湖北省部分市州2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量监测英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省部分市州2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量监测英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANEWDISCOVERIESLastingmarksofstressForhumans,scientistsoncemadea“cumulativeadversityindex(累积逆境指数)”,whichdescribestheamountofadversityapersonexperiencesasachild.Now,scientistshavemadeasimilaronetostudytheinfluenceofearly-lifestressonmarmots(土拨鼠)livinginColorado,US,reportedLiveScience.Themarmotsindexbringstogetherecological,parentalandsocialchallenges.Theindexwillhelppeopleimprovethesurvivalchancesofendangeredanimalsinthewild.LifesourcedeepdownPeoplehavelongbelievedthatplantsmakemostoftheworld’soxygenusingsunlight.Butnow,scientistshavediscoveredthatoxygencanalsobeproduceddeepintheoceanoutofsunlightorplants,notedScienceAlert.Thisoccursontheseafloorwherespecialrockscalledpolymetallicnodules(多金属结核)arefound.Theserockshelpcreateanelectricalreactionthatcansplit(分解)waterintohydrogenandoxygen.Thediscoverycancontributetoourunderstandingsoftheimpactofdeep-seamining.FeastfortheeyesWhyisiteasytoovereatatabuffet?AstudypublishedinScienceDirect,anonlineacademicdatabase,hasfoundthatfoodwasteatbuffetsmaybecausedbycognitiveoverload.Whentherearealotofdifferentfoods,dinersoftenwanttotryavarietyofdishesoutoffearofmissingout.Peoplemayendupchoosingfoodstheylikeless,whichcontributestofoodwaste.PowerofperceptionAgroundbreakingstudyfeaturedinScienceNewshasrevealedtheprofoundimpactofperceptiononfoodwastebehavior,particularlyinthecontextofhouseholdfooddisposal.Theresearchdugintotherealmofpsychologicalfactors,showingthatattitudes,perceptions,andemotionsarethepivotaldriversbehindtheminimizationoffoodwaste.Thisdiscoverynotonlyenrichesourunderstandingofconsumerbehaviorbutalsopavesthewayformoreeffectivestrategiesintheglobalfightagainstfoodwaste.1.Whatisthesignificanceofthemarmotsindexstudy?A.Trackingmarmotintelligence. B.Evaluationclimateimpactonspecies.C.Increasingsurvivalchances. D.Measuringmonitorpopulationgrowth.2.Whatisasharedinsightfromthelasttwostudies?A.Fearofmissingoutleadstowaste.B.Buffetsandhouseholdswastefoodequally.C.Cognitiveoverloadisexclusivetobuffets.D.Foodwasteisrelatedtopsychologicalfactors.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anacademicarticle. B.Anexampaper.C.Aculturemagazine. D.Acourseplan.BEarlierthisyear,Iwaslookingforpart-timework.Moonmilk,acakeandicecreamshopnearby,washiring,soIwentinforatrialshift(轮班).WhileIoriginallyjustsetouttoearnsomeextramoneyduringthesummer,thebondsandmemoriesImadethereturnedouttobemorevaluablethananypaycheck.Once,amanwhoworksfortheunionofthelocalmovietheatercameintoplaceanorder.Hewantedacaketocelebrateavictoryhe’dhadinstoppingthetheaterfrombeingkickedoutbyitslandlord.Moonmilk’sownerwastouchedbythestoryandrefusedpaymentforthecake.Later,theunionleader—somovedbythegesture—deliveredfreemovieticketstoMoonmilkstaff.Theolderwomencustomersareamongmyfavorites.Theirconcernispoignant;theyoftenwonderifI’mOkayandtellmeIlooktired.Oneregular,alwaysaloneandsmiling,iskindandgenerous,alwaysdeclaringwehavethebesticecreaminthecity.There’salsotheguywhocomesfrequentlytoaskifwehavethechocolateorangeflavor—thatweonlyeverhaveatChristmas.Ialwayshavetosayno,buthispersistencebringsmejoy,especiallyondayswhenI’mtired.Aswithanyjob,thereareunpleasantmoments.Mywristoftenhurtsfromrepeatedlyscoopingouticecream,andit’salwaysannoyingwhenagroupofpeoplecomeinandtakewaytoolongtoorder,holdingupalltheotherswaiting.Worsestill,inthefall,myfull-timejob’sschedulebecomesmoredemandingandIknowI’llhavetoscalebackmyshifts.Iwillrunintomyfavoritecustomerslessoften.ButmyexperienceworkingatMoonmilkhasofferedmuchmorethanjustapaycheck.Ithashelpedmefeelmoreconnectedtomylocalcommunity.TheinteractionsandconnectionsI’vemadewillsustainmeuntilatleastnextsummer.4.WhatinitiallydrewtheauthortoworkatMoonmilk?A.Aloveforcakeandicecream. B.Thechancetoearnextramoney.C.Apersonalconnectiontotheshop. D.Themanager’sengagingpersonality.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“poignant”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Heartwarming.B.Surprising.C.Distracting.D.Embarrassing.6.Whattroubledoestheauthorencounteratwork?A.Bad-tastingicecream.B.Far-offjobdestination.C.Constantphysicalpain.D.Numerouscustomerdemands.7.WhatlastingeffectdoesthejobatMoonmilkhaveontheauthor?A.Renewedpurposeawareness.B.Strengthenedsocialparticipation.C.Advancedfinancialindependence.D.Improvedworkingcompetence.CThinkingthroughproblemscanbechallenging,buttherearewaystobecomefairerandmoreobjective.Onesuchmethodisilleism(第三人称叙述法),anancientstrategywhereonespeaksaboutoneselfinthethirdpersonratherthanthefirst.Forexample,JuliusCaesaruseditinhiswritings,“Caesardefendedthepublic”insteadof“Idefendedthepublic.”Thissubtleswitchgivesthestatementanairoffairness.Thoughitmayseemstrangetoday,psychologicalresearchsuggestsitbringscognitivebenefitsbyhelpingtoseparateemotionsfromdecision-making.Tounderstandhowilleismaidsdecision-making,wemustexplorehowscientists,likeIgorGrossmann,measurewisdom.Grossmannidentifiedkeycomponentsofwisereasoning,suchasmodestyandconsideringotherviewpoints.Hisresearchdemonstratedthatwisereasoningcanpredictlifesatisfactionandsocialrelationshipquality.However,Grossmannalsofoundthatpeoplearebetteratmakingwisedecisionsforothersthanforthemselves—aphenomenonhecalledSolomon’sParadox,aftertheBiblicalkingwhowaswiseinadvisingothersbutstruggledwithhisowndecisions.CouldilleismhelpsolveSolomon’sParadox?Grossmann’sstudiessuggestitcan.Bytalkingaboutourproblemsinthethirdperson,wegaindistance,helpingustoseethebiggerpicture.Thishelpstocalmdownemotionsthatmightconfuseourthinking.InastudywithEthanKross,peopleusingilleismshowedmorehumilityandmadebetterdecisions,suggestingthatthepracticehelpspeoplethinkmorewisely.Grossmann’slatestresearchshowsthatregularuseofilleismcanhavelastingbenefits.Participantswhowroteinthethirdpersondailysawimprovementsinwisereasoningandemotionalregulation.Thissuggeststhatilleismhelpsusmanagestressandapproachchallengesmorethoughtfully,whichInowapplytoallareasofmylife.8.WhydidJuliusCaesaruseilleisminhiswritings?A.Tooverstatehisachievements.B.Tosimplifythelanguageforhisaudience.C.Toappearmorepersonalandapproachable.D.Tomakehisstatementssoundmorefactual.9.WhatisSolomon’sParadoxdescribedinthearticle?A.Theabilitytomakedecisionswithoutemotion.B.Theskillofreasoningwiselyinpersonalmatters.C.Thetendencytogivebetteradvicetoothersthantooneself.D.Thestrategyofusingthird-personperspectiveindecision-making.10.WhatdoestheresearchbyGrossmannrevealontheregularuseofilleism?A.Itworsensemotionalresponses.B.Itisunrelatedtolifesatisfaction.C.Itisonlybeneficialforpublicspeaking.D.Ithelpsmanagestressandmakedecisions.11.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthearticle?A.Theuseofilleismbyhistoricalfigures.B.Apsychologicalstrategytoimprovedecision-making.C.Theinfluenceoflanguageonemotionalexpression.D.Acomparisonbetweenfirst-personandthird-personspeech.DGermanyisattheforefrontofagreenenergyrevolutionwiththeriseofbalconysolarpanels.Theselightweight,plug-and-playpanelsarenotonlyaffordablebutalsoeasytoinstall,allowingeverydaycitizenstogeneratetheirownelectricity.InGermany,individualpanelscanbeboughtforaslowas200euros,andcompletesetsareabouttwicethatcost.Newlawspreventlandlordsfromblockingsolarpanelinstallations(安装)andsimplifyregistrationrequirements,makingpersonalsolarsystemsmoreattractive.Thereisagrowingdiversityofusers,includingolderpeopleandadultwomen,andmanyareyoungfamiliesconcernedaboutclimatechange.MostofthesolarpanelsareproducedinChina,whichhasdominatedtheglobalindustryandreducedcosts.WaltraudBorg,aBerlinrétiree,wasdelightedtoinstallseveralonherbalconyafterdiscoveringthematasustainabilitytradefair.“It’sthrillingtobemoreindependent,”shesaid.Eachpanelproducesenoughpowerforalaptoporasmallfridge,andover500,000systemshavebeensetupacrossGermany.Theboominsolarpaneluseispartlyduetonewlawsthathaveeasedinstallationregulations.AspartofitspushtomoveawayfromdependenceonRussiannaturalgas,theEuropeanUnionislookingtoquadruple(变成四倍)theamountofpowergeneratedthroughphotovoltaic(光伏)sourcesby2030,to600gigawatts(吉瓦).Germanyaimstoreachathirdofthatamountbythesameyear.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,Germanyadded90gigawattsofphotovoltaiccapacity,accordingtoRystadEnergy.Theso-calledplug-insystemsconvertthedirectcurrentfromthepanelstoalternatingcurrentforhomeuse.JanikNolden,founderofSolago,aGermanstart-up,notedthatmostcustomersprefertoinstallthepanelsthemselves.Hiscompanyhasgrownrapidly,shippingproductsacrossGermanyandintoAustria.Plug-insolarpanelsarealsogainingpopularityinotherEuropeancountries,withpricésdroppingsteadily.Small-scalebatterieshavebeenintroduced,allowinguserstostoreelectricityforlateruse.Appsletusersmonitortheirenergyproduction,whichhasbecomeapopularpastime,sparkingfriendlycompetitionamongneighbors.ThomasLosch,initiallyskeptical,becamefascinatedwithsolarpowerafterseeinganeighbor’ssetup.Henowcheckshisappeverymorningtoseehowmuchenergyisbeinggenerated.“Iamcompletelyhooked,”hesaid.“It’sagoodfeelingtodomybitfortheenvironment.”12.Whatadvantagesdobalconysolarpanelshavebasedonthepassage?A.Theyareprimarilyintendedforusebytheyoung.B.Theyhavefullyreplacedtraditionalpowersystems.C.Theyarecost-effectiveandappliedineveryaspectoflife.D.Theycancutemissions,saveonbills,andgainpolicysupport.13.WhatwillbeGermany’sachievementinphotovoltaiccapacityby2030?A.90gigawatts. B.150gigawatts. C.200gigawatts. D.600gigawatts.14.Howdosmall-scalebatteriesboosttheuseofbalconysolarpanels?A.Enableenergystorageforfutureuse.B.Perfectcompetitionatmosphere.C.Monitorbatteries’chargingprocess.D.Decreasesolarpanelefficiency.15.Whichofthefollowingtitlesisthemostsuitableforthepassage?A.EU's2030SolarPowerGoalsB.Small-scalebatteriesDominateMarketC.BalconySolarPanels:AGermanRevolutionD.SolarEnergy:EconomicandEnvironmentalImpact第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PeopleareconfidentintheiropinionsevenwhentheyknowlittleInadebate,ifyoustronglyfeelyou’reright,youmayactuallybewrong,astudyshows.Youmaybeexperiencingwhatscientistscallan“illusion(错觉)ofinformationadequacy”.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,wasconductedbyateamofscientistsfromtheUS.____16____Theteamconductedanonlineexperimentinvolving1,261participantsfromtheUS.Theparticipantsweredividedintothreegroups,eachreadinganarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedwater.Thearticleforthefirstgrouppresentedonlyreasonswhytheschoolshouldbeintegratedwithanotherthathadsufficientmerger.____17____Bothsaidtheywerejustaswell-informedasanyoneelse,andthatmostotherpeoplewouldmakethesamechoiceastheydid.Inthethirdgroup,55percentsupportedthemergerwhile45percentwereagainstit.“____18____”AngusFletcher,oneofthescientists,explainedtoPopularScience,“Thismakesustendtothinkthatwehaveallthecrucialfactsaboutadecision,leapingtoconfidentconclusionsanddecisivejudgments.____19____”Interestingly,afterbeingpresentedwithallthefacts,manyparticipantsinthefirsttwogroupschangedtheirminds.____20____Thisshowedthat,whengivenmorecomprehensiveinformation,peoplemaybewillingtochangetheiropinions.However,asnotedbyPopularScience,changingdeeplyrootedviewsonmorecomplextopicscanbemuchmorechallenging.A.Buttheseconddisagreed.B.Infact,wearemissingnecessaryinformation.C.Nevertheless,thethirdgroupchangedtheirmindstoo.D.Thisresultsinamixofopinionssimilartothoseofthethirdgroup.E.Thelessourbrainknows,themoreconfidentlyitknowsallitneedstoknow.F.Scientiststhink“illusionofinformationadequacy”makesforourmutualcooperation.G.Theybelievethis“illusion”maycontributetomisunderstandingsandconflictsinourlives.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Afewyearsago,weboughtamodelLegosetformydad’sbirthday,hopingtocombinehisloveforarchitecturewithfamilytime.Eachevening,mydadandI____21____thelargediningtabletoplanourlineofattack.Wefacedthousandsof____22____whitepieces,eachpackagedwithprecisioninnumberedplasticbags,____23____byathickinstructionbooklet.Wewereamazedbyhow____24____themodelwas.Wealsorealizedthebookletitselfwasaworkofart,beautiful,butalsosurprisingly____25____andclear.Itprovideduswiththecomfortof____26____.Weknewifwefollowedallthe____27____,wewouldendupwithamodehatlooked____28____likethepictureonthebox.Ifwemadeamistake,allwehadtodowas____29____oursteps,flipbackthepagesandstartagain.Life,however,doesnot_____30_____togethersoneatlyand_____31_____providesuswithsuchclearinstructions.Wetalkedoverourrespectivelives,decisionsmade,andactionsandchoicesnever_____32_____.Wethinkwehavetheabilityof_____33_____ourlife,butourchoicesareshapedby_____34_____beyondourcontrol.Inthefaceofuncertainty,wehaveto_____35_____,trustingbothintheprocessandtheendresult.21.A.gatheredaround B.sidedwith C.livedoff D.straightenedup22.A.vast B.tiny C.relevant D.original23.A.favored B.accompanied C.transformed D.covered24.A.impractical B.unique C.complex D.dull25.A.ordinary B.abstract C.meaningless D.detailed26.A.certainty B.relaxation C.insecurity D.competition27.A.assessments B.circumstances C.instructions D.inferences28.A.initially B.ultimately C.exactly D.partly29.A.recycle B.retrace C.reveal D.recall30.A.fit B.occupy C.shift D.involve31.A.fundamentally B.merely C.slightly D.rarely32.A.motivated B.declined C.opposed D.taken33.A.controlling B.designing C.analyzing D.founding34.A.rays B.forces C.shadows D.instances35.A.proceed B.succeed C.predict D.interrupt第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式。TheOlympicringsontheEiffelTowerbecameabigfeatureoftheParisOlympics,attracting____36____(crowd)ofvisitorsbetweenJuly26andAug11,____37____cametotakephotoswiththeeye-catchingdisplayinthebackground.Tokeepthefestivespiritalive,MayorAnneHidalgoannouncedplanstoleavetheOlympicringsontheEiffelTower____38____(permanent)inearlySeptember.However,the30-tonringsprovedtooheavytostayonthetower.Hidalgosuggestedcreatingalighterversioninstead,buttheproposalcausedmanyheated____39____(argue).“Theywereabitlarge,soit’sbetter____40____(put)smallonesthatcanremainforafewyears,”saidGabriel,aFrenchvolunteerattheGames,____41____(stand)atthebaseofthetoweronFriday.Itwouldbesymbolicand____42____greatsouvenir.”TheAssociationofDescendantsofGustaveEiffel(埃菲尔后裔协会),thedesignergroupofthetower,____43____(disapprove)oftheplan.ItstatedthattheEiffelTowershouldnothave“thesymbolofanoutsideorganizationadded____44____itinalong-lastingway.”_____45_____(face)withdifferentideas,Hidalgolatersuggestedthatthenew,lighterOlympicringscouldremainuntilthenextSummerGamesinLosAngelesin2028.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，上周一你校组织高二学生到社会实践活动基地进行采摘大白菜活动。请你给新西兰朋友Peter写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：（1）活动经过；（2）你的收获。注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右；（2）请按如下格式作答。DearPeter,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。At19,IbecameanattendantattheStanleyParkChildren’sZoo.Thechildren’szoowasaheadofitstime.Holeswereusedinsteadofcages,andzooattendantsworkedhardtomakeeachhabitatdifferentandexcitingfortheanimalsthatlivedthere.Theharborsealpups(幼崽)inourcarewerekeptinthebackbuilding,awayfromvisitors.Twiceaday,we’dtakethemtotheman-madepondintheconta