天津西青区2025-2026学年高二上学期学业质量期末检测英语试卷（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1天津西青区2025-2026学年高二上学期学业质量期末检测英语试卷第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Afterthepowercut,thefirstthingwedois________theradiotolistentonews.A.turndown B.pickout C.switchon D.checkout【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：停电后，我们做的第一件事就是打开收音机听新闻。A.turndown调小，拒绝；B.pickout挑选出；C.switchon打开；D.checkout检查，结账离开。根据后文“tolistentonews”可知，要听新闻需要先打开收音机，switchon符合语境。故选C项。2.Thelittlegirl’seyesareredbecauseshe________overherlosttoydogallafternoon.A.hasbeencrying B.cries C.willcry D.cried【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：小女孩的眼睛是红的，因为她整个下午都在为她丢失的玩具狗哭泣。根据allafternoon可知，此处表示从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还有可能继续持续下去，用现在完成进行时，表示“一直在哭”。谓语用hasbeencrying。故选A。3.MissLi________getsangry,alwayssmilingandtalkingsoftlytoallstudents.A.rarely B.regularly C.usually D.frequently【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：李老师很少发脾气，总是面带微笑，轻声与所有学生交谈。A.rarely很少；B.regularly定期地；C.usually通常；D.frequently频繁地。根据后文“alwayssmilingandtalkingsoftlytoallstudents”可知，李老师很少发脾气，总是面带微笑，轻声与所有学生交谈。故选A。4.Whenthefiremenrushedintothebuilding,sometrappedpassengers________tothewindowsbythicksmoke.A.havebeenpushed B.werepushingC.havepushed D.werebeingpushed【答案】D【解析】考查动词语态。句意：当消防队员冲进大楼时，一些被困乘客正被浓烟逼到了窗边。主语sometrappedpassengers与push之间是被动关系，用被动语态；根据时间状语从句Whenthefiremenrushedintothebuilding可知，当消防员冲进大楼时，一些被困的乘客正被浓烟逼到窗户，用过去进行时的被动语态，谓语用werebeingpushed。故选D。5.Theroofwill________undertheheavyweightunlessweclearthesnow.A.catchfire B.giveway C.showresults D.takeeffect【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：除非我们清理积雪，否则屋顶会在重压下坍塌。A.catchfire着火；B.giveway坍塌；C.showresults呈现结果；D.takeeffect生效。根据“undertheheavyweight(在重压下)”和“clearthesnow(清理积雪)”可知，积雪的重压会让屋顶出现坍塌的情况，giveway在此处表示“坍塌”，符合句意。故选B。6.Thenumberofbirdswill________ifwecutdowntoomanytreesnow.A.decline B.increase C.vary D.grow【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们现在砍伐太多树木，鸟类的数量将会减少。A.decline减少，下降；B.increase增加；C.vary变化，变动；D.grow增长，生长。根据“ifwecutdowntoomanytreesnow”可知，砍伐太多树木会破坏鸟类的栖息地，导致鸟类数量减少，decline符合语境。故选A。7.Don’tcallmeat8p.m.tonight.I________anonlinemeetingwithmyteammembersthen.A.willbehaving B.havehad C.had D.have【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意：今晚8点不要给我打电话。那时我将正在和我的团队成员开在线会议。根据时间状语“at8p.m.tonight”和“then”可知，表示将来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，故选A。8.Feedingbirdsinthegardenis________:youspendalittletime,buttheygreetyouwithsongseverymorning.A.demanding B.rewarding C.promising D.shocking【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在花园里喂鸟是值得的：你只需要花费一点时间，但它们每天早上都会用歌声问候你。A.demanding费力的，要求高的；B.rewarding值得的，有回报的；C.promising有前途的，有希望的；D.shocking令人震惊的。根据“youspendalittletime,buttheygreetyouwithsongseverymorning”可知，花费少量时间就能收获鸟儿的歌声问候，这件事是有回报、值得做的，rewarding符合语境。故选B。9.Theoldmanwalksintheparkeveryevening,a________hehaskeptfor10years.A.schedule B.list C.record D.routine【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位老人每天晚上都在公园散步，这是他坚持了10年的习惯。A.schedule时间表，日程安排；B.list清单；C.record记录，唱片；D.routine日常惯例。根据“keptfor10years”可知，此处指的是老人长期坚持的规律性活动，即日常惯例。故选D项。10.Bythetimetherescueteamfinallyreachedtheremotevillage,thevillagers________withoutfreshwaterforthreedays.A.went B.havegone C.hadgone D.go【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：当救援队最终到达偏远的村庄时，村民们已经三天没有淡水了。gowithout“没有，缺乏”。本空在句中作谓语，“Bythetimetherescueteamfinallyreachedtheremotevillage”表明“村民们没有淡水”这个动作发生在“救援队到达”这个过去的动作之前，即过去的过去，应该用过去完成时，其结构是“had+过去分词”，go的过去分词是gone。故选C。11.Ifyoucan’tattendthemeeting,I’llspeak________youandshareyourideas.A.infavourof B.onaccountof C.inhonourof D.onbehalfof【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果你不能参加会议，我将代表你发言并分享你的想法。A.infavourof支持；B.onaccountof由于；C.inhonourof为纪念；D.onbehalfof代表。结合“youandshareyourideas”可知，空格处应表达“代表”，用onbehalfof。故选D。12.Afterworkinghard,peopleoftenusemusicplayersto______theirrest,suchasbyplayingsoftsongstomakerestingmorecomfortable.A.guide B.save C.facilitate D.change【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：努力工作后，人们通常会用音乐播放器来为休息提供便利，比如播放舒缓的歌曲，让休息变得更舒适。A.guide指导；B.save节约；C.facilitate使便利；D.change变化。根据“suchasbyplayingsoftsongstomakerestingmorecomfortable(比如播放舒缓的歌曲，让休息变得更舒适)”所提示的语境，可知播放舒缓歌曲让休息更舒适，是让休息这件事变得更便利，facilitate符合本句语境。故选C。13.Themuseumexhibitionwascancelledbecauseallthepaintings________byrainbeforetheopeningday.A.havebeendamaged B.weredamagedC.hadbeendamaged D.aredamaged【答案】C【解析】考查动词语态。句意：博物馆的展览被取消了，因为在开幕日前所有的画作都被雨水损坏了。空格处在原因状语从句中作谓语，从句的动作damage“损坏”发生在主句动作wascancelled之前，从句的时态应为过去完成时，且主语allthepaintings与动词damage之间为被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态，即hadbeendamaged。故选C。14.Myfamilymovedtothenewcommunitylastmonth,________wecannowwalktotheparkwithinfiveminutes.A.when B.where C.which D.that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我家上个月搬到了新社区，现在我们可以在五分钟内步行到公园。A.when当……时候；B.where在……地方；C.which哪一个；D.that那个。“________wecannowwalktotheparkwithinfiveminutes”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thenewcommunity，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故选B。15.________eco-friendlymaterialshasbecomeakeytrendformodernfashionbrandstoreduceenvironmentalimpact.A.Using B.Touse C.Used D.Beingused【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：使用环保材料已成为现代时尚品牌减少环境影响的关键趋势。句子已有谓语动词hasbecome，空格处应填非谓语动词，作主语。use与逻辑主语modernfashionbrands之间是主动关系，用动名词形式Using作主语。故选A。第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31～50各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Inevertrulyunderstoodthemeaningof“peerpressure”untilIjoinedthecross-countryteaminmyfreshmanyear.Thetrainingwas____16____thanIhadimagined.Everymorning,wewereexpectedto____17____fortrainingbeforethesunwasup.Seeingalltheotherrunners,sofastandskilled,mademefeelembarrassedand____18____.Istartedtodoubtmyownabilityto____19____.Onerainymorning,Iwasparticularly____20____.Mylegsfeltheavy,andIwasfallingfarbehindtherest.Thethoughtofjuststoppingandgoinghomefeltlikeabetter____21____.Justthen,ourcoach,Mr.Evans,joggedupbesideme.“Stoplookingatthem,”hesaid,hisvoicecalmbutfirm.“You’renotrunningtheirrace.Youneedtofindyourown____22____.”Hiswordsweresimple,buttheystruckme.Ihadbeensofocusedon____23____myselftoothersthatIhadforgottenwhyIstartedrunninginthefirstplace.Itwasn’ttobethebestontheteam;itwasto____24____myownlimitsandgetstronger.Fromthatdayon,Ichoseadifferent____25____.Istoppedfocusingontherunnersaheadofmeandstartedcelebratingmyown____26____,howeversmall.Overtime,runningbecamelessofa____27____andmoreofajoy.Ididn’tbecomethefastestrunner,butIbecamethebest____28____ofmyself.Thislessonwentfarbeyondtherunningtrack.Ingroupprojectsorwhenstudyingforexams,Ilearnedtoworkinmyown____29____,withoutbeing____30____bywhatotherswereachieving.Now,wheneverIseeateammatestrugglingwith____31____,IshareMr.Evans’sadvice.Buttruesuccesscomesfromfollowingyourownpath.Thisexperiencetaughtmeanimportantlifelesson:yourjourneyis____32____.Don’tletthenoiseofothers’opinions____33____yourowninnervoice.Lifeisn’tabout____34____againsteveryoneelse;it’saboutwinningagainstwhoyouwereyesterday—findingjoyinsmallstepsforward,andprideinhowfaryou’vecome.Andthatisajourneyeveryonecan____35____.16.A.clearer B.faster C.smoother D.tougher17.A.turnup B.checkin C.showoff D.goahead18.A.outofdate B.outofplace C.outofmind D.outofwork19.A.hangout B.setoff C.keepup D.calmdown20.A.nervous B.confident C.upset D.energetic21.A.future B.choice C.chance D.deal22.A.goal B.answer C.talent D.duty23.A.committing B.revealing C.devoting D.comparing24.A.feel B.remove C.test D.set25.A.role B.attitude C.rule D.environment26.A.story B.journey C.worth D.progress27.A.habit B.community C.philosophy D.struggle28.A.version B.form C.type D.luck29.A.order B.style C.group D.time30.A.frightened B.discouraged C.puzzled D.annoyed31.A.doubt B.motivation C.change D.concentration32.A.endless B.precious C.beautiful D.unique33.A.holdback B.speakout C.pipeup D.tonedown34.A.guarding B.turning C.competing D.defending35.A.plan B.conclude C.appreciate D.pause【答案】16.D17.A18.B19.C20.C21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.D27.D28.A29.B30.B31.A32.D33.A34.C35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者加入越野队后，在教练的鼓励下学会关注自我、突破自我并领悟人生道理的故事。【16题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：训练比我想象的要艰难得多。A.clearer更清晰的；B.faster更快的；C.smoother更平滑的；D.tougher更艰难的。根据后文“Everymorning,wewereexpectedto______fortrainingbeforethesunwasup.Seeingalltheotherrunners,sofastandskilled,mademefeelembarrassed”可知，每天早上都要在太阳升起前开始训练。且看到其他跑步者又快又熟练，作者感到尴尬，说明训练比想象的要艰难。故选D。【17题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天早上，我们都要在太阳升起前到场参加训练。A.turnup出现，到场；B.checkin登记；C.showoff炫耀；D.goahead继续。根据后文“fortrainingbeforethesunwasup”可知，到场训练要在太阳升起前。故选A。【18题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：看到所有其他跑步者都那么快、那么熟练，我感到尴尬和格格不入。A.outofdate过时的；B.outofplace格格不入，不自在；C.outofmind心不在焉；D.outofwork失业。根据上文“Seeingalltheotherrunners,sofastandskilled,mademefeelembarrassedand”可知，作者觉得自己和别人差距大，感到不自在、格格不入。故选B。【19题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始怀疑自己是否有能力跟上。A.hangout闲逛；B.setoff出发；C.keepup跟上；D.calmdown冷静。根据上文“Istartedtodoubtmyownabilityto”以及后文“Thethoughtofjuststoppingandgoinghomefeltlikeabetter”作者想要放弃，可推测作者怀疑自己是否能跟上其他跑步者。故选C。【20题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个下雨的早晨，我特别沮丧。A.nervous紧张的；B.confident自信的；C.upset沮丧的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据后文“Mylegsfeltheavy,andIwasfallingfarbehindtherest.”可知，作者腿很沉，远远落在后面，所以作者很沮丧。故选C。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：停下来回家的想法感觉是个更好的选择。A.future未来；B.choice选择；C.chance机会；D.deal交易。根据上文“Thethoughtofjuststoppingandgoinghomefeltlikeabetter”可知，作者很沮丧，觉得停下来回家的想法感觉是个更好的选择。故选B。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要找到你自己的目标。A.goal目标；B.answer答案；C.talent才能；D.duty责任。根据后文“Itwasn’ttobethebestontheteam;itwasto______myownlimitsandgetstronger.”可知，此处指找到自己的目标，不是成为团队中最好的，而是测试自己的极限，变得更强。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直太专注于将自己与他人进行比较，以至于忘记了最初为什么开始跑步。A.committing承诺；B.revealing揭示；C.devoting致力于；D.comparing比较。根据前文“Seeingalltheotherrunners,sofastandskilled,mademefeelembarrassed”和后文“myselftoothers”、“Istoppedfocusingontherunnersaheadofme”可知，此处指将自己与他人进行比较。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不是为了成为团队中最好的；而是为了测试自己的极限，变得更强。A.feel感觉；B.remove去除；C.test测试；D.set设置。根据后文“myownlimitsandgetstronger”可知，跑步是为了测试自己的极限，变得更强。故选C。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我选择了不同的态度。A.role角色；B.attitude态度；C.rule规则；D.environment环境。根据后文“Istoppedfocusingontherunnersaheadofmeandstartedcelebratingmyown”可知，作者不再关注前面的跑步者，即选择了不同的态度。故选B。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再关注前面的跑步者，而是开始庆祝自己的进步，无论多么微小。A.story故事；B.journey旅行；C.worth价值；D.progress进步。根据前文“Istoppedfocusingontherunnersaheadofmeandstartedcelebratingmyown”和后文“howeversmall”可知，此处指作者庆祝自己的进步，无论多么微小。故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，跑步不再是一种挣扎，而是一种快乐。A.habit习惯；B.community社区；C.philosophy哲学；D.struggle挣扎。根据前文“runningbecamelessofa”和后文“andmoreofajoy”可知，跑步从一种挣扎变成了一种快乐。故选D。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有成为最快的跑步者，但我成为了最好的自己。A.version版本；B.form形式；C.type类型；D.luck运气。根据后文“ofmyself”可知，此处指成为最好的自己，即自己的最佳版本。故选A。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小组项目或备考时，我学会了以自己的方式做事，而不被别人的成就所气馁。A.order命令；B.style方式；C.group团体；D.time时间。根据前文“Ilearnedtoworkinmyown”和后文“withoutbeing______bywhatotherswereachieving”可知，作者学会了不被别人的成就所气馁，此处指以自己的方式做事。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在小组项目或备考时，我学会了以自己的方式做事，而不被别人的成就所气馁。A.frightened使害怕；B.discouraged使气馁；C.puzzled使困惑；D.annoyed惹恼。根据前文“Seeingalltheotherrunners,sofastandskilled,mademefeelembarrassed”和后文“bywhatotherswereachieving”可知，此处与前文形成对比，指不被别人的成就所气馁。故选B。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看到队友在怀疑中挣扎时，我都会分享埃文斯先生的建议。A.doubt怀疑；B.motivation动机；C.change改变；D.concentration集中。呼应上文“Istartedtodoubtmyownability”指作者看到队友在怀疑中挣扎。故选A。【32题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但真正的成功来自于走自己的路。这段经历给了我重要的人生教训：你的旅程是独一无二的。A.endless无尽的；B.precious宝贵的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.unique独特的，独一无二的。根据后文“Don’tletthenoiseofothers’opinions”可知，不要让别人的意见影响自己，说明每个人的旅程都是独一无二的。故选D。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要让别人的意见阻碍你内心的声音。A.holdback阻碍；B.speakout大声说出；C.pipeup突然插话；D.tonedown缓和。根据前文“Don’tletthenoiseofothers’opinions”和后文“yourowninnervoice”可知，此处指不要被外界意见压制内心想法，不要让别人的意见阻碍自己内心的声音。故选A。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活不是与每个人竞争；而是要战胜昨天的你——在前进的小步伐中找到快乐，在已经走了多远中找到骄傲。A.guarding守卫；B.turning转弯；C.competing竞争；D.defending防御。根据后文“againsteveryoneelse;it’saboutwinningagainstwhoyouwereyesterday”可知，生活是在前进的小步伐中找到快乐，在已经走了多远中找到骄傲，所以生活不是与每个人竞争。故选C。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一段每个人都能欣赏的旅程。A.plan计划；B.conclude总结；C.appreciate欣赏；D.pause暂停。根据上文“findingjoyinsmallstepsforward,andprideinhowfaryou’vecome”可知，在前进的小步伐中找到快乐，在已经走了多远中找到骄傲，说明这是一段每个人都能欣赏的旅程。故选C。第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAGuidetotheBritishMuseumPlanningavisittotheBritishMuseuminLondon?Thisguidewillprovideyouwithessentialinformationtomakethemostofyourtrip.OpeningHoursTheMuseumisopendailyfrom10:00to17:00.OnFridays,theMuseumextendsitshoursandstaysopenuntil20:30.TheMuseumisclosedon1Januaryand24—26December.AdmissionGeneraladmissiontotheMuseum’spermanentcollectionisfreeforallvisitors.Thisensureseveryonecanexploreworldculturesandhistory.Somespecialexhibitionsandeventsrequireapaidticket.Itishighlyrecommendedtobooktheseticketsonlineinadvancetoguaranteeentry.Highlights&PlanningTheMuseum’scollectionisvast,coveringovertwomillionyearsofhistory.Itisimpossibletoseeeverythinginonevisit.Werecommendplanningyourroutebeforehand.Youcandownloadamapfromtheofficialwebsiteorpickoneupattheinformationdeskuponarrival.KeyhighlightsincludetheRosettaStone,theParthenonsculptures,andtheEgyptianmummies.Weadviseallocatingatleastthreehoursforyourvisit.FacilitiesFreeWi-FiisavailablethroughouttheMuseum.Severalcafesandarestaurantarelocatedinside,offeringarangeofdiningoptions.Limitedwheelchairscanbeborrowedfreeofchargefromthemainentrance,subjecttoavailability.WehopethesefacilitiesandtipshelpyouenjoyawonderfulandeducationaldayattheBritishMuseum.36.Accordingtotheguide,whencanvisitorsstayattheBritishMuseumuntil8:30p.m.?A.Onweekdays B.OnFridays.C.Duringspecialexhibitions. D.Onpublicholidays.37.WhichistrueabouttheadmissiontotheBritishMuseum?A.Allvisitorsneedtopayanentrancefee.B.Ticketsmustbebookedonlineforspecialexhibitions.C.Nochargeisneededtoviewthepermanentcollection.D.TheMuseumisfreeonlyforstudentsandseniors.38.Whatdoestheguidesuggestvisitorsdobeforetheirtrip?A.Decidewhichobjectstoseefirst. B.Applyforfreewheelchairaccess.C.LearnaboutthehistoryoftheRosettaStone. D.Makeareservationfortherestaurant.39.InFacilitiessection“subjecttoavailability”meanswheelchairsareprovided________.A.atanytime B.ifavailable C.forafee D.toallvisitors40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.TocomparetheBritishMuseumwithothermuseums.B.ToadvertisespecialexhibitionsattheBritishMuseum.C.Toprovidepracticalinformationforpotentialvisitors.D.TodescribethehistoryoftheBritishMuseum’scollection.【答案】36.B37.C38.A39.B40.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。这篇指南介绍了大英博物馆的开放时间、免费入场政策、参观建议与馆内设施，帮助游客更好地规划行程、充分参观。【36题详析】细节理解题。根据OpeningHours部分“OnFridays,theMuseumextendsitshoursandstaysopenuntil20:30.(每逢周五，该博物馆会延长开放时间，一直营业到晚上8点30分)”可知，游客在周五可以在大英博物馆停留到晚上8点30分。故选B。【37题详析】细节理解题。根据Admission部分“GeneraladmissiontotheMuseum’spermanentcollectionisfreeforallvisitors.(博物馆永久藏品的参观对所有游客都是免费的)”可知，C选项“观看永久藏品是免费的”正确。故选C。【38题详析】细节理解题。根据Highlights&Planning部分“TheMuseum’scollectionisvast,coveringovertwomillionyearsofhistory.Itisimpossibletoseeeverythinginonevisit.Werecommendplanningyourroutebeforehand.(该博物馆的藏品丰富多样，涵盖了超过两百万年的历史。一次参观不可能将所有展品都看遍。我们建议您事先规划好参观路线)”可知，导游建议游客在出行前决定先参观哪些展品。故选A。【39题详析】细节理解题。根据Facilities部分“Limitedwheelchairscanbeborrowedfreeofchargefromthemainentrance,subjecttoavailability.(数量有限轮椅可从正门免费借用，但需视实际情况而定)”可知，在“设施”部分中，“视情况而定”这一表述意味着如果有轮椅可用的话，就会提供给客人使用。故选B。【40题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisguidewillprovideyouwithessentialinformationtomakethemostofyourtrip.(本指南将为您提供必要的信息，助您充分利用此次旅行)”结合这篇指南介绍了大英博物馆的开放时间、免费入场政策、参观建议与馆内设施，帮助游客更好地规划行程、充分参观。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是为潜在游客提供实用的信息。故选C。BBornin1949,DianaNyaddevelopedanearlyinterestinswimmingandbecameaFloridaStateHighSchoolswimmingchampion.Likemanyyoungathletes,shedreamedofcompetingintheOlympics,butaseriousillnessruinedherchancetoqualifyfortheGames.However,thedisappointmentdidnotstopherfrommovingforward.Instead,sheturnedherfocustomarathonswimming.Anaturallygiftedathlete,Nyadwasphysicallywell-conditionedtoendurelongperiodsinthewater.Asalong-distanceswimmer,shewouldcompetenotonlyagainstherselfbutalsoagainstobstaclessuchasdistance,danger,cold,andexhaustion.Overthenexttenyears,Nyaddedicatedherselftobecomingoneoftheworld’stoplong-distanceswimmers.In1970,sheswamaten-milemarathoninLakeOntario,settingthewomen’srecordforthatcourse.In1972,shebrokeanotherrecordbyswimming102.5milesfromaBahamianislandtotheFloridacoast.Then,in1975,shebrokeathirdrecordwhensheswamaroundManhattanIsland.NyadattemptedtoswimthedistancebetweenFloridaandCubain1978.Thoughthestretchofwaterislessthan100mileswide,itisroughanddangerous.Afterbattlingthewaterfortwodays,shewasforcedtoabandontheattempttoprotectherhealthandsafety.Evenso,sheimpressedtheworldwithhercourageandstrongdesiretosucceed.ForNyad,thestrengthofherpurposematteredasmuchasreachingCubaitself.“Thatwashowshedefinedsuccess,”shelaterreflected:“Itdidn’tmatterthatmyswimfellshort—IbelievedIhadalreadytouchedtheothershore.”Toher,successwasneverjustaboutcrossingafinishline—itwasaboutrefusingtobackdownfromadream.WhenNyadeventuallyretiredfromswimming,shecontinuedtotakeonnewchallenges:travelingtheworldasareporter,writingbooks,anddeliveringpublicspeechesaboutherlifejourney.Today,DianaNyadstillworkstoinspireothers,justasshedidwhensheswamtheworld’smostdauntingwaters.41.WhatisthekeyreasonthatNyadturnedtomarathonswimming?A.ShefailedtoqualifyfortheOlympicGames.B.Shewantedtofindalesscompetitivesportthanpoolswimming.C.Shefoundshehadanaturaltalentforspendinglongperiodsinwater.D.Ahealthproblempreventedherfromachievingheroriginaldream.42.Howistheinformationinthesecondparagraphorganized?A.Bylistingeventsintheordertheyhappened.B.BydescribingNyad’sfeelingsduringeachswim.C.ByexplainingwhyNyadbrokeswimmingrecords.D.BycomparingNyad’sswimmingspeedwithothers.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fellshort”probablymeaninParagraph3?A.Endedinfailure. B.Wasstoppedbydangers.C.Wasshorterthanplanned. D.Tooklesstimethanexpected.44.WhatdidNyaddoaftershefinishedherswimmingcareer?A.ShetrainedyoungswimmerstoachievetheirOlympicdreams.B.Shereportedonglobaleventsasatravelingjournalist.C.Shesharedherlifestoriesthroughwritingandspeaking.D.Sheadvocatedforsaferconditionsinlong-distanceswimming.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthechallengesofmarathonswimming.B.Todescribethehistoryoflong-distanceswimmingrecords.C.Totellthelifestoryofaninspiringanddeterminedathlete.D.TocompareNyad’sswimmingcareerwithherlaterjobs.【答案】41.D42.A43.A44.C45.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国长距离游泳运动员DianaNyad的人生故事，她因健康问题无缘奥运会后转向马拉松游泳，多次打破纪录，并在退役后继续通过写作和演讲激励他人，展现了她坚韧不拔的精神。【41题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Likemanyyoungathletes,shedreamedofcompetingintheOlympics,butaseriousillnessruinedherchancetoqualifyfortheGames.However,thedisappointmentdidnotstopherfrommovingforward.Instead,sheturnedherfocustomarathonswimming.(像许多年轻的运动员一样，她梦想参加奥运会，但一场重病毁掉了她获得奥运会参赛资格的机会。然而，这次失望并没有阻止她继续前进。相反，她把注意力转向了马拉松游泳。)”可知，Nyad转向马拉松游泳的关键原因是健康问题阻碍了她实现最初的奥运梦想，故选D。【42题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Overthenexttenyears,Nyaddedicatedherselftobecomingoneoftheworld’stoplong-distanceswimmers.In1970,sheswamaten-milemarathoninLakeOntario,settingthewomen’srecordforthatcourse.In1972,shebrokeanotherrecordbyswimming102.5milesfromaBahamianislandtotheFloridacoast.Then,in1975,shebrokeathirdrecordwhensheswamaroundManhattanIsland.(在接下来的十年里，尼亚德致力于成为世界顶尖的长距离游泳运动员之一。1970年，她在安大略湖游了一场十英里的马拉松比赛，创下了该赛程的女子纪录。1972年，她从巴哈马群岛的一个岛屿游到佛罗里达海岸，全程102.5英里，打破了另一项纪录。接着在1975年，她游完了曼哈顿岛一圈，又打破了第三项纪录。)”可知，第二段的信息是按照时间顺序（1970年、1972年、1975年）列举了Nyad打破纪录的事件，故选A。【43题详析】词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Afterbattlingthewaterfortwodays,shewasforcedtoabandontheattempttoprotectherhealthandsafety.(在与海水搏斗了两天后，为了保护自己的健康和安全，她被迫放弃了这次尝试。)”以及划线部分后Nyad的感悟“IbelievedIhadalreadytouchedtheothershore.(我相信我已经触及了彼岸。)”可推知，她的这次游泳尝试并未成功到达终点，是以失败告终，故“fellshort”意为“以失败告终”，故选A。【44题详析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“WhenNyadeventuallyretiredfromswimming,shecontinuedtotakeonnewchallenges:travelingtheworldasareporter,writingbooks,anddeliveringpublicspeechesaboutherlifejourney.(当Nyad最终从游泳界退役后，她继续接受新的挑战：作为记者环游世界、写书、以及发表关于她人生旅程的公开演讲。)”可知，她退役后通过写作和演讲分享了自己的人生故事，故选C。【45题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，文章第一段讲述了Nyad因健康问题无缘奥运后转向马拉松游泳；第二段讲述她多次打破纪录；第三段讲述她一次失败尝试后对成功的重新定义；最后一段讲述她退役后继续激励他人。全文围绕Nyad的人生经历展开，展现了她作为一位鼓舞人心且意志坚定的运动员的形象，故选C。CToday,thenumberofAsianelephantsseemstobegoingupinsomeplaces.By2021,theelephantpopulationinSriLankawasbacktonearly6,000.Butthere’sabiggerproblem:thehumanpopulationhasgrownevenfaster.SriLankaisabout25,000squaremiles,butithasalmost22millionpeople.ThatmeanselephantsinSriLankadon’thavemuchspacetomovearound.Thelandtheyusedtoliveonhasbeenturnedintotownsandfarms.Sohumansandelephantsarefightingmoreandmore.Whenelephantsfindfarmers’crops,thefarmersoftenlosealotofmoney.Sometimes,thesefightsevengetdangerous.Itallcomesdowntothisriddle:Howcananenormousanimalkeeplivingwellonacontinentwherespaceisonlygettingmorelimited?Theanswermightlieinunderstandingtheelephantsthemselves,notjustasaspeciesbutasindividuals.SinceJanuary2019,SateeshVenkatesh,agraduatestudentwhoisresearchingelephants,andhisteamhavebeengivingthePVC-pipetesttoelephantstoobservetheirproblem-solvingstyles.Inthetest,appleshadbeenplacedinsidethepipes,andtheelephants’taskwastogettheapplesout.Doelephantsthatapproachedthepipehesitantlyalsostayfartherfromfarmers’fields?Dotheoneswhotoreatthepipeforcefullyalsobravethefirecrackers(鞭炮)andflashinglightsthefarmerssetofftoscarethemawayatnight?Ifelephantswhoarerisk-takerscanbeidentified,maybethescientistswillbeabletofigureouthowtobetterkeepthemoutoffarmsandthusreduceconflictwithpeople.Besides,learningallthedifferentmethodselephantsemploytotakedownanelectricfencewouldprobablybehelpfulfordesigningbetterfences.“It’sallveryidealisticatthispoint,Ihavetoadmit,”saysVenkatesh.“Butit’safreshapproach.Whenachild,forexample,istoldtheycan’thavethecookies,hestillwantsacookie.Butwedon’tputupanelectricfenceinthekitchentopreventourchildren.Wecomeupwithnon-harmful,positivewaystokeepthemawayfromthecookies.Ithinkwecandothesameforelephants.”46.WhyarehumansandelephantsfightingmoreinSriLanka?A.Asianelephantseatcropsanddestroyfarms.B.Humanpopulationgrowsfasterleavingelephantslessspace.C.Elephantsoftenfightwithhumansoverlivingareas.D.SriLanka’sclimatechangesmakingelephantsmoveareas.47.WhatisthepurposeofthePVC-pipetestconductedbySateeshVenkatesh’steam?A.Tocheckhowfastelephantsfindapples.B.Totestifpipesblockelephants.C.Tocompareelephants’eatinghabits.D.Tolearnhowelephantssolveproblems.48.Whatcanhelpreduceconflictbetweenhumansandelephantsaccordingtothepassage?A.Driverisk-takingelephantsawayfromfarms.B.Identifyrisk-takersanddesignbetterfences.C.Teachelephantstoavoidelectricfences.D.Stopusingelectricfencesaroundfarms.49.WhatdoesVenkateshmeanbycomparingelephantstochildren?A.Guideelephantsgentlywithsafemethods,likekids.B.Elephantsneedtolearnrules,justlikekids.C.Electricfencesdon’tworkforkidsorelephants.D.Bothneedstrictcontroltostopbadbehavior.50.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Farmsvs.ElephantAttacksinSriLankaTodayB.MoreElephantsNowLivinginSriLankaAreaC.Elephants’Problem-SolvingSkillsinPipeTestsD.ReduceHuman-ElephantFights:StudyPersonalities【答案】46.B47.D48.B49.A50.D第Ⅱ卷【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯里兰卡人象冲突加剧的背景，以及科学家通过研究大象的个体性格与问题解决方式，探索减少人象冲突的新方法。【46题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butthere’sabiggerproblem:thehumanpopulationhasgrownevenfaster.SriLankaisabout25,000squaremiles,butithasalmost22millionpeople.ThatmeanselephantsinSriLankadon’thavemuchspacetomovearound.Thelandtheyusedtoliveonhasbeenturnedintotownsandfarms.Sohumansandelephantsarefightingmoreandmore.(但有一个更大的问题：人类人口增长得更快。斯里兰卡面积约2.5万平方英里，却有近2200万人口。这意味着斯里兰卡的大象没有太多活动空间。它们曾经生活的土地已经变成了城镇和农场。因此，人类和大象之间的冲突越来越多。)”可知，人类人口增长更快，导致大象的生存空间减少，所以斯里兰卡的人象冲突加剧。故选B。【47题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“SinceJanuary2019,SateeshVenkatesh,agraduatestudentwhoisresearchingelephants,andhisteamhavebeengivingthePVC-pipetesttoelephantstoobservetheirproblem-solvingstyles.(自2019年1月以来，研究大象的研究生SateeshVenkatesh和他的团队一直在对大象进行PVC管测试，以观察它们解决问题的方式。)”可知，SateeshVenkatesh团队进行PVC管测试的目的是了解大象如何解决问题。故选D。【48题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Ifelephantswhoarerisk-takerscanbeidentified,maybethescientistswillbeabletofigureouthowtobetterkeepthemoutoffarmsandthusreduceconflictwithpeople.Besides,learningallthedifferentmethodselephantsemploytotakedownanelectricfencewouldprobablybehelpfulfordesigningbetterfences.(如果能识别出具有冒险精神的大象，也许科学家们就能想出更好的办法让它们远离农场，从而减少与人的冲突。此外，了解大象用来推倒电围栏的各种不同方法，可能有助于设计更好的围栏。)”可知，识别具有冒险精神的大象并设计更好的围栏有助于减少人象冲突。故选B。【49题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenachild,forexample,istoldtheycan’thavethecookies,hestillwantsacookie.Butwedon’tputupanelectricfenceinthekitchentopreventourchildren.Wecomeupwithnon-harmful,positivewaystokeepthemawayfromthecookies.Ithinkwecandothesameforelephants.(例如，当一个孩子被告知不能吃饼干时，他仍然想要。但我们不会在厨房设置电围栏来阻止孩子。我们会想出无害、积极的方法让他们远离饼干。我认为我们也可以对大象做同样的事。)”可知，Venkatesh将大象比作孩子，是想表达应该用安全、温和的方法引导大象，就像对待孩子一样。故选A。【50题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“It