考研英语模拟试卷66

考研英语模拟试卷66

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Cigarettescanseriouslydamageyourcountryside.Fannedby112km/hSantaAnawinds,

firesweptacross4,250hectaresnearthemountaincommunityofAlpine,California.

Morethan650peoplewere(1)immediatelyfromtheirhomes.As800firefighters

(2)tocontroltheconflagration(alarge,destructivefire大火),(3)ofsmoke

(4)over9,000mandsentcloudsof(5)driftingacrossSanDiego,nearly

50kmaway.A(6)ofairtankers(acargoplanecarryingwaterorfuel运送水或燃

料的飞机)andhelicopters(7)waterandfire-retarding(8)overthearea.

Firefightersbelievethe(9)wasstartedbya(10)discardedcigarette.

California,(11)rainingatthistimeofyear,hadonly1mmofprecipitation(rain;a

quantityofraininaspecificareaataspecifictime)inDecember,making(12)the

state's(13)wintermonthin70years.Inthe1970's(14)homesandranchesin

themountainsnearAlpinewere(15)bywildfirc.Aftcrthat(16)resident

MaryTituswroteherself(17)aboutwhattodo,shouldanotherfire(18)

forcehertoflee."Ihadalistof(19)IcouldtakeifIhadfiveminutesandalistof

whatIcouldtakeifIhad30minutes."Shesaid,"Ihad30minutes,Iwas(20)"

1、Cigarettescanseriouslydamageyourcountryside.Fannedby112km/hSantaAna

winds,firesweptacross4,250hectaresnearthemountaincommunityofAlpine,

California.Morethan650peoplewere(1)immediatelyfromtheirhomes.As800

firefighters(2)tocontroltheconflagration(alarge,destructivefire大火，

(3)ofsmoke(4)over9,000mandsentcloudsof(5)driftingacrossSan

Diego,nearly50kmaway.A(6)ofairtankers(acargoplanecarryingwaterorfuel

运送水或燃料的飞机)andhelicopters(7)waterandfire-retarding(8)ever

thearea.Firefightersbelievethe(9)wasstartedbya(10)discardedcigarette.

California,(11)rainingatthistimeofyear,hadonly1mmofprecipitation(rain;a

quantityofraininaspecificareaataspecifictime)inDecember,making(12)the

state's(13)wintermonthin70years.Inthe1970's(14)homesandranches

inthemountainsnearAlpinewere(15)bywildfire.Afterthat(16)resident

MaryTituswroteherself(17)aboutwhattodo,shouldanotherfire(18)

forcehertoflee."Ihadalistof(19)IcouldtakeifIhadfiveminutesandalistof

whatIcouldtakeifIhad30minutes."Shesaid,"Ihad30minutes,Iwas(20)"

A、evacuated

B、slip

C、run

D、rush

标准答案：A

知识点解析：词汇辨析。evacualed疏散，撤出；slip滑到，悄悄塞入；rail；rush

冲奔。根据题意，650多人应该是撤出或被疏散，只有evacuated符合。

2、

A、struck

B、fought

C、struggled

D、trial

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇辨析。struck打，撞击；fought；struggled努力，奋斗，挣扎；

irial审判，考验。根据题意应是讲800名消防官兵奋战大火，只有smuggle符合。

3、

A、sets

B、columns

C^rows

D、arrays

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词汇搭配vsets套，组；columns柱，烟柱，专栏；rows排；arrays

整列，排列。本题涉及词汇知识，从搭配中很容易看出columnsofsmoke烟柱。

4、

A、rose

B、rise

C、raise

D、raised

标准答案：A

知识点解析：近义词辨析及时态。选项中rise为不及物动词，raise为及物动词，烟

柱升起应是不及物动词，再有...andsent…可见and两边对等，所以答案为rose,用

过去时态。

5、

A、ash

B>ass

C^as

D^ah

标准答案：A

知识点解析：词汇辨析。ash灰，（pl.）骨灰；ass驴，愚人；as；ah感叹词（表快

乐、悲伤、吃惊、哀鸣）。该题根据上下文，容易选出答案ash。

6、

A、armada

B、line

C^fleet

D、group

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词汇辨析。armada舰队（西班牙无敌舰队）：line线，直线；fleet船

只，舰队，团或队；group团或队，群，组，集团。该题很容易排除armada、

line,而fleel常用afleetof…表示汽车队或飞机队,可见只有fleet符合。

7、

A、splashed

dropped

C、fell

D、dripped

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词汇辨析。splashed溅湿，飞溅；dropped投放，放下，掉下；fell下

降；dripped（使）滴下。文中提出把水和减缓火势的化学药品，只能是投放到火灾

区。因此选dropped。

8、

A、chemicals

B、substance

C>chemistry

D、element

标准答案：A

知识点解析：词汇辨析。chemicals化学药品；substance物质，实质；chemistry化

学（作用）；element元件，元素。根据文章内容，投放到火灾区的只能是化学药

品,只有它能缓解火势,因此选chemicals。

9、

A、spark

B、flash

C^blaze

D、glow

标准答案：C

知识点解析：近义词辨析。spark火花，火星，闪光：flash闪光，闪现：blaze火

焰，烈火，大火；glow赤热，红光，光辉。全篇都在讲述一场大火，所以此处只

能选blazeo

10、

A、single

B、unique

C^rare

D、only

标准答案：A

知识点解析：近义词辨析。文中提到，消防队员认为大火是由一根丢弃的香烟引起

的，选项中只有single符合。

11、

A、formally

B、normally

C^morally

D、formerly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：形似词辨析。formally正式地，形式上，拘泥礼仪：nonnaHy正规

地，正常地；morally道德上地，有道德地；formerly以前的，从前。根据题意”按

照常规，现在应该是雨季，但雨却很少”，可见其他选项均不符合题意。

12、

A、it

B、that

C、which

D、what

标准答案：A

知识点解析：指代关系。该句前面讲到往年这个时候应是雨季，但今年的12月份

却只有1亳米的降雨量，可见这都在讲天气，所以此处应选it,指天气和其后的

driest构成双宾语。

13、

A、wet

B、dry

C^drier

D、driest

标准答案：D

知识点解析：上下文逻辑关系。根据上下文，很容易排除其他三个选项。

14、

A、main

large

C、major

D、principal

标准答案：A

知识点解析：近义词辨析。main最重要的，主要的；large多数的，广大的；major

较大的（数、量、程度），主要的；principal首要的，主要的。"mainhomes”为常见

表达法，”主要住宅区”。

15、

A^destroying

B、destroyed

C、destructed

D、destructing

标准答案：B

知识点解析：近义词辨析。选项中destroy为"破坏，毁坏，消灭"，而deslrucl一般

指咱毁”。

16、

A、experiment

trial

C、experience

D、event

标准答案：C

知识点解析：近义词辨析。experiment实验；trial审判，考验；experience经验

（历），体验；事件，该句前句讲到主耍住宅区和牧场遭受野火的破坏，可见

这是一种经历或经验。

17、

A、reminders

notes

C、diaries

D、warning

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上下文语义环境。reminders提示物或人，备忘录；notes通知，注

释，便条；diariesHi£；warning警告。根据上句内容，MaryTims写下的应该是

提醒自己以后面对类似情况的反应,可见应是备忘录°

18、

A、still

B、ever

C、never

D、yet

标准答案：B

知识点解析：副词中法。still用于现在时态，ever可用于过去，现在和将来时态，

never、yet语义不通，因此选ever。

19、

A、what

B、that

C^which

D、it

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语法知识。本句中of后应是宾语从句，而引导宾语从句的词还应在

句中作take宾语，可见只有what符合。

20、

A^luck

B、unlucky

C^lucky

D、unfortunate

标准答案：C

知识点解析：上下文语篇知识。根据前面MaryTitus所说的话，应选lucky”幸运

的”。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

PermitmefirsttothankourChinesehostsforyourextraordinaryarrangementsand

hospitality.MywifeandI,aswellasourentireparty,aredeeplygrateful.Intheshort

periodofsixdays,wehavegonealongerdistancethantheLongMarch.Wehave

acquiredakeensenseofthediversity,dynamism,andprogressofChinaunderyour

policiesofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.Morethaneightyearshavepassed

sincevicepremierDengXiaopingandIjoinedhandstoestablishfulldiplomaticrelations

betweenourtwogreatnations.OurhopeandvisionwastoforgeaSino-American

relationshipwhichwouldcontributetoworldpeaceandthewelfareofourtwopeoples.I

personallylookedupontheforgingoffirmSino-Americantiesasahistorically

significantexperiment.Wefacedthequestionin1978,astosomeextentwestilldo

today:Cantwonationsasdifferentasours—yoursoneoftheoldestcivilizationson

earth,mineoneoftheyoungest;yoursasocialiststateandminecommittedtocapitalism;

yoursadevelopingcountryandmineadevelopedone-cantwonationssurmountand

indeeddrawuponthesedifferencestobuildanunprecedentedanddistinctiverelationship

inworldaffairs?Ifwearesuccessful,inonegreatstepourtwonationswillhavebeen

abletoeaseoneofthegreatestsourcesoftensionininternationalaffairs:thatbetweenthe

developinganddevelopedworlds.Westillhavealongwaytogo,anditisstilltooearly

toconcludethatourexperimentwillculminateinsuccess,butcertainlytheresultsofthe

firsttenyearsarepromising.Sino-Americantieshavebecomeextensive,affectingall

aspectsofournationallives:commerce,culture,education,scientificexchangeandour

separatenationalsecuritypolicies.I'mmostproudofthelargenumberofChinese

studentsbeingeducatedinourcountry—nowabout18000.1teachsomeofthemandsee

thebenefitsthatcomefromthisexchange.Atthesametime,wearelearningvaluable

lessonsfromyou.Nonetheless,problemsremaininoureconomic,educationaland

strategicrelations.AsaprivateAmericancitizenIrecognizethatmanyoftheburdens

andopportunitiesofourrelationshiphavenowpassed（othenon-governmentalsectorsof

ourtwosocieties:toindividuals,ourcorporations,universities,researchinstitutes,

foundations,andsoon.ThereisnodoubtthatSino-Americanrelationshavereacheda

newstage.Inthiscontext,itisimportantforourtwosocietiestosearchforareasof

cooperationwhichclearlyaddtoourmutualbenefit.Inthatregard,Fmdelightedthat

Global2000-BCCIislaunchingtwoprojectsintheareaofpublichealth.Althoughours

isrelativelyquitesmall,suchactivities,whencombinedwithourcommonforeignpolicy

interestsandagrowingcommercialrelationship,shouldhelptoremovethelingering

fragilityinSi-no-Americanrelations.

21、Bysaying"...wehavegonealongerdistancethantheLongMarch"inthefirst

paragraph,thespeakerintendsto.

showthattheirvisitismoreimportantthantheLongMarch

B、showthattheyareverybusyduringthevisit

C、informtheaudienceofhistiresomefeelingofhislongdistancetravel

D^emphasizethesuccesshisvisittoChina

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。本题虽为细节题，但答案很容易推出，文章大意在于卡特总

统在欢迎会的致词以及对中美关系建立八年来的回顾，可见只有D符合。

22、TheSino-Americanrelationshipisofgreatimportancebecause.

A、thetwonationsaredifferentintheirsystems

B、thetwonationsarebigones

C、theworldpeaceandthewelfareofthetwopeoplesmaybefurtherguaranteed

D、thetwonationsbelongtodifferentworlds

标准答案：C」

知识点解析：细节题。作者在第二段中提出“我们当时希望促成中美关系，而这种

关系有助于维护世界和平以及为两国人民谋幸福”，可见只有C符合。

23>Accordingtoparagraph3,theauthortriestoemphasize.

A、thepromisingfutureofSino-Americanrelationship

B-.thedifficultiesinvolvedinSino-Americanrelationship

C、thedifferencesbetweenthetwonations

D、theslimpossibilitiesinfurtherdevelopingtherelationsbetweenthetwonations

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。在第三段中作者运用了大量对比阐述两国间的差异，可在结

尾处提到中美关系发展得非常广泛，涉及到…。可见虽有差异，但未来却相当看

好，故选A。

24、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?.

A、ThespeakerhasbeendeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangeinChina.

ThespeakerhaslittleconfidenceinthefutureofSino-Americanrelations.

C、TherearcstillmanyproblemstobesolvedconcerningSino-Amcricanrelations.

D、Therearemoreandmorenon-governmentalcontactsbetweenthetwonations.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：正误辨析题。根据文章主旨大意，该题容易推断出答案为B。

25、WhichofthefollowingmaybestdescribethetoneofthespeechbytheformerU.S.

PresidentCarter?

A^Doubtfulanduncertain

BNFriendlyandhopeful

C、Seriousandcritical

D、Casualandfriendly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。通过段首句中作者对中国领导人的感激以及随后几段对中美

关系的回顾和展望，很容易推出答案为B。

Thephysicistinvestigatingtherelationshipbetweentimeandspace,thechemistis

exploringthepropertiesofanewsubstance,thebiologistprobingthemysteriesofthe

continuityoflife,andtheanthropologistsearchingforhumanoriginsshareacommon

traitcuriosity.Notthatnonscientistsarenotcurious;mostpeoplepossessthis

characteristic.Thescientist,however,usesaspecificmethodtomakeresearchesinto

theseenigmaticproblems—thescientificmethod.Unfortunately,scienceanditsmethod

aremisunderstood.Themultiplicationofourknowledgeinmedicineandtechnologyhas

ledtoideathatsciencecancureallandexplainallandthatonlyenoughtime,moneyand

intelligenceareneeded.Intruth,sciencecan'tprovideallanswers.Infact,many

phenomenaarenotevensubjecttoscientificexplanations.Ontheothersideofthecoin,

sciencehasbeenattackedasacauseofmostcontemporaryproblems.Itissaidtobe

responsiblelorthedepersonalizationoftheindividual,forstrippingcreativityfrom

humanbehavior,andforcreatingmassivethreatstothespeciesthroughthedevelopment

ofnuclearpower,insecticideandpollutingmachinery.Ifweanalyzethesituation,wecan

seethatitwasnottheoriginalintentofthepeoplewhodevelopedcomputerstodebase

humankind,norwasmassproductionproposedasamethodtocrushcreativity.Itiswhat

society,policymakersespecially,docswithscientificandachievementsthatmakesthem

socialorantisocial.Thereisnothinginherentlygoodorbadaboutscience.

26、Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?.

A、Scientistsandtheircuriosity

B、Understandingsofscience

C^Scienceandscientificmethod

D、Misunderstandingsofscience

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。通过第二段首句unfortunately和末句manyphenomena...及第

三段首句onthesideofthecoin及末句Thereisnothinginherentlygoodorbadabout

science.容易推断出答案为D。

27、Thelastsentenceofparagraph2couldbeexplainedaswhichofthefollowing?

A、Manyphenomenacanbesubjectsofscientificexplanations

B、Manyphenomenacanfindanswersinscientificexplanations

C>Scientificexplanationscan'tprovideanswerstomanyphenomena

D、Scientificexplanationsarenotrelatedtomanyphenomena

标准答案：C

知识点解析：单句释义。该句中"besubjectto"意为"受…约束（影响），从属于，易受

到”，由此不难看出此题答案为C。

28、Theexpression"todebasehumankind,inpara.3couldbeexplainedas.

A、toprovidebasetohumankind

B、toreducethevalueofhumankind

C、togetridofhumankind

D、tocompetewithhumankind

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词语辨析题。该短语后紧跟一短语tocrushcrealivily（压制人类的创

造力），可见该短语与之意思接近，又从构词法角度考查前缀出现de-表示反义前

缀，意为“不、非”，参照该短语的前后语境，不难推出答案B。

29>Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingwillbeacceptedbythe

author?.

A^Scienceisthecauseofmodemproblems

B、Scienceitselfisneithergoodnorbad

C、Scienceleadstoenvirnninentalpollution

D、Sciencecausesmanyantisocialacts

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。该题考核对段落的理解，答案可从段首或段末找出，根据最

后一句不难看出B选项是对它的同义转述。

30、Intheexpression"Ontheothersideofthecoin"inPara.3Hthecoin"isusedtorefer

to.

A^themisunderstandingofscience

B、thescientificexplanation

C、themoneyneededinscientificresearch

D^thecuriosityofscientistsandnonscientists

标准答案：A

知识点解析：单句释义题。短语意为”任何东西都有正反面”或“在另一方面”。根据

全文，也就是说并非所有的现象，科学都能给予解释，类似的题同义转述或用同义

词替换的一般不是答案，如选项C。因此只有A符合全文意思。

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed,

hisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis

cooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremely

interestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain

characteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo

distinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwo

approachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebate

betweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenreferredtoas

"nature/nurture".Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatour

personalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarclargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgenetic

factors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,

characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheory

maintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchadegreethatwearealmost

completelygovernedbyourinstincts.Proponentsofthe"nurture"theory,or,astheyare

oftencalled,behaviorists,claimedthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanour

biologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner

seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheir

surroundings.Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;they

maintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisof

theirbehavior.Eitherofthesetheoriescannotyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,it

isquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweentheseIwoextremes.

Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

31、Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldsupportersofthe"nature"theory

agreewith?

A、Aperson'sinstinctshavelittleeffectonhisaction

B、Environmentisimportantindeterminingaperson'sbehaviorandpersonality

C、Biologicalreasonshaveastronginfluenceonhowweact

D^Thebehaviorists,viewcorrectlyexplainshowweact

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。答案可从第三段首句中"...arelargelydeterminedby...factors"

找出。

32、Whichoneofthefollowingstatementswouldproponentsofthe"nurture"theory

agreewith?.

A、Person'scharacterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisenvironment

B、Behavioristtheoryisnotcorrect

C、Biologicallybasedinstinctsareimportantinhowweact

D、Environmenthaslittletodowithbehavior

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。答案可从第四段首句找出，…environmentismoreimponant

thanour...act.选项C是对先天理论的描述。

33、B.F.Skinner.

A、supportsthenaturetheory

believesintheimportanceofgenesindeterminingpersonality

C^thinkstheenvironmentplaysanimportantroleindeterminingcharacter

D、believesinstinctsgovernbehavior

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。通过第四段可以看出，F.Skinner是后天理论的代表人物。

34、Concerningthenature/nurturecontroversy,thewriterofthisarticle.

A、supportsthenaturetheory

B>supportsthenurturetheory

C>believesbotharecompletelywrong

D^thinksthatthecorreciexplanationofhumanbehaviorwilltakeideasfromboth

theories

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。答案可从最后一段中找出，作者提出“Infact,itisquite

likely...extremes",可见答案为Do

35、IntheUnitedStates,BlackpeopleoftenscorebelowWhitepeopleonintelligence

tests,withtiiisinmind,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?.

A、NatureproponentswouldsaythatWhitesaregeneticallysuperiortoBlacks

B、SupportersofthenaturetheorywouldsaythatWhitesscorewellbecausetheyhavea

superiorenvironment

C^BehavioristswouldsaythatBlackoftenlacktheeducationalandenvironmental

nadvantagesthatWhitesenjoy

D、NurtureproponentswoulddisagreethatBlacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites

标准答案：B

知识点解析：正误辨析题。本文讲述先天理论者认为人的性格和行为主要受生物的

遗传因素决定，而后天理论却认为它们是由环境决定的。可见答案B违背中心大

意，故选Bo

Learningsciencehelpschildrentodevelopwaysofunderstandingtheworldaround

them.Forthistheyhavetobuildupconceptswhichhelpthemlinktheirexperiences

together;theymustlearnwaysofgainingandorganizinginformationandofapplying

andtestingideas.Thiscontributesnotonlytochildren'sabilitytomakebettersenseof

thingsaroundthem,butpreparesthemtodealmoreeffectivelywithwiderdecision­

makingandproblem-solvingintheirlives.Scienceisasbasicapartofeducationas

numeracyandliteracy;itdailybecomesmoreimportantasthecomplexityoftechnology

increasesandtoucheseverypartofourlives.Learningsciencecanbringadoublebenefit

becausescienceisbothamethodandasetofideas;bothaprocessandaproduct.The

processofscienceprovideawayoffindingoutinformation,testingideasandseeking

explanations.Theproductsofsciencearcideaswhichcanbeappliedinhelpingto

understandnewexperiences.Theword"can"isusedadvisedlyhere;itindicatesthat

thereisthepotentialtobringthesebenefitsbutnoguaranteethattheywillberealized

withouttakingtheappropriatesteps.Inlearningsciencethedevelopmentoftheprocess

sideandtheproductsidemustgohandinhand;theyaretotallyinterdependent.Thishas

importantimplicationsforthekindsofactivitieschildrenneedtoencounterintheir

education.Butbeforepursuingtheseimplications,therearestilltwofurtherimportant

pointswhichunderlinethevalueofincludingscienceinprimaryeducation.Thefirstis

thatwliulhcrwcluauhchildrenscience01uul,theywillbeduvclupingideasaboutllic

worldaroundfromtheirearliestyears.Iftheseideasarebasedoncasualobservation,

non-investigatedeventsandtheacceptanceofhearsay,thentheyarelikelytobenon-

scientific,^everyday"ideas.Thereareplentyofsuchideasaroundforchildrentopickup.

Mymotherbelieved(andperhapsstilldoesdespitemyefforts)thatifthesunshines

throughthewindowontcthefireitputsthefireout,thatcheesemaggots(acommon

encounterinheryouthwhenfoodwassoldunwrappcd)aremadeofcheeseanddevelop

spontaneouslyfromit,thatplacingalidonapanofboilingwatermakesitboilatalower

temperature,thatelectricitytravelsmoreeasilyifthewiresarenottwisted.Similarmyths

stillaboundandnodoubtinfluencechildren'sattemptstomakesenseoftheirexperience.

Aswellashearsay,lefttothemselves,childrenwillalsoformsomeideaswhichseem

unscientific;forexample,thattomakesomethingmoverequiresaforcebuttostopit

needsnoforce.Alltheseideascouldeasilybeputtothetest;children'sscienceeducation

shouldmakechildrenwanttodoit.Thentheynotonlyhavethechancetomodifytheir

ideas,buttheylearntobeskepticalaboutso-called"truthsuntilthesehavebeenputto

thetest.Eventuallytheywillrealizethatallideasarcworkinghypotheseswhichcan

neverbeprovedright,butareusefulaslongastheyfittheevidenceofexperienceand

experiment.Theimportanceofbeginningthislearningearlyinchildren'seducationis

twofold.Ontheonehandthechildrenbegintorealizethatusefulideasmustfitthe

evidence;ontheotherhandtheyarelesslikelytoformandtoaccepteverydayideas

whichcanbeshowntobeindirectconflictwithevidenceandscientificconcepts.There

areresearchfindingstoshowthatthelongerthenon-scientificideashavebeenheld,the

moredifficulttheyarctochange.Manychildrencometosecondaryscience,notmerely

lackingthescientificideastheyneed,butpossessingalternativeideaswhichareabarrier

tounderstandingtheirsciencelessons.Thesecondpointaboutstartingtolearnscience,

andtolearnscientifically,attheprimarylevelisconnectedwithattitudestothesubject.

Thereisevidencethatattitudestoscienceseemtobeformedearlierthantomostother

subjectsandchildrentendtohavetakenadefinitepositionwithregardtotheirlikingof

thesubjectbytheageof11to12.Giventheremarksjustmadeabouttheclashbetween

thenon-scicntificideasthatmanychildrenbringtotheirsecondarysciencelessonsand

thescientificideastheyareassumedtohave,itisnotsurprisingthatmanyfindscience

confusinganddifficult.Suchreactionsundoubtedlyaffecttheirlaterperformancein

science.Althoughthereisalessonhereforsecondaryscience,itisclearthatprimary

sciencecandomuchtoavoidthiscrisisattheprimary/secondaryinterface.

36、Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A、theimportanceofscienceinhumandevelopment

B、theproperwaysofteachingchildrenscience

C、thenecessityforchildrentolearnscience

D、thecorrectattitudetoscienceasasubjectinprimaryeducation

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。文章在第一段首句就提到“学科学可帮助孩子们掌握了解周

围世界的方法二在接下来几段中，作者用两个重要问题表明将科学纳入初级教育

的价值，可见C符合题意。

37、Allthefollowingarementionedinthepassageasreasonswhychildrenshouldlearn

scienceEXCEPT.

makingbettersenseofthingsaroundthem

B、improvingtheirdecision-makingability

C、cultivatingtheirproblem-solvingability

D^developingtheirtotalpersonality

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。该题考查考生对全文的理解，作者首先在第一段中提到

"Thiscontributesnotonly...andproblem-solvingintheirlives"这都是说明孩子们为什

么要学习科学。只有D未在文中叙述。

38、WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDaccordingtothepassage?

A、Theappropriatestepstobetakeninteachingchildrenscience

B、Theimportanceforchildrentolearnscience

C、Thenecessityofincludingscienceinprimaryeducation

D、Thebenefitslearningsciencecanbringabout

标准答案：A「「

知识点解析：细节题。该题需要全面理解文章，第一段主要论述B选项内容，第

二段和第三段论述了D选项内容，而在第四段至第六段中论述了C选项内容，可

见只有A未在文中提出。

39、Thewriter'smainpurposeofwritingparagraph4is.

A^toillustratehowchildrenmaybehavetounscientificideas

B、toexplainwhychildrensoeasilypickupunscientificideas

C、totellthereadershisownexperiencewhenhewasyoung

D、tosupporttheideathatscienceshouldbeincludedinprimaryeducation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。文章在该段首句中提出"whelherweteachchildren...earliest

years”.“不管我们教给孩子们科学与否，他们都将从早期便开始形成对周围世界的

自我概念”。可见应该让孩子从小接触科学，于是作者举例说明该观点的准确性。

由此可见D符合题意。

40、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A^manyprimaryschoolteachersdonotpayenoughattentiontotheproperarrangement

oftheirsubjects

childrenmayeasilybeaffectedbytheirparents,attitudetoscience

C、theearlylearningofsciencemayhaveapositiveeffectonchildren'slater

development

D、everyoneshouldlearnsomethingaboutscience

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。本文着重讲述孩子为什么学习科学以及在小学课程中包含有

科学学科的必要性。可见只有C符合题意。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共

5分。）

Thefollowingparagraphsarcgiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarc

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)A.Whyisforeign

text"renderedmeaningless"whenpassedthroughanonlinetranslationtool?According

toSabineReul,whorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompany,translationtoolshave

limiteduses,andproblemsarisewhenwebusersexpecttoomuchfromthem."A

translationtoolworksforsomethings,HsaysReul."SayaBritishcompanywantstoorder

aboxofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.AsentencelikeWeneedoneboxofacertain

typeofscrew'issomethingthatamachinecouldtranslatereasonablyaccurately-though

primitively."B.Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext-wordsandsentencesthat

conveythoughtsandsentiments,onlinetoolsareboundtofail,sheadds."Beyondsimple

sentences,theonlineprocesssimplydoesn'tworkbecausemachinesdon'tunderstand

grammarandsemantics,nevermindidiomandstyle.""Languageisnotasystemofsigns

inthemechanicalsenseoftheword",saysReul."Itisalivingmediumthatisusedto

conveythought.Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensableaslongas

computerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslatorslookforwardtothedaywhenclever

computersmighthelptoeasetheirworkload-butthattimehasnotarrivedyet.C.Earlier

thismonththesmallGermantownofHomberg-an-der-Efze,northofFrankfurt,hadto

pulpanentireprintrunofitsEnglish-languagetourismbrochureafterofficialsusedan

InternettranslatingtooltotranslatetheGermantext.Accordingtoonereport,the

brochurewas"renderedmeaningless'1bytheonlinetool.MartinWagner,mayorof

Homberg-an-der-Efze,admitsthatthetownmadea"blunder".Asaresultofofficials

tryingtosavemoneybygettingtheInternettodoatranslator'sjob,atotalof7500

brochureshadtobebinned.D.Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.And

certainlythequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotoflinguisticresearchthat

mayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhe

mostsubtlecomputerprogramdoesn'tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothinkinorderto

translate."E.Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthep