考博英语模拟试卷157

考博英语模拟试卷157

一、词汇（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

1、Thalbatteredoldbatofhisisajoketoallhisfriends.

A^steady

B、standing

C、persisting

D^stable

标准答案：B

知识点解析：asiandingjoke老笑话，是一个固定短语，其他三个选项的形容词不

与joke连用。

2^Dominic,themostpupilinclass,willgotoHarvardtostudythisSeptember.

A、indigenous

indiscreet

CNindulgent

D、industrious

标准答案：D

知识点解析：indigenous本土的；indiscreet不慎重的；indulgent纵容的;

industrious勤奋的。

3、Mr.Mortongraduallyaknowledgeofthesubject.

A、attained

B、required

C>acquired

D、enquired

标准答案：C

知识点解析：attained达到，完成，获得：require需要：acquire学至lj（知识等）；

enquire二inquire询问。

4、Wemusttrytouseourintellect.

A、tothegreatestadvantage

BNforthemostdetails

C、bytherarestchance

D、ofthegreatestsignificance

标准答案：A

知识点解析：toihegreatestadvanlage最佳地，充分地；forthemostdetails最详细

地；bytherarestchance最少可能地；ofthegreatestsignificance最重要的。

5、IdecidedtogetintouchwithhimafterIreceivedhisletter.

A、promptly

B、quickly

C、hastily

D、urgently

标准答案：B

知识点解析：quickly快速地，马上；promptly敏捷，果断；hastily仓促地，草率

地；urgently急迫地，催促地。根据题意：我决定收到他的信后马上与他取得联

系，选B。

6、Theteachergavethestudentsextraworkbecauseshewasbyallthenoiseand

talkingintheclassroom.

A、interrupted

B、degenerated

C、terminated

D、exasperated

标准答案：D

知识点解析：inlerrupled中断；degenerated使堕落；terminated使终止；exasperated

激怒。题意为：由于课堂内学生的喧闹和讲话声音激怒了老师，所以她给学生布置

了额外的家庭作业。

7、Thereisnoelectricityagain.Hastheblownthen?

A、fuse

B、plug

C、wire

D^circuit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：fuse保险丝；plus插头；wire电线；circuil线路。题中blow有"（'呆险

丝）烧断”之意，blowafuse，吏保险丝熔断。句意为：停电了，是不是保险丝烧断

了？

8、Everysocietyhasitsownpeculiarcustomsandofacting.

A^ways

B、attitudes

C、behavior

D^means

标准答案：A

知识点解析：way方式，方法；allilude态度；behavior行为；mean方法，手段，

工具。该题意为：每一个社会有其特有的习俗与行为方式。

9、Thefullofchangesincomputertechnologywillbefeltwithinthenextfew

years.

A^affect

B、impact

C、action

D、importance

标准答案：B

知识点解析：affect影响；impacl冲击，影响；aclion作用；importance重要性，

10>Thecomingofautomationis(ohaveimponantsocialconsequences.

A、like

frightful

C>bound

D、compelled

标准答案：C

知识点解析：like相似的；frightful可怕的；bound必定的；beboundto必定；

compelled强迫的。

二、阅读理解(本题共"题，每题L0分，共"分。)

Weallassociatecolorswithfeelingsandattitudes.Inpolitics,darkblueoftenmeans

"tradition",andredmeans"socialchange".Butbluecanalsomeansadness(I'mfeeling

blue).Whiteisoftenforpurity,althoughinChinawhiteiswornforfunerals,andredis

usedtoexpressthejoyofawedding,inwesternEuropewhiteiswornatweddingsand

blackforfunerals.Advertisersareawareoftheimportanceofselectingcolorsaccording

tothewaypeoplereacttothem.Soappowderscomeinwhiteandlightbluepackets

(cleanandcold,likeice);cerealsoftencomeinbrownpackets(tikewheatfields),but

cosmeticsnevercomeinbrownjars(dirty).Wheredotheseideascomefrom?Max

LuschcrfromtheUniversityofGenevabelievesthatinthebeginninglifewasdictatedby

twofactorsbeyondourcontrol:nightandday.Nightbroughtpassivity,andageneral

slowingdownofmetabolism;daybroughtwithitthepossibilityofaction,andincreased

inthemetabolicrate,thusprovidinguswithenergyandinitiative.Darkblue,therelore,is

(hecolorofquietnessandpassivity,brightyellowthecolorofhopeandactivity.In

prehistorictimes,activityasaruletookoneoftwoforms:eitherwewerehuntingandat­

tacking,orwewerebeinghuntedanddefendingourselvesagainstattack.Attackis

universallyre-presentedbythecolorred;serf-preservationbyitscomplementgreen.

11、InLuseher'sview,theassociationofcolorswithfeelingandattitudescanbetraced

backto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

16、ThedescriptionofRussiansloveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor's.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、Accordingtothelastparagraph,"paperplates"isto"china"as.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnsdor

madeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,tbrthoseas

yetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhose

surnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.Ithaslongbeenknownthat

ataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomers

thumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdam

AbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysrnan.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthe

halvesofthealphabet.Yetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnames

beginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-president

havesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors

(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthe

secondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7rich

countriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirae,Chretienand

Koizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)

areallclosetothetopof:hcalphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanese

charactcn;.Asarctheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,Ellisonand

Albrecht).Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetime

enjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthe

firstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeit

easiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckintheback

row,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.At

thetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yet

theresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswell

aslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversity

graduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreach

theZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,

electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnup

alphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

18、WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、The4thparagraphsuggeststhat.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

21>Whatdoestheauthormeanby"mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZM(Lines2一

3,Para-graph5)?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSpiroisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe

47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,filingorpolish,agasmanynailsasshe'dliketo.

either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtime

customerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy."I'ma

goodeconomicindicator,"shesays."Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhen

they'reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars."SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingat

middle-browDillarcfsdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadof

NeimanMarcus."1don'tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too,"shesays:

EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatAmerica'sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lots

ofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.Fromcar

dealershipstogapout-lets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheir

spending'.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetween

ThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,

expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear'space.Butdon'tsoundany

alarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaythey

remainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodest

belt-tightening.Consumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadful

headlines,theirownfor-tunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesarcholdingsteadyin

mostregions.InManhattan,"there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4milliontoS10

millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,"saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran,

toSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20

to30Offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,"saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-

estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindand

keepajob.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswould

cheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejob

market.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,which

investorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseean

upside,too.GettingatableatManhattan'shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobe

impossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting.

22^By"EllenSperoisn^bitinghernailsjustyet"Line1-2,Paragraph1),theauthor

means

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

23Howdethepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

24>Whycanmanypeoplesee"silverlinings"totheeconomicslowdown?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、Towhichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthorlikelytoagree?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthata

colleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,you

mightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorsisregardedas"alltoohuman",withthe

underlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydeveloped

senseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBronsonandFranksdeWailofEmory

UniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatit

isalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviorsoffemalebrown

capuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,and

theysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytend

topaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof"goodsandservices11thanmales.Such

characteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Bronson'sandDr.deWaal'sstudy.

Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.

Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesof

cucumber.However,whenIwomuiikcybwereplauudinseparatebuladjoiningchuiubcis,

sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforiisrock,their

behaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods

(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapein

exchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceof

cucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchange

atall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,or

refusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheother

chamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentina

femalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,tikehumans,are

guidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.

Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeing

cheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.

Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoother

membersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependently

incapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecies

had35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

26、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

27^Thestatement"itisalltoomonkey"(Lastline,Paragraph1)impliesthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、完形填空(本题共75题，每题1.0分，共15分。)

AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastateoftransition.As

aresult,culturalscriptsaboutmarriagehaveundergonechange.Oneofthemoreobvious

[31]hasoccurredintherolesthatwomen[32].Womenhavemovedintotheworld

ofworkandhavebecomeadeptatmeetingexpectationsinthatarena,[33]

maintainingtheirfamilyrulesofnurturingandcreatinga(n)[34]thatisahavenforall

familymembers.[35]manywomenexperiencestrainfromtryingto"doitall,nthey

oftenenjoytheincreased[36]thatcanresultfromplayingmultipleroles.Aswomen's

roleshavechanged,changingexpectationsaboutmen'sroleshavebecomemore[37].

Manymenarerelinquishingtheirmajorresponsibility[38]thefamilyprovider.

Probablythemostsignificantchangeinmen'sroles,however,isintheemotional[39]

offamilylife.Menareincreasingly[40]tomeettheemotionalneedsoftheirfamilies,

[41]theirwives.Infact,expectationsabouttheemotionaldomainofmarriagehave

becomemoresignificantformarriageingeneral.Researchon[42]marriagehas

changedoverrecentdecadespointstotheincreasingimportanceoftheemotionalsideof

therelationshipsandtheimportanceofsharinginthe"emotionwork"[43]tonourish

marriagesandotherfamilyrelationships.Menandwomenwanttoexperiencemarriages

thatarcinterdependent,[44]bothpartnersnurtureeachother,attendandrespondto

eachother,andencourageandpromoteeachother.Wcarethusseeingmarriagesin

whichmen'sandwomen'srolesarebecomingincreasinglymore[45].

30、

A、incidents

B、changes

C^results

D^effects

标准答案：B

知识点解析：其前出现了change,故选changes。incidents事件：results结果：

effects效果。

31、

A、take

B、do

C、play

D、show

标准答案：C

知识点解析：playroles“扮演加色”。takeroles"起...作用"，不如playroles的意思

贴切。B和D明显不对。所以C为正确答案。

32、

A、by

while

C、hence

D、thus

标准答案：B

知识点解析：工作和家庭是妇女同时要兼顾的，因此应为并列关系要用while。by

通过、依靠；hence和ihus都表示结果，为因果关系的连接词。

33、

A、home

B、garden

C^arena

D、paradise

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处填的词要与后面的“havenforallfamilymembers”意思相同。只有

home才可称为家庭成员的避风港°garden（花园）、arena（竞技场）和paradise（伊甸园）

都不行。

34、

A、When

B、Eventhough

C、Since

D^Nevertheless

标准答案：B

知识点解析：妇女们感到“strain2却又同时感到“enjoy”所以表达的是转折芒系，应

用eventhoughonevertheless表示的是句际间的转折，而eventhough表示的是句内

分句间的转折。所以B为正确答案。

35、

A、rewards

13、profits

C、privileges

D、incomes

标准答案：A

知识点解析：rewards“回报”，既可以指物质上的，也可以指精神上的。profits“利

润”，强调金钱、物质的获取；privileges"特权、优越条件"；incomes“收入”，也是

金钱上的。选A最全面最符合上下文。

36、

A、general

B、acceptable

C、popular

D^apparent

标准答案：D

知识点解析：general一般的，大众化；acceptable可以接受的；popular受欢迎的，

得民心的；apparent容易注意到的。此处选apparent与第三句话的obvious一词相

呼应。

37、

A、as

B、of

C、from

D^for

标准答案：A

知识点解析：as此处是“作为”的意思。即“男人正在放弃作为家庭供养者的主耍责

任”。

38、

A、section

B、constituent

C、domain

D、point

标准答案：C

知识点解析：seclion（整体结构的）一部分；consliluenl（组成）成分；domain某方面；

point时刻或者（空间的）点。从下文出现的emotionaldomain,emotionalside可以得

出选项C为正确答案。

39、

A、encouraged

B、expected

C、advised

D、predicted

标准答案：B

知识点解析：前后文都出现了expeclations推知此处选用expected最为恰当。

encouraged（被）鼓励；advised（被）建议；predicted（被）预言。

40、

A、nottomention

B、aswellas

C、including

D、especially

标准答案.D

知识析：这里是要说尤其要满足妻子的感情需要，妻子是与其他家庭成员相比

在情感需要方面是更重要的。所以此处用especially。

41、

A、how

B>what

C、why

D、if

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处要表达的意思是“最近几十年关于婚姻是如何变化的研究表明了

夫妻关系中情感方面逐渐增加的重要性。”所以应该选howo

42、

A、but

B>only

C、enough

D、necessary

标准答案：D

知识点解析：necessary（必要的）放在此，表示“对维持和巩固婚姻和其他类型的家庭

关系来说所必须的，情感投入所以D最符合句意。

43、

A、unless

B、although

C^where

D^because

标准答案：C

知识点解析：前半句谈到婚姻双方的相互依存，后半句谈到双方相互照顾，共同进

步，可见前后句的意义是一致的，故排除unless,although和because。where作为

关系副词引导非限定性关系从句，起进一步说明的作用。

44、

A、pleasant

B、important

C、similar

D、manageable

标准答案：C

知识点3析：根据前一句中提到的男女双方都希望有个靠双方共同努力维持的婚

姻，可以推知“男方和女方的角色变得越来越相似了”，因此C为正确答案。

四、汉译英(本题共2题，每题7.0分，共2分。)

45、计算机具有的功能可以使一个公司的人在全国甚至全世界一起工作。但是，如

果明天的计算机不是根据必须使用它们的人们的需耍和能力设计的话，那么这种功

能将毫无用处。换言之，必须遵循以人为中心的哲学。这就意味着改变汁算机以适

应人们的长处一观察、交流和创新，而不是要人们按计算机所提出的不自然的要

求去做，那样只会导致犯错误。

标准答案：Computershavethepowertoallowpeoplewithinacompany,acrossa

nationorevenaroundtheworldtoworktogether.Butthispowerwillbewastedif

tomorrow'scomputersaren'tdesignedaccordingtotheneedsandcapabilitiesofthe

humanbeingswhomustusethem-apcoplc-ccntcrcdphilosophy,inotherwords.That

meanstransformingcomputerstomeethumanstrengths一observing,communicatingand

innovating-insteadofaskingpeopletocon-formto(adaptto/follow)theunnatural

behaviorcomputersdemand.Otherwise,itwilljustleadtoerror.

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然，在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人，他们具有

一种特殊的思考与分析能力，具有无限的耐心进行观察和收集数据。但是，并不能

把一切科学发现都归因于能力和耐心，科学发现常常与创造性的想像力紧密相关，

的确，想像力的飞跃往往是通向发现的第一步。另外，科学家也以其诚实而著称。

他们非常重视诚实，主要是因为诚实对他们的事业至关重要。他们提出的每一个理

论都要受到进一步的检验。每一个错误或谎言必将被发现，因此，如果发现了与他

们的想法相矛盾的证据，科学家不是隐瞒证据，而是修改甚至放弃他们的想法。这

样，他们积累了极其大量的知识，这些知识帮助我们更好地了解自己及周围的世

标准答案：Scientistsareasmallgroupofpeoplewhostrivetogaininsightsintonature,

seekingorderinseemingdisorderliness.Theyarecreditedwithaspecialabilitytothink

andanalyze,andwithinfinitepatienceinmakingobservationsandcollectingdata.But

abilityandpatiencedonotaccountforallscientificdiscoveries,whichoftenhavemuch

todowithcreativeimagination.Indeedaleapofimaginationisoftenthefirststep

towardsdiscovery.Scientistsarealsonotedfortheirhonesty.Theyplaceahighpremium

onhonestylargelybecauseitisessentialtotheircareer.Everytheorytheyformulateis

subjectedtofurthertesting.Everymistakeorlieisboundtobefoundout.Thereforeif

anyevidenceisfoundcontradictingtheirideas,scientistsdonotsuppresstheevidence

butmodifyorevenabandontheirideas.Inthiswaytheyhavebuiltupanimmensebody

ofknowledge,whichhelpsustounderstandbetterourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、英译汉（本题共4题，每题7.0分，共4分。）

Thesoundofthesnakeheadissoftandtemptingandperfectlypitchedtotheearsof

youngChinesewhodreamofabetterlife.46."Oneneednevergowantingforanything

inAmerica,“thesnakeheadsays."Colortelevisions.Shinycars.Dollarsbythemillions.

AHisthere、justwaitingbeclaimcdJIfthecountlessnumbersofyoungChinesewho

thismomeniareploitingiheirescapeioAmericaknew【hai（heLandofMHkandHoney

hasprovedsourforihousandsiheirDeopleJheywouldnolbesoeagerlomakeihe

riskyjourney.SincethefirstboatloadofillegalChinesealienswasseizedbyU.S.

officialsin1991,some50Chinesecrimegroupshavesmuggledtensofthousandsof

ChineseintotheU.S.eachyear.Theroutesvary,somebysea,othersbyairorbysteady.

InthesoutherncoastalprovinceofFnjian,homegoesuptoabout80%ofthese

immigrants.47.Familiesbandtogethertoraisethefunds,thinkingtheyarcmakinga

downpaymentnolonlyonalovedone'sfuturebutiheirownaswell.Fortheireffortthey

oftenbankrupttheirsavingsonlytosellthelovedoneintoslavery.Thosewhowishtotry

theirtuckabroadareencouragedbythesnakeheadswhothenlinkthemwith

undergroundnetworks.4g.Mortofthearrongementvoredonebyintematicnalcrime

Syndicates,whichcutdealswilhdesperatefamiliesJhendiawup〔heescapeplan,obtain

theforgeddocumentsandfurnishthetransDortation.Someobserverssayasmanyas20

humansmugglingSyndicatesmayopcrateinFujian.Theseorganizedringsinfluence

officialsunfairly,changestolenpassports,forgevisas,keepsafehousesandcharterboats

topullofftheirdaringoperations.Butfallingintothehandsofthegangsisaterrifying

thing.Immigrantsmayfaceseverepunishmentiftheyfailtosatisfythedemandsoftheir

contracts.49.That,Derhaps,explainsihedesperalionofiheChineseillegalswhoswealit

oulinrestaurants,garmentfactoriesanddry-cleaningestablishmentsforaslittleas$2an

hourOnegarmentclothesmakingdistrictemployee,forex-ample,whoworked36

hoursstraight,wasdeprivedofpayfortakingaonehournap.Non-paymentofwagesis

widespread."Theyareslaves,pureandsimple,,rsaysa