考研英语模拟试卷123

考研英语模拟试卷123

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

YearafteryearadedicatedSwedishchemistworkedtofindasubstancewhich,when

(1)nitroglycerine(硝化甘油),wouldmakeexplosivessafertohandle(2)

weakeningtheirforce.Hehadapersonal(3)scientificreasontopursuehissearch,

becausehis(4)brotherhadbeenkilledwhenacanofnitroglycerine(5)

exploded.Theoilyliquidhadbeen(6)forsomanydisastersthatits(7)had

finallybeenoutlawedbymanycountries.While(8)anewformulaonemorning,

thedoctorbrokeatesttubeandgashed(划开)hisfinger.Hewasdaubing(涂搽)the

(9)withcollodion(火棉胶)，acoalingsolutionofgun-cottondissolvedine由er-

alcohol(乙醛)，(10)theideastruckhitn-mixcollodionwiththenitroglycerine!

(11)wastheanswer.Thenewmixture,(12)blastinggelatine(爆胶),wasnot

only(13)safetohandleasdynamite,butitwasalsoonc-and-a-halftimesmore

powerful!Infact,sopowerful(14)thatitpavedthewayforawholenew

(15)inconstructionandengineering.Mineswere(16),roadswerebuilt,and

canalswerecutataspeedonce(17)impossible.Ithadanotheruse,also-deathand

destructioninwarfare.Itsinventorhadbelievedthatthepowerofhisnew(18)

wouldsoawethemilitarymindthatitwouldactuallybeadeterrenttowar.(19)i(

becameaweaponthatbroughtdeathlomillionsofsoldiersand(20).

1、YearafteryearadedicatedSwedishchemistworkedtofindasubstancewhich,when

(1)nitroglycerine(硝化甘油)，wouldmakeexplosivess<ifertohandle(2)

weakeningtheirforce.Hehadapersonal(3)scientificreasontopursuehissearch,

becausehis(4)brotherhadbeenkilledwhenacanofnitroglycerine(5)

exploded.Theoilyliquidhadbeen(6)forsomanydisastersthatits(7)had

finallybeenoutlawedbymanycountries.While(8)anewformulaonemorning,

thedoctorbrokeatesttubeandgashed(划开)hisfinger.Hewasdaubing(涂搽)ihe

(9)wilhcollodion(火棉胶)，acoalingsolutionofgun-coliondissolvedineiher-

alcohol(乙醛)，(10)theideastruckhim-mixcollodionwiththenitroglycerine!

(11)wastheanswer.Thenewmixture,(12)blastinggelatine(爆胶)，wasnot

only(13)safetohandleasdynamite,butitwasalsoone-and-a-halftimesmore

powerful!Infact,sopowerful(14)thatitpavedthewayforawholenew

(15)inconstructionandengineering.Mineswere(16),roadswerebuilt,and

canalswerecutataspeedonce(17)impossible.Ithadanotheruse,also-deathand

destructioninwarfare.Itsinventorhadbelievedthatthepowerofhisnew(18)

wouldsoawethemilitarymindthatitwouldactuallybeadeterrenttowar.(19)it

becameaweaponthatbroughtdeathtomillionsofsoldiersand(20).

A、mixingwith

B、mixedwith

C、wasmixingwith

D^wasmixedwith

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考杳对省略句的掌握程度。这是一个省略句，被省略的主语与执

行者形成被动关系，因此要用过去分词形式。whenmixedwith二whenthesubstance

wasmixedwith。

2、

A、not

B、with

C^without

D^but

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查对篇章结构的理解。结合上下文，我们可知这位科学家想研

制--种即安全又有威力的炸药。因此选without(weakeningtheirforce)«

3、

A、also

B、and

C、aswell

D、aswellas

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对aswellas的用法的掌握程度。aswellas强调

"personal(reason)",与下文"because”从句呼应。scientificreason是理所当然的，而

除此之外，还有pcrsonal(reason)o

4、

A、own

B、another

C、other

D、else

标准答案：A

知识2解析：本题考查结合上下文作推断的能力。因为文中提到了他的研究有一部

分是出于个人原因，所以我们可以判断是他的亲兄弟被炸死。因此用(his)own

(brother)o

5、

A、inchance

B、accidentally

C、byincident

D、unbelievably

标准答案：B.

知识点解析：本题考杳选择适当副词的能力。根据上下文，我可得知他的兄弟是因

为老式炸药不安全发生了意外爆炸而死，所以选accidentally(=bychance)o

6、

A、due

B、blamed

C、caused

D^responsible

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对固定词组的记忆。(hadbeen)responsiblefor表示"(一直是)

导致…的原因";如用blame一1词，须说betoblamefor。

7、

A、building

B、structure

C、mixing

D、manufacture

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考杳结合上下文选择正确名词的能力。我们得知由于老式炸药不

安全，很多国家都禁止生产。而”生产、制造”一词应用iranufactureo

8、

A、experimentingwith

B、experimentingon

C、experimentedwith

D^experimentedon

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查对介词搭配的掌握情况。experimentwith作“试验”解，而

experimenton为"用...做实验”之意。

9、

A、split

B、scar

C、wound

D^damage

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查对词义的辨析能力。wound意为“伤口”,切合题意，而split

和scar分别为“裂口“和“伤疤”之意。

10、

A、when

as

15、

A、time

B、era

C、aspect

D、period

标准答案：D

知识点解析:本题考查对同义的辨析能力。(forawholenew)era,意为"。(整整一

个新)时代”。

16、

A^exploded

B、openedup

C、dugout

D^explored

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对词义的辨析能力。(Mineswere)opened叩，意为"矿山被开

采"。

17、

A、believing

B、regarding

C、regarded

D、believed

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对词义的辨析能力。believed作”被认为“解，用regarded则

须加aso

18、

A、weapon

mixture

C、explosive

D、discovery

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查对词义的辨析能力。explosive此处作“炸药”解。

19、

A^Rather

B、Differently

C、Despite

D、Instead

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考杳刈篇章理解和运用恰当副词的能力。instead作“反而“、“却”

解。

20、

A、officials

B、civilians

C、citizens

D^generals

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对名词词义的辨析能力。civilians(“平民百姓”)，与前面

soldiers相对应。

二、阅读(常规阅读理解)(本题共2。题，每题7.0

分，共20分。)

Indiahasaboutabillionpeopleandadozenmajorlanguagesofitsown.Onelanguage,

andonlyone,isunderstood-bytheclitc-acrossthecountry:thatoftheforeignerswho

ruledIndiaforlessthan200yearsandleft52yearsago.Today,India.Tomorrow,

unofficially,theworld.Thatiswellunderway;atfirst,becausetheBritishnotonlybuilt

globalempirebutalsoitwassettledbyAmerica,andnowbecausetheworld(andnotably

America)hasacquireditsfirsttrulyglobal——andinteractive-medium,theInternet.Itis

estimatedthatsome350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage.Maybe250-

350milliondoorcanuseitasasecondlanguage;inexcolonialcountries,notably,orin

English—majorityones,like30millionrecentlyimmigrantstotheUnitedStates,or

Canada's6millionfrancophoneQuebeckers.Andelsewhere?Theguessis100million一

1billiondependinghowyoudefine"can".Letusbehold:inall,20-25%ofearth's6

billionpeoplecanuseEnglish;nottheEnglishofEngland,letaloneofDr.Johnson,but

English.Thatnumberissoaringaseachyearbringsnewpupilstoschoolandcarriesof

monolingualoldies—andnowastheInternetspreads.Andtheprocessisself-reinforcing.

Asbusinessspreadsacrossfrontiers,thecompanythatwantsmoveitsexecutives

around,andtopromotethebestofthem,regardlessofnationality,encouragestheusesof

English.Sotheexecutivewhowantstobeintheframe,or'tomovetoanotheremployer,

learnstouseit.Englishhaslongdominatedlearnedjournals:German,RussianorFrench

(dependingonthefield)maybeusefultotheirexpertreaders,butEnglishisessential.So,

ifyouwantyourownworkpublished—andwidelyreadbyyourpeers—thenEnglishis

(helanguageofchoice.Thegrowthofthecinema,andstillmoresooftelevision,has

spread(hedominantlanguage.Foreignmoviesorsitcomsmaybedubbedintomajor

languages,butfbrsmalleraudiencestheyareusuallysubtitlec.Result:aDutchorDanish

orevenArabfamilyhasanaudio-visuallearningaidinitsliving-room,andusuallythe

languagespokenon-screenisEnglish.ThebirthofthecomputeranditsAmerican

operatingsystemsgaveEnglishanudgeahead:thatoftheInternethasgivenitahuge

push.Anyweb-linkedhouseholdtodayhasalibraryofinformationavailableattheclick

ofamouse.And,unlikethebooksonitsownshelvesorinthepubliclibrary,maybefour-

fifthsiswritteninEnglish.Thatproponionmaylessen,asmorenon-Englishsitesspring

up.ButEnglishwillsurelydominate.

21Theauthorcites(heexampleofIndiatoshow.

A、thebackwardnessofitsownlanguage

B、theimportanceoflearningEnglish

C^(hewidespreadofEnglishlanguage

D、thegreatinfluenceoftheBritishempire

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查对作者意图的理解，属于观点题。文章一开始提到了印度的

情况，印度约有十亿人口和自己的一大打语种，而全国通用、为全国精英所掌握的

语言只有一种，那就是英语。不难推断，作者用这个例子的目的绝不是表现印度自

己语种的落后，也不是表现曾经统治过印度的天帝国有多么强大，而是为了显示英

语在全球的广泛应用以及巨大影响。

22、Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat.

A、20-25%ofearth's6billionpeoplecanuseAmericanEnglish

B、20-25%ofearth's6billionpeoplecanuseDr.Johnson'sEnglish

C、20-25%ofearth's6billionpeoplecanusestandardEnglish

D、20-25%ofearth's6billionpeoplecanuseEnglishthoughnotidiomatic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：木题考查对作者意图的理解，属于观点题。仔细阅读文章第三段最后

一句话，我们可得出答案。"20-25%ofearth's6billionpeoplecanuseEnglish；not

theEnglishofEngland,letaloneofDr.Johnson,butEnglish",这个句子用了借代的

修辞手法，theEnglishofEngland,Dr.Johnson'sEnglish均指代idiomaticEnglish,

地道的英语，Dr.Johnson是英国独自系统地编写第一部英语字典的人。

23、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedwhentheauthorexplainsthereasonsof

(herapidgrowingnumberofEnglishspeaker?

A、NewpupilsarcrequiredtolearnEnglishatschool.

B、MonolingualoldpeopleareencouragedtospeakEnglish.

C、EmployeeshavetolearnEnglishiftheywanttogetachanceofpromotion.

D、ScholarsuseEnglishasthelanguageoftheiracademicworksmoreoftenthanother

languages.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对文章细节内容的理解。文章第四段谈到说英语的人数在飞

快增加时，分析了三个原因，首先是每年有新学生进小学，有使用单语种的老年人

死去，这就意味着孩子们在小学就开始学英语；其次是每家公司在流动人员，提拔

优秀人员时，也鼓励他们使用英语；最后学术刊物中占主导地位的语言是英语。因

此，对比以上内容，只有答案选项的内容文章没有谈及。

24、Foreignmovieswon'tbedubbedintomajorlanguagewhen.

A^therearenotmanyaudiences

B、all(heaudiencesknow(hatforeignlanguage

C、theaudiencesdon'tlikei:verymuch

D、thelanguagespokenon-screenisEnglish

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查根据文章内容作判断的能力。文章第五段中有一句"Foreign

moviesorsitcomsmaybedubbedintomajorlanguages,butforsmalleraudiencesthey

areusuallysubtitled".此句意为：外国电影或情景喜剧可能配译主要语言，但针对

小范围的观众时往往只打字幕。言下之意是如果观众很多，影片就配译主要语言，

观众少时，就不进行配译了，只在下面打字幕。

25、Theword"nudge"inthefirstsentenceofparagraphsixmeans.

A、progress

B、encouragement

C、push

D、growth

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查根据上下文推断生词意义的能力。文章最后一段有

"...AmericanoperatingsystemgaveEnglishanudgeahead",紧接后一句是"thatofthe

Internethasgivenitahugepush".因此可推断nudge应和push是同义词,这题容易

选progress,我们把progress放入原句中,可发现progress不能与give搭配，应与

make搭配，故可排除。nudge意为"aslight5gentlepush,csp.withtheclbuw"轻

推。

Eachadvanceinmicroscopictechniquehasprovidedscientistswithnewperspectiveson

thefunctionoflivingorganismsandthenatureofmatteritself.Theinventionofthe

visible-lightmicroscopelateinthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknown

realmofsinglecelledplantsandanimals.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscope

haveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.Nowanothertype

ofmicroscope,onethatutilizesXraysratherthanlightorelectrons,offersadifferent

wayofexaminingtinydetaik;itshouldextendhumanperceptionstillfartherintothe

naturalworld.ThedreamofbuildinganX-raymicroscopedalesto1895:its

development,however,wasvirtuallyhaltedinthe1940'sbecausethedevelopmentofthe

electronmicroscopewasprogressingrapidly.Duringthe1940's,electronmicroscopes

routinelyachievedresolutionbetterthanthatpossiblewithavisible-lightmicroscope,

whiletheperformanceofX-raymicroscopesresistedimprovement.Inrecentyears,

however,interestinX-raymicroscopeshasrevived,largelybecauseofadvancessuchas

thedevelopmentofnewsourcesofX-rayillumination.Asaresult,thebrightness

availabletodayismillions,oftimesthatofX-raytubes,which,formostofthecentury,

weretheonlyavailablesourcesofsoftX-rays.ThenewX-raymicroscopesconsiderably

improveontheresolutionprovidedbyopticalmicroscopes.Theycanalsobeusedtomap

(hedistributionofcertainchemicalelements.Somecanformpicturesinextremelyshort

times;othersholdthepromiseofspecialcapabilitiessuchasthree-dimensionalimaging.

Unlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy.X-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobe

keptinairandinwater,whichmeans(hatbiologicalsamplescanbestudiedunder

conditionssimilarto(heirnaturalstate.Theilluminationused,so-calledsoftXraysinthe

wavelengthrangeoftwentytofortyangstroms(anangstromisoneten-billionthofa

meter),isalsosufficientlypenetratingto,imageintactbiologicalcellsinmanycases.

BecauseofthewavelengthoftheXraysused,softX-raymicroscopeswillnevermatch

thehighestresolutionpossiblewithelectronmicroscopes.Rather,theirspecialproperties

willmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-and-

electron-basedinstruments.

26、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A、Thedetailseenthroughamicroscope.

B、Sourcesofilluminationformicroscopes.

C、Anewkindofmicroscope.

D^Outdatedmicroscopictechniques.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查通读文章，概括大意的能力。文章第一段介绍了显微镜的发

展，即从光学显微镜到电子显微镜再到x射线显微镜。笫二、三段则着重介绍了新

型的x射线显微镜。因此，这篇文章主要讨论了一种新型的显微镜。

27、Accordingtothepassage,theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopeallowed

scientiststo.

A、seevirusesdirectly

B、developtheelectronmicroscopelateron

C、understandmoreaboutthedistributionofthechemicalelements

D、discoversingle-celledplantsanalanimalstheyhadneverseenbefore

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对文章细节的了解。本题是考对最初的光学显微镜的评价，

可从第一段第二句话中得到答案。"Theinventionofthevisible-lightmicroscopelate

inthesixteenthcenturyintroducedapreviouslyunknownrealmofsingle-celledplants

andanimals”。

28、Whydoestheauthormentionthevisible-lightmicroscopeinthefirstparagraph?

A^Tobeginadiscussion,ofsixteenth-centurydiscoveries.

B,ToputtheX-raymicroscopeinahistoricalperspective.

C^Toshowhowlimiteditsusesare.

D^Toexplainhowitfunctioned.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查了解文章如何布局，以及各段之间承接关系的能力，属于难

度较高的题。文章第一段介绍了显微镜的发展，并由此引出展开，详细介绍了x射

线显微镜的发展情况。因此，文章开始提到光学显微镜是为了对显微镜的发展作一

个历史回顾。

29、WhydidittakesolongtodeveloptheX-raymicroscope?

A、Fundsforresearchwereinsufficient.

B、Thesourceofilluminationwasnotbrightenoughuntilrecently.

C、MaterialsusedtomanufactureX-raytubesweredifficulttoobtain.

D^X-raymicroscopesweretoocomplicatedtooperate.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考杳对文章细节部分理解的能力。文庠第二段详细介绍了X射

线显微镜为什么经过那样长时间才得到发展。文章谈到，在四十年代，电子显微镜

由于其分辨率大大提高而得到很大的发展，但X射线显微镜却因为没有任何改进

而停滞不前。近几年，X射线显微镜得到关注大部分是因为“thedevelopmentofnew

sourcesofX-rayiHumination"这种采用新的照明源的X射线显微镜没得到发展是因

为照明源的亮度不够。

30^Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutX-ray

microscopesinthefuture?

A、Theywillprobablyreplaceelectronmicroscopesaltogether.

B、Theywilleventuallyhemuchcheapertoproducethantheyarenow.

C、Theywillprovideinformationnotavailablefromotherkindsofmicroscopes.

D、Theywilleventuallychangetheilluminationrangethattheynowuse.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考杳根捱己知信息进行推断的能力。由文章的最后一句话

"Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplement

(hoseperformedwithlight-and-electronbasedinstruments".我们得知,X射线显微镜

因其特殊的性质，对光电显微馍是一个补充。其言下之意就是，x射线显微镜能提

供其它种类显微镜所不能提供的信息。

Formillionsofyearswehaveknownaworldwhoseresourceseemedillimitablehowever

fast,wecutdowntrees,natureunaidedwouldreplacethem.Howevermanyfishwecook

fromthesea,naturewouldrestockil.Howevermuchsewagewedumpedinto(heriver,

naturewouldpurifyit,justasshewouldpurifytheair,howevermuchsmokeandfumes

weputintoit.Todaywehavereachedthestageofrealizingthatriverscanbepolluted

pastprayingfor,thatseascanbeoverfishedandtheforestsmustbemanagedand

fosterediftheyarenottovanish.Butwestillretainourprimitiveoptimismaboutairand

water.Therewillalwaysbeenoughrainfallingfromtheskiestomeetourneeds.Theair

canabsorballthefilthwecan?toputinit.Stilllessdoweworrywhetherwecouldever

runshortofoxygen.Surelythereisairenoughtobreathe.Whoeveraskswhereoxygen

comesfrom,tobeginwith?Tlicyshould-forwcnowconsumeabout10percentofall

theatmosphericoxygeneveryyear,thankstothemanyformsofcombustionwhich

destroyit;everycar,aircraftandpowerstationdestroysoxygeninquantitiesfargreater

(hanmenconsumebybreathing.Thefactiswearejustbeginningtopressupagainstthe

limitsof(heearth'scapacity.Webegintohavetowatchwhatwearedoingtothingslike

walerandoxygen,justaswehavetowatchwhetherweareoverfishingoroverfelling.

Therealizationhasdawnedthattheearthisaspaceshipwithstrictlylimitedresources.

Theseresourcesmust,inthelongrun,berecycled,eitherbynatureorbyman.Justasthe

astronaut'surineispurifiedtoprovidedrinkingwaterandjustashisexpiredairis

regeneratedtobebreathedanew,soalltheearth'sresourcesmustberecycled,sooneror

later.Uptonow,theslowpaceofnature'sownrecyclinghasserved,coupledwiththe

factthat(he"workingcapital-ofalreadyrecycledmaterialwaslarge.Bui(hemarginsare

gettingsmallerandifmen,inevenlargernumbers,aregoingtorequireevenlarger

quantities,thepaceofrecyclingwillhavetobeartificiallyquickened.Allwehaveisa

narrowbandofusableatmosphere,nomorethansevenmileshigh,athincrustofland,

onlyoneeighthofthesurfaceofwhichisreallysuitableforpeopletoliveon,anda

limitedsupplyofdrinkablewater,whichwecontinuallyreuse.Andintheearth,wehave

acapitaloffossilfuelsandores,which,westeadilyrundownbillionsoftimesfasterthan

nature,restoresit.Theseresourcesareliedtogetherinacomplexsetoftransactions.The

airhelpspurify(hewater,thewaterirrigatestheplants,theplantshelptorenewtheair.

Weheedlesslyinterveneinthesetransactions.Forinstance,wecutdowntheforests,

whichtranspirewaterandoxygen,webuilddamsandpipelinewhichlimitthemovement

ofanimals,wepavetheearthandbuildreservoirs,alteringthewatercycle.Sofar,nature

hasblushedofftheseinjuriesaspinprick.Butnowwearebecomingsostrong,soclever

andsonumerous,thattheyarebeginningtohurt.

31、Todaytherehasbeenachangeofattitudetowardsnature.Thisisshownin.

A、thepollutionofrivers

B、theoverfishingofseas

C、theincreaseinairpollutione

D、thefosteringofforests

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对文章细节内容的理解及判断能力。文章第•段最后•句谈

到，现在人们已开始意识到河流被污染，海洋被过度捕鱼，还意识到如果不管理及

培育森林，森林也会消失。因此，在四个选项中，只有答案选项植树造林才反映了

人们对自然态度的变化，从以前的破坏到现在的保护。

32、Theanalogydrawnbetweentheearthandaspaceshipistoillustratetheideaof

onearth.

A、unlimitedresources

limitedresources

C、recycling

D^regeneration

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对文章所用比喻的理解，属于细节题。从文章第三段中可直

接找到这道题的答案，"Therealizationhasdawnedthattheearthisaspaceshipwith

strictlylimitedresources".很明显，把地球比作宇宙飞船，是说明地球上的资源非

常有限。

33、Thepaceofrecyclingwillhavetobeartificiallyquickenedbecause.

A、nature'sownpaceisslowingdownrapidly

B、the"workingcapital"ofrecycledmaterialhasallbeenusedup

C、theearth'sresourcescannotbereplacedbyman

D^theearth'sgrowingpopulationrequiresmoreandmoreresources

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考杳刈文章中关键句子的理解，也属细节题。本题可从第三段最

后一句中得出答案，"Butthemarginsaregettingsmallerandifmen,inevenlarger

numbersiaregoingtorequireevenlargerquantities,thepaceofrecyclingwillhaveto

beartificiallyquickened".这里讲到，人类的数量日益增加对资源的需求也随之增

加，为了使地球资源保持平衡的消耗速度，就必须人为地加快对资源再循环利用的

进程。

34、Whatdoesthesentence"Theairhelpspurifythewater"illustrate?

A、Theecologicalbalance.

B、Thewatercycle.

C、Theearth'slimitedresources.

D、Thelifecycle.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查利用文章内容进行推断的能力。"Theairhelpspurifyihe

water”这句话出现在文章第四段的最后一部分，根据该句前面一句的内容”These

resourcesaretiedtogetherinacomplexsetoftransactions".我们不难看出这里讲到是

生态链及生态平衡的问题。

35、Whichofthefollowingbestconveysthe5ideathatmanhasbeencarelessand

unconcernedinhisrelationshipwithnature?

A、Hehasexploitedtheearth'sresources.

B、Hehasshownlittleunderstandingofnature'sways.

C、Hehasabusedtheearth'sresources.

D、Hehasnotappreciatednature'sbeautyandbenefitssufficiently.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考杳对文章观点的理解，属于观点题。”人类开发利用地球的自

然资源“，“人类不理解自然的平衡方式“以及“人类不会欣赏自然美且不会从中受益

”均不能表示人类与自然的不和谐关系。只有”人类滥用地球资源”才反映出人与自

然的关系不和谐。

Oneofthemostauthoritativespeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceofthe

advertisers.Itsstridentclamordominatesourlives.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevision

screenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;plucks

atoursleevesontheescalator;signalstousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayand

flashesmessagestousincolouredlightsallnight.Ithasforcedonusawholenew

conceptionofthesuccessfulmanasamannolessthan20%ofwhosemailconsistsof

announcementsofgiantcarpetsales.AdvertisinghasbeenamongEngland'sbiggest

growthindustriessincethewar,intermsoftheratioofmoneyearningstodemonstrable

achievement.Whyall(hisfantasticexpenditure?Perhapstheansweristhatadvertising

savesthemanufacturersfromhaving(othinkaboutthecustomer.Atthestageof

designinganddevelopingaproduct,(hereisquiteenough(othinkaboutwithout

worryingoverwhetheranybodywillwanttobuyit.Thedesignerisbusyenoughwithout

addingcustomerappeal(oallhisotherproblemsofman-hoursandmachine(olerances

andstressfactors.Sotheyjustgoaheadandmakethethingandleaveittotheadvertiser

(ofindelevenwaysofmakingitappealcopurchasersaftertheyhavefinishedii,by

pretendingthatitconfersstatus,orattractslove,orsignifiesmanliness.Iftheadvertising

agencycandothisauthoritativelyenough,themanufacturerisinclover.Other

manufacturersfindadvertisingsavesthemchangingtheirproduct.Andmanufacturers

havechange.Theidealproductisonewhichgoesonunchangedforever.If,therefore,

foronereasonoranother,somealterationseemscalledfor—howmuchbettertochange

(heimage,thepacketorthepitchmadebytheproduct,ratherthangotoallthe

inconvenienceofchangingtheproductitself.Theadvertisingmanhastocombine(he

qualitiesofthethreemostauthoritativeprofessions:Church,Bar,andMedicine.The

greatskillrequiredofourpriests,mosthighlydevelopedinmissionariesbutpresent,

indeedmandatory,inall,istheskillofgettingpeopletobelieveinandcontributemoney

tosomethingwhichcanneverbelogicallyproved.AttheBar,anessentialabilityisthat

ofpresentingthemostpersuasivecaseyoucantoajuryofordinarypeople,with

emotionalappealsmasqueradingaslogicalexposition;acaseyoudonotnecessarilyhave

tobelieveinyourself,justoneyouhavestudiouslyavoideddiscoveringtobefalse.As

forMedicine,anydoctorwillconfirmthatalargepartofhisjobisnotclinicaltreatment

butfaithhealing.Hisapparentlyscientificapproachenableshispatientstobelievethathe

knowsexactlywhatiswrongwiththemandexactlywhattheyneedtoputthemright,just

asadvertisingdoes—"Rundown?Youneed...""Noonewilldancewithyou?Adab-win

makeyoupopular."Advertisingmenusestatisticsratherlikeadrankusesalamp-post

forsupportratherthanillumination.Theywilldressanyoneupinawhitecoattoappear

likeanunimpeachableauthorityor,failingthat,theywillevenbehappywiththe

announcement,"Asusedby90%oftheactorswhoplaydoctorsontelevision."Their

engagingqualityisthattheyenjoyhaving(heirlatestrosesuncoveredalmostasmuchas

anyoneelse.

36、Accordingtothepassage,modemadvertisingis"authoritative"becauseoftheway

it.

A、influencesourimageofthekindofpersonweoughttobelike

B、interfereswiththeprivacyofhomelife

C、continuallyforcesusintobuyingthings

D、distractsusnomalterwherewetravel

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查了解细节内容并做出判断的能力。文章第一段讲到了现在最

具“权威的”声音是广告人的声音，通过后文举的例子：从电视上、收音机里、报纸

上、电梯里、街道两边的大广告牌上都可以听到或看到广告，我们可以推断出答案

选项是正确的，无论走到哪儿，广告都在分散我们的注意力。该题其他三个选项的

干扰性也颇强，但经过分析可发现，第一段提到广告存在的地方与home无关，也

与privacy无关，同时，这里也没提到广告可以强迫人们买东西；虽然最后一句戏

谑地讲到“广告使我们对成功人士有了全新的概念”，但这不等于可以影响我们想成

为的那一种形象，因此排除其他三个选项。

37、Advertisersareappreciatedbymanufacturersbecause(hey.

A、advisethemonwaysofgivingaproductcustomer-appeal

B、acceptresponsibilitytorgivingaproductcustomer-appeal

C、advise(hemon(hebestlimetogoaheadwithproduction

D^consultthemduringthedesignanddevelopmentstages

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考杳对相关内容的理解能力。文章第三段解释了为什么生产商如

此热衷于为产品做广告。其中关键一句"Sotheyjustgoaheadandmakethethingand

leaveittotheadvertisertofindelevenwaysofmakingitappealtopurchasersafterthey

havefinishedit,"即生产商只顾生产商品，而让广告者想京一切办法使商品能吸弓I顾

客。

38、Accordingtothepassage,customersareattractedtoaproductbecauseitappearsto

A、haveasufficientlyattractivedesign

B、offergoodvalueformoney

C、fulfillthemanufacturersclaims

D、satisfytheirpersonalneeds

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考查对相关内容作推断的能力。文章第三段最后部分提到广告者

以买了该商品能”改变社会地位，引起别人的爱慕，或象征男性的力量”等花言巧语

来招揽顾客，而"confersstaius,orattractslove,orsignifiesmanliness”这些均属「顾

客的personalneedso

39TheadvertisingmanissaidtosharewiththeChurch,theBar,andMedicine,the

abilityto.

A、convincepeopleofthetruth

B、winpeopledconfidence

C、acceptpeople'sprejudices

D、exploitpeople'sfears

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对细节内容的总结能力。文章第五段提到广告者应具备牧

师、律师、医师的共同特点，那就是有本事让别人对你所说的话深信不疑，而不去

考虑这是真还是假，合不合乎逻辑，因此，应选：获取他人的信任。

40、Advertisingmendresspeopleupinwhitecoatbecause.

A、itmakestheiradvertisementsmoreconvincing

B、itmakestheiradvertisementsmoreconspicuous

C、themajorityofTVdoctorsaredressedupinwhitecoats

D^itmakestheactorstakethejobseriously

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查的推判能力。文章最后一段提到"Advertisingmenuse

statistics...forsupport...","Theywilldressanyoneupinawhitecoattheappearlikean

unimpeachableauthority",厂告中经常出现东向大褂的人，是因为他们蓄起来象权

威人士，这只是起一个支持作用。故选：使广告看起来更有说服力。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C、D、E、F、G)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Therearcseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)Everynowandthenastudycomesalongwhosechiefinterestliesinhow

peculiarlyaskewitsfindingsseemtobefromthecommonperceptionofthings.

Sometimes,ofcourse,the"surprisingnewstudy"itselfturnsouttobeoffinsomeway.

Butifthedataarefundamentallysound,thenwhatyoureallywanttoknowiswhy

sensiblepeopleholdsuchacontraryview.(41).Researcherslookacloserlookat

anearlierstudy(hathadbeenwidelyinterpreted,whenitwasfirstpublishedin2000,as

proofthatthehomeworkmonsterwasgrowing,andinsatiable.ATimemagazinecover

articlespawnedamini-genreoftrendstories,allpeopledbypale,exhaustedkidsand

bewilderedboomerparentswhoseownhomeworkmemoriesseemedtoencompassonly

feltpuppetsandshoe-boxdioramas.Butt