomeonereachedouttothem.Participantswerethenaskedtoindicateona7-pointscalehowmucheithertheyorthepersontheyreachedouttoappreciated.Peoplewhorecalledreachingoutthoughtthegesturewassignificantlylessappreciatedthanthosewhorecalledreceivingacommunication.Inotherexperiments,participantssentashortnote,orasmallgift,tosomeoneintheirsocialcirclewithwhomtheyhadnotinteractedinawhile.Similartothepreviousexperiment,participantswhoinitiated(发起)contactwereaskedtorateona7-pointscaletheextenttowhichtheythoughttherecipientwouldappreciateorfeelgratefulforthecontact.Afterthenotesorgiftsweresent,researchersalsoaskedtherecipientstoratetheirappreciation.Acrossallexperiments,thosewhoinitiatedthecommunicationsignificantlyunderestimatedtheextenttowhichrecipientswouldappreciatetheactofreachingout.Besides,theresearchersfoundthatpeoplereceivingthecommunicationplacedgreaterfocusthanthoseinitiatingthecommunicationonthesurpriseelement,andthisheightenedfocusonsurprisewasassociatedwithhigherappreciation.“Wealsofoundthatpeopleunderestimatedothers’appreciationtoagreaterextentwhenthecommunicationwasmoresurprising,asopposedtopartofaregularcommunicationpattern,orthesocialtiesbetweenthetwoparticipantswereweak,”addedleadauthorPeggyLiu.Initiatingsocialcontactafteraprolongedperiodofdisconnectioncanbedauntingbecausepeopleworryabouthowsuchagesturemightbereceived.Butthesefindingssuggestthattheirhesitationsmaybeunnecessary,asothersarelikelytoappreciatebeingreachedouttomorethanpeoplethink.8.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheexperiments?A.Bylistingarguments. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bymakingassumptions. D.Bymakingcomparisons.9.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatweretheparticipantsaskedtodo?A.Toranktheirappreciation. B.Tomakeanunexpectedcall.C.Toexpresstheirthoughts. D.Todothesameexperiments.10.Basedontheresearch,whowouldshowhigherappreciation?A.Onereceivingagiftofgreatvalue. B.Oneoftencontactedbyaclosefriend.C.Oneconnectedquiteunexpectedly. D.Onemakingregularcontactswithothers.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“daunting”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Unbearable. B.Discouraging. C.Illogical. D.Immoral.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究，研究发现人们总是低估社交圈里的其他人会多么感激一个意外的电话、短信或电子邮件，只是为了打个招呼。而且，这种联系越令人惊喜，人们越感激。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Inoneexperiment,halfoftheparticipantswereaskedtorecallthelasttimetheyreachedouttosomeoneintheirsocialcircleafteraprolonged(长期的)periodofnotinteractingwiththem.Therestwereaskedtorecallasimilarsituationwheresomeonereachedouttothem.Participantswerethenaskedtoindicateona7-pointscalehowmucheithertheyorthepersontheyreachedouttoappreciated.(在一项实验中，一半的参与者被要求回忆他们在长时间没有互动后最后一次联系社交圈里的人。其余的人被要求回忆一个类似的情况，有人主动联系他们。然后，参与者被要求用7分制来表示他们或他们联系的人有多感激)”可推知，研究人员通过比较来进行实验。故选D。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Similartothepreviousexperiment,participantswhoinitiated(发起)contactwereaskedtorateona7-pointscaletheextenttowhichtheythoughttherecipientwouldappreciateorfeelgratefulforthecontact.Afterthenotesorgiftsweresent,researchersalsoaskedtherecipientstoratetheirappreciation.(与之前的实验类似，主动联系的参与者被要求以7分制来评价他们认为接收者会对这种联系感到感激或感激的程度。在纸条或礼物发出后，研究人员还要求收信人评价自己的感激之情)”可知，根据第三段，参与者被要求对他们的赞赏进行排名。故选A。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Besides,theresearchersfoundthatpeoplereceivingthecommunicationplacedgreaterfocusthanthoseinitiatingthecommunicationonthesurpriseelement,andthisheightenedfocusonsurprisewasassociatedwithhigherappreciation.(此外，研究人员发现，接受交流的人比发起交流的人更关注惊喜元素，而这种对惊喜的高度关注与更高的赞赏有关)”可推知，根据研究，一个被联系的人会出乎意料地表现出更高的赞赏。故选C。【11题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“becausepeopleworryabouthowsuchagesturemightbereceived.(因为人们担心这样的姿态会如何被接受)”可知，在长时间断开联系后，开始社交接触可能会令人生畏。由此推知，划线词daunting与discouraging(令人气馁的)意思接近。故选B。DResearchshowsthatwhensocialmediauseishigh,depressionisalsohigh.Butthequestionis—isthatbecausesocialmediacausesthatpersontobedepressed?Orisitbecausepeoplewhoaredepressedtendtoalsousesocialmediamore,andspendlesstimeexercisingandbeingingreenspaces?“Thatiswhatwewantedtounderstand,”saysCarolVidal,thefirstauthorofthestudy,achildandadolescentpsychiatristatJohnsHopkinsChildren’sCenter.Intheirstudy,376youngadultsinCanadawereaskedtocompletethreeonlinequestionnairesbetweenMay2021andJanuary2022.Ateachpoint,participantsself-reporteddepressivesymptomsbasedonthePHQ-9—anine-itemscale(表)thatiscommonlyusedtomeasuredepression—aswellassocialmediause,greenspaceexposure,andphysicalactivity.Researchersfoundthatparticipantswhohadhighersocialmediausetendedtobemoredepressed,andpeoplewhoweremoredepressedalsotendedtousesocialmediamore.However,researchersfoundthatsocialmediausedidnotcauseanincreaseordecreaseindepressivesymptomlevelsovertime.Researchersalsofoundthathigherlevelsofsocialmediauseandhigherlevelsofdepressivesymptomswereassociatedwithlowerlevelsofgreenspaceexposure.Inaddition,highereveningnesswasalsoassociatedwithhigherdepressivesymptomlevels.Onestudyauthorsaystheseresultsshowsocialmediauseanddepressionareassociated,butdonotprovideevidencethatgreatersocialmediausepredictsanincreaseindepressivesymptomsovertime.Otherprofessionalsintheteamalsosaythesefindingsindicatepeoplewhosufferfromdepressionshouldbecarefulabouttheamountoftimetheyspendonsocialmediaandshouldbeencouragedtointegrateotherhealthyhabitsintotheirlifestyle.Vidalandotherinvestigatorsbelievetherearemanyaspectstosocialmedia,andthereareimportantnextstepstolearnmoreaboutitsimpactonthementalhealthofpeopleofallages,includingyoungerchildrenandadolescents.12.WhydidCarolVidalconductthestudy?A.Toexplorehowdepressionaffectssocialmediause.B.Toinvestigateifgreenspacesbenefitmentalhealth.C.Tofindthelinkbetweensocialmediaanddepression.D.Todeterminewhysocialmediacontributestodepression.13.Howdidtheresearchersmeasuredepressioninthestudy?A.Byusinganine-itemformcalledPHQ-9.B.Byobservingtheparticipants’dailybehavior.C.Byaskingtheparticipants’friendsandfamilies.D.Byanalyzingtheparticipants’socialmediaposts.14.Whatdotheresearchersadvisepeoplewithdepressiontodo?A.Avoidusingmobilephones. B.Develophealthyeatinghabits.C.Seekprofessionalhelpregularly. D.Cutdownthetimeonsocialmedia.15.Whatdoesthefollow-upstudyaimtofindout?A.Thetypesofsocialmedia.B.Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonmentalhealth.C.Thepopularityofsocialmediaamongyoungerchildren.D.Effectivewaystolimitsocialmediauseamongtheyouth.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明社交媒体使用与抑郁症存在相关性，但未证明社交媒体使用会导致抑郁症状的加重或减轻，研究人员建议抑郁症患者注意社交媒体使用时间并培养健康生活习惯。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchshowsthatwhensocialmediauseishigh,depressionisalsohigh.Butthequestionis—isthatbecausesocialmediacausesthatpersontobedepressed?Orisitbecausepeoplewhoaredepressedtendtoalsousesocialmediamore,andspendlesstimeexercisingandbeingingreenspaces?“Thatiswhatwewantedtounderstand,”saysCarolVidal(研究表明，当社交媒体的使用率很高时，抑郁症也很严重。但问题是，这是因为社交媒体导致这个人抑郁吗？还是因为抑郁的人也倾向于更多地使用社交媒体，花更少的时间锻炼和呆在绿地上？“这就是我们想要了解的，”CarolVidal说)”可知，CarolVidal开展这项研究是为了发现社交媒体和抑郁症之间的联系。故选C项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ateachpoint,participantsself-reporteddepressivesymptomsbasedonthePHQ-9—anine-itemscale(表)thatiscommonlyusedtomeasuredepression—aswellassocialmediause,greenspaceexposure,andphysicalactivity.(在每个时间点，参与者根据PHQ-9，一份通常用于测量抑郁的9项量表，以及社交媒体使用、绿地空间接触和身体活动自我报告抑郁症状)”可知，研究人员通过一个名为PHQ-9的9项量表来测量抑郁。故选A项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Otherprofessionalsintheteamalsosaythesefindingsindicatepeoplewhosufferfromdepressionshouldbecarefulabouttheamountoftimetheyspendonsocialmediaandshouldbeencouragedtointegrateotherhealthyhabitsintotheirlifestyle.(团队中的其他专业人士也表示，这些发现表明，抑郁症患者应该注意他们花在社交媒体上的时间，并应鼓励他们将其他健康习惯融入他们的生活方式中)”可知，研究人员建议抑郁症患者减少使用社交媒体的时间。故选D项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Vidalandotherinvestigatorsbelievetherearemanyaspectstosocialmedia,andthereareimportantnextstepstolearnmoreaboutitsimpactonthementalhealthofpeopleofalláges,includingyoungerchildrenandadolescents.(维达尔和其他调查人员认为，社交媒体有很多方面，要进一步了解它对所有年龄段的人的心理健康的影响，包括年幼的儿童和青少年，还有重要的下一步工作要做)”可知，后续研究旨在了解社交媒体对心理健康的影响。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PeerEditingGoodwritersproofreadtheirworkandrewriteitseveraltimes.Thinkofthefirstdraftofanessayasafirstattempt.Beforeyourewriteyouressayorpaper,itishelpfultoletsomeoneelsereadit,offercomments,andaskquestionstoclarifyyourmeaning.____16____Yourclassmates(yourpeers)readyourpaperandmakecommentsusingasetofquestionsandguidelines.Peereditingcanhelpyoustrengthenanyareasinyourwritingthatareweakorthatappearconfusingtothereader.Herearesomesuggestionsforpeerediting:Listencarefully.Inpeerediting,youwillreceivecommentsandsuggestionsfromotherstudents.____17____Youmaythinkthatwhatyouwroteisclearandaccurate,butreaderscanoftentellyouwhatneedsimprovement.Rememberthatthecommentsareaboutthewriting,notaboutyou.Makehelpfulcomments.____18____Usepolitelanguage.Forexample,insteadofsaying“Thisisbadgrammar,”or“Ican’tunderstandanyofyourideas,”makehelpfulcomments,suchas“Youneedtomakesurethateverysentencehasaverb,”or“Whatdoyoumeaninthissentence?”____19____Thereareexamplesofeditsandcommentsthatateachermadeonastudent’sfirstdraftandanexampleofthestudent’sseconddraftintheWriter’sHandbook.Read,read,read.Itisimportantforyoutounderstandwhyapieceofwritingisgoodorisnotgood,andthebestwaytodothisistoread,read,andreadsomemore.____20____Don’thesitatetotry.A.Theproofreadersareexpertsinfindingthemostobviousmistakes.B.Itisimportanttolistencarefullytocommentsaboutyourwriting.C.Themorewritingstylesyoubecomefamiliarwith,thebetteryourwritingcanbecome,too.D.Studyanexampleof“EditingYourWriting.”E.Inclass,peereditingisaneasywaytogetopinionsaboutyourpaper.F.Readingaloudisthemostimportantreadingstrategythatweoughttobeemphasizing.G.Whenyoureadyourclassmates’papers,chooseyourwordsandcommentscarefully.【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.D20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了同伴互评对写作的帮助及具体操作建议。【16题详析】上文“Beforeyourewriteyouressayorpaper,itishelpfultoletsomeoneelsereadit,offercomments,andaskquestionstoclarifyyourmeaning.(在重写文章前，让他人阅读、提意见并提问来明确你的意图是很有帮助的)”提出让他人审阅文章的方法，下文“Yourclassmates(yourpeers)readyourpaperandmakecommentsusingasetofquestionsandguidelines.(你的同学即同伴会阅读你的文章，并依照一系列问题和准则提出意见)”具体说明同伴互评的操作方式，E选项“Inclass,peereditingisaneasywaytogetopinionsaboutyourpaper.(在课堂上，同伴互评是获取文章意见的便捷方法)”承上启下，引出下文的同伴互评具体内容，符合语境。故选E。【17题详析】上文“Listencarefully.Inpeerediting,youwillreceivecommentsandsuggestionsfromotherstudents.(仔细倾听。在同伴互评中，你会收到其他同学的意见和建议)”点明该段主旨是要仔细倾听，下文“Youmaythinkthatwhatyouwroteisclearandaccurate,butreaderscanoftentellyouwhatneedsimprovement.(你可能认为自己写的内容清晰准确，但读者往往能告诉你需要改进的地方)”解释了倾听他人意见的重要性，B选项“Itisimportanttolistencarefullytocommentsaboutyourwriting.(认真听取关于你文章的意见是很重要的)”承接上文主旨，引出下文的具体解释，符合语境。故选B。【18题详析】上文“Makehelpfulcomments.(提出有益的意见)”点明该段主旨是要给出有帮助的评价，下文“Usepolitelanguage.Forexample,insteadofsaying“Thisisbadgrammar,”or“Ican’tunderstandanyofyourideas,”makehelpfulcomments,suchas“Youneedtomakesurethateverysentencehasaverb,”or“Whatdoyoumeaninthissentence?”(使用礼貌用语。例如，与其说“这语法不好”或“我听不懂你的任何想法”，不如说一些有用的评论，比如“你需要确保每个句子都有一个动词”，或者“你在这个句子中是什么意思？”)”举例说明提出有益意见的做法，G选项“Whenyoureadyourclassmates’papers,chooseyourwordsandcommentscarefully.(当你阅读同学的文章时，要谨慎措辞、斟酌意见)”承接上文主旨，引出下文的具体做法，符合语境。故选G。【19题详析】下文“Thereareexamplesofeditsandcommentsthatateachermadeonastudent’sfirstdraftandanexampleofthestudent’sseconddraftintheWriter’sHandbook.(《写作手册》中有老师对学生初稿的修改意见示例，以及学生的二稿示例)”提到了写作修改的相关示例，D选项“StudyanexampleofEditingYourWriting.(研究一篇《修改你的文章》的示例)”引出下文的具体示例内容，符合语境。故选D。【20题详析】上文“Read,read,readItisimportantforyoutounderstandwhyapieceofwritingisgoodorisnotgood,andthebestwaytodothisistoread,read,andreadsomemore.(多读、多读、再读。理解一篇文章的优劣至关重要，而做到这一点的最佳方法就是多读、多读、再读)”强调了阅读的重要性，C选项“Themorewritingstylesyoubecomefamiliarwith,thebetteryourwritingcanbecome,too.(你熟悉的写作风格越多，你的写作水平也会越高)”承接上文，说明大量阅读带来的好处，符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Rocketswereprobablyinventedbyaccidentabout2000yearsago.TheChinesehadaformofgunpowderwhichwasputinbambootubesandthrownintofirestomake____21____duringfestivals.Perhapssomeofthetubesjumpedoutofthefireinsteadofexplodinginit.TheChinese____22____thatthegunpowderescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.Theideaoftherocketwas____23____.Thefirst____24____useofrocketswasin1232.TheSongDynastywasatwarwiththeMongols.Duringthe____25____ofKaifeng,theSongarmy____26____“arrowsofflyingfire”.Thetubeswere____27____toalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.____28____theMongolslearnedhowtomakerocketsthemselvesanditispossiblethatthey____29____themtoEurope.Betweenthe13thand15thcenturythereweremanyrocket____30____inEngland,FranceandItaly.Theywereusedformilitarypurposes.OneItalianscientisteveninventedarocketwhichcouldtraveloverthesurfaceofwaterandhita(an)____31____ship.Noteverybodywantedtouserocketsinbattles.WanHu,aChinesegovernmentofficial,inventeda____32____chair.Heattachedtwobigkitestothechair,and47rocketstothekites.Therocketswerelit,therewasahugeexplosionand____33____ofthicksmoke.Whenthesmoke____34____WanHuandhischairhaddisappeared,nooneknowswhathappened.DidWanHudieintheexplosion?Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,becomingtheworld’sfirst____35____?21.A.cuisines B.decorations C.explosions D.differences22.A.thought B.discovered C.understood D.decided23.A.born B.burst C.found D.improved24.A.political B.official C.military D.scientific25.A.occupation B.attack C.search D.battle26.A.lifted B.shot C.exploded D.fled27.A.attached B.shaken C.wrapped D.blown28.A.Finally B.Suddenly C.Soon D.Thus29.A.delivered B.threw C.passed D.introduced30.A.exhibitions B.performances C.experiments D.transformations31.A.business B.official C.transportation D.enemy32.A.flying B.diving C.surfing D.blowing33.A.packs B.clouds C.masses D.bunches34.A.finished B.completed C.cleared D.reflected35.A.scientist B.researcher C.astronaut D.explorer【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了火箭的发明过程、首次军事用途以及在欧洲的发展，还提及了古人对火箭用于飞行的尝试。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国人有一种形式的火药，被放进竹筒里扔进火中，在节日期间制造爆炸。A.cuisines菜肴；B.decorations装饰品；C.explosions爆炸；D.differences差异。根据下文“Perhapssomeofthetubesjumpedoutofthefireinsteadofexplodinginit.”以及常识可知，火药被扔进火里，目的是制造爆炸。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国人发现从管子里逸出的火药可以把它送到空中。A.thought认为；B.discovered发现；C.understood理解；D.decided决定。根据下文“thegunpowderescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair”可知，此处表示中国人发现了这一现象。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：火箭的想法诞生了。A.born出生，诞生；B.burst爆发；C.found找到；D.improved改善。根据上文“thegunpowderescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair”可知，中国人发现从管子里逸出的火药可以把它送到空中，火箭的想法诞生了。故选A。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火箭的首次军事用途是在1232年。A.political政治的；B.official官方的；C.military军事的；D.scientific科学的。根据下文“TheSongDynastywasatwarwiththeMongols.”可知，火箭用于战争，是军事用途。故选C。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开封战役期间，宋军发射了“飞火之箭”。A.occupation占领；B.attack攻击；C.search搜索；D.battle战役。根据上文“TheSongDynastywasatwarwiththeMongols.”以及下文“theSongarmy”可知，此处指开封战役期间。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在开封战役期间，宋军发射了“飞火之箭”。A.lifted举起；B.shot发射；C.exploded使爆炸；D.fled逃跑。根据下文““arrowsofflyingfire”.Thetubeswere________toalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.”可知，此处表示宋军发射“飞火之箭”，shotarrows表示“发射箭”，符合军事场景。故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些管子被固定在一根长棍上，这有助于火箭保持直线运动。A.attached固定；B.shaken摇晃；C.wrapped包裹；D.blown吹。根据下文“toalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection”可知，管子被固定在一根长棍上，所以火箭会保持直线运动。故选A。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快蒙古人也学会了制造火箭，很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A.Finally终于；B.Suddenly突然；C.Soon很快；D.Thus因此。根据下文“theMongolslearnedhowtomakerocketsthemselves”可知，此处表示时间上的延续，蒙古人很快学会了制造火箭。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快蒙古人也学会了制造火箭，很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A.delivered递送；B.threw扔；C.passed通过；D.introduced介绍，引入。根据下文“themtoEurope”可知，此处表示蒙古人把火箭引进到欧洲。故选D。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在13世纪到15世纪之间，英国、法国和意大利进行了许多火箭实验。A.exhibitions展览；B.performances表演；C.experiments实验；D.transformations转换。根据下文“Theywereusedformilitarypurposes.”以及“OneItalianscientisteveninventedarocketwhichcouldtraveloverthesurfaceofwaterandhita(an)________ship.”可知，火箭被用于军事目的，进行了许多火箭实验。故选C。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。A.business生意；B.official官员；C.transportation运输；D.enemy敌人。根据上文“Theywereusedformilitarypurposes.”可知，火箭用于军事目的，所以此处表示击中敌舰。故选D。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国政府官员万户发明了一种飞天椅。A.flying飞的；B.diving潜水的；C.surfing冲浪的；D.blowing吹的。根据下文“Heattachedtwobigkitestothechair,and47rocketstothekites.”可知，万户发明了一种飞天椅。故选A。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：火箭被点燃，产生了巨大的爆炸和浓烟。A.packs包装；B.clouds云；C.masses大量；D.bunches束。根据下文“ofthicksmoke”可知，此处表示火箭被点燃后产生了浓烟，应用clouds。故选B。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当烟雾散去时，万户和他的椅子不见了，没有人知道发生了什么。A.finished结束；B.completed完成；C.cleared清理，散去；D.reflected反射。根据下文“WanHuandhischairhaddisappeared”可知，此处描述的是烟雾散去之后的场景，万户和他的椅子不见了。故选C。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者他被带到了数英里外的太空，成为了世界上第一个宇航员？A.scientist科学家；B.researcher研究员；C.astronaut宇航员；D.explorer探索者。根据上文“washecarriedmilesintospace”可知，此处在推测万户被带到了数英里外的太空，成为了世界上第一个宇航员。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。Chinahasbeenmakinggreatprogressinscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Morethanonebrilliantachievement____36____(make)indifferentfieldsinthepast10years.Taketheaerospaceindustryforexample.TheChinesespaceprogram,____37____hasachievedaseriesofremarkablefeats(功绩),isattracting