2026年河南省商丘市中考英语模拟试卷(含详细答案解析)

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2026年河南省商丘市中考英语模拟试卷一、阅读五选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。Lydia

Byun

is

a

creative

art

therapist（心理治疗师）.She

works

with

children

and

teenagers

and

spends

most

days

in

schools

in

New

York，USA.She

leads

art

therapy

lessons.（1）______

Each

lesson

lasts

about

45

minutes，and

what

happens

during

the

lessons

depends

on

the

students

she

works

with.（2）______

As

the

students

are

making

something，Byun

talks

with

them.However，sometimes

the

students

want

to

be

quiet.They

just

want

to

think

and

create.That

is

OK，too.Making

art

is

soothing（抚慰的）

and

helps

them

feel

better.

（3）______

It

is

especially

true

for

kids.But

it

can

be

easier

to

show

those

feelings

through

art.They

can

show

them

in

a

painting

or

drawing.In

this

way，art

therapy（疗法）

helps

kids

understand

their

feelings.

（4）______

Students

often

come

to

see

her

whenever

they

are

in

trouble.When

that

happens，she

always

helps

them

solve

problems

by

themselves.

As

for

the

best

part

of

her

job，Byun

says

it

is

when

the

kids

or

teens

say

how

art

therapy

has

helped

them.She

also

likes

hearing

from

parents

or

teachers

about

how

the

children

have

made

a

change

for

the

better.That

makes

her

feel

good.

"（5）______

I

think

they're

interesting

people!"says

Byun.

根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。

A.Sometimes

it

is

hard

for

people

to

express

feelings

in

words.

B.I

love

working

with

kids

and

teenagers.

C.In

these

lessons，students

make

art

and

talk

about

their

feelings.

D.Byun

says

that

the

biggest

challenge

for

her

is

dealing

with

sudden

events.

E.They

can

use

many

different

art

forms

like

painting，drawing

and

writing.1.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E2.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E3.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E4.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E5.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E二、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

Ilovedeverythingaboutschoolexceptforoneperson：Mildred.Everyday，aswewalkedhomeafterschool，shewould

(6)

onthebacksofmyshoes.Then，whenIstoppedtomovemyshoesandgetmorecomfortable，Mildredwouldslap（拍打）myback.She

(7)

me.

Soon，mymotherthoughtsomethingwaswrong.Itoldherthewhole

(8)

.Mymomtoldmenottoworryandsaidshehada

(9)

.Thenextmorning，mymomwalked

(10)

thehillwithme.Justaswegottothetopofthehill，wesawMildred."Hello，Mildred，"mymomsaid

(11)

.Mildredstoppedstandingasstillasastatue（雕塑）.Herhandsandfacewerebright

(12)

.Heroversizedcoathungopen.Therewereonlytwobuttons（纽扣）onit.Mymotherdidn'tsayanythingatfirst.

(13)

，shebuttonedupMildred'scoatandturnedthecollar（领子）up

(14)

herneck."I'mMarion'smother.Ineedyourhelp，Mildred."Mymother'

(15)

heldMildred'sasshespoke."Mariondoesn'thaveanybrothersorsisters.Sheneedsa

(16)

friendatschool，someonetowalkupthehillwithherafterclassesareover.WouldyoubeMarion'sfriend，Mildred？"

Mildredthoughtforawhileand

(17)

."Oh，thankyou!"mymothersaid."IjustknowyouaresomeoneIcan

(18)

.Thenshehuggedusandleft

(19)

nothingunusualhadhappened.

MildredandIwalkedontoschool.AsIlookedoverather，IsawthatMildredwassmiling!I'dneverseenhersmilebefore.Wewalkedupthehilleachdayafterschooltogetherandprettysoonwebecamebestfriends.

Ididn'tunderstandmymom'splanatthetime.Butfinally，Icametounderstand.Lovenever

(20)

.6.A.stay B.step C.push D.rise7.A.scared B.encouraged C.surprised D.pleased8.A.joke B.wish C.lie D.story9.A.reason B.tradition C.plan D.result10.A.up B.down C.from D.off11.A.sadly B.angrily C.quietly D.nervously12.A.black B.yellow C.blue D.red13.A.Also B.Instead C.Besides D.Lastly14.A.around B.over C.behind D.outside15.A.fingers B.feet C.hands D.eyes16.A.strangest B.best C.healthiest D.richest17.A.passed B.listened C.nodded D.joined18.A.dependon B.lookfor C.comeacross D.careabout19.A.eventhough B.asif C.aslong D.eversince20.A.hopes B.forgets C.follows D.fails三、补全对话-填空：本大题共1小题，共10分。21.A：Hi，David!（1）______

.What's

wrong？

B：Well，I

had

a

bad

day.Mr.Li

got

angry

with

me

this

morning.

A：Why？

B：（2）______

.

A：What

a

pity!Did

you

have

a

good

time

in

the

afternoon？

B：In

the

afternoon

we

had

a

math

exam

and

I

failed

it.What

a

bad

day!

A：（3）______

.But

don't

be

stressed.Maybe

I

can

help

you

with

your

math.

B：It

is

kind

of

you

to

say

so.

A：（4）______

？

B：How

about

this

evening？I

have

a

lot

of

math

problems.And

I

want

to

work

them

out

as

soon

as

possible.

A：No

problem.By

the

way，my

watch

stops

running，and

I

want

to

have

it

repaired.（5）______

？

B：I'd

love

to.Let's

go.(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

四、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。A

Slides（滑梯）aresimplebutalwaysfun.Allyouneedtodoistoclimbuptothetopandslidedown.Butdoyouknowthatthereissciencebehindit？

Newtonsaidwhatgoesupmustcomedown.Hetalkedaboutgravity（重力）.Slidesworkbecauseofgravity.Butthatisnotall.

①Youclimbuptheslideandsitdown.

Youarereadytogo.Areyouslidingdown？No，notyet.Thingsstaystillunlesssomethingmakesthem▲.ItisNewton'sFirstLaw.Soyouhavetogiveyourselfapushtostartthejourneydown.

②Nowyouareslidingdown.

Doyoufeelyouareslowingdownalittle？Whentwothingsrub（摩擦）againsteachother，theycausefriction（摩擦力）.Withoutfriction，youwillslidedownfasterandfastertothebottom.Thatismoreinteresting，butmoredangerous.

③Atthebottomoftheslide，youcometoafullstop.

Yourfeettouchthegroundandaddmorefriction.Newton'sFirstLawalsosaysmovingthingskeepmovingunlesssomethingmakesthemstop.Soifyoudonotuseyourfeet，you'llflyofftheslide.根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。22.Inordertoslidedown，whatdoyouneedtodoafteryouclimbuptothetop？______A.Learnaboutgravity. B.Sitdownandlookforward.

C.Giveyourselfapush. D.Useyourfeettomakefriction.23.Whichwordcanbeputin"▲"？______A.stop B.end C.move D.wait24.Whichpictureexplainswhyyouslowdownalittlewhenslidingdown？______A. B.

C. D.25.WhatcanweknowfromNewton'sFirstLawmentionedinthetext？______A.Movingthingswon'tstopontheirown.

B.Gravityistheonlyforcethatactsonaslidingperson.

C.Frictionisnecessarytostartmovingdownaslide.

D.Youwouldslidedownfasteriftherewerenogravityontheearth.26.Wherecanyouprobablyreadthetext？______A.Inastorybook. B.Inaguidebook.

C.Inaschoolposter. D.Inasciencebook.BIt

was

the

last

day

of

final

examinations

in

a

large

Eastern

university.On

the

steps

of

one

building，a

group

of

students

were

discussing

the

coming

exam

in

a

few

minutes.On

their

faces

was

confidence.This

was

their

last

exam

before

they

went

on

to

graduation

and

jobs.

Some

talked

of

jobs

they

already

had；others

talked

of

jobs

they

would

get.With

four

years'

college

study，they

felt

ready

and

able

to

conquer（征服）

the

world.

The

coming

exam，they

knew，would

be

a

piece

of

cake.The

teacher

had

said

they

could

bring

any

books

or

notes

they

wanted，requesting

only

that

they

did

not

talk

to

each

other

during

the

test.

When

they

entered

the

classroom，the

teacher

passed

out

the

papers.Their

smiles

spread

as

the

students

noticed

there

were

only

five

essay-type

questions.

Three

hours

passed.Then

the

teacher

began

to

collect

the

papers.The

students

no

longer

looked

confident.On

their

faces

was

an

expression

of

fear.

With

papers

in

her

hand，the

teacher

asked，"How

many

completed

all

five

questions？"Not

a

hand

was

raised.

"How

many

answered

four？"Still

no

hands.

"Three？Two？"The

students

moved

restlessly

in

their

seats.

"One，then？"Certainly

somebody

finished

one.

But

the

class

remained

silent.The

teacher

put

down

the

papers."That

is

exactly

what

I

expected，"she

said.

"I

just

want

you

to

know

that，even

though

you

have

completed

four

years

of

engineering，there

are

still

many

things

about

the

subject

you

don't

know.These

questions

you

could

not

answer

are

quite

common

in

everyday

practice."Then，smiling，she

added，"You

will

all

pass

this

course，but

remember

that

even

though

you

are

now

college

graduates，your

education

has

just

begun."

根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。27.Which

sentence

is

true

about

the

coming

exam？

______A.Students

were

allowed

to

talk

in

the

exam.

B.The

exam

was

easy

for

most

of

the

students.

C.Students

couldn't

take

books

during

the

exam.

D.It

was

the

last

exam

in

the

university.28.Howdidtheyfeelbeforetheexam？______A.Surprised. B.Confident. C.Worried. D.Nervous.29.Howmanystudentspassedtheexamatlast？______A.Noneofthem. B.Oneofthem. C.Fiveofthem. D.Allofthem.30.What

might

the

teacher

think

about

the

exam

result？

______A.She

was

not

pleased

with

it

and

wished

students

to

improve.

B.She

thought

students

would

lose

their

jobs

because

of

it.

C.She

saw

it

as

a

good

chance

to

teach

students

a

lesson.

D.She

thought

the

result

went

beyond

her

expectations.31.What

could

the

students

learn

from

the

exam？

______A.There

is

no

end

to

learning.

B.Knowledge

starts

from

practice.

C.A

little

learning

is

a

dangerous

thing.

D.No

pains，no

gains.C

You

might

think

that

a

map

is

nothing

more

than

a

drawing

of

an

area，such

as

a

city

or

a

country.Maps

are

important

tools

to

make

sure

we

don't

get

lost

and

they

also

tell

us

how

humans

think，feel

and

live.

The

history

of

maps

goes

back

more

than

5，000

years.The

earliest

surviving（现存的）

map

of

the

world

is

an

earth

tablet（碑）

from

Babylon.It

shows

Babylon

in

the

center，the

River

Euphrates，and

the

oceans

and

mountains

nearby.

The

people

of

ancient

Greece

and

the

Romans

made

maps.However，it

was

Ptolemy，an

Egyptian（埃及的）

scientist，who

changed

them

forever.He

marked

about

10，000

places

by

creating

a

system.It

used

lines

called

latitude

and

longitude

which

are

still

used

today

to

mark

areas

on

a

map.

After

the

fall

of

the

Roman

Empire（帝国），maps

made

in

Europe

became

more

about

storytelling.They

were

often

made

in

monasteries（修道院）

and

mapmakers

put

what

was

most

important

to

them

at

the

center

on

the

map.

Between

the

15th

and

17th

centuries，new

ideas

and

inventions

were

changing

the

world.Ships

were

crossing

oceans

and

countries

were

building

new

empires，so

accurate（精确的）

maps

appeared.Mapmakers

were

influenced

by

Ptolemy's

ideas

and

the

invention

of

printing

meant

the

monasteries

were

not

the

only

places

could

produce

maps.

Today，the

development

of

technology

has

made

maps

more

helpful

than

ever.However，some

experts

worry

that，blind

trust

in

technology

means

we

are

losing

our

natural

sense

of

direction.There

have

been

reports

of

people

driving

into

lakes，deserts

or

other

countries

by

mistake

after

following

GPS.Perhaps

we're

no

smarter

than

the

people

in

Babylon

after

all.

根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。32.What

is

the

main

purpose

of

the

first

paragraph？______A.To

explain

how

to

use

a

map

correctly.

B.To

describe

different

types

of

maps.

C.To

introduce

the

importance

of

maps.

D.To

tell

a

story

about

getting

lost.33.According

to

the

passage，which

of

the

following

shows

the

correct

order

of

map

development？______

a.Maps

made

in

European

monasteries

focused

on

storytelling.

b.Ptolemy

created

a

system

using

latitude

and

longitude.

c.The

earliest

surviving

world

map

was

made

in

Babylon.

d.Accurate

maps

became

important

because

of

changes

of

the

world.

e.Modern

GPS

technology

sometimes

leads

people

to

make

mistakes.A.c-b-a-d-e B.b-c-a-e-d C.a-c-b-d-e D.c-a-b-e-d34.What

might

be

the

big

change

about

maps

between

the

15th

and

17th

centuries？______A.Latitude

and

longitude

were

first

used.

B.People

depended

on

GPS

to

travel.

C.More

places

were

correctly

marked

on

maps.

D.Mapmakers

used

maps

to

tell

stories.35.What

can

be

learned

from

the

last

paragraph？______A.We

need

to

train

our

natural

sense

of

direction

often.

B.Mapmakers

in

Babylon

had

better-developed

brains.

C.Modern

maps

can

tell

how

humans

live

and

what

they

think.

D.People

shouldn't

blindly

follow

GPS

while

they

are

traveling.36.What's

the

best

title

of

the

passage？______A.Finding

Your

Way

Without

Help B.Mapping

the

World

C.Old

Tablets

and

Modern-day

GPS D.Different

Drawings

of

Areas五、选词填空-短文：本大题共1小题，共10分。37.

symbolancientshoeprovidekeepteacheasybecausethemwhoManypeoplebelievethatpigsarenaturallyfat，lazyanddirty.Butareanyofthosethingstrue？Theydoeatalot，buttheyareusefultous.Wegetmorethanjustporkfrompigs.Wecanusetheirskintomake（1）______.Wecanusetheirhairtomakebrushes.Pigsalso（2）______uswithingredients（原料）fordrugslikeinsulin（胰岛素）.

Peoplesometimessay，"Youareasstupidasapig."Butpigsarenotstupidatall.Infact，pigsareoneofthe10smartestanimals.Theyhaveagoodmemoryandcantelldifferentshapesapart.Manyexpertsthinkpigsare（3）______totrainthandogsorcats.InFrance，pigsare（4）______tofindtruffles（松露）.Withtheirgoodsenseofsmell，theycanfindtrufflesevenfasterthandogs.

Whenyouseepigs，theyareusuallyindirtywaterormud.That's（5）______pigshavenosweatglands（汗腺）.Onhotdays，theyhavetocool（6）______inwaterormud.This（7）______insectsoffthemaswell.Mudcanalsoprotecttheirskinfromsunburns.

Peopleoftenfeelbadabouttheanimal.Forexample，wemaysaythatapersonhas"piggedout"todescribesomeone（8）______haseatenalot.Ifsomeone'sroomisverymessy，wemightsayhisorherroomlookslikeapigsty（猪舍）.

Butpeoplein（9）______Chinareallylikedpigs.Peoplethoughtthepig'sbigheadandearswerea（10）______ofgoodluck.Ifsomeonehadaroundface，heorshewasthoughttobealuckyperson.(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

六、阅读填空：本大题共1小题，共5分。38.In

the

Warring

States

Period，there

was

a

musician

named

Gongming

Yi

who

was

good

at

playing

the

guqin.One

day

he

went

to

the

countryside

and

noticed

that

(1)

were

several

cattle（牛）

eating

grass

nearby.Wondering

(2)

cattle

could

understand

his

music

or

not，Gongming

Yi

got

closer

to

the

cattle

and

played

several

pieces

of

music

to

attract

them，

(3)

they

seemed

to

have

no

interest.

After

a

while，Gongming

Yi

had

another

idea.He

played

randomly（随意地）

and

the

music

sounded

like

the

buzz-buzz

of

the

mosquitoes（蚊子）.

(4)

his

surprise，the

cattle

seemed

to

understand

it.They

were

clearly

more

familiar

with

the

sound

of

mosquitoes

than

pleasant

music.It

is

really

(5)

waste

of

time

to

play

the

guqin

for

the

cattle.(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

七、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共20分。39.生活中，对自己有益的东西，往往也值得与朋友分享，比如好书、好歌、好电影，或者快乐、旅行、好习惯等。你有过与朋友分享的经历吗？请你以"What

I

Shared

with

My

Friend"为题，根据提示和要求，用英语写一篇短文。

写作提示：

（1）What

did

you

share

with

your

friend？

（2）The

reason

why

you

shared

it.

（3）What

happened

after

you

shared

it？

写作要求：

（1）文章要包含写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥，使行文连贯；

（2）不得出现真实的姓名和班级；

（3）词数100

词左右。

What

I

Shared

with

My

Friend___________

答案和解析1~5.【答案】C、E、A、D、B【解析】1.

（1）细节推理题。根据上文She

leads

art

therapy

lessons.（她领导艺术治疗课。）可知，此处应介绍在艺术治疗课上，学生做什么。结合选项，C选项（在这些课程中，学生创作艺术并谈论他们的感受。）符合语境。故应选C。

2.

（2）细节推理题。根据上文Eachlessonlastsabout45minutes，andwhathappensduringthelessonsdependsonthestudentssheworkswith.（每节课大约持续45分钟，课上发生的事情取决于她所接触的学生。）可知，此处应介绍学生如何创作艺术。结合选项，E选项（1他们可以使用许多不同的艺术形式，如绘画、素描和写作。）符合语境。故应选E。

3.

（3）细节推理题。根据下文Itisespeciallytrueforkids.Butitcanbeeasiertoshowthosefeelingsthroughart.（这对孩子们来说尤其如此。但通过艺术来表达这些情感可能更容易。）可知，此处应介绍人们表达自己的情感很困难。结合选项，A选项（有时人们很难用语言表达感情。）符合语境。故应选A。

4.

（4）细节推理题。根据下文Students

often

come

to

see

her

whenever

they

are

in

trouble.（学生遇到困难时经常来看她。）可知，此处应介绍Byun在工作中遇到的问题。结合选项，D选项（Byun说，对她来说最大的挑战是处理突发事件。）符合语境。故应选D。

5.

（5）细节推理题。根据下文Ithinkthey'reinterestingpeople!（我认为他们是有趣的人!）可知，此处应介绍Byun对儿童和青少年的看法。结合选项，B项（我喜欢和孩子们和青少年一起工作。）符合语境。故应选B。6~20.【答案】B、A、D、C、A、C、D、B、A、C、B、C、A、B、D【解析】（1）考查动词。句意：每天放学回家的路上，她都会踩我鞋后跟。stay停留；step踩；push推；rise升起。根据后文Istoppedtomovemyshoesandgetmorecomfortable（我停下来挪动鞋子，让自己舒服些）可知，Mildred踩了作者的鞋，故选B。

（2）考查动词。句意：她让我害怕。scared使害怕；encouraged鼓励；surprised使惊讶；pleased使高兴。根据前文Then，whenIstoppedtomovemyshoesandgetmorecomfortable，Mildredwouldslapmyback.（然后，当我停下来挪动鞋子，让自己更舒服时，米尔德里德会拍我的背。）可知，Mildred不断踩鞋和拍背的行为，即作者感到害怕，故选A。

（3）考查名词。句意：我把整件事都告诉了她。joke笑话；wish愿望；lie谎言；story故事、经过。根据后文Mymomtoldmenottoworry（我妈妈告诉我不要担心）可知，作者把整件事的经过告诉了妈妈，故选D。

（4）考查名词。句意：妈妈说她有一个计划。reason原因；tradition传统；plan计划；result结果。根据后文wesawMildred."Hello，Mildred，"（我们看到了Mildred。"你好，Mildred。"）可知，妈妈主动找Mildred谈话，即妈妈早有打算，故选C。

（5）考查介词。句意：第二天早上，妈妈和我一起走上山。up向上；down向下；from从；off离开。根据后文gottothetopofthehill（到达了山顶）可知，她们走上山，故选A。

（6）考查副词。句意：妈妈安静地打招呼。sadly悲伤地；angrily生气地；quietly安静地；nervously紧张地。根据妈妈的温和态度可知，她平静地打招呼，故选C。

（7）考查形容词。句意：她的手和脸都冻得通红。black黑色的；yellow黄色的；blue蓝色的；red红色的。根据后文oversizedcoathungopen（敞开的超大外套）可知，天冷Mildred穿得很少，手脸冻红了，故选D。

（8）考查副词。句意：妈妈没有先说话，而是先帮Mildred扣好扣子。Also也；Instead反而、取而代之；Besides此外；Lastly最后。根据前后语境可知，此处是转折替代关系，故选B。

（9）考查介词。句意：把领子翻起来围在她脖子上。around围绕；over在上方；behind在后面；outside在外面。turnthecollaruparoundherneck意为"把领子翻起来围在脖子上"，故选A。

（10）考查名词。句意：妈妈说话时握着Mildred的手。fingers手指；feet脚；hands手；eyes眼睛。根据前文buttonedup（扣好扣子）及后文held可知，此处是握手，故选C。

（11）考查形容词。句意：她在学校需要一个最好的朋友。strangest最奇怪的；best最好的；healthiest最健康的；richest最富有的。根据后文WouldyoubeMarion'sfriend（你愿意做Marion的朋友吗）可知，妈妈请求Mildred做最好的朋友，故选B。

（12）考查动词。句意：Mildred想了一会儿，点了点头。passed经过；listened听；nodded点头；joined加入。根据后文妈妈说thankyou（谢谢）可知，Mildred同意了，点头表示答应，故选C。

（13）考查动词短语。句意：我就知道你是我可以依赖的人。dependon依赖；lookfor寻找；comeacross偶遇；careabout关心。根据Thenshehuggedus（然后她拥抱了我们）妈可知，她认为Mildred值得信赖，故选A。

（14）考查连词。句意：她拥抱了我们然后离开，好像什么都没发生一样。eventhough尽管；asif好像；aslong只要；eversince自从。根据nothingunusualhadhappened（没有发生任何异常情况）可知，妈妈表现得很自然，好像什么都没发生，故选B。

（15）考查动词。句意：爱永远不会失败。hopes希望；forgets忘记；follows跟随；fails失败。根据全文妈妈用爱化解了矛盾可知，爱永远不会失败，故选D。

短文讲述了"我"因同学米尔德丽德的欺负而苦恼，母亲得知后巧妙介入。她以温暖的举动化解了米尔德丽德的防备，并真诚邀请她做"我"的朋友。最终，米尔德丽德答应并与"我"成为挚友，展现了母亲用爱巧妙化解矛盾、促成友谊的智慧。

首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。21.【答案】【小题1】You

look

upset【小题2】Because

I

was

late

for

school

this

morning【小题3】I

am

sorry

to

hear

that【小题4】When

shall

we

start【小题5】Would

you

like

to

go

with

me【解析】1.

（1）根据下文Well，I

had

a

bad

day.（嗯，我今天很糟糕。）可知上文看到对方不开心，故填You

look

upset。

2.

（2）根据上文Why？（为什么？）及前文Mr.Li

got

angry

with

me

this

morning.（今天早上李老师生我气了。）可知下文回答老师生气的原因，比如迟到，故填Because

I

was

late

for

school

this

morning。

3.

（3）根据上文In

the

afternoon

we

had

a

math

exam

and

I

failed

it.What

a

bad

day!（下午我们进行了数学考试我没及格。真是太糟糕的一天了！）可知下文表示遗憾，故填I

am

sorry

to

hear

that。

4.

（4）根据下文How

about

this

evening？（今晚怎么样？）可知上文询问什么时候开始辅导，故填When

shall

we

start。

5.

（5）根据下文I'd

love

to.（我愿意。）可知上文询问愿意一起吗，故填Would

you

like

to

go

with

me。22~26.【答案】C、C、B、A、D【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文中第①点"Youhavetogiveyourselfapushtostartthejourneydown.（你必须给自己一个推力来开启下滑的过程）"可知，爬到滑梯顶部后需要给自己一个推力才能开始下滑。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据文中第①点"Thingsstaystillunlesssomethingmakesthem▲.ItisNewton'sFirstLaw.（物体保持静止，除非有东西让它们____。这是牛顿第一定律）"，结合牛顿第一定律的含义可知，物体在不受外力时会保持静止或匀速直线运动状态，这里指需要外力让物体移动。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中第②点"Whentwothingsrubagainsteachother，theycausefriction.Withoutfriction，youwillslidedownfasterandfastertothebottom.（当两个物体相互摩擦时，会产生摩擦力。没有摩擦力，你会越来越快地滑到底部）"可知，下滑时速度变慢是因为摩擦力的作用，选项B的图标注了"friction（摩擦力）"。故选B。

（4）细节理解题。根据文中第③点"Newton'sFirstLawalsosaysmovingthingskeepmovingunlesssomethingmakesthemstop.（牛顿第一定律还说，运动的物体会持续运动，除非有东西让它们停下来）"可知，运动的物体不会自己停下来。选项A"Movingthingswon'tstopontheirown.（运动的物体不会自己停下来）"符合原文；B选项重力不是唯一的力，还有摩擦力；C选项开始下滑需要推力，不是摩擦力；D选项没有重力无法下滑，更不会更快。故选A。

（5）推理判断题。这篇文章介绍了滑梯中涉及的重力、摩擦力、牛顿第一定律等科学知识，这类内容最可能出现在科学书中。选项A故事书、B指南书、C学校海报都不符合文体特征。故选D。

本文介绍了滑梯背后的科学原理，包括重力、摩擦力和牛顿第一定律在滑梯运动中的作用；也解释了推力让物体开始运动、摩擦力让下滑速度变慢的相关物理现象。

答阅读题时，先弄清楚短文的主旨大意和文章的脉络，然后在文章中找到对应的信息，再和选项作对比，得出正确答案。27~31.【答案】D、B、D、C、A【解析】短文讲述了一所大学期末考试最后一天，一群自信满满的毕业生参加考试。尽管老师允许携带资料且题目仅有五道，但无人能全部作答，学生们从自信转为惶恐。老师借此告诫他们，即便完成四年学业，仍有诸多未知，真正的教育才刚刚开始。

通读全文，了解文章大意，联系上下文，结合语境，完成试题。

1.

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段This

was

their

last

exam

before

they

went

on

to

graduation

and

jobs.（这是他们毕业和工作前的最后一次考试。）可知，那是大学的最后一次考试。故选D。

2.

（2）细节理解题。根据第一段Onthestepsofonebuilding，agroupofstudentswerediscussingthecomingexaminafewminutes.Ontheirfaceswasconfidence.（在一栋楼的台阶上，一群学生正在讨论几分钟后即将到来的考试。他们的脸上充满了自信。）可知，他们很自信。故选B。

3.

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Youwillallpassthiscourse（你们都将通过这门课程）可知，是全部通过了考试。故选D。

4.

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段I

just

want

you

to

know

that，even

though

you

have

completed

four

years

of

engineering，there

are

still

many

things

about

the

subject

you

don't

know.These

questions

you

could

not

answer

are

quite

common

in

everyday

practice（我只是想让你知道，尽管你已经完成了四年的工程学，但关于这门学科，你还有很多东西不知道。这些你无法回答的问题在日常实践中很常见。）可知，她认为这是给学生一个教训的好机会。故选C。

5.

（5）主旨大意题。根据最后一段"I

just

want

you

to

know

that，even

though

you

have

completed

four

years

of

engineering，there

are

still

many

things

about

the

subject

you

don't

know.These

questions

you

could

not

answer

are

quite

common

in

everyday

practice."Then，smiling，she

added，"You

will

all

pass

this

course，but

remember

that

even

though

you

are

now

college

graduates，your

education

has

just

begun."（"我只是想让你知道，尽管你已经完成了四年的工程学，但关于这门学科，你还有很多东西不知道。这些你无法回答的问题在日常实践中很常见。"然后，她微笑着补充道，"你们都将通过这门课程，但请记住，尽管你们现在是大学毕业生，你们的教育才刚刚开始。"）可知，他们学到：毕业不代表学习结束，寓意学无止境。故选A。32~36.【答案】C、A、C、D、B【解析】略

1.

（1）主旨大意题。根据第1段"Maps

are

important

tools

to

make

sure

we

don't

get

lost

and

they

also

tell

us

how

humans

think，feel

and

live."（地图是确保我们不迷路的重要工具，它们也告诉我们人类如何思考、感受和生活）可知，第一段主要介绍地图的重要性。故选C。

2.

（

2）细节理解题。根据文章时间线：根据第2段中The

earliest

surviving（现存的）

map

of

the

world

is

an

earth

tablet（碑）

from

Babylon.It

shows

Babylon

in

the

center，the

River

Euphrates，and

the

oceans

and

mountains

nearby.（现存最早的世界地图是巴比伦的一块石碑。它显示了中心的巴比伦、幼发拉底河以及附近的海洋和山脉。）可知，c.最早现存地图来自巴比伦→

根据第3段However，it

was

Ptolemy，an

Egyptian（埃及的）

scientist，who

changed

them

forever.He

marked

about

10，000

places

by

creating

a

system.It

used

lines

called

latitude

and

longitude

which

are

still

used

today

to

mark

areas

on

a

map.（然而，是埃及科学家托勒密永远地改变了他们。他通过创建一个系统标记了大约10000个地方。它使用称为纬度和经度的线，这些线至今仍用于在地图上标记区域。）可知，b.托勒密创建经纬度系统→

根据第4段中They

were

often

made

in

monasteries（修道院）

and

mapmakers

put

what

was

most

important

to

them

at

the

center

on

the

map.（它们通常是在修道院制作的，地图制作者会把对他们来说最重要的东西放在地图的中心。）可知，a.欧洲修道院地图侧重讲故事→

根据第5段中Ships

were

crossing

oceans

and

countries

were

building

new

empires，so

accurate（精确的）

maps

appeared.（船只正在穿越海洋，各国正在建立新的帝国，因此出现了精确的地图。）可知，d.因世界变化精确地图出现→

根据第6段中There

have

been

reports

of

people

driving

into

lakes，deserts

or

other

countries

by

mistake

after

following

GPS.（有报道称，人们在跟随GPS后误入湖泊、沙漠或其他国家。）可知，e.现代GPS有时导致错误。正确顺序为c-b-a-d-e，故选A。

3.

（3）推理判断题。根据第5段中so

accurate

maps

appeared（因此精确的地图出现了）以及Mapmakers

were

influenced

by

Ptolemy's

ideas（地图制作者受到托勒密思想的影响）可知，15至17世纪的大变化是地图上更多地方被正确标注，地图更精确了。故选C。

4.

（4）推理判断题。根据第6段中some

experts

worry

that，blind

trust

in

technology

means

we

are

losing

our

natural

sense

of

direction.There

have

been

reports

of

people

driving

into

lakes，deserts

or

other

countries

by

mistake

after

following

GPS.（一些专家担心，盲目信任技术意味着我们正在失去天生的方向感。有报道称人们跟着GPS误入湖泊、沙漠或其他国家）可知，我们不应盲目跟随GPS。故选D。

5.

（5）标题归纳题。根据第1段You

might

think

that

a

map

is

nothing

more

than

a

drawing

of

an

area，such

as

a

city

or

a

country.Maps

are

important

tools

to

make

sure

we

don't

get

lost

and

they

also

tell

us

how

humans

think，feel

and

live.（你可能会认为地图只不过是一个地区的图画，比如一个城市或一个国家。地图是确保我们不会迷路的重要工具，它们还告诉我们人类是如何思考、感受和生活的。）及通读全文可知，全文按时间顺序从古巴比伦地图讲到现代GPS，介绍了地图的发展历史。因此，这篇文章最好的标题是绘制世界地图，故选B。37.【答案】【小题1】shoes【小题2】provide【小题3】easier【小题4】taught【小题5】because【小题6】themselves【小题7】keeps【小题8】who【小题9】ancient【小题10】symbol【解析】（1）考查名词复数。句意：我们可以用它们的皮制作鞋子。根据"usetheirskintomake"（用猪皮制作）结合备选词可知，此处应是指制作"鞋子"，此处用shoe"鞋子"的复数形式shoes"鞋子"表泛指，故填shoes。

（2）考查动词。句意：猪还为我们提供胰岛素等药物原料。根据"Pigsalso...uswithingredientsfordrugslikeinsulin."（猪还为我们...胰岛素等药物原料。）可知，此处应是固定搭配providesb.withsth.（为某人提供某物），主语pigs"猪"为复数，时态为一般现在时，动词原形provide"提供"符合语境，故填provide。

（3）考查形容词比较级。句意：许多专家认为猪比狗或猫更容易训练。根据前文"Theyhaveagoodmemoryandcantelldifferentshapesapart."（他们记忆力很好，能分辨出不同的形状。）可知，此处应是猪比狗或猫"更容易"；根据句中than（比）可知，此处用比较级；结合备选词，easy"容易的"的比较级easier"更容易的"符合语境，故填easier。

（4）考查动词。句意：在法国，猪被训练寻找松露。根据"InFrance，pigsare...tofindtruffles."（在法国，猪被…寻找松露。）可知，此处应是被动语态"被训练"，结合备选词，teach"教、训练"的过去分词taught"教"符合语境，故填taught。

（5）考查连词。句意：那是因为猪没有汗腺。根据"That's...pigshavenosweatglands."（那是…猪没有汗腺。）可知，此处应表示原因，结合备选词，because"因为"符合语境，故填because。

（6）考查代词。句意：在热天，它们必须在水或泥中使自己保持凉爽。根据"theyhavetocool...inwaterormud"（它们必须在水或泥中使…保持凉爽）可知，此处应指代"它们自己"，结合备选词，them"它们"的反身代词themselves"它们自己"符合语境，故填themselves。

（7）考查动词。句意：这也使昆虫远离它们。根据"This...insectsoffthemaswell."（这也…昆虫远离它们。）可知，此处应是固定搭配keep...off（使…远离），主语This"这"为单数，时态为一般现在时，动词三单keeps"保持"符合语境，故填keeps。

（8）考查关系代词。句意：我们可能会用"狼吞虎咽"来形容吃了很多东西的人。根据"describesomeone...haseatenalot"（形容…吃了很多东西的人）可知，此处是定语从句修饰someone"某人"，指人且作主语，结合备选词who"谁、…的人"符合语境，故填who。

（9）考查形容词。句意：但在古代中国，人们真的喜欢猪。根据"peoplein...Chinareallylikedpigs"（在…中国，人们真的喜欢猪）可知，此处应指"古代的"，结合备选词，ancient"古代的"符合语境，故填ancient。

（10）考查名词。句意：人们认为猪的大头和