浙江杭州市重点中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末学业水平测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江杭州市重点中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末学业水平测试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AVolunteeringinNationalParksLookingtoaddexcitementtoyourlifewithnewfriends,newskillsandappreciationoftheworkyoudo?Ifthissoundsappealing,considervolunteeringinoneofAmerica’snationalparks.Belowarethreegreatpositionswithaccommodation.PortsmouthVillageDocent(3/1/2026—11/1/2026)CapeLookoutNationalSeashore,NorthCarolinaOnceabusytradecenter,theislandisonlyreachablebyboat.Volunteerswillgreetvisitors,offertoursofthevillageandmaintainthehouses,bathrooms,andlandscaping.Villagebuildingsareopenfrom10a.m.to4p.m.FridaythroughMonday.Accommodationisinthehistoricstationwithprivatebathroomandasmallkitchen.Theparkcautionsthatvolunteersmustbewillingtodealwithremoteness,bugsandsevereweatherconditions.KennelAssistant(4/1/2026—5/20/2026)DenaliNationalPark,AlaskaIfyouareinterestedinassistinginthefeedingandtraining30sleddogs,Denalihasapositionforyou.Beyondcaringforthedogs,you’llalsoberesponsibleforyardcleaning.Volunteerswillspendconsiderabletimeoutdoorswhentheparkexperiencesomecoldtemperatures.A32-hourworkweekisrequiredtogetatwo-bedroomcabinrequiringoccupantstouseacommunitybathroom.InterpretiveVolunteer(10/1/2025—4/30/2026)BryceCanyonNationalPark,UtahThistopparkisseekingvolunteerswhowillassistinthevisitorcenterandcollectvisitorstatisticsduringthewintermonths.Volunteersareexpectedtowork32hoursand4daysperweek.Preferencewillbegiventoapplicantswhocommitto12weeksorlonger.Theparkisatanaltitudeof9,000feet,resultinginrelativecoldwintersandbreathtakinglandscapewhenitsnows.Regardlessoftheparkorposition,servingasavolunteerwillprovetobeoneofthemostmemorableexperiences.1.WhatisneededforKennelAssistantstogetaccommodation?A.Workingatweekends. B.Cleaningyardsregularly.C.Trainingsleddogsdaily. D.Working32hoursweekly.2.WhowillbeinterestedintheInterpretiveVolunteerposition?A.Dataanalysts. B.Snowscapelovers.C.Outdoorhikers. D.Animalenthusiasts.3.Whatdoallthreevolunteerpositionshaveincommon?A.Theyprovideprivatebathrooms.B.Theyrecruitvolunteersinwinter.C.Theyfacechallengingconditions.D.Theyacceptshort-termvolunteers.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了美国三个国家公园的志愿者职位及其相关要求。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据KennelAssistant(4/1/2026—5/20/2026)部分“A32-hourworkweekisrequiredtogetatwo-bedroomcabinrequiringoccupantstouseacommunitybathroom.(每周工作32小时，才能获得一间有两间卧室的小屋，住户需使用公共浴室。)”可知，KennelAssistants需要每周工作32小时才能获得住宿。故选D。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据InterpretiveVolunteer(10/1/2025—4/30/2026)部分“Theparkisatanaltitudeof9,000feet,resultinginrelativecoldwintersandbreathtakinglandscapewhenitsnows.(公园海拔9000英尺，冬季相对寒冷，下雪时景色壮丽。)”可知，喜欢雪景的人会对InterpretiveVolunteer这个职位感兴趣。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据PortsmouthVillageDocent(3/1/2026—11/1/2026)部分“Theparkcautionsthatvolunteersmustbewillingtodealwithremoteness,bugsandsevereweatherconditions.(公园提醒志愿者必须愿意应对偏远、虫子和恶劣天气条件。)”；KennelAssistant(4/1/2026—5/20/2026)部分“Volunteerswillspendconsiderabletimeoutdoorswhentheparkexperiencesomecoldtemperatures.(当公园经历一些寒冷天气时，志愿者将在户外度过相当长的时间。)”以及InterpretiveVolunteer(10/1/2025—4/30/2026)部分“Theparkisatanaltitudeof9,000feet,resultinginrelativecoldwintersandbreathtakinglandscapewhenitsnows.(公园海拔9000英尺，冬季相对寒冷，下雪时景色壮丽。)”可知，这三个志愿者职位的共同之处是它们都面临具有挑战性的条件。故选C。BSpaceengineerBarbaraBraunisworkingtoturnthedreamoflivingonMarsintoreality,startinginaremotepartofUtah,aplacewhoseenvironmenthasmuchincommonwiththatofMars.Asamissionofficer,sheleadsmissionsthatcopylifeonMarstotesthowhumanscansurviveinspace.BraunstudiedspaceengineeringatMITandalsobecameaqualifiedemergencymedicalworker—someonetrainedtogiveemergencymedicalcare.Thisskilllaterprovedtobeextremelyvaluable.Hermostimportanttestwasatwo-weekmissionatUtah’sMarsDesertResearchStation.Asthehealthandsafetyofficer,sheledexplorationsinsimulated(模拟的)spacesuits,whereherteamtestedtechnologieslike3Dmappingdronesandradiation-detectingtools.Themissionwasfullofchallenges.Theteamhadtodealwithmanyunexpectedproblemsfrombrokenspacesuitstoabrokentoilet.Solvingsuchpracticalissueswasacorepartoftheexperience.“There’snopiperepaireronMars,”shesays,“soyouneedtobehandy.”Braun’swiderangeofskillssetsherapart.Hertrainingasanemergencymedicalworker,combinedwithvolunteerworkasafirefighter,helpedherdevelopskillsneededforspaceexploration:thinkingquicklyandstayingcalminstressfulsituations.Shebelievesthesepracticalexperiencesareasimportantasherschooleducation.“Theseexperiencespreparedmefortheunexpected—onEarthandMars,”shenotes,highlightingtheconnectionbetweenherdailylifeandherspace-relatedwork.Lookingahead,Braunacknowledgeschallengeslikeradiationbutremainsoptimistic.ShebelievesbuildingacommunityonMarswillrequireallkindsofpeople,notjustscientists.“Weneedpiperepairers,metalworkers,andeverydaypeopleinspace,”shesays.Toyoungspacelovers,heradviceistoreadwidelyandtryoutdifferentthingswithpassion—youneverknowwhichskillwillprepareyouforspace.Throughherwork,Braunishelpingtomakehumanity’snextspacehomeareality.4.WhydoesBarbaraBraunconductherworkinaremotepartofUtah?A.Itisavailabletohumans.B.Ithasadvancedtechnology.C.Ithasemergencymedicalcare.D.IthasasimilarenvironmenttoMars.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.ThefunctionofUtah’sMarsDesertResearchStation.B.TheadvancedtechnologiestestedintheMarsmission.C.TheMarssimulationmissionanditstoughdifficulties.D.Theresponsibilitiesofahealthandsafetyofficerinspace.6.WhatcanwelearnfromBraun’sadvice?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Manyskillsmakelightwork.C.Booksaretheladdertosuccess.D.Wherethere’spassion,there’ssuccess.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBarbaraBraun?A.Knowledgeableandmild.B.Ambitiousandgenerous.C.Passionateandall-round.D.Specializedandconventional.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了航天工程师BarbaraBraun在犹他州开展火星生存模拟实验的工作，讲述了其模拟任务的挑战、多元技能的重要性，并分享了她对航天探索的看法和给航天爱好者的建议。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“startinginaremotepartofUtah,aplacewhoseenvironmenthasmuchincommonwiththatofMars.(从犹他州的一个偏远地区开始，这个地方的环境与火星有很多共同之处。)”可知，BarbaraBraun在犹他州偏远地区开展工作是因为这里的环境和火星相似。故选D。【5题详析】主旨大意题。根据第2段中“Hermostimportanttestwasatwo-weekmissionatUtah’sMarsDesertResearchStation.(她最重要的测试是在犹他州火星沙漠研究站进行的为期两周的任务。)”和“Themissionwasfullofchallenges.Theteamhadtodealwithmanyunexpectedproblemsfrombrokenspacesuitstoabrokentoilet.(这次任务充满了挑战。团队不得不处理许多意想不到的问题，从宇航服破损到马桶故障。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了火星模拟任务以及任务中遇到的艰难困难。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第4段中“Toyoungspacelovers,heradviceistoreadwidelyandtryoutdifferentthingswithpassion—youneverknowwhichskillwillprepareyouforspace.(对于年轻的航天爱好者，她的建议是广泛阅读，满怀热情地尝试不同的事物——你永远不知道哪种技能会为你的航天之路做好准备。)”可知，Braun的建议体现了掌握多种技能能助力完成航天相关工作，契合“Manyskillsmakelightwork.(技多不压身)”的内涵。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第3段中“Braun’swiderangeofskillssetsherapart.(Braun的多种技能让她脱颖而出。)”和第4段中“Toyoungspacelovers,heradviceistoreadwidelyandtryoutdifferentthingswithpassion(对于年轻的航天爱好者，她的建议是广泛阅读，满怀热情地尝试不同的事物)”以及她为实现火星居住梦想所做的一系列工作可知，Braun既满怀热情，又具备多方面的能力，是个全面的人。故选C。CStress,challengesandfailureareapartoflife,buthowweemotionallyrespondtothemcanshapeourfuture.AsShakespeareputit,“Thereisnothingeithergoodorbad,butthinkingmakesitso”.Thisreflectsthepowerofanemotion-regulationstrategypsychologistscallcognitivereappraisal(认知重评),orreframing.Itshowcasesapowerfulcapacitythathumanshavetochangetheirownemotionalexperiencesbychangingnotthesituation,butwhatthesituationmeanstothem.Psychologistsdescribetwomainwaystodothis.Oneisreinterpretingasituation,or“lookingonthebrightside.”Forexample,aminorcaraccidentisstressful,butyoucouldreframeitbyfocusingonthefactthatnoonegothurt.Orperhapsyoucanfindasilverlining—ahiddenbenefit—inthesituation.Theothermethodispsychologicaldistancing.Withthis,youdon’tchangetheevent’smeaning,butyouchangehowimportantitistoyoubyimaginingyourselffarinthefuture.Youcouldaskyourself:howlikelyisitthatIwillevenrememberthisevent10yearsfromnow?Researchshowsthatcognitivereappraisalcanreducenegativeemotionslikesadnessandincreasepositiveoneslikehope.Overtime,thiscontributestogreaterwell-beingandlessdepression.Thestrategyworksbyaffectingourbrain’semotionalresponse.Neuroimagingstudiesshowthatcognitivereappraisalengagesthebrain’sthinkingcenter.Thisareathenhelpstocalmourbrain’sinternalthreatdetector,leadingtolessnegativeemotion.However,cognitivereappraisalhasitslimitsandmustmatchreality.Itisnotaone-size-fits-allstrategy.Psychologistswarnagainst“toxicpositivity”,whereyoumightlietoyourselfjusttofeelbetter.Thekeyistoseereframingnotasamagicalcure,butasoneusefulinstrumentinour“emotionaltoolbox”,whichwecanselectandusewiselydependingonthesituation.8.WhydoestheauthorquoteShakespeare’swordsinparagraph1?A.ToproveShakespeare’sinfluence.B.Tointroducethepowerofreframing.C.Tosuggestlifeisfullofuncertainty.D.Todefinecognitivereappraisaldirectly.9.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofpsychologicaldistancing?A.Reflectingonwhetherasmallquarrelwillmatterinadecade.B.Focusingonthefactthatabrokenphonedidn’tcausedataloss.C.Viewingadelayedflightasachancetofinishanunfinishedbook.D.Consideringalostcompetitionasalessonforfutureimprovement.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“toxicpositivity”inParagraph4mean?A.Stressfromtoomuchpositivity.B.Fakepositivityinsocialinteractions.C.Harmfuloptimismignoringreality.D.Positivethinkingforemotionalrelief.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscognitivereappraisal?A.Favorable. B.Doubtful.C.Disapproving. D.Objective.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种重要的情绪调节策略——认知重评(又称重新构建)，阐述了其两种主要方式、科学依据，同时也指出了该策略的局限性，强调应结合实际合理运用。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第1段中“AsShakespeareputit,“Thereisnothingeithergoodorbad,butthinkingmakesitso”.Thisreflectsthepowerofanemotion-regulationstrategypsychologistscallcognitivereappraisal(认知重评),orreframing.(正如莎士比亚所说：“世事本无好坏，全凭心境使然”这体现了一种被心理学家称为认知重评(又称重新构建)的情绪调节策略的力量。)”可知，作者引用莎士比亚的话是为了引出认知重评(重新构建)的力量。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第2段中“Theothermethodispsychologicaldistancing.Withthis,youdon’tchangetheevent’smeaning,butyouchangehowimportantitistoyoubyimaginingyourselffarinthefuture.Youcouldaskyourself:howlikelyisitthatIwillevenrememberthisevent10yearsfromnow?(另一种方法是心理疏离。通过这种方法，你不会改变事件的意义，但会通过想象自己处于遥远的未来来改变它对你的重要性。你可以问自己：10年后我还会记得这件事吗？)”可知，思考一次小争吵在十年后是否重要，是通过未来视角降低事件重要性，属于心理疏离的例子。故选A。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第4段中“However,cognitivereappraisalhasitslimitsandmustmatchreality.Itisnotaone-size-fits-allstrategy.Psychologistswarnagainst“toxicpositivity”,whereyoumightlietoyourselfjusttofeelbetter.(然而，认知重评有其局限性，必须与现实相符。它并非万能策略。心理学家警告要警惕……，即你可能为了感觉良好而欺骗自己。)”可知，“toxicpositivity”指的是一种为了维持积极感受而忽视或歪曲事实的做法，这种做法是有害的。选项C“Harmfuloptimismignoringreality.(忽视现实的有害乐观主义。)”准确地概括了这层含义。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第3段中“Researchshowsthatcognitivereappraisalcanreducenegativeemotionslikesadnessandincreasepositiveoneslikehope.Overtime,thiscontributestogreaterwell-beingandlessdepression.(研究表明，认知重评可以减少悲伤等负面情绪，增加希望等正面情绪。久而久之，这有助于提升幸福感，减少抑郁。)”可知，作者肯定了认知重评的积极作用；又根据第4段中“However,cognitivereappraisalhasitslimitsandmustmatchreality.(然而，认知重评有其局限性，必须与现实相符。)”可知，作者也客观指出了其不足。由此可判断，作者对认知重评的态度是客观的。故选D。DScientistshavedevelopedabrain-computerinterface(BCI)thatcancaptureandunderstandaperson’sinnerspeech.Unlikeprevioussystemsrequiringuserstophysicallytrytospeak,thisBCIonlyneedsthemtothinkaboutwhattheywanttosay.LeadresearcherEdwardChangstated,“Thisisthefirsttimewe’veunderstoodthebrainactivitywhenyoujustthinkaboutspeaking.”Forthosewithseverespeechproblems,thisnewBCIoffersaneasierandmorenaturalwaytocommunicate.ManycurrentBCIsthathelpcommunicationstillrequirephysicalattemptstospeak.Thisprocesscanbetiringforindividualswithlimitedmusclecontrol.Researcherswonderediftheycouldinsteaddecode(解码)innerspeech,whichmeansunderstandingthoughtswithoutanyphysicalmovement.Intheirstudy,researchersworkedwithfourpeoplesufferingfromsevereparalysis(瘫痪).Theseparticipantshadelectrodesimplanted(植入)intheirbrainsaspartofanothermedicaltrial.TheteamusedAItointerprettheelectricalsignalsfromtheseelectrodes,decodingbothinnerspeechandattemptedspeech.TheAImodelsdecodedparticipants’internalsentenceswithupto74%accuracy.Interestingly,innerspeechandattemptedspeechproducedsimilarpatternsofbrainactivityinthebrain’smotorcortex,butinnerspeechproducedweakersignalsoverall.OneethicaldilemmawithBCIsisthattheycouldpotentiallydecodepeople’sprivatethoughtsratherthanwhattheyintendedtosayaloud.Toavoidthecurrentsystemunintentionallydecodingaperson’sprivateinnerspeech,theteamdevelopedapassword-protectedBCI.Participantscoulduseattemptedspeechtocommunicateatanytime,buttheBCIstarteddecodinginnerspeechonlyaftertheyspokethepassword.ThoughtheBCIwasn’tabletodecodecompletesentenceswhenapersonwasn’tclearlythinkinginwords,studyco-authorFrankWillettsaid,“ThisgivesrealhopethatspeechBCIscanonedayrestorecommunicationthatisasfluent,naturalandcomfortableasconversationalspeech.”12.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopthenewBCI?A.Toobtainprivatethoughts.B.Toreduceuserexhaustion.C.Tocontrolexternaldevices.D.Tounderstandbrainactivity.13.Howdidtheresearchersdecodeinternalsentencesinthestudy?A.Byrecordingphysicalmovements.B.Byaskingparticipantstospeakaloud.C.ByusingAItoreadweakersignals.D.Byinterpretingbrainelectricalsignals.14.HowdidtheresearchersaddresstheethicaldilemmaofthenewBCI?A.Theydevelopedapasswordsystem.B.Theystrengthenedinnerspeechsignals.C.Theylimitedattemptedspeechtranslation.D.TheytrainedAItodecodewholesentences15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NewBCI:ABreakthroughinDecodingInnerSpeechB.OvercomingParalysis:ANewHopeforCommunicationC.Password-ProtectedBCI:AGreatSolutiontoPrivacyLeaksD.BCITechnology:AWaytoDecodeThoughtsviaPasswords【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家开发出一种新型脑机接口（BCI），能够解码人类内心言语，为严重语言障碍者提供更自然的交流方式。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ManycurrentBCIsthathelpcommunicationstillrequirephysicalattemptstospeak.Thisprocesscanbetiringforindividualswithlimitedmusclecontrol.Researcherswonderediftheycouldinsteaddecode(解码)innerspeech,whichmeansunderstandingthoughtswithoutanyphysicalmovement.(许多目前帮助交流的脑机接口仍然需要身体尝试说话。对于肌肉控制能力有限的人来说，这个过程可能会很累。研究人员想知道，他们是否可以解码内心言语，这意味着无需任何身体动作就能理解思想)”可知，研究人员开发新型BCI是为了减少用户因身体尝试说话而产生的疲劳。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheteamusedAItointerprettheelectricalsignalsfromtheseelectrodes,decodingbothinnerspeechandattemptedspeech.(研究小组使用人工智能来解释这些电极发出的电信号，解码内心言语和尝试言语)”可知，研究人员通过解释大脑电信号来解码内心言语。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Toavoidthecurrentsystemunintentionallydecodingaperson’sprivateinnerspeech,theteamdevelopedapassword-protectedBCI.(为了避免当前系统无意中解码一个人的私人内心言语，研究小组开发了一种密码保护的脑机接口)”可知，研究人员通过开发密码系统来解决新型BCI的伦理困境。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientistshavedevelopedabrain-computerinterface(BCI)thatcancaptureandunderstandaperson’sinnerspeech.Unlikeprevioussystemsrequiringuserstophysicallytrytospeak,thisBCIonlyneedsthemtothinkaboutwhattheywanttosay.(科学家们开发出一种能够捕捉和理解人类内心言语的脑机接口（BCI）。与以往需要用户实际尝试说话的系统不同，这种BCI只需要他们思考自己想说什么)”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家开发出一种新型脑机接口（BCI），能够解码人类内心言语，为严重语言障碍者提供更自然的交流方式。由此可知，A项“新型脑机接口：解码内心言语的突破”适合作为本文标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheArtofAskingGreatQuestionsAskingquestionsisakeyskillforeffectivecommunication,yetmanyfailtomasterit,missingoutonmeaningfulconnectionsandusefulinsights.Fortunately,it’saskillthatcanbedevelopedwithintention.____16____Tostartwith,clarifyyourpurposeandasktherightperson.Reflectonwhatyouaimtogain—tipsforexamsorhomeworkfeedback—beforeraisingaquestion.Thismakesyourquestionmorefocused,leadingtobetterresponses.____17____Forexample,seekingmedicaladvicefromafriendinsteadofadoctorwillonlyleadtovagueorincorrectinformation.____18____Ifaquestionpopsup,askitpromptlywhilefresh;ifthetimingisn’tright—suchasduringameeting—writeitdowntofollowuplater.Usesimple,clearlanguage,avoiddifficultterms,andstayneutraltokeepfrominfluencingresponses.Insteadofsaying“Thisplanisperfect,isn’tit?”,try“What’syourtakeonthisplan?”toencouragehonestfeedback.Additionally,attentivelisteningandthoughtfulfollow-upsareessential.____19____Noddingorsayingbriefphraseslike“Isee”cansignalyourengagement.Follow-upquestionsarecrucialfordeepeningtheconversation.Youcanadd“Whatstepsdoyouthinkwecantaketoovercomeit?”afterasking“What’sthemaindifficultyhere?”Thisshiftfromidentifyingissuestoexploringsolutionskeepsthedialogueproductive.____20____Avoidrudequestionsthatpushothersaway.Approachanswerswithcuriosityratherthanclosed-mindedness—everyquestionisanopportunitytoexpandyourunderstanding.Withthesesteps,you’llturncommonexchangesintomeaningfulconnections.A.Craftingquestionsisanotherkeyaspect.B.Toomanyfollow-upquestionsmayannoyothers.C.Listenpatientlyandfocusonwhatthepersonissaying.D.Simplewordsmakeyourquestionseasiertounderstand.E.Ultimately,maintainarespectfulandopen-mindedattitude.F.Herearesomepracticalstrategiesforeffectivequestioning.G.Choosingthosewithrelevantknowledgeensuresanswerreliability.【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.C20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提出有效问题的实用策略，包括明确目的、选择合适的提问对象、精心设计问题、专注倾听并进行有深度的后续提问以及保持尊重和开放的态度等方面。【16题详析】由上文“Fortunately,it’saskillthatcanbedevelopedwithintention.(幸运的是，这是一项可以有意识地培养的技能。)”以及下文各段介绍的具体提问策略可知，本空要引出下文的实用方法，F选项“Herearesomepracticalstrategiesforeffectivequestioning.(以下是一些有效提问的实用策略。)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“practicalstrategies”承接上文提到的“技能可培养”，且与下文分点阐述的具体策略相呼应，表示接下来将介绍具体方法。故选F。【17题详析】由上文“Tostartwith,clarifyyourpurposeandasktherightperson.

(首先，明确你的目的并向合适的人提问)”以及下文“Forexample,seekingmedicaladvicefromafriendinsteadofadoctorwillonlyleadtovagueorincorrectinformation.(例如，向朋友而不是医生寻求医疗建议只会得到模糊或错误的信息。)”可知，本空要强调选择合适提问对象的重要性，G选项“Choosingthosewithrelevantknowledgeensuresanswerreliability.(选择那些有相关知识的人可以确保答案的可靠性。)”能衔接上下文，符合题意，该选项中的“Choosingthosewithrelevantknowledge”指代上文的“asktherightperson”，且该选项中的“answerreliability”与下文例子中“向朋友求医疗建议会得到错误信息”形成对比，突出选择有相关知识的人的重要性。故选G。【18题详析】由下文“Ifaquestionpopsup,askitpromptlywhilefresh;ifthetimingisn’tright—suchasduringameeting—writeitdowntofollowuplater.Usesimple,clearlanguage,avoiddifficultterms,andstayneutraltokeepfrominfluencingresponses.(如果突然想到一个问题，趁记忆犹新时立即提出；如果时机不合适——比如在会议期间——写下来之后再跟进。使用简单明了的语言，避免难懂的术语，保持中立，以免影响回答。)”可知，本空要引出“设计问题”这一核心内容，A选项“Craftingquestionsisanotherkeyaspect.(精心设计问题是另一个关键方面。)”能总领下文，符合题意，该选项中的“Craftingquestions”与下文提到的“及时提问、使用简洁语言、保持中立”等设计问题的细节相呼应，表示这些都是精心设计问题的具体体现。故选A。【19题详析】由上文“Additionally,attentivelisteningandthoughtfulfollow-upsareessential.(此外，专注倾听和深思熟虑的后续提问至关重要。)”以及下文“Noddingorsayingbriefphraseslike“Isee”cansignalyourengagement.(点头或说“我明白”之类的简短短语可以表明你在认真参与。)”可知，本空要强调倾听的重要性，C选项“Listenpatientlyandfocusonwhatthepersonissaying.(耐心倾听，专注于对方所说的内容。)”能衔接上下文，符合题意，该选项中的“Listenpatiently”承接上文的“attentivelistening”，且该选项中的“focusonwhatthepersonissaying”与下文“点头、说简短短语”等倾听时的具体表现相呼应，表示专注倾听是参与对话的基础。故选C。【20题详析】由下文“Avoidrudequestionsthatpushothersaway.Approachanswerswithcuriosityratherthanclosed-mindedness—everyquestionisanopportunitytoexpandyourunderstanding.(避免提出会让人疏远的无礼问题。以好奇心而非固执己见的态度对待答案——每个问题都是拓宽你认知的机会。)”可知，本空要强调提问时的态度，E选项“Ultimately,maintainarespectfulandopen-mindedattitude.(归根结底，要保持尊重和开放的态度。)”能总领下文，符合题意，该选项中的“respectful”与下文“avoidrudequestions”相呼应，“open-mindedattitude”与下文“ratherthanclosed-mindedness”相呼应，表示尊重和开放的态度是有效提问的重要保障。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afteraday’sphoto-takinginEthiopia,Isaidgoodbyetothelocal.Tired,Iwas____21____backtocampwhenIheardavoicebehind.“Photo,photo,photo!”Aboy,aboutsevenyearsold,wasfollowingmeclosely.Ihadnoenergytoshootonemoretime,buthekeptfollowing,hiseyeswidewith____22____.Finally,I____23____.Anideaforaperfectcompositionflashedinmymind.Ikneltinthecornfieldand____24____theboywheretostandandhowtopose.ButasIpreparedtoshoot,hisenergysuddenlyshiftedfromeagernessto____25____andfear.TryasImight,Icouldn’tgetwhatIwanted.____26____,Igaveup.He’djustwantedhisphotographtaken,andnowhe’dgonecamerashy.To____27____theboy,Istartedclappingmyhands,“Youweregreat!”Othersgatheringaroundalsobeganclappingloudly.Theboy’sfaceimmediately____28____asmile.Iinstinctively(本能地)tookafewphotosofthat____29____moment.ThatphotographturnedoutmuchbetterthantheoneIhad_____30_____.Later,IrealizedIhadbeenso_____31_____myownwants—gettingaperfectpicturefor_____32_____.Butalltheboyhadwantedwastobe_____33_____foramoment,arealmomenttobecaptured.Photographyisnotjustabouttakingpicturesbutawayof_____34_____toothersandtheworld.Itremindsmeofwhattruly_____35_____inlife:genuinehumanconnection.21.A.travelling B.rushing C.heading D.fleeing22.A.surprise B.hope C.pride D.relief23.A.agreed B.refused C.hesitated D.regretted24.A.forced B.requested C.helped D.instructed25.A.patience B.curiosity C.shyness D.guilt26.A.Scared B.Frustrated C.Ashamed D.Embarrassed27.A.calmdown B.cheerup C.callon D.counton28.A.brokeinto B.brokeoff C.brokeup D.brokedown29.A.rare B.normal C.casual D.natural30.A.insisted B.adopted C.spotted D.imagined31.A.exposedto B.blessedwith C.trappedin D.opposedto32.A.him B.others C.myself D.them33.A.seen B.displayed C.acknowledged D.encountered34.A.appealing B.connecting C.attending D.subscribing35.A.exists B.bothers C.differs D.matters【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.B28.A29.D30.D31.C32.C33.A34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在埃塞俄比亚拍照时与男孩的相遇，从中领悟到摄影的真谛是联结人与世界，生活的核心是真诚的人际联结。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我疲惫地返回营地时，听到身后传来一个声音。A.travelling旅行；B.rushing匆忙跑；C.heading前往；D.fleeing逃离。根据前文“Afteraday’sphoto-takinginEthiopia,Isaidgoodbyetothelocal.”可知，作者结束拍摄后准备返回营地，headbackto为固定搭配表“返回”。故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经没有力气再拍一张了，但他一直跟在我身后，眼睛里满是期待。A.surprise惊讶；B.hope希望、期待；C.pride骄傲；D.relief宽慰。根据前文“Photo,photo,photo!”可知，男孩非常希望作者能为自己拍照，眼中满是期待。故选B项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我答应了。A.agreed同意、答应；B.refused拒绝；C.hesitated犹豫；D.regretted后悔。根据后文“Ikneltinthecornfieldand________theboywheretostandandhowtopose.”可知，作者跪在玉米地里指导男孩摆姿势，说明作者最终答应了男孩的拍照请求。故选A项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跪在玉米地里，指导男孩该站在哪里、该摆什么姿势。A.forced强迫；B.requested要求；C.helped帮助；D.instructed指导。根据后文“wheretostandandhowtopose”可知，作者在为拍照做准备，告诉男孩站位和姿势，是对男孩进行指导。故选D项。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就在我准备按下快门时，他的情绪突然从急切变成了羞怯和恐惧。A.patience耐心；B.curiosity好奇；C.shyness羞怯；D.guilt愧疚。根据后文“He’djustwantedhisphotographtaken,andnowhe’dgonecamerashy.”可知，男孩出现了镜头羞怯的反应，因此情绪变成了羞怯和恐惧。故选C项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我百般尝试，却还是拍不出想要的效果，沮丧之下，我放弃了。A.Scared害怕的；B.Frustrated沮丧的；C.Ashamed羞愧的；D.Embarrassed尴尬的。根据前文“TryasImight,Icouldn’tgetwhatIwanted.”可知，作者多次尝试仍未拍出满意的照片，内心感到沮丧。故选B项。【27题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了让男孩高兴起来，我开始拍手：“你表现得很棒！”A.calmdown冷静下来；B.cheerup使高兴、振作起来；C.callon号召；D.counton依靠。根据前文“he’dgonecamerashy”和男孩面露羞怯恐惧的状态可知，作者的行为是为了让低落的男孩重新振作、高兴起来。故选B项。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：男孩的脸上立刻绽开了笑容。A.brokeinto突然露出；B.brokeoff中断；C.brokeup分手、解散；D.brokedown出故障、崩溃。根据前文“Istartedclappingmyhands”和“Othersgatheringaroundalsobeganclappingloudly”可知，在作者和旁人的拍手夸赞下，男孩的脸上突然露出笑容。故选A项。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本能地拍下了这个自然的瞬间。A.rare稀有的；B.normal正常的；C.casual随意的；D.natural自然的。根据前文“Theboy’sfaceimmediately_______asmile.”可知，这个笑容并非刻意摆拍，是自然流露的瞬间。故选D项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这张照片拍出来的效果，比我想象中的那张完美照片要好得多。A.insisted坚持；B.adopted采用；C.spotted发现；D.imagined想象。根据前文“Anideaforaperfectcompositionflashedinmymind”可知，作者此前心中构思了一张完美的照片，这张照片是作者想象中的。故选D项。【31题详析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：后来我才意识到，我一直深陷于自己的执念中——为自己拍一张完美的照片。A.exposedto暴露于；B.blessedwith有幸拥有；C.trappedin深陷于、被困在；D.opposedto反对。根据前文作者一心构思完美构图、指导男孩摆姿势，却忽略男孩真实状态的行为可知，作者此前一直深陷在自己的拍摄执念里。故选C项。【32题详析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：后来我才意识到，我一直深陷于自己的执念中——为自己拍一张完美的照片。A.him他；B.others其他人；C.myself我自己；D.them他们。根据前文“Anideaforaperfectcompositionflashedinmymind”可知，作者想要拍的完美照片，是为自己而拍的。故选C项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这个男孩想要的，只是被看见的那一刻，一个值得被定格的真实瞬间。A.seen看见；B.displayed展示；C.acknowledged认可；D.encountered遇见。根据前文““Photo,photo,photo!”Aboy,aboutsevenyearsold,wasfollowingmeclosely.”可知，男孩主动要求作者为自己拍照，结合后文“arealmomenttobecaptured”可知，男孩只是希望自己能被镜头看见，留下真实的瞬间。故选A项。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：摄影不仅仅是拍照，更是一种与他人、与世界联结的方式。A.appealing吸引；B.connecting联结；C.attending参加；D.subscribing订阅。根据后文“Itremindsmeofwhattruly________inlife:genuinehumanconnection.”可知，作者领悟到摄影的意义在于建立真诚的人际联结，是联结人与世界的方式。故选B项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它让我明白，生活中真正重要的东西是什么：那就是真诚的人际联结。A.exists存在；B.bothers困扰；C.differs不同；D.matters重要。根据前文作者从这次拍照经历中领悟到摄影的真谛，以及后文“genuinehumanconnection”可知，作者意识到真诚的人际联结是生活中真正重要的东西。故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtthedigitalexhibitionhallofChina’sculturalcenters’annualconferenceinBeijing,asmallcrowdgatheredaroundanilluminateddesk.TheyqueuedpatientlytopractiseChinesecalligraphyonatouchscreen,____36____inkstrokes(笔画)unfoldedinperfecttimewithateacherstandingameteraway.“It’slikebeingrig