浙江省宁波市九校2024-2025学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省宁波市九校2024-2025学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题第一部分：听力(略)第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)第一节：(共19个小题;每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADoyouknowthemostpopularEuropeanlandmarks?Thereareahostoftouristattractionsthatengageboththemindandtheeye,liketheLouvre.Herearesomerecommendationsyoucan’taffordtomisswhiletouringaroundEurope.BasílicaNotre-DamedeFourviere(富维耶圣母院)SacreCoeurmaybeFrance’sbest-knownchurchonahill,butLyon’sBasílicaNotre-DamedeFourviereisalsoquiteasighttobehold.Enjoyitfromthestreetsoftheoldtown,thentakeacablecarupthehilltogoinside.Onceyou’redonetouringthechurch,youcantakeinpanoramic(全景的)viewsofthisprettycity.SpanishStepsSure,Spainhasmanyprettysteps,butnoneareasfamousasRome’sSpanishStepswhichgettheirnamebecausethey’relocatedintheSpanishPlaza.Oneoftheunmissableattractionsinthecity,they’reevenfeaturedinAudreyHepburn’sclassicfilm,RomanHoliday.PlitviceLakesNationalParkPlitviceLakesNationalParkmakepeoplevisitCroatia’s(克罗地亚的)oftenneglectedinland.Whileyouwon’tbeabletoswimintheinvitingwater,youcanwalkthroughwoodenpathways,paddleorboataroundthelakes,admiringthenaturalbeauty.MeteoraGreeceisknownforitsrockyislandswithwhitewashedhomesoverlookingthedeepblueMediterraneanSea.Butneverneglectingthemainland.GotoMeteora,inwhichtherearesixmonasteries(修道院).You’llneedatleasttwodaystohikefrommonasterytomonasterywhiletakinginthebeautyofthestructuresandthelandscapethatsurroundsthem.20.WhichlandmarkcanbefoundintheclassicfilmRomanHoliday?A.BasílicaNotre-DamedeFourviere. B.SpanishSteps.C.PlitviceLakesNationalPark. D.Meteora.21.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.BasilicaNotre-DamedeFourviereliesinastreetoftheoldtown.B.Rome’sSpanishStepsaresocalledduetoitslocationinSpain.C.YoucanenjoyswimmingwhenvisitingPlitviceLakesNationalPark.D.GreeceisafamousEuropeancountrybytheMediterraneanSea.22.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Atraveljournal. B.Aresearchreport.C.Atouristguidebook. D.Ageographybook.【答案】20.B21.D22.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一些在欧洲旅行时不能错过的景点。【20题详析】细节理解题。根据SpanishSteps部分中“Oneoftheunmissableattractionsinthecity,they’reevenfeaturedinAudreyHepburn’sclassicfilm,RomanHoliday.(作为这座城市不可错过的景点之一，它们甚至出现在奥黛丽·赫本的经典电影《罗马假日》中)”可知，在经典影片《罗马假日》中可以看到西班牙台阶，故选B。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据Meteora部分中“GreeceisknownforitsrockyislandswithwhitewashedhomesoverlookingthedeepblueMediterraneanSea.(希腊以其多岩石的岛屿而闻名，岛上的白色房屋俯瞰着深蓝色的地中海)”可知，希腊是地中海沿岸著名的欧洲国家，故选D。【22题详析】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Herearesomerecommendationsyoucan’taffordtomisswhiletouringaroundEurope.(这里有一些你在欧洲旅行时不能错过的建议)”可知，文章介绍了一些在欧洲旅行时不能错过的景点，最可能出自一篇旅游指南，故选C。BMynannytookcareofmefromthetimeIwasbornuntilIwas15.ShelivedwithmyfamilyinourapartmentinHongKong.Myparentshadgovernmentjobsandworkedlonghours,sotheyneededsomeonetochangemydiapers,pickmeupfromschoolandsteammefish,Chinesestyle.NannyZenywasfromthePhilippines.Shewasthesameageandheight—fivefeet—asmymotherbutherskinwasmoretannedandshehadadistinctmole(痣)onherlowerlip.TheonlytimeshetookoffwasonSundays,whenshewouldputonmakeup,spritzsomeperfume(香水)andheadtochurchwiththeotherFilipinonannieswhowereherfriends.Inthehoursbeforemyparentscamehomefromwork,NannyZenywouldtakethechoppingboardstothediningtableandlistentomecomplainaboutclassmates,friendsandhomework.Assheworkedherwaythroughthechoysumandgailan(vegetablessheknewIliked),shewouldgiveadviceintheformofquotesfromtheBible.Itwashardformetoviewherasanythingbutasecondmother.Fromtimetotime,myrealmothertalkedtoNannyZenyaboutnotcompletingcertainchoresproperly,andmymotherwouldwonderwhyIalwaysdefendedher.EvenafterleavingHongKongin2015toattendhighschoolintheUnitedStates,andeventuallyuniversityinCanada,IstillfoundmyselfthinkingaboutNannyZeny,whoalsoleftHongKongandwentbacktothePhilippines.IknewIwasonhermind,too—shecontinuedsendingmebirthdaywishesonFacebook,askinghowmyparentsweredoingandforwardingmeinspiringBiblicalquotes.InDecember2019,IvisitedherhouseinthePhilippinesandwassurprisedtoseethatherlivingroomwasplasteredwith(贴满)relicsfrommychildhood.MyparentsregularlysentNannyZenyasmallsumofmoney.ForyearsIhadthoughtitwassimplyawaytothankherforallthosehoursshespentcookingandcleaning.ButasIgrewolder,Ibegantounderstandwhymyparentsfeltadeepsenseofgratitudeforherinfluenceonmyemotionalandmoraldevelopment.23.WhatdidNannyZenydofortheauthorduringhisgrowth?A.Sheadvisedmeonmytroubles. B.Shecookedmeherfavoritedishes.C.Shesentmetoschooleveryday. D.Sheinstructedmeinmystudies.24.AfterNannyZenyretired,howdidtheykeepintouchwitheachother?A.TheauthorpaidayearlyvisittoNannyZeny’shouse.B.Theycelebratedtheauthor’sbirthdaytogethereveryyear.C.MyparentsofferedAuntieZenysomemoneyoccasionally.D.NannyZenycommunicatedwiththeauthoronsocialmedia.25.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNannyZeny?A.Fashionableandcareful. B.Caringandpatient.C.Hardworkingandcreative. D.Responsibleandhumorous.26.WhatcanwelearnfromtherelationshipbetweenNannyZenyandtheauthor?A.Loveconquersall. B.Loveme,lovemydog.C.Loveisatwo-waystreet. D.Lovemakestheworldgoround.【答案】23.A24.D25.B26.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与保姆NannyZeny的故事，她照顾作者长大，离开后两人仍保持联系，体现了彼此间深厚的情感。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inthehoursbeforemyparentscamehomefromwork,NannyZenywouldtakethechoppingboardstothediningtableandlistentomecomplainaboutclassmates,friendsandhomework.Assheworkedherwaythroughthechoysumandgailan(vegetablessheknewIliked),shewouldgiveadviceintheformofquotesfromtheBible.(在我父母下班回家前的几个小时里，NannyZeny会把砧板拿到餐桌上，听我抱怨同学、朋友和家庭作业。当她处理我喜欢的菜心和芥蓝时，她会以引用《圣经》的方式给我建议)”可知，NannyZeny会就作者遇到的麻烦给作者建议。故选A项。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中“IknewIwasonhermind,too—shecontinuedsendingmebirthdaywishesonFacebook,askinghowmyparentsweredoingandforwardingmeinspiringBiblicalquotes.(我知道她也惦记着我——她继续在脸书上给我送生日祝福，询问我父母的情况，并转发给我鼓舞人心的《圣经》语录)”可知，NannyZeny退休后，通过社交媒体与作者保持联系。故选D项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inthehoursbeforemyparentscamehomefromwork,NannyZenywouldtakethechoppingboardstothediningtableandlistentomecomplainaboutclassmates,friendsandhomework.Assheworkedherwaythroughthechoysumandgailan(vegetablessheknewIliked),shewouldgiveadviceintheformofquotesfromtheBible.(在我父母下班回家前的几个小时里，NannyZeny会把砧板拿到餐桌上，听我抱怨同学、朋友和家庭作业。当她处理我喜欢的菜心和芥蓝时，她会以引用《圣经》的方式给我建议)”可知，NannyZeny会耐心倾听作者的抱怨并给予建议，说明她很有耐心(patient)且关心他人(caring)。故选B项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“EvenafterleavingHongKongin2015toattendhighschoolintheUnitedStates,andeventuallyuniversityinCanada,IstillfoundmyselfthinkingaboutNannyZeny(即使在2015年离开香港去美国上高中，最终去加拿大上大学，我仍然发现自己会想起NannyZeny)”和“IknewIwasonhermind,too—shecontinuedsendingmebirthdaywishesonFacebook,askinghowmyparentsweredoingandforwardingmeinspiringBiblicalquotes.(我知道她也惦记着我——她继续在脸书上给我送生日祝福，询问我父母的情况，并转发给我鼓舞人心的《圣经》语录)”可知，作者和NannyZeny彼此牵挂，体现了他们之间的爱是相互的。所以“Loveisatwowaystreet.(爱有来有往)”最能描述他们之间的关系。故选C项。CWithitssummitstandingatanincredible29,032feet,MountEverestistheworld’shighestmountainabovesealevel.Nowit’sgettingeventaller,thankstothegrowthcausedbyanearbyriver,accordingtoanewstudy.MountEverestsitsontheborderofNepalandTibetintheHimalayanmountainrange.Thehugelandmarkisalreadyabout800feettallerthantheotherpeaksintheregionandcontinuestogroweveryyearbyabout0.079inches.That’saboutthewidthofaspaghettinoodle,accordingtoTheNewYorkTimes.Itmightnotseemlikemuch,butitaddsupovertime.AteamofscientistssetouttounderstandhowEverestgotsotallinthefirstplaceandwhatcausesitsongoinggrowth.Bymeansofcomputermodeling,theystudiedhowthewaterwaysintheregionhadchangedinthepast.TheyfoundthattheArunRiver,whichrunsalongtheHimalayasinEverest’sshadow,playedanespeciallyimportantroleinEverest’sdevelopment.About89,000yearsago,theteamfound,amassiveriversystemcalledtheKosimerged(合并)withtheArunandformedonelargewaterway.Themassive,powerfulrivergraduallyworeawaybillionsoftonsofrockandsoil,creatingadeepchannel.Overtime,astheerosion(侵蚀)continuedandthematerialthatmakesupthelandwascarriedaway,Earth’scrust(地壳)becamelighterinthatarea.ThelightercrustfloatedmoreeasilyontopofEarth’smantle(地幔),allowingthemantletopushthecrustupwardandcausingEveresttogrow.TheArunRiverhasmadeEverestbetween49and164feettallerthanitwouldotherwisebe,thescientistssaid.AdamSmith,oneofthestudy’sauthors,toldBBCNews,“It’sabitlikethrowingaloadofcargooffaship.Theshipbecomeslighterandsofloatsalittlehigher.Similarly,whenthecrustbecomeslighter,itcanfloatalittlehigher.”AnotherstudyauthorJin-GenDaisaid,“Althoughmountainsmayappeartostandstillfromtheangleofahumanlifetime,theyareinfactconstantlyinmotion.”27.WhatisthedirectcauseoftheongoinggrowthofMountEverestaccordingtothestudy?A.Theformationofalargewaterway. B.Thecreationofadeepchannel.C.Thecontinuouserosionoftheland. D.Theupwardmovementofthecrust.28.Howdidthescientistscarryoutthestudyonthehistoricalchangeofthewaterwaysintheregion?A.Bysettingupadatabase. B.Byreferringtoformerstudies.C.Byusingcomputermodeling. D.Bycooperatingwithexperts.29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.TheoriginalheightofMountEvereststoodatasurprising29,032feet.B.Comparedtoothermountains,MountEverestisaround800feettaller.C.It’sestimatedthatMountEverestwillgrowannuallybyabout0.079feet.D.ThemergeroftheKosiandtheArundatesbacktoaround89,000yearsago.30.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.Danger. B.Progress. C.Existence. D.Operation.【答案】27.D28.C29.D30.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，根据一项新的研究，由于附近一条河流的增长，珠穆朗玛峰现在变得更高了。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThelightercrustfloatedmoreeasilyontopofEarth’smantle(地幔),allowingthemantletopushthecrustupwardandcausingEveresttogrow.(较轻的地壳更容易漂浮在地幔的顶部，使地幔向上推动地壳，从而导致珠穆朗玛峰的增高)”可知，珠穆朗玛峰变高的直接原因是地壳的向上运动，故选D。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Bymeansofcomputermodeling,theystudiedhowthewaterwaysintheregionhadchangedinthepast.(通过计算机建模，他们研究了该地区的水道在过去是如何变化的)”可知，科学家是通过使用电脑建模对该地区水道的历史变化进行研究的，故选C。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“About89,000yearsago,theteamfound,amassiveriversystemcalledtheKosimerged(合并)withtheArunandformedonelargewaterway.(研究小组发现，大约89000年前，一个被称为Kosi的巨大河流系统与Arun合并，形成了一条大水道)”可知，Kosi和Arun的合并可以追溯到大约89000年前，故选D。【30题详析】词句猜测题。划线词前文“Althoughmountainsmayappeartostandstillfromtheangleofahumanlifetime”和主句有让步转折关系，故此处指“虽然从人类一生的角度来看，山脉似乎静止不动，但实际上它们一直在运动”，motion意为“运动”，故选B。DA“bucketlist”isapersonallistofgoalsandactivitiessomeonewantstoaccomplishbeforetheendoftheirlife.Fortunately,I’vebeenabletocheckoffquitealotofmine.ItwasafterthelossofseverallovedonesthatIdecidedtomakemybucketlistsothat,whenIreflectonmylife,I’llsmileandknowthatIgrabbedeverychanceathappinessthatIcould.I’veachievedsomeofthethingsonmybucketlist—hikingthePlankRoadintheSkyonMountHuashaninShaanxiprovince;divingoffthehighestplatformof15metersintotheseaatAriel’sPointinBoracay,thePhilippines;doingtheworld’shighestcommercialbungeejumpat233metersoffMacaoTowerintheMacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegion;octopusfishingintheYellowSeaoffSouthKorea;andmuchmore.Thetopitemonmybucketlist,however,ismuchmoredifficulttoachieve.BeingadoptedfromSouthKoreatotheUnitedStatesin1976,Ihavebeensearchingformybiologicalparentsforthepastseveralyears.Ican’thelpbutworrythattheymaynotstillbeliving.ButhavingthisitematthetopofmylisturgesmetokeeptryingandI’mplanningtovisitSeoulinOctobertocontinuethesearch.WhenI’vetalkedaboutmybucketlisttosomefriends,thefeedbackI’vereceivedfromthemisthatitseems“abitabnormal”.Like,ifyouhavealist,you’rethinkingaboutyourdeathwaytooearly.Asyougetolder,thelistmaychange.Andthat’sOK.Whetheritincludesvisitingcertaincountries,gettinginbetterphysicalshape,buyingaparticularitemorjustspendingmoretimewithlovedones,thereisnowrongwaytodoabucketlist.Yourlistcanincludeshort-termgoals,once-in-a-lifetimeexperiencesorjustpersonalgoals.Itcangiveaboosttoyourmotivationandforceyoutotakebreakswhenyoumightnototherwisethinkofdoingso.Iconsidermybucketlistasawaytokeepmyhopesanddreamsalive;anorthstarbywhichIcansteermylife.31.Whendidtheauthormakeuphermindtoplanherbucketlist?A.Whenshewasclosetodeath.B.Afterherlovedonespassedaway.C.AftershewasadoptedtoAmerica.D.Whenshewasseekingherparents.32.WhichitemonherbucketlisthasNOTbeenachieved?A.GoinghikingonMountHuashan.B.BungeejumpingoffMacaoTower.C.FishingoctopusesintheYellowSea.D.Beingreunitedwithherbirthparents.33.Whatistheattitudeofsomefriendstoherbucketlist?A.Negative. B.Uninterested.C.Understanding. D.Unclear.34.WhichisNOTthebenefitofmakingabucketlistaccordingtotheauthor?A.Guidingthroughone’slife.B.Inspiringhopesanddreams.C.Takingbreaksregularly.D.Increasingone’smotivation.【答案】31.B32.D33.A34.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者制定并实现“遗愿清单”的经历和感受，包括已经完成的一些目标、尚未实现的最重要目标，以及作者对“遗愿清单”的看法和态度。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ItwasafterthelossofseverallovedonesthatIdecidedtomakemybucketlistsothat,whenIreflectonmylife,I’llsmileandknowthatIgrabbedeverychanceathappinessthatIcould.(在失去几位挚爱之人后，我决定制定自己的人生清单，这样当我回顾人生时，就能微笑着知道自己抓住了所有能获得幸福的机会。)”可知，作者是在失去几位挚爱之人后决定制定人生清单的。故选B。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thetopitemonmybucketlist,however,ismuchmoredifficulttoachieve.BeingadoptedfromSouthKoreatotheUnitedStatesin1976,Ihavebeensearchingformybiologicalparentsforthepastseveralyears.Ican’thelpbutworrythattheymaynotstillbeliving.ButhavingthisitematthetopofmylisturgesmetokeeptryingandI’mplanningtovisitSeoulinOctobertocontinuethesearch.(然而，我人生清单上的首要目标却难实现得多。1976年我从韩国被收养到美国，过去几年里我一直在寻找亲生父母。我不禁担心他们可能已不在人世，但这个首要目标促使我不断尝试，我计划10月前往首尔继续寻找。)”可知，作者提到寻找亲生父母是人生清单的首要目标，且计划10月去首尔继续寻找，说明此事尚未完成。故选D。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“WhenI’vetalkedaboutmybucketlisttosomefriends,thefeedbackI’vereceivedfromthemisthatitseems“abitabnormal”.Like,ifyouhavealist,you’rethinkingaboutyourdeathwaytooearly.(当我和一些朋友谈论人生清单时，他们反馈说这似乎有点反常。比如，有人觉得列这样的清单意味着过早思考死亡。)”可知，朋友们认为作者的人生清单有点反常，并觉得列清单意味着过早思考死亡。体现出朋友们对清单持不认同的态度。故选A。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Itcangiveaboosttoyourmotivationandforceyoutotakebreakswhenyoumightnototherwisethinkofdoingso.(它能激发你的动力，迫使你在原本不会想到的时候停下来休息。)”可知，制定人生清单“迫使你在原本不会想到的时候休息”，而非“定期休息”。因此，选项C“Takingbreaksregularly(定期休息)”不属于清单的益处。故选C。ECompaniesareusedtocelebratingaddition.Profits,customersandsharepricesshouldgoupratherthanfall.Largernumbersareameasureofcareersuccess:managersgetpromotedbytakingonmorereports,runninghigherbudgetsandearningbiggersalaries.Companiesarenotalwaysagainstsubtraction(减法).Thoughnotawelcomeone,reducingcostsisanecessarypartofmanagement,whichisoftenundervalued.Thebestbossesarethosewhotakethingsawayaswellasaddthemon.Thatmeansclearingtimeforemployeestogetworkdone.Meetingsarealmostalwayscalledbybosses,butonlysomeofthemareuseful.Shopify,ane-commercecompany,begantheyearbysubtracting12,000meetingsfromtheirschedules,andreportedariseinproductivityasaresult.Subtractionisnotjustaboutremovingday-to-daydistractions(干扰).It’salsoabouttakingdecisionstokilloffprojectsandproductsthataregoingnowhere,andtofocuseffortsonthemostimportantparts.PeterDrucker,amanagementtheorist,wasasupporterof“plannedsubtraction”,sothatresourcesthataretiedupinminoractivitiesarefreedformoreprofitableuse.Bossesshould,headvised,alwaysaskthesamequestionofeverydetailofthecompany:“Ifwedidnotdothis,woulditbeanydifferent?”InTheCaseforGoodJobs,anewbook,ZeynepTonofMITSloanSchoolofManagementarguesthatdoinglesscanoftenmakesense.Costco,afamousAmericansupermarketthatbelievesinthe“smartlossofsales”,haspurposelylimitedproductchoices.Thatmeansitcanfocusitsbuyingpowermoreeffectively,forecastdemandmoreaccuratelyanduseitsemployees’timemoreproductively.“Less”maynotsoundlikeagreatresultforcustomers,butatsomepointchoiceisdeeplytiring.Whenyouhavespentmoretimetryingtodecidewhattowatchonastreamingservicethanittakestogotothecinemaandwatchthesamefilmtwice,fewchoicesseemprettyattractive.35.WhydoestheauthormentionthecompanyShopifyinparagraph2?A.Topresentafact.B.Todrawaconclusion.C.Tosupportanopinion.D.Tomakeacomparison.36.WhichstatementdoesPeterDruckermostlikelyagreewith?A.Companiesshouldquitunpromisingtasks.B.Bossesshouldgiveupprofitsforresources.C.Bossesshouldn’tremoveeverydaydistractions.D.Companiesshouldfocusonsomeunfinishedwork.37.Whichofthefollowingmeasuresisregardedaseffective“doingless”commercially?A.Storesgivecustomersmoretimetoshop.B.Cinemasrunonlyoneparticularfilmaday.C.Streamingwebsitesuploadmorenewmovies.D.Supermarketsofferalimitedvarietyofgoods.38.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Thebestcompaniescelebrateaddition.B.Thebestbossesknowhowtosubtractwork.C.Companiesusenumberstomeasuresuccess.D.Smartbossesgoagainsttheideaofsubtraction.【答案】35.C36.A37.D38.B【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章指出企业管理中减法的重要性，优秀老板应删减会议、淘汰无前景项目，如Shopify和Costco的成功案例所示。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Meetingsarealmostalwayscalledbybosses,butonlysomeofthemareuseful.Shopify,ane-commercecompany,begantheyearbysubtracting12,000meetingsfromtheirschedules,andreportedariseinproductivityasaresult.(会议几乎总是由老板召集，但只有一部分有用。电子商务公司Shopify年初从日程中减去了12,000场会议，结果效率有所提高)”可知，作者先提出“部分会议无意义，减少干扰可提升效率”的观点，再以Shopify的案例说明“减法”的有效性。引用该案例是为了支持前文观点。故选C项。【36题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“PeterDrucker,amanagementtheorist,wasasupporterof‘plannedsubtraction’,sothatresourcesthataretiedupinminoractivitiesarefreedformoreprofitableuse.(管理理论家彼得・德鲁克支持‘有计划的减法’，以便将束缚在次要活动中的资源释放出来，用于更有利润的用途)”及“Bossesshould,headvised,alwaysaskthesamequestionofeverydetailofthecompany:‘Ifwedidnotdothis,woulditbeanydifferent?’(他建议，老板应该总是对公司的每个细节问同一个问题：‘如果我们不做这件事，会有什么不同吗？’)”可知，德鲁克主张放弃无前景的任务，将资源集中在高价值事项上。故选A项。【37题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Costco,afamousAmericansupermarketthatbelievesinthe‘smartlossofsales’,haspurposelylimitedproductchoices.Thatmeansitcanfocusitsbuyingpowermoreeffectively,forecastdemandmoreaccuratelyanduseitsemployees’timemoreproductively.(美国著名超市Costco信奉‘明智的销售损失’，有意限制了产品选择。这意味着它能更有效地集中购买力，更准确地预测需求，并更高效地利用员工时间)”可知，通过减少商品种类提升运营效率是“doingless”的典型案例。故选D项。【38题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段明确提出“Thebestbossesarethosewhotakethingsawayaswellasaddthemon.(最优秀的老板既懂得做加法，也懂得做减法)”，随后通过Shopify、德鲁克理论及Costco的案例，论证“减法管理”对提升效率的重要性。全文围绕“优秀管理者需掌握减法思维”展开，B选项Thebestbossesknowhowtosubtractwork.(最好的老板知道如何减少工作量)与引文中的核心观点直接呼应，可作为最佳标题。故选B项。第二节：(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Socialactivitiesfortheelderlyarenecessarybecausetheyhelpinbringingaboutconsiderableimprovementintheiroverallwell-being.____39____Itmaybedifficultforthemtotakecareofanentiregarden,butanumberofsmallpottedindoorplantsarejustperfectforthem.Danceisalsowhatpeopleofanyagecanenjoy.Aselderlypeoplecannotmovefreely,wheelchairdanceshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.____40____Then,hireoneinstructorwhospecializesinteachingthistypeofdance.____41____Somemayhavetheskillstoplaythepianoforexample.Makethenecessaryarrangementsforthatparticularinstrumentsothatheorshecanplaythatinstrumentintheirleisuretime.Besides,therearesomecreativeactivitiesfortheelderly,forexample,encouragingthemtomakeacollage(拼贴画)usingalltheirfamilyphotographsandmementos.Allofuslovetolookattheoldphotographs.____42____Theycandecoratethecollageswithsmalldecorativeitemslikeleavesandconstructionpaper.Outdoors,fishing,boating,playinggolf,etc.arelovedbytheelderlyastheycanbedonewithminimumphysicalmovements.____43____Suchactivitiesfortheelderlyintheformofentertainmenthaveatherapeutic(治疗的)effectontheirmindandbody,makingiteasierforthemtoenjoytheleisuretime.A.Elderlypeoplearenoexceptiontothat.B.Theycanrecordtheirdanceinavideorecorder.C.Indoors,therearevideogameswithadaptivecontrols.D.Itsbasicaimistoimproveelderlypeople’sflexibility.E.Gardeningisatypicalonethatelderlypeopleenjoyalot.F.Gatheragroupofsuchpeoplewhohaveinterestindance.G.Theelderlycanjoinahobbyclasswheretheywilllearnmusic.【答案】39.E40.F41.G42.A43.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是适合老年人参与的各种活动，以提升他们的幸福感和身心健康。【39题详析】根据下文“Itmaybedifficultforthemtotakecareofanentiregarden,butanumberofsmallpottedindoorplantsarejustperfectforthem.(他们可能很难照顾整个花园，但一些小型盆栽室内植物正适合他们)”可知，照顾整个花园对老人来说可能太过困难，由此推知，上文提到了老人照顾花园的工作，E选项“Gardeningisatypicalonethatelderlypeopleenjoyalot.(园艺是老年人非常喜欢的一种典型活动)”符合文意，gardening呼应下文的garden。故选E项。【40题详析】前文提到“Danceisalsowhatpeopleofanyagecanenjoy.Aselderlypeoplecannotmovefreely,wheelchairdanceshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.(舞蹈也是任何年龄段的人都能享受的活动。由于老年人行动不便，轮椅舞蹈越来越受欢迎)”，下文提到“Then,hireoneinstructorwhospecializesinteachingthistypeofdance.(然后，聘请一位专门教授这种舞蹈的教练)”，中间需要一个过渡句，F选项“Gatheragroupofsuchpeoplewhohaveinterestindance.(召集一群对舞蹈感兴趣的人)”，先召集人，再聘请教练，符合逻辑。故选F项。【41题详析】下文提到“Somemayhavetheskillstoplaythepianoforexample.Makethenecessaryarrangementsforthatparticularinstrumentsothatheorshecanplaythatinstrumentintheirleisuretime.(例如，有些人可能会弹钢琴。为那种乐器做好必要的安排，以便他或她可以在闲暇时间弹奏)”，这表明此处是在讲与音乐相关的活动。G选项“Theelderlycanjoinahobbyclasswheretheywilllearnmusic.(老年人可以参加一个学习音乐的兴趣班)”能够引出下文关于老年人学习音乐的内容。故选G项。【42题详析】根据上文“Allofuslovetolookattheoldphotographs.(我们所有人都喜欢看老照片)”可知，人们都喜欢看老照片，结合下文“Theycandecoratethecollageswithsmalldecorativeitemslikeleavesandconstructionpaper.(他们可以用树叶和手工纸等小装饰品来装饰拼贴画)”进一步说明老年人在制作拼贴画时可以用到老照片，由此可知，此处涉及到老人也喜欢看老照片，A选项“Elderlypeoplearenoexceptiontothat.(老年人也不例外)”能够很好地承接上文，说明老年人也喜欢看老照片。故选A项。【43题详析】上文提到“Outdoors,fishing,boating,playinggolf,etc.arelovedbytheelderlyastheycanbedonewithminimumphysicalmovements.(在户外，钓鱼、划船、打高尔夫球等活动深受老年人喜爱，因为这些活动所需的身体运动量最小)”，这里在讲户外活动，接下来应该讲室内活动，结合下文“Suchactivitiesfortheelderlyintheformofentertainmenthaveatherapeutic(治疗的)effectontheirmindandbody,makingiteasierforthemtoenjoytheleisuretime.(这类以娱乐形式开展的活动对老年人的身心具有治疗作用，使他们更容易享受闲暇时光)”可知，此处总结了上文所涉及到的开展的与老人相关的活动，由此可知，此空仍涉及到与老年人开展的活动相关，C选项“Indoors,therearevideogameswithadaptivecontrols.(在室内，有带自适应控制的电子游戏)”，从户外转到室内活动的介绍，符合语境。故选C项。第三部分：语言运用(共四节，满分45分)第一节：完形填空(共15个小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2011ourhomenearBrisbanewasfloodedwithwaters.Whereweliveissemirural,andalthoughwehad____44____manyfloodsbefore,thistimethewaterwasmuchhigher.Wewatchedasthe____45____watercoveredourpreciousbeehives(蜂房).Ican’texplainthe____46____ofourhopelessness.Therewasnothingwecoulddoforthem.Thehoney-ladenbeehiveswerefartooheavytomove.MyhusbandandIheldeachotherandcriedwhenwe____47____themdisappear.Our29____48____weresafeinthehenhouselocatedonaslightrise—orsowethought.Suddenlyweheard____49____squawking(尖叫).Ourchickenssenseddanger____50____thefloodwatersrosedangerouslyclosetotheirhome.Theirsquawkingwasdeafening.Suddenly,wesawasmallboatwithtwo____51____rowingtowardsusthroughthepouringrain.Maybetheycouldsaveourgirls.Thechickenswereshovedintoboxesandtapedclosed.Then,afewboxesoffrightenedhensatatime,wereputintheboatand____52____tothesafetyofourtractorshed(拖拉机棚).Itwas____53____egglayingtime,andtheshedwaswarmanddry.Wehungnettingacrosstheshedtocontainthehens,andusingtheleft-overboxesasnests,westartedtearingpilesofnewspaperstomakenestingboxescomfortableforthemtolaytheireggs.Twenty-fourhoursandadisturbingnoiseofchickenpoo(拉鸡屎)later,thecomplaintswerecoming____54____fromthehens.Thetractorslackedenoughspaceforcomfortablerestingatnight,andthenestingboxes,wellexcuseme,____55____wherewerethesoftwoodshavings(刨花)theynormallysatontolaytheireggs?____56____,thefloodwaterssubsided(回落)beforetherewasatotalrevolt(起义)!WhiletheywerehappilynestingbackinFowlManor(家禽庄园),ittookusmanydaysto____57____thetractors—itis____58____justhowmuchmess29henscanmake!Wewillbeforevergratefulforthekindnessofthosetwostrangers.44.A.gonethrough B.lookedthrough C.brokenthrough D.seenthrough45.A.clean B.pure C.muddy D.hot46.A.width B.depth C.length D.height47.A.watched B.heard C.had D.felt48.A.ducks B.hens C.cocks D.bees49.A.curious B.excited C.frightened D.annoyed50.A.until B.while C.as D.unless51.A.neighbors B.strangers C.relatives D.fishermen52.A.flown B.swept C.returned D.rowed53.A.closeto B.backto C.equalto D.upto54.A.thickandfast B.backandforth C.farandwide D.highandlow55.A.and B.but C.so D.or56.A.Unluckily B.Particularly C.Unusually D.Thankfully57.A.clean B.repair C.paint D.bury58.A.relaxing B.interesting C.boring D.surprising【答案】44.A45.C46.B47.A48.B49.C50.C51.B52.D53.A54.A55.B