天津河东区2025-2026学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1天津河东区2025-2026学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题Ⅰ．听力理解(略)Ⅱ．单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.—I’mthinkingofquittingtheartcourse.It’smuchharderthanIthought.—______You’vealreadyputinalotofeffort.A.Nocomment. B.Youbet. C.Areyoukidding? D.Soundsgreat!【答案】C【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我在考虑放弃艺术课，它比我想象的难多了。——你在开玩笑吧？你已经付出了那么多努力了。A.Nocomment无可奉告（用于拒绝回应问题/评价）；B.Youbet当然；肯定（用于爽快应允或表赞同）；C.Areyoukidding?你在开玩笑吧？（用于对对方的想法表示惊讶、不认同，暗含劝解）；D.Soundsgreat!听起来太棒了！（用于赞同对方的提议/想法）。根据后文“You’vealreadyputinalotofeffort.”可知，你在开玩笑吧？你已经付出了那么多努力了。故选C项。2.Manypeoplehavea______forlivinginthecountrysidebecauseofthefreshairandpeacefulenvironment.A.preference B.licence C.security D.reform【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为新鲜的空气和宁静的环境，很多人偏爱住在乡下。A.preference偏爱；偏好；B.licence许可证；执照；C.security安全；保障；D.reform改革；改良。根据后文“becauseofthefreshairandpeacefulenvironment.”可知，因为新鲜的空气和宁静的环境，很多人偏爱住在乡下。故选A项。3.Asmembersoftheteam,everyoneshould______importantdecisions.A.relyon B.haveasayon C.switchon D.expandon【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为团队的一员，每个人都应该对重要决策有发言权。A.relyon依靠，依赖；B.haveasayon对……有发言权；C.switchon打开，开启；D.expandon详细阐述，进一步说明。根据前文“作为团队的一员”和后文“重要决策”的语境，团队成员理应对重要决策拥有表达意见的权利，haveasayon符合语境。故选B项。4.I______thismathproblemfortwohours,butIstillhaven’tworkeditout.A.havebeenworkingon B.haveworkedonC.wasworkingon D.willbeworkingon【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我已经研究这道数学题两个小时了，但还是没有解出来。根据“fortwohours”和“butIstillhaven’tworkeditout”可知，研究数学题的动作从过去开始持续到现在，并且可能还会继续持续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。故选A。5.Thedocument______bythesecretaryatthistimelastweek.A.wastyped B.wasbeingtypedC.hadbeentyped D.havebeentyping【答案】B【解析】考查动词语态。句意：这份文件在上周的这个时候正由秘书打印。句中时间状语atthistimelastweek是过去进行时的标志，且主语thedocument与动词type之间为被动关系，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故选B项。6.Thisreport______thecurrenteconomicsituationandofferssomesuggestionsforimprovement.A.isoccupiedwith B.isdistractedby C.isdevotedto D.isconcernedwith【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这份报告关注当前的经济形势，并提出了一些改进建议。A.isoccupiedwith忙于……；B.isdistractedby被……分心；C.isdevotedto致力于，献身于；D.isconcernedwith关注，与……相关。根据后文“offerssomesuggestionsforimprovement(提出改进建议)”可知，报告内容围绕当前经济形势展开，isconcernedwith符合“关注、涉及”的语境。故选D。7.Hisspeechwasso______thatmostoftheaudiencewerepersuadedtosupporthisideas.A.massive B.tiresome C.convincing D.steady【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的演讲如此有说服力，以至于大多数听众都被说服支持他的观点。A.massive大量的，巨大的；B.tiresome令人厌烦的；C.convincing有说服力的；D.steady稳定的。根据后文“mostoftheaudiencewerepersuadedtosupporthisideas(大多数听众被说服支持他的观点)”可知，演讲具备说服他人的效果，convincing符合语境。故选C。8.Theproject______bythetimethemanagerarrived.A.wasfinished B.finished C.hadfinished D.hadbeenfinished【答案】D【解析】考查时态语态。句意：经理到达时，项目已经完成了。根据“bythetimethemanagerarrived”可知，此处表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，且“Theproject”与“finish”之间是被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。9.______isreportedinthenewspaper______moreandmorepeoplearetakinguponlineshopping.A.That;that B.It;that C.This;what D.It;what【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：报纸上报道，越来越多的人开始进行网上购物。此处是固定句型Itbe+过去分词+that...，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，that引导的主语从句成分完整，仅起连接作用，无实际意义。故选B项。10.Thenewpolicyaimstogiveeverycitizenequalaccess______high-qualitymedicalservicesregardlessoftheirincomelevel.A.as B.for C.to D.with【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这项新政策旨在让每个公民无论收入水平如何，都能平等获得高质量的医疗服务。A.as作为，像；B.for为了，对于；C.to到，向；D.with和……一起，用。access后接介词to为固定搭配，意为“获得……的机会，使用……的权利”，equalaccesstosth.表示“平等获得某物”，契合本句语义。故选C项。11.Wehaveto______themeetinguntilnextweekbecausethemanagerisonabusinesstrip.A.putaside B.putaway C.putoff D.putup【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于经理正在出差，我们不得不将会议推迟到下周举行。A.putaside不考虑；B.putaway放好；C.putoff推迟；D.putup张贴。根据后文“becausethemanagerisonabusinesstrip”可知，因为经理出差而会议推迟。故选C。12.Youshouldnot______otherswhentheyarestudyingorworking.It’simpolite.A.disturb B.obey C.compete D.relieve【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：别人学习或工作时，你不应该去打扰他们。这是不礼貌的。A.disturb打扰，妨碍；B.obey遵守，服从；C.compete竞争，比赛；D.relieve缓解，减轻。根据后文“whentheyarestudyingorworking”和“It’simpolite”可知，在他人学习工作时做出的、被判定为不礼貌的行为是打扰对方，disturb符合语境。故选A项。13.Atthistimetomorrow,we______afootballmatchontheplayground.A.willplay B.willbeplaying C.havebeenplaying D.willbeplay【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：明天这个时候，我们将正在操场上踢足球。根据时间状语Atthistimetomorrow可知,此处表示将来某个具体时间正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，结构为willbedoing。故选B项。14.Weshouldlookatthisproblem______andanalyzeitbasedonthefacts.A.gradually B.instantly C.urgently D.objectively【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们应该客观地看待这个问题，并根据事实对其进行分析。A.gradually逐渐地；B.instantly立刻，马上；C.urgently迫切地，紧急地；D.objectively客观地。根据后文“andanalyzeitbasedonthefacts”可知，基于事实分析问题的前提是客观看待问题，objectively契合语义。故选D项。15.—IwanttobuyanewsmartphonebutI’mnotsurewhichonetopick.—______.Readsomeonlinereviewsandcomparetheirfeatures.A.Takeyourtime B.That’sadeal C.Noway D.Forgetit【答案】A【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——我想买一部新智能手机，但不确定选哪一款。——别着急。看看网上的评论，对比一下它们的功能。A.Takeyourtime别着急，慢慢来；B.That’sadeal一言为定，成交；C.Noway绝不，没门；D.Forgetit算了吧，别提了。根据语境，对方在纠结选手机，给出“看评论、对比功能”的建议，是让对方不用急、慢慢选，Takeyourtime符合该情景，故选A项。Ⅲ．完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Lifecanbeunexpectedlytough.Yet,evenindifficulttimes,encouragingwordsfromlovedones—especiallyparents—canbringour____16____backthateverythingwillbeOKagain.That’swhathappenedtoJessica,whowashavinga____17____timeattendingherclasses____18____aheartfeltnotefromherfatherjustmadeeverythingbetter.Jessicahadbeen____19____withhercourseworkforweeks.Her____20____wasfilledwithdifficultclasses,includingmath,biologyandliterature.Sheoftenstayeduplateintothenight,____21____tofinishassignments.Therewassomuch____22____thatshesometimesfeltlike____23____.Oneevening,afterhoursofstudying,she____24____herselfstaringatablankpage,feelingcompletely_____25_____.Justthen,herdadknockedgentlyonherdoorand_____26_____heracupofhotchocolate.“Takeabreak,sweetheart,”hesaidwithawarmsmile.Jessica_____27_____it,butshedidn’trealizehowmuchherdadwaspayingattentiontoher_____28_____.Thenextafternoon,assheopenedherbiologytextbook,she_____29_____ahandwrittennoteinside.Atfirst,shewas_____30_____,butwhenshereadthewords,tearswelledupinhereyes.Thenotebeganwithherfatherexpressinghow_____31_____hewasofher.“Rememberthatthedifficultieswefacetodayare_____32_____victorieswaitingtobewon,”headded.Further,hehighlightedthe_____33_____oflovingoneselfandshared,“Themostimportantpersonyouneedonyoursideisyourself.Cheerforyourself!”Readingthe_____34_____,Jessicafelt_____35_____tofaceanychallengeahead.16.A.trouble B.faith C.pressure D.worries17.A.stressful B.hopeful C.wonderful D.peaceful18.A.for B.so C.and D.when19.A.struggling B.connecting C.arguing D.agreeing20.A.opinion B.target C.package D.schedule21.A.deciding B.attempting C.pretending D.hesitating22.A.expectation B.intention C.pressure D.desire23.A.givingup B.passingdown C.showingup D.breakingin24.A.insisted B.found C.refused D.imagined25.A.relaxed B.excited C.tired D.nervous26.A.showed B.praised C.bought D.handed27.A.affected B.appreciated C.encouraged D.made28.A.struggles B.movement C.hope D.desire29.A.spotted B.wrote C.displayed D.admired30.A.anxious B.embarrassed C.worried D.surprised31.A.lucky B.comfortable C.proud D.successful32.A.lately B.merely C.hardly D.slowly33.A.preparation B.measure C.function D.importance34.A.paper B.note C.book D.letter35.A.forced B.required C.prepared D.stressed【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.A20.D21.B22.C23.A24.B25.C26.D27.B28.A29.A30.D31.C32.B33.D34.B35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述杰西卡因课业繁重深陷压力，父亲的暖心便签给予其鼓励，让她重拾勇气直面挑战的故事。【16题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，即便在艰难时刻，亲人——尤其是父母的鼓励话语，能让我们重拾信念，相信一切都会好起来。A.trouble麻烦；B.faith信念；C.pressure压力；D.worries担忧。根据后文“everythingwillbeOKagain”可知，鼓励的话语能让人重新拥有相信一切会变好的信念。故选B项。【17题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡的上课时光过得十分煎熬，就在这时，父亲一封真挚的便签让一切都变得美好起来。A.stressful充满压力的；B.hopeful充满希望的；C.wonderful极好的；D.peaceful平静的。根据后文“Jessicahadbeen_______withhercourseworkforweeks”可知，杰西卡为课业苦苦挣扎，因此上课时光充满压力、十分煎熬。故选A项。【18题详析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡的上课时光过得十分煎熬，就在这时，父亲一封真挚的便签让一切都变得美好起来。A.for因为；B.so因此；C.and和；D.when就在这时。根据前文杰西卡正经历课业的艰难时期，后文父亲的便签带来慰藉的语境可知，此处用when表“就在这时”衔接上下文。故选D项。【19题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡已经为课程作业苦苦挣扎了数周。A.struggling挣扎；B.connecting联系；C.arguing争论；D.agreeing同意。根据后文“Sheoftenstayeduplateintothenight”可知，杰西卡为完成作业熬夜，说明她一直为课程作业苦苦挣扎，strugglewith为固定搭配表“为……挣扎”。故选A项。【20题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的日程表上排满了难度不小的课程，包括数学、生物和文学。A.opinion观点；B.target目标；C.package包裹；D.schedule日程表。根据后文“filledwithdifficultclasses,includingmath,biologyandliterature”可知，此处指杰西卡的学习日程表中安排了诸多难学的课程。故选D项。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经常熬夜到深夜，试图完成作业。A.deciding决定；B.attempting试图；C.pretending假装；D.hesitating犹豫。根据前文“Sheoftenstayeduplateintothenight”可知，杰西卡熬夜的目的是试图完成堆积的作业。故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：压力如此之大，以至于她有时想要放弃。A.expectation期待；B.intention意图；C.pressure压力；D.desire渴望。根据前文“Jessicahadbeen_______withhercourseworkforweeks.”和“Sheoftenstayeduplateintothenight”可知，杰西卡为课业熬夜、苦苦挣扎，承受着巨大的学习压力。故选C项。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：压力如此之大，以至于她有时想要放弃。A.givingup放弃；B.passingdown传递；C.showingup出现；D.breakingin闯入。根据前文“Therewassomuch________”可知，巨大的压力让她产生了放弃的念头。故选A项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，经过数小时的学习后，她发现自己正盯着一张空白的纸，感到筋疲力尽。A.insisted坚持；B.found发现；C.refused拒绝；D.imagined想象。根据后文“staringatablankpage”可知，杰西卡学习数小时后无意间发现自己对着空白纸张发呆，findoneselfdoingsth为固定搭配表“发现自己正在做某事”。故选B项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，经过数小时的学习后，她发现自己正盯着一张空白的纸，感到筋疲力尽。A.relaxed放松的；B.excited兴奋的；C.tired疲惫的；D.nervous紧张的。根据前文“afterhoursofstudying”可知，长时间的学习让她感到身心疲惫。故选C项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，父亲轻轻敲了敲她的门，递给她一杯热巧克力。A.showed展示；B.praised表扬；C.bought购买；D.handed递给。根据后文“acupofhotchocolate”以及“Takeabreak,sweetheart”可知，父亲为让杰西卡休息，给她递上了热巧克力。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡很感激这份心意，却没意识到父亲对她的挣扎有多上心。A.affected影响；B.appreciated感激；C.encouraged鼓励；D.made制作。根据前文“Justthen,herdadknockedgentlyonherdoorand_______heracupofhotchocolate.“Takeabreak,sweetheart,”hesaidwithawarmsmile.”可知，父亲送来热巧克力并让她休息，由此可知，杰西卡对父亲的这份心意心怀感激。故选B项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰西卡很感激这份心意，却没意识到父亲对她的挣扎有多上心。A.struggles挣扎；B.movement行动；C.hope希望；D.desire渴望。根据前文“Jessicahadbeen________withhercourseworkforweeks.”可知，父亲一直关注着杰西卡在学习中遭遇的困难与挣扎。故选A项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天下午，当她打开生物课本时，发现里面有一张手写的便签。A.spotted发现；B.wrote写；C.displayed展示；D.admired钦佩。根据后文“ahandwrittennoteinside”可知，杰西卡打开课本时，无意间发现了里面的便签。故选A项。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，她感到很惊讶，可当她读到那些话时，眼泪涌上了眼眶。A.anxious焦虑的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.worried担忧的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据前文“shedidn’trealizehowmuchherdadwaspayingattentiontoher_______.”可知，杰西卡并未意识到父亲关注自己的挣扎，因此，突然在课本里发现父亲的手写便签时，内心感到惊讶。故选D项。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：便签的开头，父亲表达了对她的骄傲之情。A.lucky幸运的；B.comfortable舒适的；C.proud骄傲的；D.successful成功的。根据后文““Rememberthatthedifficultieswefacetodayare________victorieswaitingtobewon,”headded.”可知，父亲对杰西卡说了一系列鼓励的话语，由此可知，父亲为努力坚持的杰西卡感到骄傲，beproudof为固定搭配表“为……感到骄傲”。故选C项。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他还写道：“记住，我们今天面临的困难，不过是即将赢得的胜利。”A.lately最近；B.merely只不过、仅仅；C.hardly几乎不；D.slowly缓慢地。根据后文“victorieswaitingtobewon”可知，父亲想告诉杰西卡，眼前的困难并非不可战胜，只不过是即将到来的胜利的铺垫。故选B项。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，他还强调了爱自己的重要性，并分享道：“你身边最需要的人就是你自己，为自己喝彩吧！”A.preparation准备；B.measure措施；C.function功能；D.importance重要性。根据后文“Themostimportantpersonyouneedonyoursideisyourself”可知，父亲在便签中向杰西卡强调了学会爱自己的重要性。故选D项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：读完这张便签，杰西卡做好了面对未来任何挑战的准备。A.paper纸张；B.note便签；C.book书；D.letter信。根据前文“she________ahandwrittennoteinside.”和“whenshereadthewords”可知，此处指杰西卡读完这张充满鼓励的父亲的手写便签。故选B项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读完这张便签，杰西卡做好了面对未来任何挑战的准备。A.forced被迫的；B.required被要求的；C.prepared准备好的；D.stressed充满压力的。根据前文父亲便签中的一系列鼓励话语，以及杰西卡的情绪变化可知，父亲的鼓励让她重拾勇气，做好了面对未来挑战的准备，bepreparedtodosth为固定搭配表“准备好做某事”。故选C项。Ⅳ．阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALet’stakealookatthefollowingbookspublishedover10yearsago.Philip’sCompleteRoadAtlasBritainandIreland2014VotedBritain’sclearestandmostdetailedroadatlasinaconsumersurvey,the2014editionofPhilip’sCompleteRoadAtlasBritainandIrelandcontains160pagesofroadmapsandclearlymarkedserviceareas.B10132Paperback248pages£14.99£9.99TheWipersTimesTheWipersTimes,thewell-knowntrench(战壕)newspaperoftheFirstWorldWar,isauniquerecordoflifeontheFrontLine.Withanextraordinarymixofblackhumourandfunnyads,thiseditionenablesyoutoexperiencethespiritofthetrenchesfromthesafetyofyourarmchair.B10120Hardback388pages£9.99£7.99MaryBerryCooksThenation’sbest-lovedhomecookinvitesyoutosharethesecretsofherfavouritedishes.MaryBerryCooksfeaturesanall-newcollectionof100mouth-watering,simplerecipesforanyoccasion.Fromdeliciousdinnerstospecialsummerlunches,thisistheperfectkitchencompanion.B10062Hardback320pages£20.99£16.99Bradford’sCrosswordsolver’sDictionaryAnneR.Bradfordhasbeencompiling(编纂)herCrosswordsolver’sDictionarysince1957,sothislatesteditionisbasedonover50yearsofcrosswordsolvingEverywordinthisdictionaryhasappearedasasolutiontoarealcrosswordclue.Witheasy-to-readcleartextdesign,thisisaninvaluablereferenceforbothdifficultandquickcrosswords.B10134Paperback896pages£12.99£9.99ComputingforSeniorsThisleadingcomputerguideexplainsineasystepshowtousetheInternet,email,Skypeandonlineshopping,plushowtomanageyourcomputersettingssafelyandsecurely.UpdatedforWindows8andforOffice2013,italsosetsouttomakeTabletPCs,touchscreensandappseasiertobeused,togiveyouconfidenceinyourcomputingskills.B10133Paperback240pages£10.99£9.9936.Ifyou’reinterestedinthewaryearswhichbookmayyouchoose?A.B10062 B.B10134C.B10132 D.B1012037.WhatcanoneexpectfromMaryBerryCooks?A.Easycookinginstructions.B.Tastydishesfromacrosstheworld.C.Howtomakeaperfectkitchen.D.Howtocookadinnerinasecretway.38.BothBradford’sCrosswordsolver’sDictionaryandComputingforSeniors______.A.havethesamediscountB.havesimilarpagesC.areinpaperbackD.arefirsteditions39.Whichofthefollowingcanbeaguidefortravelers?A.TheWipersTimes.B.MaryBerryCooks.C.ComputingforSeniors.D.Philip’sCompleteRoadAtlas.40.Thetextisprobablytakenfrom______.A.atravelguide B.atextbookC.abookreview D.anadvertisement【答案】36.D37.A38.C39.D40.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇广告类说明文。主要介绍了5本10多年前出版的书籍，包括书籍内容、装帧、页数、原价及折扣价等信息。【36题详析】细节理解题。根据TheWipersTimes部分中的“TheWipersTimes,thewell-knowntrench(战壕)newspaperoftheFirstWorldWar,isauniquerecordoflifeontheFrontLine.(《战壕时报》是一战时期著名的战壕报纸，是对前线生活的独特记录)”以及“B10120Hardback388pages”可知，如果你对战争年代感兴趣，可能会选择B10120这本书，故选D项。【37题详析】细节理解题。根据MaryBerryCooks部分中的“MaryBerryCooksfeaturesanall-newcollectionof100mouth-watering,simplerecipesforanyoccasion.(《玛丽·贝里烹饪》收录了全新的100道适合各种场合、令人垂涎欲滴且简单易做的食谱)”可知，从这本书中可以期待得到简单的烹饪指导，故选A项。【38题详析】细节理解题。根据Bradford’sCrosswordsolver’sDictionary部分中的“B10134Paperback896pages£12.99£9.99”以及ComputingforSeniors部分中的“B10133Paperback240pages£10.99£9.99”可知，这两本书都是平装本。所以选C项。【39题详析】推理判断题。根据Philip’sCompleteRoadAtlasBritainandIreland2014部分中的“the2014editionofPhilip’sCompleteRoadAtlasBritainandIrelandcontains160pagesofroadmapsandclearlymarkedserviceareas.(2014版的《菲利普英国和爱尔兰公路地图集》包含160页的公路地图和清晰标注的服务区)”可知，Philip’sCompleteRoadAtlas可以作为旅行者的指南，故选D项。【40题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Let’stakealookatthefollowingbookspublishedover10yearsago.(让我们来看看以下这些十多年前出版的书籍)”可知，文章介绍了5本书籍的基本信息，且都给出了原价和折扣价，很明显是在推销这些书，所以文本可能来自一则广告，故选D项。BNicolaTeslawasbornon10thJuly1856inCroatia.Fromaveryyoungage,Teslawasinterestedinelectricity.In1881TeslamovedtoBudapestandgotajob.ItwastherethatTeslafirstthoughtoftheideaofthealternatingcurrent(交流电)(AC).In1884,TeslamovedtoAmericaandworkedforThomasEdison.ButTeslaworkedforEdisonforlessthanayear.TeslawassurehisACmotorwasthebestwaytocaptureandtransportthepowerofelectricity.However,Edisonthoughthiswayofusingdirectcurrent(DC)wasbetterandconsideredACunsafe.ButsoonthescientificcommunityacceptedACwasmorepowerfulthanDCanditwasprovedsafe.In1895,TesladesignedthefirstwaterpowerplantusingtheenergyoftheNiagaraFalls.AndhediditusingtheACmotor.AfterthesuccessofAC,Teslabecamewellknown.Hetravelledandspoketomanyscientistsabouthisinventionsandideas.Hebuiltalargelaboratory.However,itburneddownnotlongafteritwasbuilt.AsTeslagotolder,hecontinuedtocomeupwithnewideasandtheories.Buthewaslesssuccessfulandfamous.Manypeopledidn’trecognizethatparticularinventionswerereallyTesla’sideas.Teslagavespeechesaboutcreatingelectricalpowerfromtheearth’satmosphere.Healsotalkedaboutwaysthatwirelesselectricityandcommunicationcouldpowerthingsallovertheworld.Buttothepeopleofhistime,theseideassoundedcrazy.However,someofhisideashavenowbeensupportedbymodernresearchandtechnology.Tesla’slastyearswerelonelyandsad.Hereceivedmanyawards,butreceivedverylittlemoney.Whenhediedin1943,hewasnolongerfamousandfeltforgotten.Today,notmanypeopleknowthenameofNicolaTeslabuthisinventionsandideasaffectourliveseveryday!41.WhydidTeslastopworkingforEdison?A.Teslawasbadlypaidthere.B.Theyhadsomedisagreements.C.Theyhadverydifferentcharacters.D.TeslawantedtomovebacktoEurope.42.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaboutTesla’slifeexperiences?a．Tesla’slabburneddown.b．TeslaworkedforEdison.c．Teslabuiltawaterpowerplant.d．TeslamovedtoBudapest.A.d-b-c-a. B.d-b-a-c.C.b-d-c-a. D.b-c-d-a.43.Inhislateryears,Tesla______.A.livedacolorfullifeB.wasmisunderstoodanddoubtedC.wasunabletothinkoutnewideasD.earnedalotasanaward-winninginventor44.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.TeslabecamefamousasanassistanttoEdison.B.Teslawaswayaheadofmoderntechnology.C.Teslahadgreatinterestintravelling.D.Teslawasnotgoodatspeeches.45.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NicolaTesla,achallengerfordifficultiesB.NicolaTesla,adreamerinscienceC.NicolaTesla,aforgotteninventorD.NicolaTesla,astrangescientist【答案】41.B42.A43.B44.B45.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了发明家尼古拉·特斯拉的生平、科研成就、人生遭遇，以及其发明和想法对如今人们生活的深远影响。【41题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TeslawassurehisACmotorwasthebestwaytocaptureandtransportthepowerofelectricity.However,Edisonthoughthiswayofusingdirectcurrent(DC)wasbetterandconsideredACunsafe.(特斯拉确信他的交流电动机是获取和传输电能的最佳方式。然而，爱迪生认为他使用直流电的方法更好，并认为交流电是不安全的。)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电流使用的问题上存在分歧，这是特斯拉不再为爱迪生工作的原因。故选B项。【42题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In1881TeslamovedtoBudapestandgotajob.(1881年，特斯拉搬到布达佩斯并找到了一份工作。)”，第二段中的“In1884,TeslamovedtoAmericaandworkedforThomasEdison.(1884年，特斯拉搬到美国，为托马斯·爱迪生工作。)”，第三段中的“In1895,TesladesignedthefirstwaterpowerplantusingtheenergyoftheNiagaraFalls.(1895年，特斯拉利用尼亚加拉大瀑布的能量设计了第一座水力发电站。)”和“Hebuiltalargelaboratory.However,itburneddownnotlongafteritwasbuilt.(他建了一个大型实验室。然而，它建成后不久就被烧毁了。)”可知，事件的正确顺序为d-b-c-a。故选A项。【43题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Buthewaslesssuccessfulandfamous.Manypeopledidn’trecognizethatparticularinventionswerereallyTesla’sideas.(但他不再那么成功和有名了。许多人都不知道某些发明其实是特斯拉的想法。)”和第五段中的“Buttothepeopleofhistime,theseideassoundedcrazy.(但对他那个时代的人来说，这些想法听起来很疯狂。)”可知，特斯拉晚年的想法不被当时的人理解，还受到了质疑。故选B项。【44题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However,someofhisideashavenowbeensupportedbymodernresearchandtechnology.(然而，他的一些想法现在得到了现代研究和技术的支持。)”可知，特斯拉的一些想法在他的时代不被认可，却在如今被证实，说明他的想法远超当时的科技水平，走在了现代科技的前面。故选B项。【45题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Whenhediedin1943,hewasnolongerfamousandfeltforgotten.Today,notmanypeopleknowthenameofNicolaTeslabuthisinventionsandideasaffectourliveseveryday!(1943年他去世时，已经不再出名，还感觉自己被遗忘了。如今，没有多少人知道尼古拉·特斯拉这个名字，但他的发明和想法却每天都在影响着我们的生活！)”可知，文章讲述了特斯拉的一生，重点突出了他生前和死后都不被太多人知晓的境遇，因此“被遗忘的发明家尼古拉·特斯拉”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。CThinkaboutalltheplasticinourliveslikeplasticbags,plasticcupsandplasticplates.Also,thinkaboutthoseforksandspoonsinyourschoolcafeteria.Theymaybeplastic.Forbetterorforworse,plasticseemstobeeverywhere.Backinthe1990s,amannamedCharlesMoorediscoveredahugefloatingislandofplasticintheNorthPacificOcean.Sincethen,fourmorefloatingislandsofplastichavebeendiscoveredinotherpartsoftheworld.Withtimegoing,Mooresays,theislandthathediscoveredisgrowingandspreadingmuchfartherthanheexpected.Hemadethatdiscoveryduringa30-dayresearchexpedition(考察).“Theyfoundalotmoreplasticthanthey’veeverseenfartherawayfromtheareathat’scalledtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,”saidMarietaFrancis,theexecutivedirectoroftheA.M.R.I.—aninstitutethatMoorecreatedtoinvestigatethefloatingplasticproblem.“Theyranacrossitsoonerthanexpected.”Expertssaythey’renotsurewhatallthisplasticisdoingtothehealthofouroceansorourownhealth.Theysuspectthatsmallfishareeatingtinybitsoftheplasticandthatthosetinylittlebitsaregettingintobiggerfishwhenthebiggerfisheatthesmallfish.Ofcourse,we’reatthetopofthefoodchain—mostofthetime,atleast.Sothatmeansiftheplasticisgettingintothebigfish,thenit’sgettingintothefishweeatandverypossiblygettingintous.Mooreandotherresearchershopetofigureoutwhateffectallthatplasticishaving.Butexpertssaytheirresearchisstillinitsveryearlystages.“Whatwedoknowforsurerightnowisthatanywherefrom10,000to35,000tonsofplasticisfloatingonthesurfaceofouroceans.Andwehumansputitthere,”saidMoore.46.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Plasticcanbeshapedveryeasily.B.Plastichasaterribleeffectonpeople’slives.C.Manyitemsindailyusearemadeoutofplastic.D.Plasticproductsshouldnotbeusedinschoolcafeterias.47.WhathasMoorefound?A.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatchisbeginningtodisappeargradually.B.FourislandsofplastichaveappearedintheSouthPacificOcean.C.Thefloatingplasticproblemcanbesolvedeasily.D.Theislandofplastichasgrownbeyondhisexpectation.48.Accordingtoexperts,thefloatingplastic______.A.maythreatenhumanhealthB.maycutoffthefoodchainC.hascausedalotoffishtodieD.hasbecomepartofmostfish’sfood49.Whenmentioningtheislandsofplastic,Mooremayfeel______.A.confident B.worriedC.enthusiastic D.confused50.Thepurposeofthetextisto______.A.callonpeopletofightagainsttheislandsofplasticB.warnhumanbeingsofthebadeffectoftheislandsofplasticC.reportwhatresearchershavefoundabouttheislandsofplasticD.criticizehumanbeingsforwhattheyhavedonetotheoceans【答案】46.C47.D48.A49.B50.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍海洋中塑料垃圾岛的发现情况、其不断扩散的现状以及塑料可能带来的健康影响和相关研究进展。【46题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thinkaboutalltheplasticinourliveslikeplasticbags,plasticcupsandplasticplates.Also,thinkaboutthoseforksandspoonsinyourschoolcafeteria.Theymaybeplastic.(想想我们生活中所有的塑料制品，比如塑料袋、塑料杯和塑料盘。再想想你学校食堂里的那些叉子和勺子，它们可能也是塑料做的。)”可知，作者列举了生活中多种塑料制品，说明日常生活里很多物品都是由塑料制成的。故选C项。【47题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Withtimegoing,Mooresays,theislandthathediscoveredisgrowingandspreadingmuchfartherthanheexpected.(摩尔说，随着时间的推移，他发现的这个塑料垃圾岛正在不断扩大，扩散的范围也远远超出了他的预期。)”可知，摩尔发现他所找到的塑料垃圾岛的规模和扩散范围都超出了自己的预期。故选D项。【48题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Expertssaythey’renotsurewhatallthisplasticisdoingtothehealthofouroceansorourownhealth.Theysuspectthatsmallfishareeatingtinybitsoftheplasticandthatthosetinylittlebitsaregettingintobiggerfishwhenthebiggerfisheatthesmallfish.Ofcourse,we’reatthetopofthefoodchain—mostofthetime,atleast.Sothatmeansiftheplasticisgettingintothebigfish,thenit’sgettingintothefishweeatandverypossiblygettingintous.(专家们表示，他们不确定这些塑料会对海洋健康和人类自身健康造成什么影响。他们怀疑小鱼会吃塑料微粒，而当大鱼捕食小鱼时，这些塑料微粒就会进入大鱼体内。当然，至少在大多数时候，人类处于食物链的顶端。这就意味着如果塑料进入了大鱼体内，就会进入我们食用的鱼类体内，并且非常有可能进入人体。)”可知，塑料会通过食物链层层传递最终可能进入人体，因此漂浮的塑料可能会威胁到人类的健康。故选A项。【49题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Withtimegoing,Mooresays,theislandthathediscoveredisgrowingandspreadingmuchfartherthanheexpected.(摩尔说，随着时间的推移，他发现的这个塑料垃圾岛正在不断扩大，扩散的范围也远远超出了他的预期。)”以及最后一段中的““Whatwedoknowforsurerightnowisthatanywherefrom10,000to35,000tonsofplasticisfloatingonthesurfaceofouroceans.Andwehumansputitthere,”saidMoore.(摩尔说：“目前我们能确定的是，有一万到三万五千吨的塑料漂浮在海洋表面，而这些都是我们人类丢弃的。”)”可知，摩尔发现塑料垃圾岛不断扩散，且知晓海洋中有大量塑料垃圾源于人类行为，面对这样的现状，他大概会感到担忧。故选B项。【50题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Backinthe1990s,amannamedCharlesMoorediscoveredahugefloatingislandofplasticintheNorthPacificOcean.(早在20世纪90年代，一个名叫查尔斯·摩尔的人在北太平洋发现了一个巨大的漂浮塑料垃圾岛。)”，第三段中马里埃塔·弗朗西斯的表述，第四段专家对塑料影响的分析以及最后一段中摩尔的研究发现可知，文章主要是客观报道了研究人员关于海洋塑料垃圾岛的一系列发现，包括发现过程、现状和潜在影响等。故选C项。DDearAmanda,AstheDeanofYaleCollege,Iamwriting,tocongratulateyouonyouracademicsuccessandtointroduceyoutoYale’sdiverseopportunities....Asyouconsideryourcollegeoptions,IhopethatYaleremainsamongyourtopchoices.Thisispartofane-mailIreceivedthisfall.IadmititmademefeelprettyspecialtohaveYaleapproachme,anaveragehighschoolsenior.Butwhyme?Mygradesarenothingtobragabout.Ididn’tqualifyfortheNationalMeritScholarshipCompetition.Ihaven’tledateamsportorconductedscientificresearch.Later,Ilearnedthateachyear,Yalesendsmailingstoroughly80,000potentialstudentsforitsfreshmanclassof1,300.Fortheclassof2018,Yalerejected93.7percentofitsapplicants.And,accordingtotheCollegeBoard,95percentofYale’senrolled(注册入学)studentswereinthetop10percentoftheirhighschoolclasses.Collegeswantatopranking.Onewaytogetit?Lowacceptancerates,whichcomefromattractinglotsandlotsofapplicants—andthenrejectingalmostallofthem.Soschoolsmailfancybrochuresandsendsinceree-mailstomanymorestudentsthanthey’llaccept.Topschoolsdefendtheirmarketing,arguingthatthey’rereachingstudentswhootherwisemightnotapply.AsWilliamFitzsimmons,deanofHarvardadmissions,said:“TherearesomanystudentsoutthereintheworldwhomightnotautomaticallythinkaboutHarvardasaplacetogo.Thechancesofreachingthetopofanythingarenotgood,butisthatareasonnottotry?”Butmostofthestudent