湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2025-2026学年高一上学期1月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2025-2026学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHerearefoursamplesoflessonplanswehaveonthePremiumsite.Theseshownotonlythedifferentlevelsavailablebutalsothevarietyoftypesoflessonswehave.AllsamplesareinPDFformatandopeninanewwindow.SampleOne—TheShrinkingLakeTargetLanguage:Discussingtheenvironment.Description:AreadinglessonbasedaroundenvironmentalproblemshasanarticleaboutLakeChadasitsfocuspoint.Thelessonfinisheswithaspeakinggameaboutdifferentproblemsintheenvironment.SampleTwo—AtTheDepartmentStoreTargetLanguage:Learningaboutfutureplans.Description:Afteravocabularyexercise,thelisteninglessonconsistsofacustomerinadepartmentstorespeakingtoastoreassistantandaskingwheredifferentitemscanbefound.Memorygametofinishwith.SampleThree—BlackSwanHotelTargetLanguage:Sentencesaboutgivinginstructionsandadvice.Description:TheBlackSwanHotelinEnglandhasafewproblemstoday.Studentshavetoidentifytheverbformbeingusedtogiveinstructionstothehotelhandyman.Thelessonfinisheswithagameinwhichthesentencemodeisused.SampleFour—AViewOfTheSea!TargetLanguage:Writingaletterofcomplaint.Description:Studentsreliveanightmarevacationataterriblehotelandthenworkinpairstoplantheperfectletterofcomplainttothetravelcompany.Focusonrelevancy/tone/styleinaformalletter.1.Whatisthetextintendedtodo?A.Introducefourdifferenttopics.B.PublicizetheuseofPDFformat.C.Providelanguagecoursedesigns.D.Offeroptionsonlanguagelearning.2.Whatdoesthesample“AtTheDepartmentStore”focuson?A.Listening. B.Speaking.C.Reading. D.Writing.3.Whichlessonplanismainlyaboutgrammarlearning?A.SampleOne. B.SampleTwo.C.SampleThree. D.SampleFour.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述的是提供的四种英语课程样本，涵盖不同级别和类型，旨在为学习者提供多样化的语言学习选择，包括听力、语法及写作等方面。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“HerearefoursamplesoflessonplanswehaveonthePremiumsite.Theseshownotonlythedifferentlevelsavailablebutalsothevarietyoftypesoflessonswehave.(这里是我们高级站点上的四个课程计划样本。这些样本不仅展示了我们提供的不同级别，还展示了我们课程类型的多样性。)”可知，本文展示了来自高级站点的四个不同的英语作为第二语言（ESL）课程计划样本，由此可知，文本的主要目的是为潜在的学习者或教师提供多种语言学习的选择。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据SampleTwo—AtTheDepartmentStore部分中的“Afteravocabularyexercise,thelisteninglessonconsistsofacustomerinadepartmentstorespeakingtoastoreassistantandaskingwheredifferentitemscanbefound.(在进行词汇练习之后，听力课程包括一位顾客在百货商店与店员对话，询问不同物品的位置。)”可知，这是一个听力课，内容涉及顾客与店员之间的对话。故选A项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据SampleThree—BlackSwanHotel部分中的“Studentshavetoidentifytheverbformbeingusedtogiveinstructionstothehotelhandyman.Thelessonfinisheswithagameinwhichthesentencemodeisused.(学生需要识别用于给酒店勤杂工指示的动词形式。课程以一个使用句子模式的游戏结束。)”可知，SampleThree课程计划主要关于语法学习，因为识别动词形式属于语法范畴。故选C项。BFewpeoplerealizethatittakesanumberofvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.IvolunteeratValleyTherapeuticEquestrianAssociation(VTEA)inAlderwoods,closetotheWashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanumberofvolunteers—approximatelyeightytotakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofblackstickymudduringthewintermonths.Usually,twovolunteersgroom(刷洗梳毛)thehorseandputonthespecialsaddle(马鞍).Thentheyleadthehorsetowherethelessontakesplace.There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.Yetsomanypeoplewillinglygivetheirtime-becausethechildrenneedus.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechildrenhavevaryingdegreesofmentaldisabilities.Somehaveseverephysicaldisabilities.Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.Throughoutmypastlifeasanaccountant,businessauthorandspeaker,Ivolunteeredonmanylevelsandinmanyorganizations.However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit,causingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoacceptanew“me”andmyoften-frustratinglimitations,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.I’dlovedhorsesfromchildhoodandworkingwiththem.Thechildrenhavehelpedturnmylifearound,makingmewarmfromtheinsideout.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferent,moresimplifiedperson.4.Whatcanweknowaboutthehorse-ridinglesson?A.Horsesforridinglessonsarecaredforcarefully.B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringcommonkidsmanybenefits.C.Volunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridinglesson.D.Disabledchildrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoluntaryworkinVTEA?A.Riskyandthrilling. B.Tiringbutworthwhile.C.Funnyandenjoyable. D.Demandingbutfruitless.6.Whatistruetotheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Theaccidentlessimpactedherlife.B.Shebenefitedalotfromthevoluntarywork.C.She’sneverrecoveredfromtheinjury.D.Shewasn’tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Horse-riding:ToughestLessons. B.HelpingChildreninNeed?C.SurvivingtheBrainInjury. D.Volunteering:AJourneyBack.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在谷治疗马术协会（VTEA）担任志愿者的经历，介绍马术课的志愿服务内容，以及这份志愿工作如何帮助遭遇车祸脑损伤的作者重建生活。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fewpeoplerealizethatittakesanumberofvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.(很少有人意识到，一个小孩上半小时的马术课需要许多志愿者的参与)”和“Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanumberofvolunteers—approximatelyeightytotakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.(每周需要几名正式员工和一众志愿者——约80人——照料十数匹马，同时为80多名孩子提供马术课程的协助。大家要打扫偌大的马厩，刷洗并添满草网和水桶，还得为每匹马量身准备特制饲料，每日两次……诸如此类的工作数不胜数)”以及第二段整段对马术课前后志愿者工作的详细描述可知，为了一节马术课，志愿者有大量的工作要做。故选C项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段对志愿者繁杂工作的描述，以及最后一段中的“Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.(这段重拾自我的旅程很痛苦，但很值得)”可知，作者认为在VTEA的志愿工作虽然辛苦但很值得。故选B项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit,causingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoacceptanew“me”andmyoften-frustratinglimitations,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.I’dlovedhorsesfromchildhoodandworkingwiththem.Thechildrenhavehelpedturnmylifearound,makingmewarmfromtheinsideout.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferent,moresimplifiedperson.(然而，一场可怕的车祸突如其来，我的车被撞，导致了严重的脑损伤，我的人生也在一瞬间彻底改变。我难以接受全新的自己，也无法面对那些常常令人沮丧的身体局限，直到我意识到，我需要去做一件自己真正热爱的事。我从小就喜爱马，也喜欢和马相处。是这些孩子帮我扭转了人生的轨迹，让我从心底里感到温暖。这段重拾自我的旅程很痛苦，但很值得。如今十四年过去，我已然脱胎换骨，活成了更纯粹、更简单的自己)”可知，志愿工作帮助作者走出了车祸的阴影，重建了生活，作者从中获益良多。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段中“Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferent,moresimplifiedperson.(这段重拾自我的旅程很痛苦，但很值得。如今十四年过去，我已然脱胎换骨，活成了更纯粹、更简单的自己)”可知，文章核心围绕作者在VTEA的志愿工作展开，重点讲述了遭遇车祸脑损伤后，这份志愿工作如何帮助作者重建生活、完成自我救赎的“回归之旅”。D项“志愿服务：一场回归之旅”既点明了核心事件“志愿服务”，又体现了作者通过志愿工作重建生活的核心主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选D项。CInanefforttocontrolthenation’sgrowingproblemwithfoodwastage,SouthKoreahasstartedauniqueinitiative—“PayasYouTrash”.Residentsarerequiredtoseparatetheirfoodwastefromtherestoftheirrubbishandthrowitseparatelyinacentralizeddustbin.Andinordertoaccessthebin,theyactuallyneedtopaybythekilo!Asofnow,SouthKoreahasthreemethodsinplacetochargecitizensforthefoodthrownaway.OneisthroughanRFID(RadioFrequencyIdentification)card—whenuserstapthiscardoveraspeciallydesignedfoodwastebin,thecapwillopen.Thiswasteisautomaticallyweighedandrecordedintheuser’saccount.Theuserneedstosettlethisbillonamonthlybasis.Thesecondbillingmethodisthroughpre-paidgarbagebags.Thesespeciallydesignedbagsarepricedbasedonvolume.Forinstance,inSeoul,a10-litergarbagebagcostsaround$1.There’salsoabarcodemanagementsysteminplace,inwhichcitizensthrowfoodwastedirectlyintocompostbinsandpayforitbypurchasingbarcodestickersattachedtothebin.Nearlyeveryresidentialcomplexinthenationisequippedwithoneofthesethreepaymentsystems.Evenbeforethepay-by-weightsystemwasintroduced,SouthKoreanswerestillbeingchargedforfoodwaste—thecostwassimplydividedequallyamongtheresidentsofeachapartmentblock.Thenewsystemisnotonlyfair,butisalsodesignedtomakeconsumersreallyfeelthepinchofunreasonablewaste.Themorefoodtheythrowout,themoretheyenduppaying.CitizenslikeSeoulhousewifeMs.Kwanarenowadoptinginnovativemethodstoavoidfoodwaste.Shemakessuretoremovealltheliquidoutofleftoverfoodbeforethrowingitaway.Whilepreparingvegetables,shetriestomakeuseofasmuchastheeatablepartsaspossibletominimizewaste.8.Whatisthecentralizeddustbindesignedtodo?A.Keepfoodrubbish. B.Breakdownfoodrubbish.C.Processhouseholdrubbish. D.Classifyhouseholdrubbish.9.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthethreepaymentmethods?A.Theirdevelopmentprocedure. B.Theirconstructioncost.C.Theirinnovativeappearance. D.Theiroperatingprinciple.10.Howwerethecitizenschargedbeforethenewsystemwasputforward?A.Theypaidafixedfee. B.Theysharedthecostequally.C.Theypaidbyweight. D.Theyenjoyedfreeaccess.11.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“feelthepinch”Paragraph3?A.Predicttheprospect. B.Analysethecomponent.C.Suffertheconsequences. D.Proposethesolution.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。为了控制韩国日益严重的食物浪费问题，韩国推出了一项独特的举措——“为垃圾买单”。居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱。为了进入垃圾桶，他们实际上需要按公斤付钱！【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Residentsarerequiredtoseparatetheirfoodwastefromtherestoftheirrubbishandthrowitseparatelyinacentralizeddustbin.(居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱)”可知，集中垃圾箱的设计目的是保存食品垃圾。故选A。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Asofnow,SouthKoreahasthreemethodsinplacetochargecitizensforthefoodthrownaway.OneisthroughanRFID(RadioFrequencyIdentification)card—whenuserstapthiscardoveraspeciallydesignedfoodwastebin,thecapwillopen.Thiswasteisautomaticallyweighedandrecordedintheuser’saccount.Theuserneedstosettlethisbillonamonthlybasis.Thesecondbillingmethodisthroughpre-paidgarbagebags.Thesespeciallydesignedbagsarepricedbasedonvolume.Forinstance,inSeoul,a10-litergarbagebagcostsaround$1.There’salsoabarcodemanagementsysteminplace,inwhichcitizensthrowfoodwastedirectlyintocompostbinsandpayforitbypurchasingbarcodestickersattachedtothebin.(到目前为止，韩国有三种方法向市民收取丢弃食物的费用。一种是通过RFID（无线射频识别）卡——当用户在一个特别设计的食物垃圾桶上轻按这张卡时，盖子就会打开。这些废物会自动称重并记录在用户的帐户中。用户需要按月结算这笔账单。第二种计费方式是通过预付费垃圾袋。这些特别设计的袋子根据体积定价。例如，在首尔，一个10升的垃圾袋的价格约为1美元。还有一个条形码管理系统，市民直接将食物垃圾扔进堆肥箱，并通过购买贴在垃圾桶上的条形码贴纸来支付费用)”可知，关于这三种支付方式，第二段主要告诉我们其操作原理。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Evenbeforethepay-by-weightsystemwasintroduced,SouthKoreanswerestillbeingchargedforfoodwaste—thecostwassimplydividedequallyamongtheresidentsofeachapartmentblock.(甚至在实行按重量计费制度之前，韩国人仍在为食物浪费收费——费用只是在每个公寓的居民中平均分配)”可知，在新制度提出之前，市民平均分担费用。故选B。【11题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thenewsystemisnotonlyfair,butisalsodesignedtomakeconsumersreally(新系统不仅是公平的，而且是设计来真正使消费者……)”以及后文“Themorefoodtheythrowout,themoretheyenduppaying.(他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多)”可知，新制度不仅公平，而且旨在让消费者真正承担不合理浪费的后果。因为他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多。故画线词意思是“承担后果”。故选C。DZoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbraincomputationandpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.Specifically,theyanalysedhowinsectslearntoassociatesensoryinformationintheirenvironmentwithafoodreward,andhowtheycanrecallthisinformationlaterinordertosolvecomplextaskssuchasthesearchforfood.Livingorganismsshowremarkableabilitiesincopingwithproblemsposedbycomplexanddynamicenvironments.Theyareabletogeneralizetheirexperiencesinordertorapidlyadapttheirbehaviourwhentheenvironmentchanges.Thezoologistsinvestigatedhowthenervoussystemofthefruitflycontrolsitsbehaviourwhensearchingforfood.Usingacomputermodel,theysimulated(模拟)andanalysedthecomputationsinthefruitfly’snervoussysteminresponsetoscentscomingfromthefoodsource.Theyinitiallytrainedtheirmodeloftheflybraininexactlythesamewayasinsectsaretrainedinexperiments.Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulationtogetherwitharewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.“Themodelrapidlylearnsastrongrepresentationoftherewardedscentafterjustafewscentpresentationsandisthenabletofindthesourceofthisscentinacomplexenvironment,”saidcomputerscientistDrHannesRapp,whocreatedthemodel.Themodelcreatedisthuscapableofgeneralizingfromitsmemoryandtoapplywhatithaslearnedpreviouslyinacompletelynewandcomplexenvironment,whilelearningrequiredonlyaverysmalldatabaseoftrainingsamples.Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingcomplextasks.12.Whatistheaimoftheresearch?A.Toanalysetheapplicationofbiologicalbraincomputationprinciples.B.Toseekpromotionofmachinelearningandartificialintelligence.C.Toshedlightonhowthenervoussystemsofinsectswork.D.Touncoverhowinsectsapplysensoryinformationinsearchoffood.13.WhichstatementabouttheresearchmethodisNOTTRUE?A.Theresearcherscollectedthedatabyusingacomputermodel.B.Theresearchersfocusedonhowthefruitfly’snervoussystemreactstoscents.C.Theresearcherstrainedthemodelinthesamewayastrainingfruitflies.D.Theresearcherspresentedtwodifferentscentstocarryoutacontrolexperiment.14.Whatdotheresultsoftheresearchimply?A.Insects’nervoussystemsaremoresensitivetoparticularscents.B.Artificialintelligenceissignificanttobiologicalbrainresearch.C.Sensoryinformationiswidelyappliedinmachinelearning.D.ResearchoninsectbraincancontributetoAIdevelopment.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Topresentpredictionsaboutthefutureofmachinelearning.B.Toillustratethemethodandfindingsofascientificstudy.C.Tocallonmoreresearchoninsectbrainandbehavior.D.Tointroduceapracticalmethodofinsectresearch.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。昆虫的神经系统能获取并将感官性信息转换为记忆，控制其行为来完成如觅食这样的复杂任务，动物学家通过研究这一过程，寻求其对未来机器学习和人工智能的启发。【12题详析】细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Zoologistsstudiedthenervoussystemsofinsectstoinvestigateprinciplesofbiologicalbraincomputationandpossibleeffectsonmachinelearningandartificialintelligence(动物学家研究了昆虫的神经系统，以研究生物大脑计算的原理以及对机器学习和人工智能的可能影响)”最后一段“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingcomplextasks.(研究结果表明，将感觉信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激励未来的机器学习和人工智能应用于解决复杂任务。)可知，动物学家研究昆虫神经系统的目的是研究生物大脑计算的原理和对机器学习及人工智能的可能影响。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Theypresentedaspecificscentinthesimulationtogetherwitharewardandasecondscentwithoutareward.(他们在模拟中呈现了一种特定的气味以及奖励，而第二种气味则没有奖励。)”可知，研究过程中确实使用了两种气味，但研究方法并非对照实验，而只是测试该模型对于有奖励的气味的反应。因此，关于研究方法的说法是不正确的是D项“研究人员提出了两种不同的气味来进行对照实验”。故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingcomplextasks.(研究结果表明，将感觉信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激励未来的机器学习和人工智能应用于解决复杂任务。)”可知，研究的结果表明，大脑中感官性信息转换为记忆能够启示未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的运用，因此，对昆虫大脑的研究能促进人工智能的发展，故选D。【15题详析】推理判断题。本文全文皆在介绍一项研究，从研究目的到研究方法，再到研究结果，文章第三段讲到“Usingacomputermodel,theysimulated(模拟)andanalysedthecomputationsinthefruitfly’snervoussysteminresponsetoscentscomingfromthefoodsource.(他们使用计算机模型模拟和分析了果蝇神经系统对食物来源气味的反应。)”以及最后一段“Theresultssuggestthatthetransformationofsensoryinformationintomemoriesinthebraincaninspirefuturemachinelearningandartificialintelligenceapplicationstosolvingcomplextasks.(研究结果表明，将感觉信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激励未来的机器学习和人工智能应用于解决复杂任务。)”可知，这篇文章的主要目的是说明科学研究的方法和发现。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Spendingtimeinnaturesimplymeansbeingoutsideinnaturalsurroundingslikeparks,forests,gardens,orevenyourbackyard.Natureincludeseverythingfromtrees,plants,rivers,andlakestobeaches,mountains,andwildlife.____16____Here’shownaturehassuchapowerfuleffect.Stressisacommonpartoflife,butspendingtimeinnaturecanhelprelieveit.____17____Youmightnoticethesoundofbirdssinging,thefeelofabreezeonyourskin,orthesightofgreentreesandblueskies.Thesenaturalelementshelpyourmindfocusonsomethingpeaceful,allowingthetensionandworriesofeverydaylifetofadeaway.____18____Yourbodyreleasesahormonecalledcortisolwhenyou’restressed,butwhenyouareinnature,youcanreducethelevelofcortisol.Byreducingcortisol,naturehelpsyoufeelmorerelaxedandbalanced.Haveyouevernoticedwhybeingoutsideinthesunshineorwalkingthroughaparkcaninstantlymakeyoufeelbetter?____19____Whenyouspendtimeoutside,yourbodyreleaseschemicalslikeserotoninandendorphins—thesearethe“feel-good”chemicalsthathelpboostyourmoodandmakeyoufeelhappier.Naturealsogivesyouabreakfromthenoiseanddistractionsofeverydaylifetobemorepositiveandenergized.Whenyoustepawayfrombusyenvironmentsandimmerseyourselfinnature,youhavetimetoclearyourmindandfocusonthebeautyaroundyou.____20____Sowhynottakeabreakandstepoutsidetoenjoynature?A.Additionally,beinginnaturecanloweryourstress.B.Thiscanleaveyoufeelingmorerefreshedandpositive.C.Whenyouspendtimeinnature,yourmindistotallyfree.D.That’sbecausenaturehasawayofimprovingyourmood.E.Whenyouareinnature,yoursensesareengagedinacalmingway.F.Youcanexperiencenaturebywalking,sitting,orjustbeingoutdoors.G.Beinginnaturehasacalmingandrefreshingeffectonyourmindandbody.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了亲近大自然的好处。大自然能调动感官、降低压力荷尔蒙，还能分泌快乐激素，从而缓解压力、改善情绪，让我们身心放松、充满活力。【16题详析】根据上文“Spendingtimeinnaturesimplymeansbeingoutsideinnaturalsurroundingslikeparks,forests,gardens,orevenyourbackyard.Natureincludeseverythingfromtrees,plants,rivers,andlakestobeaches,mountains,andwildlife.(在大自然中度过时光，就是指身处自然环境之中，比如公园、森林、花园，甚至是自家的后院。大自然涵盖的内容十分广泛，从树木、植物、河流、湖泊到海滩、山脉以及野生动物等等)”可知，第一段是文章的总起段。前两句定义了什么是“大自然”，后一句提到“Here’shownaturehassuchapowerfuleffect.(这就是大自然能产生如此强大影响的原因所在)”。因此，空处需要一句承上启下的话，概括大自然对人的好处。G选项“置身大自然对身心有镇静和提神的作用”符合语境，引出下文。故选G。【17题详析】根据上文“Stressisacommonpartoflife,butspendingtimeinnaturecanhelprelieveit.(压力是生活中常见的现象，但身处大自然中能够有助于缓解压力)”以及后文“Youmightnoticethesoundofbirdssinging,thefeelofabreezeonyourskin,orthesightofgreentreesandblueskies.Thesenaturalelementshelpyourmindfocusonsomethingpeaceful,allowingthetensionandworriesofeverydaylifetofadeaway.(你可能会听到鸟儿的鸣叫声，感受到微风拂过肌肤的感觉，或者看到绿树和蓝天的景象。这些自然元素能让你的思绪专注于一种宁静的状态，从而使日常生活的紧张与忧虑逐渐消散)”可知，本段主题是大自然能缓解压力。空后一句提到了听觉、触觉、视觉，这些都是感官（senses）。E选项“当你置身大自然时，你的感官会以一种平静的方式被调动起来”与后文的具体感官描写紧密衔接。故选E。【18题详析】根据后文“Yourbodyreleasesahormonecalledcortisolwhenyou’restressed,butwhenyouareinnature,youcanreducethelevelofcortisol.Byreducingcortisol,naturehelpsyoufeelmorerelaxedandbalanced.(当你感到压力时，你的身体会分泌一种叫做皮质醇的激素。但当你身处大自然中时，你可以降低皮质醇的水平。通过降低皮质醇的含量，大自然能帮助你感到更加放松和平衡)”可知，本段主要讲压力。空后一句提到了具体的生理机制：压力荷尔蒙降低。A选项“此外，置身大自然可以降低你的压力水平”起到了承上启下的作用，既是对上文“缓解压力”的补充，又引出了下文的生理解释。故选A。【19题详析】根据上文“Haveyouevernoticedwhybeingoutsideinthesunshineorwalkingthroughaparkcaninstantlymakeyoufeelbetter?(你有没有想过，为什么置身于阳光下或者漫步于公园里会让人立刻感觉心情变好呢？)”可知，空前一句是一个问句：“你有没有注意到为什么……会让你立刻感觉更好？”。回答“Why”通常用“That’sbecause...”。D选项“那是因为大自然有改善你情绪的方法”直接回答了原因，且对应本段关于“让人感觉良好的化学物质”的主题。故选D。【20题详析】根据上文“Whenyoustepawayfrombusyenvironmentsandimmerseyourselfinnature,youhavetimetoclearyourmindandfocusonthebeautyaroundyou.(当你远离喧嚣的环境，投身于大自然之中时，你便有时间让思绪得以沉淀，专注于周围美丽的景色)”可知，本段讲大自然能让人心情变好。空前一句提到清理思绪，专注于美景”，这是过程。B选项“这会让你感到更加神清气爽和积极乐观”是这一过程带来的最终结果，与前文逻辑通顺。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ZaraRutherfordhassettheworldrecordastheyoungestwomantoflyalonearoundtheworld.TheBritish-Belgian____21____startedhertripworldwideonAugust18,2021.The____22____wassupposedtotakethreemonths.Butbadweatherandvisadelayskepthergroundedand____23____thetripbyabouttwomonths.AndthenshestartedinBelgiumand____24____westoverBritain,Iceland,andGreenland.ThepathtookheroverCanadaandtheUnitedStates.Rutherfordcouldn’tleaveAlaskaduetoweatherandvisadelays.Awinterstormforcedanotherlong____25____inRussiabeforeshetraveledtoKorea,theMiddleEast,and____26____toEurope.Tomeetthe____27____foraround-the-worldflight,RutherfordhadtolandontwopointsoppositeeachotheronEarth:JambiinIndonesiaandTumacoinColombia.Thelastpartofhertriphadbeen____28____,forshehadtodealwithrainandsnow.Butshewashappytobe____29____bytheBelgianAirForcebeforelanding,whichshefeltgratefulfortheircompany.Rutherfordhasbeen_____30_____travelinginsmallplaneswithherparentssinceshewassix.Shegainedherpilot’slicensein2020andstartedflyingherselfat14.She_____31_____beinganastronautandshehopeshertripwillgetmorewomen_____32_____inscience,technology,andaviation.Rutherfordsaid,“Boysaretaughttochoosetheir_____33_____asscientists,astronauts,CEOsorpresidents.Girlsareoften_____34_____tobebeautiful,kind,helpfulandsweet.Withmyflight,Iwanttoshowyoungwomenthattheycanbe_____35_____andmaketheirdreamscometrue.”21.A.surfer B.soldier C.engineer D.pilot22.A.challenge B.passage C.flight D.sailing23.A.extended B.developed C.designed D.explored24.A.directed B.forced C.headed D.pushed25.A.pause B.holiday C.sleep D.rest26.A.moved B.returned C.travelled D.rushed27.A.curiosity B.deadline C.requirement D.permission28.A.difficult B.necessary C.secure D.dependent29.A.rescued B.watched C.accompanied D.praised30.A.yet B.ever C.still D.always31.A.dreamsof B.caresabout C.insistson D.relieson32.A.upset B.interested C.included D.puzzled33.A.careers B.hobbies C.chances D.responsibilities34.A.reminded B.warned C.encouraged D.informed35.A.energetic B.confident C.logical D.ambitious【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.A29.C30.D31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了英裔比利时籍姑娘扎拉·拉瑟福德独自驾驶飞机环球飞行的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位英籍比利时飞行员于2021年8月18日开始了她的环球之旅。A.surfer冲浪运动员；B.soldier士兵；C.engineer工程师；D.pilot飞行员。根据上文的“theyoungestwomantoflyalonearoundtheworld”和下文的内容可知，扎拉·拉瑟福德(ZaraRutherford)是英裔比利时籍的飞行员。故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行原计划花三个月的时间。A.challenge挑战；B.passage通道；C.flight飞行；D.sailing航行。根据上文的“theyoungestwomantoflyalonearoundtheworld”和下文的内容“Withmyflight”可知，扎拉·拉瑟福德(ZaraRutherford)是英裔比利时籍的飞行员，进行环游世界飞行。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但恶劣的天气和签证延误使她停飞，并将行程延长了大约两个月。A.extended延长；扩展；B.developed发展；C.designed设计；D.explored探讨。根据上文的“Butbadweatherandvisadelayskepthergrounded”可知，因为糟糕的天气等原因，扎拉的飞行时间被迫延长两个月。故选A。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来她从比利时出发，向西越过英国、冰岛和格陵兰岛。A.directed指导；B.forced迫使；C.headed朝着；D.pushed敦促。根据上文的“thenshestartedinBelgium”和下文的“westoverBritain”可知，然后扎拉从比利时出发，向西飞去。headed意为“朝某个方向行进”。故选C。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场冬季暴风雪迫使她在俄罗斯又停留了很长一段时间，之后她前往韩国、中东，然后返回欧洲。A.pause停顿；B.holiday假日；C.sleep睡眠；D.rest休息。根据上文的“Rutherfordcouldn’tleaveAlaskaduetoweatherandvisadelays.”可知，暴风雪又迫使扎拉不得不在俄罗斯停留一段时间。故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.moved移动；B.returned返回；C.travelled旅行；D.rushed猛冲。根据第二段的“AndthenshestartedinBelgium”可知，扎拉结束自己的飞行路线后会回到欧洲。故选B。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了满足环球飞行的要求，拉瑟福德不得不在地球上两个相对的地点降落：印度尼西亚的占碑省和哥伦比亚的图马科。A.curiosity好奇心；B.deadline截止期限；C.requirement要求；D.permission准许。根据下文的“foraround-the-worldflight”可知，为了符合环球飞行的要求，飞行员得在印尼的占碑省和哥伦比亚的图马科省降落。meettherequirementfor…意为“满足……的要求”。故选C。【28题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她从德国出发的最后一段旅程很艰难。A.difficult困难的；B.necessary必要的；C.secure安全的；D.dependent依赖的。根据下文的“forshehadtodealwithrainandsnow”可知，扎拉的最后一段飞行非常艰难。故选A。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她很高兴在降落前有比利时空军的陪同，她很感激他们陪伴。A.rescued挽救；B.watched看；C.accompanied陪伴；D.praised表扬。根据下文的“bytheBelgianAirForcebeforelanding”和“whichshefeltgratefulfortheircompany.”可知，在飞机降落前，比利时空军陪伴扎拉一起飞行。故选C。【30题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：拉瑟福德从6岁起就总是和她的飞行员父母一起乘坐小型飞机旅行。A.yet然而；B.ever曾经；C.still然而；D.always总是。根据下文的“sinceshewassix”可知，自从六岁时，扎拉就一直和父母乘坐小型飞机旅行。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她梦想成为一名宇航员，她希望她的这次旅程能让更多的女性对科学、技术和航空感兴趣。A.dreamsof梦想；B.caresabout在乎；关心；C.insistson坚持；D.relieson依靠。根据“Shegainedherpilot’slicensein2020andstartedflyingherselfat14.”可知，扎拉渴望成为一名宇航员。故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.upset打翻；B.interested使感兴趣；C.included包括；D.puzzled使迷惑。根据“shehopes”和上文提到的扎拉对飞行的爱好可推断，扎拉也希望自己的环球飞行能激发更多的女性对科学、技术和飞行等领域的兴趣。故选B。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩们被教给选择他们的职业成为科学家、宇航员、首席执行官或总统。A.careers事业；职业；B.hobbies爱好；C.chances机会；D.responsibilities责任。根据下文的“asscientists,astronauts,CEOsorpresidents”可知，男孩子们从小被教育要从事科学家、宇航员、首席执行官或总统等职业。故选A。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们经常鼓励女孩们要漂亮、善良、乐于助人和可爱。A.reminded提醒；B.warned警告；C.encouraged鼓励；D.informed通知。根据上文的“Boysaretaught”可知，女孩子们被鼓励成为美丽、善良、助人为乐且可爱的人。故选C。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过我的这次飞行，我想向年轻女性展示，她们可以有雄心，实现自己的梦想。A.energetic精力充沛的；B.confident自信的；C.logical符合逻辑的；D.ambitious有抱负的。根据上文的“Withmyflight”和下文的“maketheirdreamscometrue”可知，扎拉希望自己的飞行可以让人们相信女孩子也可以成为一个有理想抱负的人。故选D。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,ifyou’