河南省南阳市方城县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省南阳市方城县某中学2025-2026学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从媒体所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExplorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapesRetracingCharlesDarwin’stravelsacrossNorthWales13May2024|6daysUncoverthebestofWalesasyouexplorethedramaticWelshlandscapesofEryri(Snowdonia)NationalParkandexaminetheregiongeologyandhowithasbeentransformedbyvolcanicandglacialactivityovertheyears.DiscoverthestoryofCharlesDarwin’s1831and1842toursofWales,andretracehistravelsonthissmallgroupjourneytoShrewsburyandSnowdonia.TheRockiesandtheBadlands:GeologyanddinosaursinCanada17June2024|7daysExplorethemajesticRockyMountainswestofCalgaryandtheotherworldlyBadlandstothecast,witnessthestunningsceneryandgeologyofsouthernAlberta.ThistourincludestwovisitstoUNESCOWorldHeritagesites,whereyouwillseefirst-handtheruggedpeaksandglacialfeaturesoftheBanffportionofCanadianRockyMountainParksandthebone-riddledbadlandsofDinosaurProvincialPark.Shortbreak:DinosaursandHoodoos:Alberta23July2024|3daysVisitoneoftheworld’spremierdinosaurmuseums,sailallthewayaroundaWorldHeritagesitewithoutstandingdinosaurfossilsandexplorethemulti-huedcanyonsandwind-sculptedhoodoos(石林)oftheAlbertaBadlands.Throughoutthistouryouwillbeaccompaniedbypalaeontologist(古生物学家)JonNoad,whowillsharethestoriesoftherocks,includingtalesaboutpastoceans,swamps,riversanddeserts,theriseandfallofthedinosaursand,morerecently,icesheetsthatcoveredAlbertaandcarvedoutspectacularlandscapes.1.Whichofthefollowingmightappealtodinosaurenthusiastmost?A.TheEryriNationalPark. B.TheWelshGlaciers.C.TheRockyMountains. D.TheAlbertaBadlands.2.Whatdoallthethreetoursinvolve?A.Scientificfacts. B.Talesaboutthepast.C.Specialcompanions. D.VisitstoWorldHeritagesites.3.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Aresearchpaper. B.Asciencefiction.C.Atourismreport. D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了三个关于神奇地质景观的旅行。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Visitoneoftheworld’spremierdinosaurmuseums,sailallthewayaroundaWorldHeritagesitewithoutstandingdinosaurfossilsandexplorethemulti-huedcanyonsandwind-sculptedhoodoos(石林)oftheAlbertaBadlands.(参观世界上首屈一指的恐龙博物馆之一，在拥有杰出恐龙化石的世界遗产遗址周围航行，探索阿尔伯塔荒原的多彩峡谷和风雕石林)”可知，阿尔伯塔荒原可能最吸引恐龙爱好者，故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章标题“Explorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapes(探索这些神奇景观背后的科学)”并结合第一段中“UncoverthebestofWalesasyouexplorethedramaticWelshlandscapesofEryri(Snowdonia)NationalParkandexaminetheregiongeologyandhowithasbeentransformedbyvolcanicandglacialactivityovertheyears.(当您探索厄里（斯诺登尼亚）国家公园引人注目的威尔士景观时，揭开威尔士最好的一面，并研究该地区的地质情况，以及多年来火山和冰川活动如何改变了它)”、第二段中“ExplorethemajesticRockyMountainswestofCalgaryandtheotherworldlyBadlandstothecast,witnessthestunningsceneryandgeologyofsouthernAlberta.(探索卡尔加里西部雄伟的落基山脉和超凡脱俗的荒地，见证阿尔伯塔省南部令人惊叹的风景和地质)”和最后一段中“Throughoutthistouryouwillbeaccompaniedbypalaeontologist(古生物学家)JonNoad,whowillsharethestoriesoftherocks,includingtalesaboutpastoceans,swamps,riversanddeserts,theriseandfallofthedinosaursand,morerecently,icesheetsthatcoveredAlbertaandcarvedoutspectacularlandscapes.(在整个旅程中，古生物学家JonNoad将与您分享岩石的故事，包括过去的海洋，沼泽，河流和沙漠，恐龙的兴衰，以及最近覆盖阿尔伯塔省并雕刻出壮观景观的冰盖的故事。)”结合文章标题“Explorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapes(探索这些神奇景观背后的科学)”可知，文章介绍了一些有关神奇景观的旅行，探索这些神奇景观背后的科学，故三个旅行的共同点是它们都涉及科学事实，故选A。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合文章标题“Explorethesciencebehindtheseamazinglandscapes(探索这些神奇景观背后的科学)”可知，文章介绍了三个关于神奇地质景观的旅行，应是出自一本旅游手册，故选D。BTheyear2023marksthe102thanniversaryofNoether’sringtheory,abranchoftheoreticalmathematicsthatisstillfascinatingandchallengingnumerousmathematicianstoday.Neotherwasbornin1882inGermany,whosefatherwasamathprofessor,butitmusthaveseemedunlikelytoayoungNeotherthatshewouldfollowinhisfootstepsbecausewomenwerebannedfromacademiaandfewtookclassesatuniversities.AfterNeothergraduatedfromahighschoolforgirls,ErlangenUniversitystartedtoletwomenenroll.Shesignedupandearnedherdoctorateinmathematics,whichshouldhavebeentheendofhermathematicaljourney.Teachingatauniversityforwomenwasstilloutofthequestion.ButNeotherstuckwithmathematicsanyway,stayinginErlangenandunofficiallyguidingdoctoralstudentswithoutpay.In1915,sheappliedforapositionattheUniversityofGottingen.BillNicholl,thedeanattheuniversity,alsoamathematician,wasinfavorofhiringNeother,althoughhisargumentwasfarfromfeminist(女权主义).“Thefemalebrainisunsuitableformathematicalproduction,”hewrote,“butNeotherstoodoutasoneoftherareexceptions.”UnfortunatelyforNeother,theMinistryofEducationwouldnotgivetheuniversitypermissiontohaveawomanastheirteacher.NeotherstayedinGottingenandtaughtcourseslistedunderthenameofamalefacultyteacher.Duringthoseyears,shekeptdoingresearchandmadeimportantcontributionstotheoreticalphysicsandEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Theuniversityfinallygrantedherlecturerstatus.Twoyearslater,Neotherpublishedrevolutionarydiscoveriesinringtheory,whichisthestudyofmathematicalobjectscalledrings.Neotherianringsshowupallthetimeinmodernmathematics.MathematiciansstilluseNeother’smaptoday,notjustinringtheory,butinotherareasuchasnumbertheoryandalgebraicgeometry.4.WhatdowelearnaboutNeotherfromparagraph2?A.Shetaughtatuniversityasateacher. B.Sheearnedadegreeinmathematics.C.Shewastaughtbyherfatherathome D.Shequithermathematicaljourneyearly.5.WhatcanweinferfromBillNicholl’swords?A.Hewasstrugglingforfeminist. B.Females’brainsdifferedfrommales’.C.Neotherwasagiantinmathematics. D.Womenmathematiciansweresuperb.6.WhatdoweknowaboutNoether’sringtheory?A.Itisstillusedbymathematicianstoday.B.Itopensupanewfieldinmodernphysics.C.ItisbasedonEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.D.Itlaysthefoundationformodernmathematics.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNoether?A.Giftedandgenerous. B.Sensitiveanddetermined.C.Committedandcreative. D.Hardworkingandhonest.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Neother

为数学做出了开拓性的贡献，在那个时代，女性还被排斥在学术界之外，但她坚守数学领域，发表了有关环论的革命性发现，至今数学家们仍在思考和发展她的发现。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Shesignedupandearnedherdoctorateinmathematics(她报名参加并获得了数学博士学位)”可知，Neother获得了数学学位。故选B。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段的“

“Thefemalebrainisunsuitableformathematicalproduction,”hewrote,“butNeotherstoodoutasoneoftherareexceptions.”(“女性的大脑不适合进行数学运算，”他写道，“但诺瑟尔是为数不多的例外之一。”)”可推知，Neother是天生的数学大师人物。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段的“MathematiciansstilluseNeother’smaptoday,notjustinringtheory,butinotherareasuchasnumbertheoryandalgebraicgeometry.(数学家们今天仍然在使用Neother的地图，不仅在环理论中，而且在其他领域，如数论和代数几何中)”可知，环论在今天依然为数学家所利用。故选A。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Duringthoseyears,shekeptdoingresearchandmadeimportantcontributionstotheoreticalphysicsandEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Theuniversityfinallygrantedherlecturerstatus.Twoyearslater,Neotherpublishedrevolutionarydiscoveriesinringtheory.(在那些年里，她一直在做研究，对理论物理学和爱因斯坦的相对论做出了重要贡献。大学最终授予她讲师的地位。两年后，Neother发表了关于环理论的革命性发现)”可推知，Neother是坚定的且有创意的人。故选C。CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.8.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C.TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences.10.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?A.Createrules. B.Comprehendmeaning.C.Talkfluently. D.Identifydifficultwords.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.B.Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.C.Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.D.Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为ProjectDebater的软件程序。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为ProjectDebater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聪明。故选B。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(尽管ProjectDebater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，ProjectDebater不能理解意义，故选B。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。DCalledoceanthermalenergyconversion(OTEC),theideaistousesurfacewaterwarmedbythesuntoheatafluidsuchasammoniaorwater,whichthenrunsaheatenginetoproduceenergy,justlikeapowerplantdrivenbysteam.Coldwaterfromdeeperlayersoftheoceanwouldthenbepipeduptocoolthefluidandrepeatthecycle.Theoretically,oceanscouldprovidevastamountsofelectricitylikethis.Researchershaveestimatedthatthereisenoughoceanheattosupply7,000gigawattsayearwithoutaffectingoceancirculation,enoughtosupplytheworld’selectricitydemand—ifwecanaccessit.Theideawasfirstputforwardin1881,butwentlargelyunexploreduntilthe1970soil.crisisdroveasearchfornewsourcesofenergy.Intheyearssince,demonstrationprojectshavebeenbuilt,butprogresshasbeen“disappointing”,saysAIBingeratSIDSDOCK,anorganisationthatpromotescleanenergydevelopmentinsmallislandcountries.Inrecentyears,afreshurgencytotransitionawayfromfossilfuelshasbroughtasuggestionofanOTECreturn.“It’sthemostpromisingit’sbeeninmanydecades,”saysAndreaCoppingatthePacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinWashingtonstate.Tropical(热带的)islandsaregoodcandidatesforOTECbecauseoftheirhighenergycosts—diesel(柴油)generatorsarecommonthere—andthepresenceofdeepcoldwaternotfarfromshore,saysJamesVanZwietenatFloridaAtlanticUniversity.Islandsalsohavelessspaceforothertypesofrenewables.Abarrierforpastprojectswasthecostoffixingkilometresoflargepipestoreachdeepwater.GlobalOTECaimstoavoidthatbyextendingashorterpipefromaplatformfloatingindeepwater10kilometresoffshore,thentransmittingelectricitybackviaacable(电缆),andmakinguseofadvancesmadeinoffshorewindtechnology.“OTECwillbepartofprovidingareasonableenergytransitionsotheseplacesaren’tdependingondieselimportsfromtherichestpetrolstatesintheworld,”saysDanGrech,GlobalOTEC’sCEO.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutOTECtechnologyfromparagraph1?A.Itmainlyusesoffshorewindtogenerateelectricity.B.Ithasbeenwidelyappliedtotheoceansallovertheworld.C.Itcancleanthewaterinthedeeperlayersoftheocean.D.Itdependsstronglyonthetemperaturedifferenceintheocean.13.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.TheadvantagesofOTEC. B.ThedevelopmentofOTEC.C.SuccessfulprojectsofOTEC. D.DifferentopinionsonOTEC.14.WhatdifficultydidthepastprojectshavewithOTEConislands?A.Lackingtechnologyforgeneratingelectricity.B.Beingfarawayfromtheshore.C.Enormousinvestmentinthepipeequipment.D.Greatdemandforthespace.15.WhatisDanGrech’sattitudetowardsOTEC?A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋热能转换的想法的原理、发展过程、意义、前景等。【12题详析】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Calledoceanthermalenergyconversion(OTEC),theideaistousesurfacewaterwarmedbythesuntoheatafluidsuchasammoniaorwater,whichthenrunsaheatenginetoproduceenergy,justlikeapowerplantdrivenbysteam.Coldwaterfromdeeperlayersoftheoceanwouldthenbepipeduptocoolthefluidandrepeatthecycle.Theoretically,oceanscouldprovidevastamountsofelectricitylikethis.(这个被称为海洋热能转换（OTEC）的想法是利用被太阳加热的地表水加热氨或水等流体，然后运行热机产生能量，就像由蒸汽驱动的发电厂一样。然后，来自海洋较深层的冷水将被输送上来冷却液体，并重复这个循环。理论上，海洋可以像这样提供大量的电力。)”可知，OTEC技术很大程度上取决于海洋中的温差。故选D。【13题详析】主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“Theideawasfirstputforwardin1881,butwentlargelyunexploreduntilthe1970soil.crisisdroveasearchfornewsourcesofenergy.Intheyearssince,demonstrationprojectshavebeenbuilt,butprogresshasbeen“disappointing”,saysAIBingeratSIDSDOCK,anorganisationthatpromotescleanenergydevelopmentinsmallislandcountries.Inrecentyears,afreshurgencytotransitionawayfromfossilfuelshasbroughtasuggestionofanOTECreturn.“It’sthemostpromisingit’sbeeninmanydecades,”saysAndreaCoppingatthePacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinWashingtonstate.(这个想法最早是在1881年提出的，但直到20世纪70年代石油才得到了广泛的探索。危机促使人们寻找新能源。SIDSDOCK是一个促进小岛屿国家清洁能源发展的组织，它的AIBinger说，在那之后的几年里，示范项目已经建成，但是进展“令人失望”。近年来，从化石燃料转型的新紧迫性带来了OTEC回归的建议。“这是几十年来最有希望的，”华盛顿州太平洋西北国家实验室的安德里亚·科平说。)”可知，第2段主要讲OTEC的发展。故选B。【14题详析】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Abarrierforpastprojectswasthecostoffixingkilometresoflargepipestoreachdeepwater.(过去项目的一个障碍是，为深水铺设长达数公里的大型管道的成本。)”可知，过去项目的一个困难是对管道设备的巨大投资。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““OTECwillbepartofprovidingareasonableenergytransitionsotheseplacesaren’tdependingondieselimportsfromtherichestpetrolstatesintheworld,”saysDanGrech,GlobalOTEC’sCEO.(“OTEC将提供合理的能源转型，使这些地方不再依赖于从世界上最富有的石油国家进口柴油，”全球OTEC首席执行官DanGrech表示。)”可知，DanGrech对于OTEC是支持的。故选B。第二节(共五小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。【16题详析】根据空前内容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“dothis”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。【17题详析】根据空前内容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。【18题详析】根据上文内容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。【19题详析】根据空后内容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。【20题详析】根据空前内容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后内容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。第三部分，语言应用(共两部分;每小题一分，共15分)第一节完形填空(共15分)WhenBeverlyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear,shestartedhavingproblemswithher____21____,notablydrynessanddiscomfort.“Iwassimply____22____aterribleexperience.”Ms.BurdeyneysaidatherhomeinToronto.“Ifeltsohelplessandinsecurebecausethequalityofmylifewasaffected.”Ms.Burdeyneytalkedtosomefriendswhohad____23____problemsanddiscoveredthattheywerelargelysufferingin____24____.“Nobodychoosestotalkaboutitbecauseitseemsso____25____,”shesaid.“Butmoreandmorearesufferingandlivesarebeing____26____.”Eventually,Ms.BurdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearchprogramatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.Theresearchteam____27____CanadiandoctorAllanSlomovic,whohasdone____28____workoneyecareusingstemcells.Seeingarayofhope,Ms.Burdeyneybeganraising____29____fortheprojectwithafriend,TorontobusinessmanMeyerZeifman.Sofar,shehasraised$110,000withanother$40,000____30____.“I’mtryingtogetmoreandmorepeopleto____31____thattherearesolutions,”saidMs.Burdeyney,atrainednursewhoisstillworkingasapersonaltrainerafter____32____.“Isaythereisnooldage,there’sonlyneglect(忽视).Don’tstand____33____.Dosomethingaboutit.”Ms.Burdeyney____34____thatsheishopingtodomorefortheresearchproject.“Ijustwanttobringlightintopeople’seyesandthisisjustthe____35____.Thereisstillalongwaytogo.”21.A.throat B.skin C.lungs D.eyes22.A.gettingover B.goingthrough C.holdingon D.passingdown23.A.similar B.various C.personal D.special24.A.turn B.peace C.vain D.silence25.A.unbearable B.abnormal C.insignificant D.disturbing26.A.compromised B.forgotten C.substitutedD.separated27.A.informed B.doubted C.included D.dismissed28.A.part-time B.controversial C.voluntary D.ground-breaking29.A.money B.standards C.awareness D.questions30.A.wasted B.donated C.expected D.earned31.A.imagine B.confirm C.remember D.understand32.A.retirement B.childbirth C.graduation D.marriage33.A.straight B.still C.firm D.alone34.A.commented B.learned C.reminded D.added35.A.future B.beginning C.truth D.meaning【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.A27.C28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.B34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了74岁的BeverlyBurdeyney因眼部问题生活受到影响，发现许多人默默承受同样困扰后，她积极为以色列特拉维夫大学的一项干细胞眼科研项目筹款，希望为人们带来光明，并鼓励大家积极行动。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，当贝弗利·伯德尼74岁时，她的眼睛开始出现问题，特别是干燥和不适。A.throat喉咙；B.skin皮肤；C.lungs肺；D.eyes眼睛。根据后文‌“drynessanddiscomfort”、“eyeresearchprogram”和‌“bringlightintopeople’seyes”等描述可知，伯德尼女士是“眼睛”有问题。故选D项。【22题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我只是在经历一段可怕的经历。”伯德尼女士在她多伦多的家中说道。A.gettingover克服；B.goingthrough经历；C.holdingon坚持；D.passingdown传递。根据后文‌“aterribleexperience”和“Ifeltsohelplessandinsecure”对她的感受描述可知，她是在“经历”一段困难时期。故选B项。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伯德尼女士和一些有类似问题的朋友交谈过。A.similar类似的；B.various多样的；C.personal个人的；D.special特殊的。根据后文‌“discoveredthattheywerelargelysufferingin”可知，她和朋友都在受困于眼疾，所以是“类似的”问题。故选A项。【24题详析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：发现她们大多在默默忍受。A.(in)turn轮流；B.(in)peace和平地；C.(in)vain徒劳地；D.(in)silence沉默地。根据后文‌“Nobodychoosestotalkaboutit”，没有人愿意谈论这个问题，所以大家是“默默地”承受。sufferinsilence是常见搭配。故选D项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“没有人选择谈论它，因为它看起来太微不足道了。”她说。A.unbearable无法忍受的；B.abnormal不正常的；C.insignificant不重要的，微不足道的；D.disturbing令人不安的。后文“Butmoreandmorearesuffering”形成转折，说明尽管问题普遍，但人们因为觉得它“不重要”或“不值一提”而不愿谈论。故选C项。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但越来越多的人正在受苦，生活正在受到影响。A.compromised受损害，受影响；B.forgotten被遗忘；C.substituted被替代；D.separated被分开。根据前文她的亲身感受‌“thequalityofmylifewasaffected”可知，有眼疾的人生活品质下降，即“受损”。故选A项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究团队包括了加拿大医生艾伦·斯洛莫维奇，他在使用干细胞进行眼部护理方面做了开创性的工作。A.informed通知；B.doubted怀疑；C.included包括；D.dismissed解雇。根据前文“aneyeresearchprogramatTelAvivUniversity”和后文介绍专家“CanadiandoctorAllanSlomovic,whohasdoneworkoneyecare”可知，他是该研究团队的成员，所以是“包括”。故选C项。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究团队包括了加拿大医生艾伦·斯洛莫维奇，他在使用干细胞进行眼部护理方面做了开创性的工作。A.part-time兼职的；B.controversial有争议的；C.voluntary志愿的；D.ground-breaking开创性的。根据后文‌“Seeingarayofhope”可知，这项研究给了她希望，说明研究是前沿的、“开创性的”工作。故选D项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到一线希望，伯德尼女士开始与多伦多商人迈耶·蔡夫曼一起为这个项目筹集资金。A.money钱；B.standards标准；C.awareness意识；D.questions问题。根据后文具体金额‌“$110,000”可知，她是在“筹钱”。故选A项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，她已经筹集了11万美元，预计还将有4万美元。A.wasted浪费；B.donated捐赠；C.expected预期，预计；D.earned赚取。根据‌“withanother$40,000”可知，另一笔钱是“预期”或“有望”筹得的。故选C项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我试图让越来越多的人明白是有解决办法的，”伯德尼女士说，她是一位受过训练的护士，在退休后仍然作为一名私人教练工作。A.imagine想象；B.confirm确认；C.remember记住；D.understand明白，理解。根据前文她发现了新的科研项目并开始筹款，她的目的是通过行动让更多人“明白”问题是有解决希望的。故选D项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我试图让越来越多的人明白是有解决办法的，”伯德尼女士说，她是一位受过训练的护士，在退休后仍然作为一名私人教练工作。A.retirement退休；B.childbirth分娩；C.graduation毕业；D.marriage结婚。根据前文‌“WhenBeverlyBurdeyneyturnedseventy-fourlastyear”可知，她已74岁，且‌“stillworking”，这应该是在正式“退休”后继续工作。故选A项。【33题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不要站着不动，要为此做点什么。A.straight笔直地；B.still静止地；C.firm坚定地；D.alone独自地。根据‌“Dosomethingaboutit”可知，与之相对的是“静止不动”；standstill意为“站着不动，停滞不前”。故选B项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯德尼女士补充说，她希望为这个研究项目做更多事情。A.commented评论；B.learned学习；C.reminded提醒；D.added补充说。根据语境，这是她在前述话语‌“Don’tstandstill.Dosomethingaboutit.”之后进一步的表述，因此是“补充说”。故选D项。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我只是想让人们重见光明，而这仅仅是个开始。还有很长的路要走。”A.future未来；B.beginning开始；C.truth真相；D.meaning意义。根据后文‌“Thereisstillalon