选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land基础知识（学生版）

选择性必修第二册Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand基础知识【课前检查】单句语法填空1.Chinesewomenarenotjust________(consume)offashion一theyarecentraltoitsmovement.2.Threemealsandtwotothreesnacksadayisideal________youngchildren.3.Someofthesewildernessesperformfunctionsthathumansneed一therainforests,forexample,storecarbon(碳)invast_____________(quantity).4.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.5.Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin________(exception)circumstances.6.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargequantityofdesert________(cover)thelandforalongtime.7.TheopeningupofChinahaswellpromotedworldpeaceand________(stable).8.Weareworkingin________(associate)withanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthe9.Hebundledup(捆扎)thedirtyclothesandstuffedthem________thebag.10.Inthearchitect’sview,beautyliesinsimplicityand________(elegant).11.Youmustgetaminimum________40questionsrighttopasstheexamination.12.Theexhibitionenjoysagreatreputation,________(consist)offivesections.13.__________(face)withadifficultsituation,hedecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.14.Hardworkis____________(fundament)tosuccess.15.Yettherearealsoreasonstobe____________(modest)optimistic.语法填空PriortocomingtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthat___1___(change)tosuitAmericantastes.Later,IhadachancetoexperienceauthenticChinesefoodby___2___(come)toChina.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtomeandmyfamilybyafriend.___3___(tire),hungry,andnotknowingawordofChinese,wehadnoideahowtoorder,___4___thechefjustbeganfillingourtablewiththebestfoodwehadevereaten.Withthis,wehadthepleasureofexperiencingan___5___(entire)newtaste:Sichuanpeppercorns.Thefoodwaserywonderfulanddifferent,but___6___wasmoreimportantwasthefriendship___7___(offer)us.InnorthernXinjiang,thetraditionalfoodsarewhatyoucancookover___8___openfire—usuallyboiledorroastedmeat.FromsouthtocentralChina,ineachplaceweexperiencedwonderfullocal___9___(dish),includingGuangdong'selegantdimsumandHenan'sexceptionalstewednoodles.Everywhere,thefoodwasvaried,justsimilartothepeople.However,what'sthedeepestimpressiononmeisthatthroughfood,Chinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipand___10___(kind).【问题查找】I.单句词汇填空1.Agoodspeakerisableto____________(预测)anaudience’sneedsandconcerns.2.Theideaswerenotnew.Theirdevelopmenthad(继续做)steadilysincethewar.3.Theircriticismdidnotdiscourageme.Onthe____________(相反),Iworkedevenharder.4.Moreproblemslikethoseatthenuclearpowerplantarecertainto____________(出现).5.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcana____________.6.Judy(报名参加)inaprogrammeofstudythatwaseightmonthsinduration,butshecompleteditinonlysixmonths.7.Thenthatpuddleofwaterstartsto____________(结冰).8.Tohis_____________(震惊),hebeheldthefigureofamanstandingjustafewfeetaway,armedwithabowandarrow.9.Thesongbecamea______________(巨大的)hitin1945.10.Thequestionis___________(一定)tocomeupatthemeeting.II.单句短语填空1.和人们一般的看法相反，没有证据表明长相对人生有多大影响。_____________popularbelief,thereisnoevidencethatwhatyoulooklikemakesmuchdifferencetoyourlife.2.我明白是外科医生救了我的命。IknewthatI___________mylife____________thesurgeon.3.在钟南山教授的领导下，我们肯定会赢得这场战役。Underthe_______________ofprofessorZhongNanshan,we___________________winthebattle.4.ThebeautyofQinghaiLake_________________________________________(令游客们惊叹).5.When________________(从…起来)thechair,myfatherandEleanor’sfatherwereindeepconversation.语法—过去分词VS现在分词I.单句语法填空1.BothheandIare___________(satisfy)withtheresult.2.Thenewswas___________(excite)andtheywereall(excite)atit.3.Weallfelt___________(encourage)atthe(encourage)news.4.When___________(face)withdifficulties，wemusttrytoovercomethem.5.If___________(give)betterattention，theseriousaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.【要点精讲】单词1.anyhowadv.(结束交谈或转换话题时)不过；反正【原句复现】Anyhow，thenextstationismystop！不过，下一站就是我的目的地！【归纳拓展】anyhow/somehow※anyhow(＝anyway)意为“无论如何；即便如此”等，可以放在句首、句末或者句中※somehow意为“以某种方式；不知怎么地；不知为什么”，表示某种未知的原因即学即练：[选词填空]anyhow，somehow(1)Iamnotworriedwhetherthereisanythingtoeat.___________Iamnothungryatall.(2)___________,therightchanceneverseemedtocometothelittlegirl.2.astonishvt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊【原句复现】Standinginthedistance，theywereastonishedtoseemistycloudsrisingfromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.她们站在远处眺望，看到湖的南边从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。【归纳拓展】※astonishedadj.感到惊讶的(指人的主观感受)beastonishedat/bysth.因某事感到惊讶beastonishedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶beastonishedthat...对……感到惊讶※astonishingadj.令人感到惊讶的※astonishmentn.惊讶inastonishment吃惊地toone’sastonishment让某人惊讶的是即学即练：(1)I___________(astonish)atthenewsthataseriesofproblemsfromthenewpolicy.(2)Wewereastonished___________(hear)thattheirfootballteamhadwonthechampion.(3)Muchtomy___________(astonish),onlyafterthreedays,mygrandfathercouldn’tremembermyname.(4)Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryand___________(astonish)ways.3.contrastn.对比；对照；差异vt.&vi.(使)形式对比；对照【原句复现】Atthestation，incontrasttoToronto，theyheardpeopletalkinginFrench.在车站，与多伦多不同的是，她们听到人们用法语进行交流。【归纳拓展】※by/incontrast相比之下incontrastwith/to与……形成对比(对照)；与……相反makeacontrastwith...与……形成对比※contrast...with...把……和……相对比即学即练：(1)Inhisspeech,hementionedtheeconomicandsocial___________betweenthepoorandtherich.(2)Incontrast___________hiswife,Bushhaslittleappetiteforforeigntravel.(3)Toourastonishment,hisactionscontrastsharply___________hispromises.(4)___________contrast,MrsYangwasmuchmoreoutspoken.Soshewasmoresuitableforthepost.4.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；归因于【原句复现】That’stoobad.Youoweittoyourselvestostaylonger.那太可惜了。为了你们自己，你们应该多停留几天。【归纳拓展】※owesb.sth./owesth.tosb.欠某人某物owesth.tosb./sth.把某事归功于某人或某事oweittosb.that/todo...把……归功于某人※owingto因为，由于即学即练：(1)He___________(把…归功于)hisgoodhealthtoplentyofexerciseandaregularlife.(2)Heowes___________tohisdoctor’scarethatheisquitewellagain.(3)Wasit___________(由于)thebadweatherthattheyhadtochangethescheduleofleaving?5.arisevi.(arose，arisen)发生，出现，产生；起身，起立【原句复现】Thenextmorning，thetwogirlsaroseearlytotakethetraintoLakeLouise，passingthroughtheCanadianRockies.第二天早上，这两个女孩早早地就坐上了去路易斯湖的火车，从加拿大的落基山里穿过去。【归纳拓展】arisefrom/outof由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生risevi.渐渐上升;起立，起身raisevt.举起，使升高；提升，提拔；提出arisevi.(arose,arisen)起身；出现；由……引起arousevt.唤起arouseone’sinterest/sympathy唤起某人的兴趣、同情心辨析:rise使用范围广,既用于具体事物的“上升增长”,又用于抽象事物的“上涨”raise与以上两词不同的是,此词是及物动词,表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象物arise没有“上升”之意,多指“产生发生和出现”,常用于抽象事物即学即练：(1)Canwebegindiscussingmatters___________(arise)fromthelastmeeting?(2)ThatmorningI___________(arise)earlyandwentouttotheroadwaitingforMr.Browntopickmeup.(3)Recently,theriver___________(rise)byseveralmeters.(4)Hehiseyesfromhiswork.(5)Smoke___________(raise)fromthechimney.(6)Herbehavior______________(引起)thesuspicionsofthepolice.6.massiveadj.巨大的；非常严重的【原句复现】Seenfromthetrainwindow，themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.从火车的窗户向外看，外面是连绵起伏的山脉和大片的森林。【归纳拓展】massn.块，团；大量，众多amassof＝massesof大量的；许多的themasses群众，平民百姓即学即练：(1)Thecoldair___________(mass)aremovingfromSiberiatowardsInnerMongolia.(2)他一生致力于维护群众的政治权利。____________________________________________________________________________________________7.boundadj.准备前往(某地)；一定会【原句复现】Theyspentthenight，andthentookacoachboundnorththroughtheCanadianRockiestoJasper.她们过了一夜，然后乘坐长途汽车，向北穿越加拿大的落基山脉，来到贾斯珀。【归纳拓展】beboundtodo...一定做……；有义务做……beboundfor准备前往(某地)beboundupwithsth.与某事有密切关系beboundupinsth.忙于/专心于/热衷于某事即学即练：(1)Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,___________raiseworries.(2)We’dbettertakeaplanebound___________China.(3)Hislife___________thestudyofnuclearphysics.8.enrol(especiallyUSenroll)vi.&vt.(使)加入；注册；登记【归纳拓展】enrolfor登记，参加报名（某课程等）enrolsb.forsth.给某人报名学习（某课程等）enrolin加入（某组织或团体）enrolsb.insth.使某人加入（某组织或团体）enrollmentn.登记，入会（学）即学即练：(1)Heenrolled___________acookingclass.(2)Shewasthefirstpersoninherfamilytoenroll___________college.(3)Forparents,theirchildren's___________(enrol)isasourceofjoyandpride.(4)我必须在本周内给孩子们报名学钢琴课。___________________________________________________9.freezevi.&vt.(froze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住【原句复现】Edmontonisfreezingcoldinwinter,withdailytemperaturesaveraging－10℃.埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为－10℃。【归纳拓展】freezewith因……而呆住freezetodeath冻死freezeup(某物)冻住；﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动，停住；惊呆freezesb.withafrown皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧即学即练：(1)Shefroze____________horrorwhenshesawthebody.(2)IwassonervousthatIfroze___________.(3)Hundredsofhomelesspeoplecouldfreeze____________deaththiswinter.10.anticipatevt.预料；预见；期望【原句复现】However，theydidnotanticipateseeingsuchanopencountry,andweretrulyamazed.然而，她们没有料到会看到这么空旷的一个国家，着实感到惊讶。【归纳拓展】anticipatedoingsth.预期做某事Itisanticipatedthat据预料……anticipationn.预料，预期；期盼inanticipationofsth.期盼某事即学即练：(1)Weanticipate_____________(see)youagainsoon.(2)我们不希望出现任何问题。________________________________________________________________(3)Daniel热切地期待着她的到来。____________________________________________________________11.typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的【原句复现】Duringthefirstday,asistypicalofVancouver,itrained.第一天，就像温哥华像平常那样下雨了。【归纳拓展】betypicalof是……的特点typicallyadv.典型地；通常即学即练：(1)___________(typical),adoctorwillseeaboutthirtypatientsaday.(2)她很健忘。____________________________________________________________12.despiteprep.尽管......【原句复现】Despitetheweather,theywereabletotakeaboatrideoutintothebay.尽管天气不好，他们还是乘船到海湾去了。【归纳拓展】despite=inspiteof后接名词、代词或动名词，不接从句(what从句除外)；though,although或as是从属连词，引导从句。即学即练：(1)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife________________hisgreatwealth.(2)______________heleftschoolat16,hestillmanagedtobecomeprimeminister.13.pleasantadj.令人愉快的；友好的【原句复现】Later,theytookapleasanthikeinaforestjustashortdistanceaway.后来，他们在不远处的森林里愉快地徒步旅行。【归纳拓展】pleasedadj.快乐的，高兴的;满意的bepleasedtodosth.开心做某事pleasingadj.令人高兴的，满意的pleasuren.高兴；荣幸pleased由外部因素引发的人的高兴、愉快的情感。bepleasedat/with/aboutsth.或+todosth.pleasant指天气、旅行、消息、时间等令人感到高兴、愉快、舒适等，也指人或人的行为举止等友好的、文雅的、招人喜欢的。在句子中既可作定语也可作表语。即学即练：(1)We’re______________withwhathehasdone.(2)Theweatherinourcityisvery______________.(3)Didyouhavea______________holidayinLondon?(4)______________toseeyouagain,MrZhang.短语1.contraryto相反的；相对立的【原句复现】Well，contrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,therearealotofvastandemptyspacesinChina,actually.与很多人认为的相反，其实在中国有很多辽阔空旷的区域。【归纳拓展】contraryadj.相反的；相对立的n.相反的事实(或事情)onthecontrary与此相反；恰恰相反tothecontrary相反的becontraryto与……相反/相违背即学即练：(1)_____________myexpectation,theboydidn’tlikethecoatIboughtforhim.(2)UnlessIhearanything_____________,Ishallassumethemeetingwillbeheldontime.(3)Itwasn’tagoodthing;_____________thecontrary,itwasahugemistake.(4)Tomyastonishment,theresults_____________myexpectation.2.takesb.’sbreathaway令人惊叹【原句复现】Whenthetrainarrivedatthestation，theytookataxitoLakeLouise，wherethebluewaterliterallytooktheirbreathawaywithitsexceptionalbeauty.火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。【归纳拓展】outofbreath上气不接下气hold/catchone’sbreath屏息loseone’sbreath喘不过气来takeadeepbreath做深呼吸(1)We_________________whentheheadmasterannouncedtheresultofthecompetition.(2)Whileclimbingupthestairs，theoldmanalways_________________.(3)_________________,andthenyoumayfeelrelaxed.(4)泰山美丽的风景将会让所有的游客惊叹不已。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.atherthan与其；不愿(连接两个并列成分)【原句复现】Ratherthantravelbycommercialairlinealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrain.她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班。【归纳拓展】句中ratherthan连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。(1)ratherthan连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与ratherthan前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。(2)ratherthan后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当ratherthan位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。即学即练：(1)他正忙于写信而不是看电视。____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)我认为是汤姆，而不是你应受到责备。____________________________________________________________________________________________(3)Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.____________________________________________________________________________________________4.inaddition除此之外【原句复现】Inadditiontoseeingspectacularmountainpeaksandforests…后来，他们在不远处的森林里愉快地徒步旅行。【归纳拓展】additionn.增添，添加inadditionto+名词/代词/动名词add...to...往……加入……addto增加，加强addup加起来addupto总共有，（总起来看）说明即学即练：(1)Thismusic____________ourpleasureandmakesusrelaxed.(2)DoyoubelievethatLincoln’seducation____________nomorethanoneyear?(3)Please____________sugarandmilk____________yourcoffee.Theywillmakeitmoredelicious.(4)除此之外，他还得付十美元。___________________________________________________________________________________________(5)除了薪水之外，他还有五千美元的收入。___________________________________________________________________________________________5.gothrough穿过；成功；经历，经受；检查；完成；用完【原句复现】Theywentthroughtwowheat-growingprovinces…他们经过了两个小麦种植区...【归纳拓展】go短语:goaround四处走动，流传goby过去，经过gofor出去，去找，喜欢goinfor从事，喜欢goout出去，熄灭，过时goover研究，复习goup上升，上涨；建造；攀爬即学即练：(1)经过数月的努力，这项工作终于完成了。___________________________________________________________________________________________(2)他们爱打网球和保龄球。___________________________________________________________________________________________(3)交作业前仔细检查一下拼写错误。___________________________________________________________________________________________(4)时光飞逝___________________________________________________________________________________________语法—过去分词VS现在分词[观察例句]1.Thegirlswereamazedtoseesuchanopencountry.2.Doyoufeelfrightenedwhengoingintothewildernessalone?3.Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thescenerywasreallyfascinating.4.Finally,thecompany—headedbyitsnewmanager—startedtomakeaprofit.一、过去分词作表语1.意义：位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。Shelookeddisappointed.Wewereencouragedatthenews.2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecupisbroken.(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.(被动语态)3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”Theybecamesoworriedthattheystayedawakeallnight.Thesituationbecamesoworryingthatsomethingshouldbedoneatonce.即学即练：(1)Iwastoo__________(tire)towalkanyfurther.(2)Whenheheardthe__________(move)story,hewasdeeply__________(move).(3)Tomwasmore__________(surprise)than__________(disappoint)atthisnews.二、过去分词(短语)作状语1.意义：过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。2.过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置(1)过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。Whenofferedhelp,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It'skindofyou”.(时间状语)Givenanotherchance,Iwilldoitmuchbetter.(条件状语)Greatlyinspiredbywhathedid,Ijoinedhiminhelpingothers.(原因状语)Visitedmanytimes,theplaceisstillworthvisitingagain.(让步状语)Hehasbeenpreparinghispaperalldaylong,lockedinhisstudy.(方式状语)Theguestwalkedintotheroom,greetedbythehost.(伴随状语)(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.＝Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.即学即练：找出充当状语的过去分词，并说出其充当什么状语。(1)Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.(2)Time,usedcorrectly,ismoneyinthebank.(3)Ifaskedtolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.(4)Seatedatthetable,myfatherandIweretalkingaboutmyjob.(5)When(youare)givenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.3.过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况(1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seenfromthetopofthemountain(＝Whenitisseenfromthetopofthemountain)，thewholetownlooksmorebeautiful.Encouragedbytheprogresshehasmade(＝Asheisencouragedbytheprogresshehasmade)，heworksharder.(2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。Theteachercameintotheroom，followedbytwostudents(＝andwasfollowedbytwostudents).Hespentthewholeafternoon，lockedinhisstudy(＝andwaslockedinhisstudy).(3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。EvenifIaminvited(＝Evenifinvited)，Iwillnottakepartintheparty.Unlessyouareaskedtospeak(＝Unlessaskedtospeak)，youshouldremainsilentatthemeeting.(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.=Moretimegiven,wecouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。即学即练：句型转换(1)Whentheywereaskedwhohadbrokenthevase,thechildrenallkeptsilent.→_________________________,thechildrenallkeptsilent.(2)Ifweareunited,wewillmakeourlifebetter.→_________________________,wewillmakeourlifebetter.4.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。(1)现在分动作同时发生用一词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用havingdone，表示被动就用havingbeendone。Walkingalongthestreet,Imetafriendofmine.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theywenthometohavearest.(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.即学即练：(1)____________(impress)bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.(1)____________(look)outofthewindow,Ifoundmanychildrenplayingontheplayground.【查漏补缺】单词短语单词拼写重点短语语法Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.BothheandIare_____________(satisfy)withtheresult.2.Thenewswas_____________(excite)andtheywereall(excite)atit.3.Weallfelt_____________(encourage)atthe(encourage)news.4.When_____________(face)withdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.5.If_____________(give)betterattention,theseriousaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.6.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_____________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.7._____________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.8.Muchtime(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.9._____________(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.10._____________(raise)inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.Ⅱ.完成句子1.我对试验结果很满意。_______________________________________________________________________2.从山顶看，我们会有一个更好的视野。________________________________________________________3.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。__________________________________________________________4.当被问到有关他的家庭情况时，他没有回答。__________________________________________________5.由于伤得很严重，只好把他送往医院。________________________________________________________【梳理优化】【词性转化】1.astonishvt.使十分惊讶→astonishedadj.吃惊的→astonishingadj.惊人的→astonishmentn.惊讶的人或事2.photographern.摄影师；拍照者→photographn.照片；相片3.advertisementn.广告；启事→advertisev.做广告；做宣传；通知4.mistn.薄雾；水汽→mistyadj.多雾的；模糊的5.pleasevt.&vi.(使……)高兴；(使……)满意→pleasantadj.令人愉快的→pleasedadj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的→pleasuren.高兴(的事)6.literaladj.照字面的；原义的→literallyadv.字面上；真正地7.breathn.呼吸的空气→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breathev.呼吸8.freezevi.&vt.(froze，frozen)结冰；(使)冻住→freezingadj.极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的9.anticipatevt.预料；预见；期望→anticipationn.预期；期盼10.duringprep.在……的期间；在……的时候→durationn.持续时间；期间【强化巩固】单词短语Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Water_____________（结冰）whenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.Iwasn’tqualifiedtoapplyforthejobreallybutIgotit_____________(不过).3.Oneofthe_____________(最精彩的部分)ofourtourtoPariswasvisitingtheLouvre.4.Bymile17,Ibecameoutof_____________（呼吸）andtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.5.Inhisspeech,he_____________（把...归功于）hissuccesstohardworkandthehelpofhisrelatives.6.Anumberofhighbuildingshave_____________(出现)wheretherewasnothingbutruinsayearago.7.Inordertoproduceenoughmasksforthepeople,theworkersworkedfromdawnto_____________（傍晚）.8.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentor__________(广告).Ⅱ.选词填空takeone’sbreathaway,inadditionto,rangefrom,abunchof,wakeup,allinall,goonajourney,beknownas,acoupleof,alltheway1.ShecanspeakFrenchandGerman____________English.2.Herushed____________tothestationonlytomissthetrain.3.Recently,thehotdayslast____________weeks.4.Itiswell-knowntousthathe____________afunnyperformer.5.Ireceived____________flowersthismorning.6.Thechildren’sages____________8to15.7.Hehashisfaults,but____________,heisagoodhelper.8.Climbingthatmountainisamust-doforlotsoftourists.Theviewfromthetopwill____________.9.Wehavemadeupourmindsto____________toTibet.10.I____________at6:00amtojogforanhourbeforehavingfruitandmilk,andthenbiketowork.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Contrary____________popularbelief，theoilcompaniescan’tcontrolthepriceofcrude(原油).2.AsfarasI’mconcerned，thereisnothingbetterthana____________(please)travel.3.Itisan____________(astonish)factthatChinaproducesonethirdoftheworld’scigarettes.4.Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhiledriving；accidentsoftenarise____________carelessness.5.Havingbeenawayfrommyhometownforsolong，Inowonlyhave____________(mist)memoriesofit.6.Americansalwaysdrivetosupermarketstobuy____________(freeze)foodsfortheweek.7.Theyoungmanbelievedthathisnewinventionwasbound____________(change)people’slife.8.Allthechildrenthathavearrivedatschoolagemustbe____________(enroll).Ⅳ.单句写作1.她喜欢在公园里慢跑，而不是散步。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.这位老妇人站在门旁边，等着儿子回来。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.由于受到了极大的鼓舞，我们决定继续训练下去。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.他们一下车就惊叹于这美丽的景色。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.这个人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。____________________________________________________________________________________________语法Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Time,____________(use)correctly,ismoneyinthebank.2.If____________(give)morecareandattention,theboywouldnothavegonethatfaronthewrongpath,I’msure.3.____________(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.4.____________(trap)bystrongwindsanddeepsnow,Andydidnothingbutwait.5.____________(settle)inafriendlyway,theirfiercequarrelfinallycametoanend.6.“Can’tyouread？It’sanonsmokingsection.”Isaidangrily____________(point)tothenotice.7.____________(compare)withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.8.____________(be)pooratEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyselfunderstood.Ⅱ.单句写作1.看到妈妈下班回家了，那个小女孩非常兴奋。___________________________________________________________________________________________2.这位女士对服务员的无礼感到生气。___________________________________________________________________________________________3.她坐在教室后面，不和任何人说话。___________________________________________________________________________________________4.被这里的景色吸引，他们放弃了离开的计划。___________________________________________________________________________________________5.因为对这个派对很失望，他决定不再参加了。___________________________________________________________________________________________语法填空Belindaworksasastewardessin1._______internationalairline.Onherfirstdayofwork,themassivecloudstookherbreathaway.“How2.________(astonish)itis!Incontrasttotheviewontheground,theviewintheskylooksmuch3.___________(magnificent).”Shewouldtellherfriends,“Sometimesthesteamwillfreezeonthewingswhentheplaneflies4.________theclouds.”Contrarytoherfriends,Belindabelievedthatatheoreticalbasiswasnecessarywhenonewantedtolearnabitaboutacertainskill,sosheinvolvedinlearningtheory5.______(relate)toherprofession.Severalyearslater,Belinda6._______(award)thetitleofthemostbeautifulstewardess7._______(annual)andgotpromoted.When8.________(interview)bythemedia,sheowedhersuccesstoher9.________(devote)toworkratherthangoodluck.“Successwillnotarisebyitself.Itisyourefforts10.________cancultivateit.”shestated.【课后练习】阅读理解1Ifyouwanttofullyenjoyyourvacation,thenyou'dbetterchecktheDurbanCityTours!ThisisactuallyoneofthebestchoicesinSouthAfricatoday.Thereisnothingmorerelaxingthantothinkaboutthatthereisaplacetogoandrelax,right?Citylifeisstrained,butyoucanescapethissituationandbeintheplacewherethereisnothingbutrelaxation.HereinDurbanyouwillgettoseealltheamazingtouristattractions.Ifyouloveanimalsandwanttoseesomeelephantswanderingaroundthestreets,thenDurbanistheplacetogo.Youcanevengettorideoneifyouwant!HereyouwillalsogettotasteallthedeliciousSouthAfricanfood.YoucanchoosefromItaliancookingtoitsnativedishes.Durbanisagreatplacetotourwithyourfriendsandfamily.Youwilllearnalotaboutitshistorythroughthelandmarksyouwillseedownthestreets.Touristsandeventhelocalvillagersjustcan'tgetenoughofthesetreats!However,itisimportantthatyoumakethenecessaryarrangements.ThereareactuallylotsoftourguidesthatwillhelpyouasyoumakeyourjourneyalongthestreetsofDurban.ButifyoupreferthebesttourguideshereinDurban,thenyou'dbettersettlefortheStreetSceneTours.Theirstaffareallwelltrainedandprofessional.Theywillcertainlymakeyourstayhereanunforgettableone.NowondertouristsprefertheStreetSceneTourswhenitcomestoDurbanCityTours.1.Theunderlinedword“strained”inParagraph2means“________”.A.easyB.stressfulC.steadyD.casual2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Durbanisarelaxingcity.B.Peopledon'tlikecitylife.C.Itisgoodtohaveaplacetorelax.D.On