江苏省无锡市某校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省无锡市某校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABroadcomMASTERS’(Math,AppliedScience,TechnologyandEngineeringforRisingStars),aprogrammeofSocietyforScience&thePublic,isanationalsciencecompetitionformiddleschoolstudents.Herearefourawardwinnersthisyear.AlainaGassler,14,inWestGrove,Pennsylvania,wonthe$25,000SamueliFoundationPrizeforherprojectreducingblindspotsincars.Shedesignedasystemthatcandisplayanythingthatmightblockthedriver’slineofsight.Alainawasinspiredtocreateherdeviceafterseeinghermotherstrugglewithblindspotsintheirfamilyautomobile.AlexisMacAvoy,14,inHillsborough,California,wonthe$10,000RobertWoodJohnsonFoundationAwardforHealthAdvancement,recognizingherhardworkandexcellentperformanceinhealth-relatedfields.Alexisdesignedafilter(过滤器)usingcarbontoremoveheavymetalsfromwater.RachelBergey,14,inHarleysville,Pennsylvania,wonthe$10,000LemelsonAwardforInvention,awardedbyTheLemelsonFoundationtoayounginventorcreatingpromisingsolutionstoreal-worldproblems.Racheldevelopedatrapmadeoftinfoil(锡纸)andnettingfortheSpottedLanternfly(斑点灯笼蝇),aspeciescausingdamagetotreesinPennsylvania.SidorClare,14,inSandy,Utah,wonthe$10,000Marconi/SamueliAwardforInnovation,anhonourmadepossiblebySamueli’sgenerousdonationofhis2012MarconiSocietyPrizeAward.SidordevelopedbricksthatcouldonedaybemadeonMars,sothathumanswouldnotberequiredtobringbuildingmaterialsinordertobuildthere.Thewinnerswereselectedbyagroupofdistinguishedscientists,engineersandeducators.Eachwinner’sschoolwillreceive$1,000fromBroadcomMASTERS’tobenefittheirscienceprogrammes.1.Whoseinventionhelpsimproveroadsafety?A.AlainaGassler’s. B.AlexisMacAvoy’s.C.RachelBergey’s. D.SidorClare’s.2.WhatisthefunctionofthefilterdesignedbyAlexis?A.Collectheavymetals. B.Trapcarbon.C.Purifydrinkingwater. D.Removeair.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSidorClare?A.Shereceivedthelargestaward. B.Shepaidmoreattentiontospace.C.Shewasaproductiveinventor. D.Shewasinspiredbylanternflies.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了今年美国科学与公众协会的全国中学生科学竞赛的四位获奖者及其发明成果。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“AlainaGassler,14,inWestGrove,Pennsylvania,wonthe$25,000SamueliFoundationPrizeforherprojectreducingblindspotsincars.Shedesignedasystemthatcandisplayanythingthatmightblockthedriver’slineofsight.(14岁的阿拉娜·加斯勒来自宾夕法尼亚州的西格罗夫，她的减少汽车盲点的项目获得了2.5万美元的萨缪里基金会奖。她设计了一个系统，可以显示任何可能阻挡司机视线的东西。)”可知，阿拉娜·加斯勒的发明可以显示任何可能阻挡司机视线的东西，有助于提高道路安全。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alexisdesignedafilter(过滤器)usingcarbontoremoveheavymetalsfromwater.(亚历克西斯设计了一种使用碳的过滤器，用于去除水中的重金属。)”可知，亚历克西斯设计的过滤器的功能是净化饮用水。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“SidordevelopedbricksthatcouldonedaybemadeonMars,sothathumanswouldnotberequiredtobringbuildingmaterialsinordertobuildthere.(西多开发了一种有一天可以在火星上制造的砖块，这样人类就不需要为了在那里建造而携带建筑材料。)”可知，西多·克莱尔的发明与火星建筑材料有关，说明他更关注太空领域。故选B项。BIhavealwaysbeenpassionateaboutart,butwithchildrentofeedandeducate,pursuingitseemedimpossible.At83,Ifinallyregisteredforartschool.Bornin1933,Iledalifemarkedbyfamilystrugglesbutalsoresilience(适应力).Istudiedmechanicalengineeringandlatermanagement,becominganassociateprofessoratbusinessschool,whereInowholdemeritus(荣誉退休的)status.Abouttenyearsago,aftermywifefellillwithAlzheimer’sandrequiredcare,Iturnedtopainting.Determinedtotakethisnewpathseriously,IappliedtoanartprogrammeinBarcelona,insistingonpaintingdespiteadvicetostudyarthistory.Balancingmystudieswithwork,ittookmesevenyearstocompletethefour-yearcourse,graduatinglastyearattheageof90.Returningtoschoolwasachallenge;everythinghadchangedsincemyearliereducation.Mostofmyclassmateswereintheir20s,buttheywelcomedmewarmly,oftenseekingmyadviceduetomylifeexperience.Iencounteredsomeresistancefromacoupleofteachersearlyon,butIkeptgoing.Thefirsttwoyearsfocusedonflowers,stilllifes,andlandscapes,beforeweexploredabstraction,whichIenjoymost.Ibelievethattalentcomesfromhardwork;sometimesIfeelstuck,butIpushthrough.MyartisticinfluencesincludeSpanishpainterslikeFranciscodeZurbaránandJoaquínSorolla,andwhileIappreciatebeauty,Ivaluegoodnessandtruthevenmore.Icreateabstractlandscapesfrommemory,expressingmyemotionsthroughcolour.Ipaintprimarilyonweekendsandduringholidays.WhileIdon’tplantoexhibitextensively,myworkwasdisplayedinasmallvillageforsixmonths,thoughitreceivedlittleattention.Afteralifetimeinengineeringandeducation,Imaynotfullyidentifyasanartist,butInowhavetherecognitionthatsupportsmyjourneyintoart.4.Whydidtheauthordecidetopursueartat83?A.TofindcuresforAlzheimer’s. B.Tochangehiscareerpath.C.Topursuehispassionforart. D.Tosupporthisbigfamily.5.Howdidtheauthor’sclassmatesreacttohim?A.Theyenjoyedhiscompany. B.Theytendedtoignorehim.C.Theyinspiredhimtogoon. D.Theyresistedhispresence.6.Whichbestdescribestheauthor’sartjourney?A.Eventful. B.Romantic. C.Casual. D.Challenging.7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStruggleofOldArtists. B.FromEngineeringtoArt.C.TheValueofArtEducation. D.ALifetimeofArtPursuit.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在83岁高龄追求自己喜欢的艺术的经历。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ihavealwaysbeenpassionateaboutart,butwithchildrentofeedandeducate,pursuingitseemedimpossible.At83,Ifinallyregisteredforartschool.(我一直对艺术充满热情，但有孩子要养活和教育，追求艺术似乎是不可能的。83岁时，我终于报名了艺术学校。)”可知，作者对艺术充满热情，所以在83岁时报名了艺术学校，想要追求自己的艺术热情。故选C。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mostofmyclassmateswereintheir20s,buttheywelcomedmewarmly,oftenseekingmyadviceduetomylifeexperience.(我的大多数同学都是20多岁，但他们热情地欢迎我，经常因为我的生活经历而寻求我的建议。)”可知，作者的同学欢迎作者，还寻求作者的建议，由此推测出，他们喜欢作者的陪伴。故选A。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Balancingmystudieswithwork,ittookmesevenyearstocompletethefour-yearcourse,graduatinglastyearattheageof90.(平衡我的学习和工作，我花了七年时间完成了四年的课程，去年90岁毕业。)”、第三段中的“Returningtoschoolwasachallenge;everythinghadchangedsincemyearliereducation.(重返校园是一个挑战；自从我早期接受教育以来，一切都变了。)”和“Iencounteredsomeresistancefromacoupleofteachersearlyon,butIkeptgoing.(我早些时候遇到了几位老师的阻力，但我还是坚持了下来。)”、第四段中的“Ibelievethattalentcomesfromhardwork;sometimesIfeelstuck,butIpushthrough.(我相信才华来自努力工作；有时候我觉得被困住了，但我坚持了下来。)”可知，作者由于要平衡学习和工作，花了七年时间才学完四年的课程，在学校的时候作者遇到了一些挑战，但作者都坚持下来了，由此可推出，作者的艺术学习之旅充满了挑战。故选D。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“At83,Ifinallyregisteredforartschool.(83岁时，我终于注册了艺术学校。)”和“Istudiedmechanicalengineeringandlatermanagement,becominganassociateprofessoratbusinessschool,whereInowholdemeritus(荣誉退休的)status.(我学习了机械工程，后来学习了管理，成为商学院的副教授，现在我在那里享有荣誉退休的地位。)”以及最后一段“Afteralifetimeinengineeringandeducation,Imaynotfullyidentifyasanartist,butInowhavetherecognitionthatsupportsmyjourneyintoart.(在工程和教育领域度过一生后，我可能不会完全认同自己是一名艺术家，但我现在得到了支持我艺术之旅的认可。)”可知，全文核心是作者从机械工程领域（mechanicalengineering）转向艺术学习（journeyintoart）的历程。B项（从工程到艺术）适合作本文标题。故选B。CImagineyouneedmilk,soyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.Thesedays,notonlydoyouhavetomakeadecisiononthepercentageoffatyouwant,butalsowhatsourceyouwantyourmilktobecomingfrom:cows,soybeans...Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareoverwhelmed.Thisphenomenonisknownastheparadox(悖论)ofchoiceanditisbecomingaconcerninthemodernworld,wheremoreandmoreoptionsarebecomingeasilyavailabletous.Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.TheideawaspopularizedbyAmericanpsychologistBarrySchwartzwhenhepublishedhisbook,TheParadoxofChoice:WhyMoreisLess.Schwartz,whohaslongstudiedthewaysinwhicheconomicsandpsychologyintersect(交叉),becameinterestedinseeingthewaythatchoiceswereaffectingthehappinessofcitizensinWesternsocieties.Heidentifiedthattherangeofchoicesthatwehaveavailabletousthesedaysisfargreaterthanpeoplehadinthepast;however,consumersatisfactionhasnotincreasedasmuchastraditionaleconomicstheoriesmightexpect.Schwartzidentifiedthattheparadoxofchoicecarriesthemostconsequenceforpeoplethataremaximizers.Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.Whentherearemanyoptionsavailabletomaximizers,itbecomesharderforthemtodeterminewhichisthebest,whichcancausethemtofeelagreatdealofregretaftertheyhavemadeachoice.Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunbounded,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehaviouraleconomicsistofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.8.WhydoestheauthormentionbuyingmilkinParagraph1?A.Todrawaconclusion. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Toleadinatopic. D.Toexplainarule.9.Whatdoestheparadoxofchoicesuggest?A.Moreoptionsmeanlessfreedom.B.Consumersatisfactionhasgreatlyincreased.C.Peoplearehappywithmorechoice.D.Modernmenarehappierthantheirancestors.10.Whatcanbelearntaboutsatisficers?A.Theyaimfortheverybest. B.Theysettleforgoodenough.C.Theyoftenregrettheirdecisions. D.Theyhavetroublemakingdecisions.11.WhatdoesSchwartzsuggestpeopledo?A.Holdontotheirbeliefs. B.Accepttheirownbehaviour.C.Giveupfreedom. D.Limittheirownchoices.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过购买牛奶时面临众多选择的例子，引出了“选择悖论”这一概念，并阐述了其对消费者满意度的影响，还介绍了最大化者和满足者的不同，以及心理学家Schwartz对此的观点。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagineyouneedmilk,soyougotothegrocerystoretopicksomeup,onlytofindtherearedozensofoptions.Thesedays,notonlydoyouhavetomakeadecisiononthepercentageoffatyouwant,butalsowhatsourceyouwantyourmilktobecomingfrom:cows,soybeans...Youhavenoideawhatmilktopick.Therearesomanychoicesthatyouareoverwhelmed.(想象一下，你需要牛奶，所以你去杂货店买一些，却发现有几十种选择。如今，你不仅要决定自己想要的脂肪含量，还要决定牛奶的来源：奶牛、大豆……你不知道该选哪种牛奶。有太多的选择让你不知所措)”和第二段中“Thisphenomenonisknownastheparadox(悖论)ofchoiceanditisbecomingaconcerninthemodernworld,wheremoreandmoreoptionsarebecomingeasilyavailabletous.(这种现象被称为选择悖论，它正在成为现代世界的一个问题，因为我们有越来越多的选择)”可推知，第一段描述购买牛奶时面临众多选择的情景，是为了引出后文“选择悖论”这一话题。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisphenomenonisknownastheparadox(悖论)ofchoiceanditisbecomingaconcerninthemodernworld,wheremoreandmoreoptionsarebecomingeasilyavailabletous.Whilewemightbelievethatbeingpresentedwithmultipleoptionsactuallymakesiteasiertochooseonethatwearehappywith,andthusincreasesconsumersatisfaction,havingtoomanyoptionsactuallyrequiresmoreefforttomakeadecisionandcanleaveusfeelingunsatisfiedwithourchoice.(这种现象被称为选择悖论，它正在成为现代世界的一个问题，因为我们有越来越多的选择。虽然我们可能认为，有多个选择实际上会让我们更容易选择一个我们满意的，从而增加消费者的满意度，但选择太多实际上需要付出更多的努力来做出决定，并会让我们对自己的选择感到不满意)”可知，选择悖论表明选项越多，消费者满意度越低，更多的选项看似提供了更多的选择自由，但实际上徒增烦恼，让消费者难以抉择，从某种意义上说是失去了自由，故“更多的选择意味着更少的自由”。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Maximizers,unlikesatisficers,areconcernedwithmakingthebestchoiceinsteadofsimplymakingachoicethattheyarehappywith.(最大化者与满足者不同，他们关注的是做出最佳选择，而不仅仅是做出一个让他们满意的选择)”可知，最大化者关注做出最好的选择，而满足者则做出让自己满意的选择，由此可知，满足者不追求最好，只要能让自己满意，即足够好就可以了。故选B项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Insteadofbelievingthatfreedomofchoiceisunbounded,Schwartzadvocatesthattheroleofpsychologyandbehaviouraleconomicsistofindthekindoflimitationsonfreedomthatcanleadtothegreatestlevelofhappinesswithinsociety.(Schwartz并不认为选择的自由是无限制的，他认为心理学和行为经济学的作用是找到对自由的限制，这种限制能够在社会内带来最大程度的幸福)”可知，Schwartz认为对选择自由的限制能够在社会内带来最大程度的幸福，所以他会建议人们限制自己的选择。故选D项。DTypically,meteors(流星)areblink-and-you’ll-miss-itevents.Asparticlesofspacedustzipthroughtheatmosphere,theycreateabrightflashbeforeevaporating.However,somemeteorsleavebehindalastingglow,aphenomenonthatastronomershaveobservedforoveracentury,thoughitsoriginsremainedunclear.Nowthefirstsystematicsurveyoftheselastingtrails(尾迹)revealsthattheirlikelihooddependsontheheightatwhichthemeteorburns,ratherthanitsspeedorbrightness.Thisfindingchallengespreviousassumptionsthatonlythebrightestandfastestmeteorscouldproduceafterglows.Earlierstudiessuggestedthesetrailswererare,occurringinabout1in750meteors,primarilyassociatedwiththebrightestexamples.Ontheotherhand,somerecentobservationsfocusedontheLeonidmeteorstorm(狮子座流星雨)concludedthatonlythefastestmeteors,travellingaround70kilometrespersecond,lefttrails.Butthesesurveyswerenotaccurate.Tocreateamorecomprehensivecatalog(目录),researcherssetupacamerainNewMexicotoobservethesamesectionofskyfornearlytwoyears.FromOctober2021toJuly2023,nearly7,500meteorswererecorded,withabout850leavinglastingtrails.Notonlyweretrailsmorecommonthanexpected—about1in8meteorsleftatrail,and1in19lastedlongerthanfiveminutes—buttrailswereleftbymeteorsofallspeedsandbrightnesses.Thedeterminingfactorinleavingtrailswasfoundtobethepresenceofozone.Meteorspenetratingtoaltitudesof90kilometreshadahigherlikelihoodofleavingtrailsthanthosethatwerehigherduetothesmallconcentrationofozone(臭氧)athigheraltitudes.Lastingtrailsformwhenmetalsfromthemeteorreactwithoxygen,particularlyozone,intheatmosphere.Thischemicalreactiongivesoffheatandlight,sustainingtheglowfortensofminutes,orevenuptoanhour,creatingbrilliant,snake-likeformationsthattwistinthewind.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evaporating”inPara.1mean?A.Changing. B.Disappearing. C.Burning. D.Moving.13.Whichplaysthemajorroleinthephenomenonaccordingtothesystematicsurvey?A.Howfastameteortravels. B.Howbrightameteorappears.C.Howhighameteorburns. D.Howclearlyameteorisseen.14.Whyarethepreviousstudies’findingsinaccurate?A.Thetrailsaremuchmoreordinary.B.Thetrailsareleftbyslowmeteors.C.Thetrailsaremuchmorelasting.D.Thetrailsarebrighterthanmeteors.15.Whatcausesthetrailstocomeintoexistenceaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Meteorsreactingwithatmosphere. B.Thelowerconcentrationofozone.C.Meteorsgivingofflightontheirown. D.Windkeepingthetrailsintheair.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.A【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新系统研究发现，流星尾迹的形成主要取决于其燃烧高度（与臭氧反应），而非传统认为的速度或亮度，且尾迹出现频率远超此前预期。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据上文“Typically,meteors(流星)areblink-and-you’ll-miss-itevents.(通常，流星是一闪而过的事件。)”可知，此处强调了流星的短暂性，可推知划线句句意：当太空尘埃颗粒在大气层中快速移动时，它们会在蒸发之前产生一道明亮的闪光。划线词是“消失”的意思。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Nowthefirstsystematicsurveyoftheselastingtrails(尾迹)revealsthattheirlikelihooddependsontheheightatwhichthemeteorburns,ratherthanitsspeedorbrightness.(如今，对这些持久流星轨迹的首次系统性调查表明，其出现的可能性取决于流星燃烧的高度，而非其速度或亮度。)”可知，根据系统的调查，该现象的主要原因是流星燃烧的高度。故选C项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Notonlyweretrailsmorecommonthanexpected—about1in8meteorsleftatrail,and1in19lastedlongerthanfiveminutes—buttrailswereleftbymeteorsofallspeedsandbrightnesses.(不仅流星的轨迹比预期的更为普通常见——大约每8颗流星中就有1颗会留下轨迹，每19颗流星中就有1颗的轨迹持续时间超过5分钟——而且各种速度和亮度的流星都留下了轨迹。)”可知，之前的研究结果不准确是因为这些轨迹要普通得多。故选A项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Lastingtrailsformwhenmetalsfromthemeteorreactwithoxygen,particularlyozone,intheatmosphere.Thischemicalreactiongivesoffheatandlight,sustainingtheglowfortensofminutes,orevenuptoanhour,creatingbrilliant,snake-likeformationsthattwistinthewind.(当流星中的金属与大气中的氧气，特别是臭氧反应时，会形成持久的痕迹。这种化学反应会释放热量和光线，持续发光数十分钟，甚至长达一个小时，形成在风中扭曲的蛇形结构。)”可知，是流星与大气的反应导致了尾迹的形成。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereisnobetterfeelingthantakingcontrolofyourlifeandfindingthepowertomakeyourdreamscometrue.Here’showtomakeithappen.BelieveinyourselfAlthoughitiseasiersaidthandone,havingastrongbeliefinyourselfisthefirststeptosuccessfullyachievingyourdreams.____16____Ifself-confidenceissomethingthatyoustrugglewith,therearemanyactivitiesthatyoucandotobuildyourself-esteem,likesteppingoutofyourcomfortzoneandacceptingnewchallenges.

Developanactionplan____17____Ifyouwanttolaunchabusiness,createatimelinethatoutlinesthestepsyouneedtotake.Ifyouhaveagoalofsavingmoremoney,drawupabudgetthatoutlinesyourincomeandexpenses.

Onceyouhavetheinitialvisionmappedout,breakdowneachstepintomanageablechunksandassignthemdeadlines.____18____Andasyoucompleteactionitemsandcrossthemoffyourlist,yourbigdauntinggoalwillstarttofeelmoreandmoreachievable.

TakerisksRiskismorethanjustafour-letterword—itisanessentialpartofachievingsuccess.Takingrisksmeansseekingoutnewopportunitiesandpushingyourselftoexpandyourcomfortzone.Ifyoufeelfrightenedorevenparalyzedbyrisk,recognizethatthereareonlytwopotentialoutcomes:successorfailure.____19____Byfollowingthesestrategiesandremainingdedicatedtoyourgoals,youcanempoweryourselftoreachforthestars!____20____Youareonlyeverafewstepsawayfromfulfillmentandsuccess.A.Afterall,conqueringyourdreamsisnoeasytask.B.Andtheexperiencegainedfromeitherisinvaluable.C.Sogetoutthereandstartmakingyourdreamsarealitytoday!D.Inmanycases,thiscourageisallthatstandsbetweenyouandyourdreams.E.Thiswillhelpyoutoprioritizeyoureffortsandstayfocusedonthetaskathand.F.Tomakeyourdreamsareality,youfirstmusttranslatethemintoactionablegoals.G.Thismeanshavingfaithinyourabilitiesandtrustingthatyoucanshapeyourfuture.【答案】16.G17.F18.E19.B20.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了掌控自己的生活并找到实现梦想的力量的方法，包括相信自己、制定行动计划和冒险。【16题详析】上文“Althoughitiseasiersaidthandone,havingastrongbeliefinyourselfisthefirststeptosuccessfullyachievingyourdreams.(虽然说起来容易做起来难，但拥有强烈的自信是成功实现梦想的第一步)”提出自信的重要性，G选项“Thismeanshavingfaithinyourabilitiesandtrustingthatyoucanshapeyourfuture.(这意味着相信自己的能力，相信自己能够塑造未来)”对上文进行解释，说明相信自己的具体含义，上下文逻辑关系紧密。故选G项。【17题详析】下文“Ifyouwanttolaunchabusiness,createatimelinethatoutlinesthestepsyouneedtotake.Ifyouhaveagoalofsavingmoremoney,drawupabudgetthatoutlinesyourincomeandexpenses.(如果你想创业，制定一个时间表，列出你需要采取的步骤。如果你有存钱的目标，制定一个预算，列出你的收入和支出)”举例说明了如何将梦想转化为可操作的目标，F选项“Tomakeyourdreamsareality,youfirstmusttranslatethemintoactionablegoals.(要使梦想成为现实，你首先必须将它们转化为可操作的目标)”总领下文，提出将梦想转化为可操作目标的建议，上下文衔接自然。故选F项。【18题详析】上文“Onceyouhavetheinitialvisionmappedout,breakdowneachstepintomanageablechunksandassignthemdeadlines.(一旦你制定了初步的愿景，将每个步骤分解成可管理的部分，并为它们分配最后期限)”介绍了制定计划的具体步骤，E选项“Thiswillhelpyoutoprioritizeyoureffortsandstayfocusedonthetaskathand.(这将帮助你确定工作的优先级，并专注于手头的任务)”说明这样做的好处，即有助于确定工作的优先级并保持专注，上下文逻辑合理。故选E项。【19题详析】上文“Takingrisksmeansseekingoutnewopportunitiesandpushingyourselftoexpandyourcomfortzone.Ifyoufeelfrightenedorevenparalyzedbyrisk,recognizethatthereareonlytwopotentialoutcomes:successorfailure.(冒险意味着寻找新的机会，推动自己扩大舒适区。如果你感到害怕甚至被风险麻痹，要认识到只有两种潜在的结果：成功或失败)”阐述了冒险的意义以及可能的结果，B选项“Andtheexperiencegainedfromeitherisinvaluable.(从任何一种结果中获得的经验都是无价的)”进一步说明无论成功还是失败，从中获得的经验都是宝贵的，句中“fromeither”与上文中“successorfailure”相照应。故选B项。【20题详析】上文“Byfollowingthesestrategiesandremainingdedicatedtoyourgoals,youcanempoweryourselftoreachforthestars!(通过遵循这些策略并始终专注于你的目标，你可以赋予自己力量去追求星辰!)”鼓励读者采取行动实现梦想，C选项“Sogetoutthereandstartmakingyourdreamsarealitytoday!(所以，走出去，从今天开始让你的梦想成为现实!)”承接上文，再次强调要付诸行动，与文章主题相符。故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyfamilyhavelivedintheMaranhãoregionofnorthernBrazilforgenerations.Forcenturies,mypeoplehave____21____thenaturalworldthere,lookingaftertheAmazonrainforest.Ourtraditionshelpussustaintheenvironment,and____22____natureprovidesforus:treesgiveusfoodandmedicine.

Ourcommunityinherited(继承)ourcustomsfromthosewhowentbeforeus.Also____23____tous,however,wastheneedto____24____.Since1500,ourlandhasbeenunderconstant____25____.Ourenvironmentisbeingdestroyedforcapitalistgreedandgain.

Asachild,mygrandfather____26____allthistome.Heunderstoodthedangerspeopleandtheplanet____27____.He’snolongerwithus,butIcontinuehislegacy(遗产),becausethethreathasgot____28____inrecentdecades.Aroundusareillegal____29____,huntingandmining.

Wetakemattersintoourownhandstoprotectourland.WefoundedtheGuardiansoftheForest.Whenweseeanillegalcampor____30____anewincursion(入侵),weGuardianshavea(n)____31____—ourknowledgeoftheforestrunsfardeeperthantheirs.Ournetworkscooperate,studythearea,andpreparetoact.Welookforthebestwayto____32____whileminimizingtheriskstooursafety.

Weagreeontactics(战术),thensurroundthecamps,anddestroytheirequipmentandtrucks,leavingthemwithnochoicebuttogo____33____.

Ourresistanceis____34____.In2012,wefound72illegalentrypointsintoourlandwhichneeded____35____.Today,thereareonlyfive.21.A.developed B.preserved C.shaped D.explored22.A.inreturn B.bychance C.onpurpose D.todate23.A.givenaway B.calledon C.passeddown D.leftbehind24.A.tolerate B.adapt C.struggle D.fight25.A.attack B.watch C.guidance D.stress26.A.referred B.explained C.exposed D.owed27.A.caused B.presented C.faced D.recognize28.A.milder B.worse C.rarer D.clearer29.A.shipping B.spying C.climbing D.logging30.A.identify B.empty C.escape D.oppose31.A.duty B.mercy C.excuse D.advantage32.A.stay B.launch C.approach D.submit33.A.camping B.racing C.packing D.hiking34.A.fading B.working C.declining D.beginning35.A.closing B.improving C.reserving D.expanding【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.B29.D30.A31.D32.C33.C34.B35.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者一家世代生活在巴西北部的马拉尼昂地区，一直保护着亚马逊雨林，但近几十年来，土地遭受非法入侵，他们成立了森林守护者组织来保护土地，且成效显著。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个世纪以来，我们的人民一直保护着那里的自然世界，照料着亚马逊雨林。A.developed发展；B.preserved保护；C.shaped塑造；D.explored探索。根据后文“lookingaftertheAmazonrainforest”可知，当地的人们在保护自然世界。故选B项。【22题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们的传统帮助我们维持环境，作为回报，大自然为我们提供食物和药物。A.inreturn作为回报；B.bychance偶然；C.onpurpose故意地；D.todate到目前为止。根据前文“Ourtraditionshelpussustaintheenvironment”和后文“natureprovidesforus”可知，保护环境的传统让大自然为人类提供食物和药物，这是大自然的回报。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，同样传承给我们的，还有斗争的需要。A.givenaway赠送；B.calledon呼吁；C.passeddown传递，传承；D.leftbehind留下。根据前文“Ourcommunityinherited(继承)ourcustomsfromthosewhowentbeforeus.”和“Also”可知，除了习俗，还有其它东西也被传承了下来。故选C项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，同样传承给我们的，还有斗争的需要。A.tolerate容忍；B.adapt适应；C.struggle斗争；D.fight战斗。根据后文“Ourenvironmentisbeingdestroyedforcapitalistgreedandgain.”可推知，要与破坏环境的行为作斗争。故选D项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自1500年以来，我们的土地一直受到不断的攻击。A.attack攻击；B.watch观察；C.guidance指导；D.stress压力。根据后文“Ourenvironmentisbeingdestroyedforcapitalistgreedandgain.”可知，土地遭到破坏和攻击。故选A项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我的祖父向我解释了这一切。A.referred参考；B.explained解释；C.exposed暴露；D.owed欠。后文“allthistome”中指示代词this指代上文提到的“Since1500,ourlandhasbeenunderconstant.Ourenvironmentisbeingdestroyedforcapitalistgreedandgain.”，结合“Asachild”可推知，这些情况是作者小时候祖父解释给他听的。故选B项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他了解人类和地球面临的危险。A.caused引起；B.presented呈现；C.faced面对；D.recognize认识。根据前文“thedangerspeopleandtheplanet...”和后文“ Icontinuehislegacy(遗产),becausethethreathasgot

inrecentdecades.”可知，人类和地球共同面临着威胁和危险。故选C项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经不在了，但我继续他的遗志，因为威胁在最近几十年变得更糟了。A.milder更温和的；B.worse更糟的；C.rarer更稀有的；D.clearer更清楚的。根据后文“Aroundusareillegal,huntingandmining.”可知，与之前对土地的破坏相比，威胁变得更糟了。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们周围都是非法伐木、狩猎和采矿。A.shipping运输；B.spying侦察；C.climbing攀登；D.logging伐木。根据前文“illegal”和后文“huntingandmining”可知，指在亚马逊雨林里发生的非法活动，非法伐木符合语境。故选D项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们看到一个非法营地或发现新的入侵时，我们守护者有一个优势——我们对森林的了解比他们深得多。A.identify发现，识别；B.empty清空；C.escape逃跑；D.oppose反对。根据前文“Whenweseeanillegalcamp or...”可知，与“看到一个非法营地”并列，“发现新的入侵”符合语境。故选A项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们看到一个非法营地或发现新的入侵时，我们守护者有一个优势——我们对森林的了解比他们深得多。A.duty职责；B.mercy仁慈；C.excuse借口；D.advantage优势。根据后文“ourknowledgeoftheforestrunsfardeeperthantheirs”可知，守护者更了解森林，与入侵者相比，更有优势。故选D项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们寻求最佳的处理方式，同时将对自身安全的风险降到最低。A.stay停留；B.launch发起；C.approach着手处理，对付；D.submit提交。根据后文“whileminimizingtheriskstooursafety”可知，作者要在保证安全的情况下，再着手处理非法营地或者入侵者。故选C项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们商定战术，然后包围营地，摧毁他们的设备和卡车，让他们别无选择，只能收拾行李离开。A.camping露营；B.racing比赛；C.packing收拾(行李)；D.hiking徒步旅行。根据前文“destroytheirequipmentandtrucks”可知，入侵者的设备和卡车被破坏，别无选择，只能收拾行李离开。故选C项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的抵抗正在起作用。A.fading褪色；B.working起作用；C.declining下降；D.beginning开始。根据后文“In2012,wefound72illegalentrypointsintoourlandwhichneeded.Today,thereareonlyfive.”可知，非法入境点减少了，抵抗正在起作用。故选B项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2012年，我们发现了72个需要关闭的非法入境点。A.closing关闭；B.improving改善；C.reserving预订；D.expanding扩大。根据前文“wefound72illegalentrypointsintoourland”可知，既然是非法入境点，那就需要关闭。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Twobronzesculptures(铜像)ofthegreatChinesephilosophersConfuciusandLaoTzu____36____(show)inMayatBatlleParkinMontevideo,thecapitalofUruguay(乌拉圭).Theartwork,namedInSearchofWisdom—ConfuciusAskingLaoTzuAbouttheTao,ismadeupoftwofigures____37____(stand)7.8metrestall.ItisaworkcreatedbyWuWeishan,awell-knownsculptor.

ThesculpturesshowConfuciusaskingLaoTzuabouttheTao,a____38____(centre)ideainTaoism.In2018,LuciaTopolansky,thenvice-presidentofUruguay,madeaspecialtrip____39____Wu’sworkshopduringhervisittoChina.Immediately____40____(attract)bythesculptures,shetoldWuthatshewantedthemtofindahomeinUruguayin____41____hopeofmakingfuturegenerationslistentothehistoricdialoguebe