江西省赣州市2025-2026学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江西省赣州市2025-2026学年高二上学期期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVoxMundiUniversity(VMU)isoneoftheworld’sleadinguniversities,knownforinnovation,creativityandresearch.WearenowseekingexceptionalscholarstojoinusasAssistantProfessors/AssociateProfessors/Professors/ChairProfessors(onsubstantiation-track)inallacademicfieldswithspecialfocusesonOneHealth,DigitalSociety,SmartCity,Matter,Brain,andrelatedinterdisciplinary(跨学科的)areas.Researchfieldsofparticularinterestinclude,butnotlimitedto:◆biomedicalscienceandengineering◆veterinaryscience◆computerscienceanddatascience◆neuroscienceandneuralengineering◆bio-statisticsandAI-healthcare◆AI/robotics/autonomoussystems◆aerospaceandmicroelectronicsengineering◆computationalsocialsciencesSuccessfulcandidatesshouldhaveademonstratedabilitytobuildaworld-classresearchprogrammerelatedtoVoxMundiUniversity(VMU)strategicresearchareas,plusacommitmenttoeducationandstudentmentorship.Candidatesmustpossessadoctorateintheirrespectivefieldbythetimeofappointment.PleaseclickheretovisitColleges,SchoolsandDepartmentsinVoxMundiUniversity:https://.vmu/academic/colleges-schools-and-departmentsVoxMundiUniversityisanequalopportunityemployer.Wearecommittedtotheprincipleofdiversity.Personaldataprovidedbyapplicantswillbeusedforrecruitmentandotheremployment-relatedpurposes.1.Whatisamust-haverequirementforthesuccessfulcandidates?A.Adoctorateintheirownfield.B.Richexperienceinstudentmentorship.C.Agoodknowledgeofinterdisciplinaryareas.D.Theabilitytosetupaninternationalresearchteam.2.WhatdoweknowaboutVoxMundiUniversity?A.Itmainlyhireslocalcandidates.B.Itusesdataforacademicpurposes.C.Itwillkeepapplicantdatasecretforever.D.Itensuresfairtreatmentandvaluesdiversity.3.Whatisthetext?A.Ashortstory. B.Ascientificreport.C.Auniversityintroduction. D.Ajobadvertisement.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍沃克斯蒙迪大学面向各学术领域招聘教职人员，列明研究方向、任职要求，还说明学校秉持平等招聘、重视多元的原则。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Candidatesmustpossessadoctorateintheirrespectivefieldbythetimeofappointment.(候选人必须在任命时持有其相关领域的博士学位。)”可知，成功应聘者的必备要求是拥有所属领域的博士学位。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第六段中的“VoxMundiUniversityisanequalopportunityemployer.Wearecommittedtotheprincipleofdiversity.(沃克斯蒙迪大学是平等机会雇主。我们秉持多元性的原则。)”可知，该大学保障应聘者受到公平对待，并且重视多元发展。故选D项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“WearenowseekingexceptionalscholarstojoinusasAssistantProfessors/AssociateProfessors/Professors/ChairProfessors(onsubstantiation-track)inallacademicfieldswithspecialfocusesonOneHealth,DigitalSociety,SmartCity,Matter,Brain,andrelatedinterdisciplinary(跨学科的)areas.(我校现面向各学术领域诚聘优秀学者加盟，受聘岗位为助理教授/副教授/教授/讲席教授（终身教职轨），重点招聘方向为同一健康、数字社会、智慧城市、物质科学、脑科学及相关跨学科领域。)”，并结合全文列明招聘岗位、研究方向、任职要求等内容可知，本文是一则大学的招聘广告。故选D项。B“Lotsofcoffee.”That’showStacyNichols,themanagerofaStarbucksstoreinCalifornia,describesherdays.Shesupervises26staffatherstore.She’slovingit.However,afewyearsago,Stacywasinamuchdifferentplace.Butalittlebananaloaf,andalotofinnerstrengthhelpedchangeherlife.“Whenyou’reinanabusive(虐待的)relationship,yourwholelifeturnsupsidedown,”shesaid.In2015,that’swhatStacywasfacing.ButthatChristmas,shemadeachange.“Idecidedtotakethefirststeptoreclaimmylifeandleave,”shesaid.“Ipackedupmystuffandwenttoashelter.”Whenshegotthere,Stacyhadaplacetostayandfreshmealseveryday.“WhenIwalkedintothekitchen,therewasaplateofStarbuckspastries.Isattherewithmylittlebananaloafandsaidtomyself,‘OK,everything’sgoingtobeOK.’”TheshelterStacystayedatreceivedfoodthroughtheStarbucksFoodSharefooddonationprogram.Throughtheprogram,Starbucksdonatesunsoldready-to-eatmealsfromlocalstoressuchasbreakfastsandwiches,proteinboxes,pastriesandmore.Thishigh-qualityfoodwouldbeotherwiseburiedunderground.Stacy’sbraveryandstrengthpushedhertoleaveherabuserforgood.And,thestabilityandsupportfromtheshelterhelpedtoo.Now,Stacyhasanopportunitytogivealittleback.HerStarbucksstoreisalsopartoftheFoodShareprogram,donatingunsoldfoodtofoodpantriesandotherprogramsinherarea.BecauseofthededicationofStacyandherstaff,they’reabletoprovidealittleextrahelp—andmaybesomebananaloaf—topeoplefacinghungerinhercommunity.4.WhatdidStacyNicholsdoonChristmasin2015?A.Sheleftherabuserforashelter.B.Shestartedmakingbananaloaf.C.SheworkedataStarbucksstore.D.SheturnedtotheFoodShareprogram.5.WhatcanweknowabouttheStarbucksFoodShareprogram?A.Itsellsunsoldfoodatlowerprices.B.Ithelpsreducefoodwasteeffectively.C.ItwascreatedespeciallytohelpStacy.D.Itprovidesfreecoffeetoshelterresidents.6.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesStacyNichols?A.Diligentanddevoted. B.Outgoingandconfident.C.Braveandgrateful. D.Ambitiousandindependent.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofcoffeeindailylife.B.Awoman’sjourneyfromreceivingtogiving.C.Afooddonationprogramforreducingwaste.D.ThechallengesofmanagingaStarbucksstore.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述星巴克店长斯泰西曾受虐待，在收容所因星巴克捐赠的食物获得慰藉，如今她带领门店参与捐赠项目，将温暖传递给他人的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Idecidedtotakethefirststeptoreclaimmylifeandleave,”shesaid.“Ipackedupmystuffandwenttoashelter.(她说：“我决定迈出第一步，重新找回自己的生活，然后离开。我收拾好东西，去了收容所。”)”以及第四段中的“In2015,that’swhatStacywasfacing.ButthatChristmas,shemadeachange.(2015年，斯泰西就面临着这样的处境。但那年圣诞节，她做出了改变。)”可知，2015年圣诞节斯泰西离开施虐者去了收容所。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第八段中的“Throughtheprogram,Starbucksdonatesunsoldready-to-eatmealsfromlocalstoressuchasbreakfastsandwiches,proteinboxes,pastriesandmore.Thishigh-qualityfoodwouldbeotherwiseburiedunderground.(通过该项目，星巴克将当地门店未售出的即食食品捐赠出去，比如早餐三明治、蛋白盒、糕点等。否则这些高品质的食物就会被填埋。)”可知，星巴克食品共享项目将原本会被填埋的未售出食品捐赠出去，能有效减少食物浪费。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第九段中的“Stacy’sbraveryandstrengthpushedhertoleaveherabuserforgood.(斯泰西的勇气和毅力促使她永远离开了施虐者。)”以及尾段中的“Now,Stacyhasanopportunitytogivealittleback.HerStarbucksstoreisalsopartoftheFoodShareprogram,donatingunsoldfoodtofoodpantriesandotherprogramsinherarea.(现在，斯泰西有机会回馈社会了。她所在的星巴克门店也参与了食品共享项目，将未售出的食物捐赠给当地的食品救济站和其他相关项目。)”可知，斯泰西既勇敢又懂得感恩。故选C项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述斯泰西曾是受虐者，在收容所接受了星巴克食品共享项目的帮助，如今她成为星巴克店长，带领门店参与该项目为他人提供帮助，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是她从接受帮助到回馈他人的人生历程。故选B项。CIt’sthemorningofyourbigexam,andyou’repanickingbecauseyouhaven’tbeentoasingleclassallsemester.Thankfully,it’sjustadream.Butwhyareyoustillhavingschool-relateddreamsyearsaftergraduating?Dr.AlexDimitriu,apsychiatristandsleepmedicinedoctorinMenloPark,Calif.,saysthatdreamsoffeelingunpreparedcanarisefromstressinyourday-to-daylife.Butdreamingspecificallyaboutfeelingunpreparedatschool,hesays,couldbebecausethosearesuchformativeyearsinpeople’slives.“Foralotofus,schoolisreallythefirsttimethatwegotthatfeelingofstressfulnon-preparation,”hesays.Anotherexplanation,accordingtoSeltermanan,anassociateteachingprofessorofpsychologyatJohnsHopkinsUniversitywhoresearchesdreaming,isthatpeoplemayberemindedofschoolbasedonthetimeofyear.Forinstance,theendofAugustandbeginningofSeptembermaytriggermorememoriesordreamsofschool,sincethat’swhentheacademicyearstarts.Thesetypesofdreamsaresocommonthathavingthemeveryonceinawhileisn’ttypicallysomethingtobeconcernedabout.Butifyou’rehavingthemalot,thatcouldbeasignofanotherissue,suchashavingtoomuchstressinyourlife.Dimitriurecommendsthatpeopletryaddressingthatstresseitherbymakingachangeintheirlifetoeliminateitorfindingwaystocopewithit.Somepeoplemayalsohaveweirdorstressfuldreamsbecauseofpoorsleephygiene(卫生),Dimitriusays.Herecommendsthatpeoplegotobedandwakeupatroughlythesametimeeachday,andavoideatinglargemealsordrinkingalcoholbeforegoingtosleep.Andheencouragespeopletoschedulesometimetounwindbeforebed.“Thehumanbraincan’tgofrom100milesperhourtozeroin20minutes,”hesays.Stressdreamsare“aremindertofocusonrelaxing,andaremindertofocusonsleep,”Dimitriusays.“Icannotunderscoreenoughhowimportantsleepis.”8.Whydoestheauthormentionthedreamhehad?A.Toleadintoatopic. B.Tosupportanidea.C.Toexplainaconcept. D.Topresentanexample.9.Whatcanweknowaboutfrequentschool-relateddreams?A.Theyareanormalphenomenon.B.Theymayindicategreatstressinlife.C.Theyhappenduringthesummerholiday.D.Theylargelyreflectunhappyschoolexperiences.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unwind”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Reflect. B.Stretch. C.Prepare. D.Relax.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.HowYouManageStressbeforeBedtimeB.WhenStressDreamsMostLikelyHappenC.WhyYoustillHaveStressDreamsaboutSchoolD.HowYouRemoveStressfulSchool-RelatedDreams【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章解析了毕业多年仍做上学相关压力梦的原因，包括日常压力、季节联想，还给出了减少此类梦境的建议，强调睡眠和放松的重要性。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“It’sthemorningofyourbigexam,andyou’repanickingbecauseyouhaven’tbeentoasingleclassallsemester.Thankfully,it’sjustadream.Butwhyareyoustillhavingschool-relateddreamsyearsaftergraduating?(今天是你大考的日子，可你却慌作一团——这学期你一节课都没去上。幸好，这只是个梦。但为什么毕业多年后，你还会反复做和上学相关的梦呢？)”以及下文内容可知，作者提及这个梦境是为了引出毕业多年仍做上学相关压力梦的原因这一文章主题。故选A项。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Butifyou’rehavingthemalot,thatcouldbeasignofanotherissue,suchashavingtoomuchstressinyourlife.(但如果你频繁做这类梦，这可能是另一个问题的信号，比如生活中的压力过大。)”可知，频繁做和上学相关的梦可能表明生活中存在巨大的压力。故选B项。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Herecommendsthatpeoplegotobedandwakeupatroughlythesametimeeachday,andavoideatinglargemealsordrinkingalcoholbeforegoingtosleep.Andheencouragespeopletoschedulesometimetounwindbeforebed.“Thehumanbraincan’tgofrom100milesperhourtozeroin20minutes,”hesays.(他建议人们每天大致在同一时间睡觉和起床，睡前避免吃大餐或饮酒。同时他鼓励大家在睡前安排一些时间unwind。“人类的大脑不可能在20分钟内从高速运转瞬间切换到静止状态，”他说道。)”并结合大脑需要从活跃到平静的过渡可推断，“unwind”意为“放松”。故选D项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“It’sthemorningofyourbigexam,andyou’repanickingbecauseyouhaven’tbeentoasingleclassallsemester.Thankfully,it’sjustadream.Butwhyareyoustillhavingschool-relateddreamsyearsaftergraduating?(今天是你大考的日子，可你却慌作一团——这学期你一节课都没去上。幸好，这只是个梦。但为什么毕业多年后，你还会反复做和上学相关的梦呢？)”可知，文章以毕业多年仍做上学相关的压力梦为切入点，介绍了心理学家对这类梦境产生的原因分析，还说明频繁做此类梦的潜在问题及改善建议。所以C项WhyYoustillHaveStressDreamsaboutSchool(为什么你仍然对学校有压力梦)符合语境。故选C项。DPlasticpollutionremainsoneofthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemsworldwide.Formanyyears,scientistshavetriedtocreateworkablebiodegradable(可生物降解的)alternatives.However,manyplastics,includingthoseusingnaturalmaterialslikebambooorseaweed,haveoftenbeendifficulttobreakdowneffectivelyonalargescale,limitingtheirreal-worlduse.AnimportantstepforwardnowcomesfromresearchatRutgersUniversity,inspiredbynature’sownefficientsystems.NoticingthatnaturalmaterialssuchasDNAbreakdownrelativelyeasily,researchersfoundthereason:thesebiologicalmolecules(分子)containspecialbuilt-inchemicalpartsknownas“neighbouringgroups.”Thesegroupshelpthematerialbreakdownfromwithin.Bycreatingartificialversionsofthesepartsandaddingthemduringtheplastic-makingprocess,scientistscannowdesignmaterialswithaspecific,plannedlifespan—whethermeanttolastdays,months,oryears.Thisnewtechnologyistocreateplasticswithfinely-tunedlifespansthatcouldquicklybreakdown,showinggreatpromiseforshort-useitems.Productslikefoodpackagingandothershort-livedconsumermaterialscouldbemadetostaystrongduringusebutdegradesafelysoonafter,offeringaclearenvironmentalbenefit.However,thetechnologyhaslimits.Itisnotyetsuitableforlong-termuseswherematerialsmuststaystrongfordecades,suchasinbuildingsorcars.AnothercurrentdrawbackisitsneedforUVlight,includingordinarysunlight,tostartthebreaking-downprocess.Thismeansplasticsthrownawayinlandfillsorcoveredupwillnotbreakdownastheyshould.Keyissuesmustbesolvedbeforewideuse.Thesafetyofthesmallpiecesleftafterbreakdownneedscarefultestingtomakesuretheyarenotharmfultonature.Scientistsarestillworkingtoimprovethesystem,mainlyaimingtoenabledecomposition(分解)withoutlightexposure.Still,thisprogressincreatingplasticswithaplannedlifespanisasignificantmoveforward.Bybuildingcontrolledbreakdownintothematerialitself,itopensapracticalpathtowardsmarterplasticsthatdotheirjobandthensafelydisappear,whichcouldhelpreducethelastingproblemofplasticpollution.12.Whatistheadvantageofthenewplasticdevelopedbyresearchers?A.It’sstrongerthantraditionalplastic.B.Itsbreakdowntimecanbepreciselyset.C.Itdecomposesfasterthanregularplastic.D.It’smadeentirelyfromnaturalmaterials.13.Whatenablesthenewplastictobreakdown?A.Beingburiedundergroundformonths.B.Exposuretohightemperaturesinlandfills.C.Naturalmaterialslikeseaweedorbamboo.D.Specialchemicalgroupsaddedduringproduction.14.Whatcanweknowaboutthedecompositionprocess?A.Itworksbetterinwetconditions.B.Itrequireshightemperaturestostart.C.Darkenvironmentspreventdecomposition.D.Thebreakdownproductsaredefinitelysafe.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthethenewtechnology?A.Useless. B.Promising. C.Perfect. D.Impractical.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。罗格斯大学研发出可预设降解时间的新型塑料，添特殊化学基团、需紫外线启动分解，虽存局限但为缓解塑料污染提供了实用路径。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Bycreatingartificialversionsofthesepartsandaddingthemduringtheplastic-makingprocess,scientistscannowdesignmaterialswithaspecific,plannedlifespan—whethermeanttolastdays,months,oryears.(科学家通过人工合成这些成分，并在塑料的生产过程中将其添加进去，如今已能设计出具备特定、预设使用寿命的材料——其使用时长可按需求设定为数日、数月乃至数年。)”可知，这款新塑料的优势是其分解时间可以被精确设定。故选B项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“NoticingthatnaturalmaterialssuchasDNAbreakdownrelativelyeasily,researchersfoundthereason:thesebiologicalmolecules(分子)containspecialbuilt-inchemicalpartsknownas“neighbouringgroups.”Thesegroupshelpthematerialbreakdownfromwithin.Bycreatingartificialversionsofthesepartsandaddingthemduringtheplastic-makingprocess,scientistscannowdesignmaterialswithaspecific,plannedlifespan—whethermeanttolastdays,months,oryears.(研究人员发现，DNA等天然材料相对易分解，究其原因，是这些生物分子中含有一种名为“相邻基团”的特殊内置化学结构。这类基团能助力材料从内部实现分解。科学家通过人工合成该结构，并在塑料的生产过程中将其添加进去，如今已能设计出具备特定预设使用寿命的材料——其使用时长可按需设定为数日、数月乃至数年。)”可知，是生产过程中添加的特殊化学基团让新塑料能够分解。故选D项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“AnothercurrentdrawbackisitsneedforUVlight,includingordinarysunlight,tostartthebreaking-downprocess.Thismeansplasticsthrownawayinlandfillsorcoveredupwillnotbreakdownastheyshould.(目前的另一个缺点是，它需要紫外线（包括普通阳光）来启动分解过程。这意味着被扔进垃圾填埋场或被遮盖的塑料将无法正常分解。)”可知，黑暗的环境会阻碍其分解。故选C项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still,thisprogressincreatingplasticswithaplannedlifespanisasignificantmoveforward.Bybuildingcontrolledbreakdownintothematerialitself,itopensapracticalpathtowardsmarterplasticsthatdotheirjobandthensafelydisappear,whichcouldhelpreducethelastingproblemofplasticpollution.(尽管如此，在研发具有预设使用寿命的塑料方面取得的这一进展，仍是一项意义重大的突破。通过在材料本身融入可控降解设计，这种技术为研发更智能的塑料开辟了切实可行的路径——这类塑料既能发挥其应有功能，随后又能安全降解，进而有望缓解塑料污染这一长期存在的难题。)”可知，作者认为这项新技术是有前景的。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Socialanxietycanturnsimpleconversationsintostressfulexperiences.Itmaymakeyoufeellikeeveryoneiswatchingyou,orthatyourwordswon’tbegoodenough.Thisoftenleadstophysicalsymptomslikeafastheartordizziness,andmentalblockslikeablankmind.____16____Practiceinlow-pressuresettings.Beforebigeventslikereunions,chatwithwaitersorneighborsorco-workers.____17____Theyarejustalow-pressurewaytobuildself-esteem.Overtime,you’llgainasenseofcomfortandconfidenceasyouventureintolargersocialsettings.Preparesomego-tophrases.Rehearse2-3simpleconversationstarters.Ifyou’reafoodie,findoutifyourconversationpartnerhastriedanygreatnewrestaurants.____18____Thishelpsyoukeeptheconversationgoingwithouthavingtofreezeandleavetogotothebathroom.Usetheecho(回声)technique.____19____Forexample,iftheysay,“they’restrugglingatwork,”youcanrepeatbacktheirwords,“Struggling?”They’llmostlikelybeginanexplanation.Thismakesthemfeelheardandkeepstheconversationgoingwithoutyouhavingtothinkofnewresponses.Findananchor.Holdacolddrinkortouchasmallobjectlikeafidgettoy.Suchphysicalactionscangiveyournervoussystemsomethingtoanchortowhenyou’refeelinganxious.Thiscanputyoubacktothepresentmomentandcontrolfeelingsofanxiety.____20____Tellfriendsyouneedtoleaveearly,oruselineslike“Itwasreallynicetalkingtoyou—I’mgoingtocheckinwithJane.”topolitelyendconversations.Thishelpsreduceanxietyaboutfeelingtrappedinaconversation.A.Haveanexitstrategyready.B.Expressyourneedshonestly.C.Thesesmallinteractionsdon’tneeddeepmeaning.D.Theywillbehappytosharemorestorieswithyou.E.Repeatwhatotherssayandencouragethemtoexplain.F.Herearesomepracticalstrategiestohelpyoutalkwithcalm.G.Youcanalsoaskabouttheirrecenttripsifyoulovetraveling.【答案】16.F17.C18.G19.E20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍五种应对社交焦虑、从容交流的实用策略，涵盖低压力练习、准备常用语、回声技巧等方面，帮助缓解社交中的紧张感。【16题详析】根据前文“Socialanxietycanturnsimpleconversationsintostressfulexperiences.Itmaymakeyoufeellikeeveryoneiswatchingyou,orthatyourwordswon’tbegoodenough.Thisoftenleadstophysicalsymptomslikeafastheartordizziness,andmentalblockslikeablankmind.(社交焦虑会让简单的交谈变成充满压力的经历。它可能会让你觉得所有人都在看着你，或者觉得自己的表达不够好。这通常会引发心跳加速、头晕等身体症状，还有大脑一片空白等思维阻滞的情况。)”以及后文的五个具体策略小标题可知，前文描述了社交焦虑带来的种种问题，后文将介绍解决办法，此空应引出下文的具体应对策略，F选项“Herearesomepracticalstrategiestohelpyoutalkwithcalm.(这里有一些实用的策略，能帮助你从容地与人交谈。)”承上启下，其中的somepracticalstrategies指代后文的各项具体方法，符合语境。故选F项。【17题详析】根据本段小标题“Practiceinlow-pressuresettings.(在低压力环境中练习。)”以及前文“Beforebigeventslikereunions,chatwithwaitersorneighborsorco-workers.(在聚会等大型活动前，和服务员、邻居或同事聊聊天。)”和后文“Theyarejustalow-pressurewaytobuildself-esteem.Overtime,you’llgainasenseofcomfortandconfidenceasyouventureintolargersocialsettings.(这些只是建立自尊的低压力方式。久而久之，当你尝试进入更大的社交场合时，会逐渐获得舒适感和自信心。)”可知，本段核心是在低压力场景进行简单社交练习，此空应说明这类简单交流的特点，即无需深层意义，C选项“Thesesmallinteractionsdon’tneeddeepmeaning.(这些简单的交流无需有深层的意义。)”中的Thesesmallinteractions指代前文和服务员、邻居等人的聊天，承接前文且引出后文该做法的作用，符合语境。故选C项。【18题详析】根据本段小标题“Preparesomego-tophrases.(准备一些常用语。)”以及前文“Rehearse2-3simpleconversationstarters.Ifyou’reafoodie,findoutifyourconversationpartnerhastriedanygreatnewrestaurants.(排练2-3个简单的开场白。如果你是美食爱好者，可以问问交谈对象是否去过什么不错的新餐厅。)”和后文“Thishelpsyoukeeptheconversationgoingwithouthavingtofreezeandleavetogotothebathroom.(这能帮助你让对话继续下去，而不会因紧张僵住，只好借故去洗手间离开。)”可知，本段核心是准备贴合自身喜好的聊天开场白，前文举了美食爱好者的例子，此空应再举一个不同喜好的开场白例子，G选项“Youcanalsoaskabouttheirrecenttripsifyoulovetraveling.(如果你喜欢旅行，也可以问问他们最近的出行经历。)”中的also承接前文的举例，且同样是贴合个人喜好的开场白，符合语境。故选G项。【19题详析】根据本段小标题“Usetheecho(回声)technique.(使用回声技巧。)”以及后文“Forexample,iftheysay,“they’restrugglingatwork,”youcanrepeatbacktheirwords,“Struggling?”They’llmostlikelybeginanexplanation.Thismakesthemfeelheardandkeepstheconversationgoingwithoutyouhavingtothinkofnewresponses.(例如，如果对方说“他们工作上遇到了困难”，你可以重复他们的话，“遇到困难了？”他们大概率会开始解释。这会让他们感觉被倾听，也能让对话继续下去，而你无需思考新的回应。)”可知，本段核心是阐释回声技巧的具体做法，此空应先点明该技巧的操作方式，E选项“Repeatwhatotherssayandencouragethemtoexplain.(重复别人说的话，鼓励他们进一步解释。)”精准概括了回声技巧的核心，且引出后文的举例说明，符合语境。故选E项。【20题详析】分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，概括本段核心内容，根据后文“Tellfriendsyouneedtoleaveearly,oruselineslike“Itwasreallynicetalkingtoyou—I’mgoingtocheckinwithJane.”topolitelyendconversations.Thishelpsreduceanxietyaboutfeelingtrappedinaconversation.(提前告诉朋友你需要早点离开，或者用“和你聊天很开心——我要去跟简打个招呼”这样的话礼貌地结束对话。这有助于缓解因感觉陷入对话而产生的焦虑。)”可知，本段核心是提前准备好礼貌结束对话的方法，避免因陷入对话而产生社交焦虑，A选项“Haveanexitstrategyready.(准备好离场的策略。)”能精准概括本段主题，符合语境。故选A项。第三部分：语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IgrewupoutsideSanmenxia,Henan,eastoftheQinlingMountains.Asachild,I____21____exploringnearbybambooforests,whereIcollectedeatablebambooshootsand____22____flexiblebamboofibersintotoys.MyfamilymovedwhenIwas5,butIalways____23____thegentlecurveofbambootrunksandtheir____24____tostaystableduringwildwinds.Myparents,bothhighschoolteachers,____25____metopursueaPhD.Ifollowedtheir____26____,joinedMathematicalOlympiadtrainingandfocusedonmyschoolwork.Butat16,mymotherdiedofcancer.Inmygrief,I____27____droppingoutofhighschoolto____28____myfamilyasachef.Mygradessankfromthetop10tothebottom10inmyclass.BeforeIgaveupmyeducation,myfather____29____meofthebambooforestsandsaid,“Likebamboo,_____30_____butdon’tbreak.”Reconnectingwiththebamboothatoncebroughtmejoy,Icontinuedmystudies.Myfather_____31_____mebamboocraftstoacknowledgemy_____32_____.Now,Iteachecologyandremotesensingtoundergraduateandgraduatestudentsandconductresearchtoraiseawarenessofsustainablebambooforestmanagement.Mystudents_____33_____measthe“bambooteacher,”andoftensharephotoswithmeofbamboothey’veencountered.Iam_____34_____tomyfatherforshowingmehowtodrawinspirationfrombamboo’spersistence,andwhenmystudentsface_____35_____,Iencouragethemtofindtheirown“bamboopaths”.21.A.avoided B.enjoyed C.hated D.feared22.A.crafted B.grew C.divided D.grouped23.A.forgot B.remembered C.ignored D.described24.A.freedom B.weakness C.difficulty D.capacity25.A.permitted B.forced C.encouraged D.helped26.A.wisdom B.influence C.advice D.guidance27.A.considered B.continued C.delayed D.imagined28.A.start B.support C.visit D.love29.A.reminded B.warned C.accused D.convinced30.A.defend B.resist C.bend D.expand31.A.gifted B.taught C.showed D.sold32.A.creativity B.talent C.courage D.persistence33.A.pointto B.respondto C.turnto D.referto34.A.polite B.grateful C.nice D.rude35.A.hobbies B.chances C.challenges D.rewards【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.A32.D33.D34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者受竹子坚韧品质启发走出低谷，如今以竹为喻教学并激励学生的人生经历。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小时候，我喜欢探索附近的竹林，在那里采摘可食用的竹笋，还用柔韧的竹纤维制作成玩具。A.avoided避免；B.enjoyed喜欢；C.hated讨厌；D.feared害怕。根据后文“Reconnectingwiththebamboothatoncebroughtmejoy”可知，竹林曾为作者带来快乐，因此作者儿时喜欢探索竹林。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：小时候，我喜欢探索附近的竹林，在那里采摘可食用的竹笋，还用柔韧的竹纤维制作成玩具。A.crafted制作；B.grew种植；C.divided划分；D.grouped分组。根据后文“flexiblebamboofibersintotoys”可知，作者将竹纤维制作成了玩具，o...为固定搭配表“把……制作成……”。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我五岁时全家搬了家，但我一直记得竹子那柔和的枝干弧度，以及它们在狂风中保持稳固的能力。A.forgot忘记；B.remembered记得；C.ignored忽视；D.described描述。根据前文“Asachild,I_______exploringnearbybambooforests”可知，作者儿时有探索竹林的美好经历，因此搬家后也一直记得竹子的特点。故选B项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我五岁时全家搬了家，但我一直记得竹子那柔和的枝干弧度，以及它们在狂风中保持稳固的能力。A.freedom自由；B.weakness弱点；C.difficulty困难；D.capacity能力。根据后文“tostaystableduringwildwinds”可知，在狂风中保持稳固是竹子所具备的一种能力。故选D项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母都是高中老师，他们鼓励我攻读博士学位。A.permitted允许；B.forced强迫；C.encouraged鼓励；D.helped帮助。根据后文“Ifollowedtheir_______,joinedMathematicalOlympiadtrainingandfocusedonmyschoolwork.”可知，作者听从父母的话专注学业，说明父母是鼓励作者攻读博士学位的。故选C项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听从了他们的建议，参加了数学奥林匹克训练，专注于我的学业。A.wisdom智慧；B.influence影响；C.advice建议；D.guidance指导。根据前文“Myparents,bothhighschoolteachers,_______metopursueaPhD.”以及后文作者的行动可知，作者听从了父母的建议，followone’sadvice意为“听从某人的建议”。故选C项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：沉浸在悲痛中，我考虑过退学去当厨师养家。A.considered考虑；B.continued继续；C.delayed推迟；D.imagined想象。根据后文“Mygradessankfromthetop10tothebottom10inmyclass.”可知，作者因母亲离世心情低落，产生了退学的想法，对此事进行过考虑。故选A项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：沉浸在悲痛中，我考虑过退学去当厨师养家。A.start开始；B.support供养；C.visit拜访；D.love爱。根据前文“at16,mymotherdiedofcancer”可知，母亲离世后家庭遭遇变故，作者想退学当厨师来供养家人，supportone’sfamily意为“养家糊口”。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我放弃学业之前，父亲提醒我想起那片竹林，并对我说：“要像竹子一样，弯曲但不折断。”A.reminded提醒；B.warned警告；C.accused控告；D.convinced说服。根据后文“ofthebambooforests”可知，父亲让作者想起儿时的竹林，remindsbofsth意为“提醒某人想起某事”。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我放弃学业之前，父亲提醒我想起那片竹林，并对我说：“要像竹子一样，弯曲但不折断。”A.defend防御；B.resist抵抗；C.bend弯曲；D.expand扩张。根据前文“Ialways_______thegentlecurveofbambootrunks”可知，竹子的枝干有着柔和的弧度，具备弯曲却不折断的特点。故选C项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲送给我竹制工艺品，以认可我的坚持。A.gifted赠送；B.taught教授；C.showed展示；D.sold售卖。根据前文作者重新振作继续学业的经历，以及后文“toacknowledgemypersistence”可知，父亲通过赠送竹制工艺品的方式认可并鼓励作者。故选A项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲送给我竹制工艺品，以认可我的坚持。A.creativity创造力；B.talent天赋；C.courage勇气；D.persistence坚持。根据前文作者走出丧母的低谷继续学业的经历，以及后文“drawinspirationfrombamboo’spersistence”可知，父亲认可的是作者面对困境时的坚持。故选D项。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的学生们称我为“竹子老师”，还经常和我分享他们偶遇竹子的照片。A.pointto指向；B.respondto回应；C.turnto求助于；D.referto把……称作。根据后文“asthe“bambooteacher,””可知，学生将作者称作“竹子老师”，refertosbas意为“把某人称作……”。故选D项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感激父亲让我学会从竹子的坚韧中汲取力量，当我的学生面临挑战时，我会鼓励他们找到属于自己的“竹径”。A.polite礼貌的；B.grateful感激的；C.nice美好的；D.rude粗鲁的。根据后文“forshowingmehowtodrawinspirationfrombamboo’spersistence”可知，作者因父亲的引导获得前行的力量，因此对父亲心怀感激。故选B项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感激父亲让我学会从竹子的坚韧中汲取力量，当我的学生面临挑战时，我会鼓励他们找到属于自己的“竹径”。A.hobbies爱好；B.chances机会；C.challenges挑战；D.rewards奖励。根据前文作者经历母亲离世、学业下滑的人生困境，以及“drawinspirationfrombamboo’spersistence”可知，作者从竹子的坚韧中获得面对困境的力量，也会在学生面临挑战时给予鼓励。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。InaBerlinstudio,IsmetHimmet,48,guidesstudentsthroughtheflowingmovementsoftaichi.HehasspentoverthreedecadesonChinesemartialarts,transforming____36____beganasapersonalpassionintoalifelongmissionof____37____(culture)exchange.Himmetfirstencounteredkungfuin1991andtraveledtoChinain2000tolearn____38____(direct)frommasters.In2006,heestablishedanacademyinBerlin,whichiscommittedtotheinternalmartialarts.Today,hisschooloffersclassesintaichi,baguazhang,xingyiquanandmore,____39____(attract)studentsofallages.Thousandsofkil