高中英语选择性必修四Unit 2 重点单词及作文素材

Unit2IconicAttractions一、核心单词1.iconicadj.符号的;图标的;标志性的icon n. 图标;图符;崇拜对象;偶像2.foundationn.创建;基础;地基laythefoundationfor...给…打下基础；为…奠定基础withoutfoundation无根据的foundv.创建;创办;建立found--founded--foundedfoundern.创办人；创立者find--found--found(发现;找到)3.politicaladj.政治的politicsn.政治politiciann.政治家;政客4.locatedadj.位于belocatedin/on/at...坐落于…;位于…besituatedin/on/at...位于…locatev.确定的位置locationn.位置straightforwardadj.坦率的;简单的straightforwardadv.直截了当地frankadj.坦率的;直率的simpleadj.易做的;简单的;朴素的outgoingadj.爱交际的;友好的;外向的easygoingadj.随和的;轻松的6.arrown.箭;箭头bow n.弓abowandarrow弓箭fire/shootanarrow射箭7.entitlevt.给…命名(或题名);使享有权利titlen.题目;头衔entitlesb.todo...给某人做某事的权利entitletosth.有权；有资格to是介词，后跟名词、代词、或动名词8.freedomn.自由;不受…影响的状态freeadj.自由的;空闲的;不受…影响befreefrom/of…无;没有;不受……影响set…free:释放=releaseforfree免费havethefreedomtodo有做某事的自由以-dom为后缀的名词：wiseadj.智慧的→wisdomn.智慧kingn.国王→kingdomn.王国9.sponsorvt.倡议;赞助;主办n.(法案等的)倡议者;赞助者sponsorsb.todosth.资助某人做某事besponsoredby由……资助10.libertyn.自由liberationn.解放liberatev.解放StatueofLiberty自由女神像atliberty不受限制的，自由的havelibertytodosth可随意做某事11.distributionn.分布;分配;分发distributev.分发;分配;使分布;分散distributorn.分销商distributesth.to.sb.把某物分发给某人12.temporaryadj.暂时的;短暂的temporarilyadv.暂时地;临时地;permanentadj.永久的;长久的permanentlyadv.永久地;长久地13.phasen.阶段;时期inanearlyphase:早期periodn.时期;时代;课时stagen.舞台;地点;时期;阶段14.frequencyn.发生率;重复率;(声波或电磁波振动的)频率frequentadj.经常的;屡次的;频繁的frequentlyadv.经常地;频繁地ahigh/lowfrequency高/低频15.violentadj.暴力的;猛烈的violentlyadv.猛烈地;凶猛地;凶狠地violencen.暴力;暴行16.capacityn.能力;容量capableadj.有能力;有才能;能力强的becapableof(doing)sth.有能力(做)什么haveacapacitytodo...有能力做什么abilityn.能力;才能havetheabilitytodo...:有能力做什么17.prisonn.监狱;监禁prisonern.犯人;俘虏inprison坐牢;在狱中(犯法了)intheprison在监狱(未犯法)gotoprison坐牢(犯法了)gototheprison去监狱(未犯法)throw/putsb.into/inprison把某人投入监狱主题写作：标志性风物1、假设你是李华，今天轮到你作英文报告。请你写一篇报告介绍中国特有的珍稀动物金丝猴。Goodmorning,everyone!MyfavoriteiconicanimalinChinaisgoldenmonkey,whichisakindoflovelyanimal.Theirfurisgoldenandtheirtailsarenearlyaslongastheirbodies.Theyaremainlydistributedinforestswhichare1,500--3,300metersabovesealevelandtheylikelivingingroups.Theylivebyeatingfruitsandtreeleaves.Thegovernmenthasbuiltsomenaturereservestoprotectthem,sotheyareinagoodstate.Itishopedthatmoreandmorepeoplecanrealizetheimportanceofprotectingthem.假设你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Noah在给你发送的邮件中说他对中国古代建筑很感兴趣，并打算利用暑假参观一下。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：推荐要参观的建筑；约定参观的时间；提出其他建议。DearNoah,KnowingthatyouarefondoftheancientChinesearchitecture,IstronglyrecommendtheForbiddenCitytoyou.MillionsofancientoldbuildingshavesurvivedinChina’shistory.However,thereisnobetterplacetovisitthantheForbiddenCityinBeijing,whichwasoriginallybuiltintheMingDynasty.ItrepresentsthehigheststandardofChina’sarchitecture.In1987,itwaslistedastheworldculturalheritage.Summeristheperfecttimetovisitit.Solet’smakeitonAugust1st?Iamconvincedthatyouwillhaveabettertasteofitifyouknowitshistoryinadvance.Besides,you’dbetterwearcomfortableshoes,forwe’lldolotsofwalking.Ihopemyinformationcanbeofgreatusetoyou.Yours,LiHuaUNIT2能力提升强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(江苏南通高二期末)Theincreaseinprimate(灵长类动物)ecotourismiscausingstress-relatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityofPortsmouth,lookedattheeffectofasingleenginemotorboatapproachingacommunityofproboscismonkeys.Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.Andmanyoftheboatscarryingthetouristsapproachtheprimatesquicklyandloudly,oftenreachingtheriverbanksjustafewmetersawayfromthewildlife.Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentbyapproachingthemonkeysinamotorboatwithdifferentspeedsandtraveldistances—fast-close(approachingthemonkeysfor10secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof14.4km/hr),slow-close(approachingthemonkeyfor40secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr),andslow-farconditions(approachingthemonkeysfor20secondswhen100metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr).Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstress-relatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefast-closeandslow-closeconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefast-closecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching(挠,搔)andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行为).“Collectively,ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach,”saidDr.MarinaDavilaRoss,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersthusproposethatguidelinesforprimatetourismintheriversideareasshouldincludeanapproachspeedofnomorethan4km/hrwithin100metersoftheproboscismonkeys.Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.“Suchinformationmightbehelpfulfortourists,allowingthemtochangetheirbehaviorswhenvisitingtheprimatesandwhenencouragingguidestofollowtheguidelines,”Dr.DavilaRossadded.1.What’sthepossiblereasonforchoosingproboscismonkeysasthestudysubjects?A.Theyareveryattractivetotourists.B.Theygenerallydonoharmtohumans.C.Theyareputonthelinebythemotorboats.D.Theyfrightentouristsawaywiththeirnoses.2.Whatdidtheresearchers’experimentshowaboutproboscismonkeys?A.Theyfoundtheslow-closeconditionmoststressful.B.Theytendedtogohuntingwhenfacedwithdanger.C.Theylosttheirsenseofsafetyatthesoundofmotorboats.D.Theylosttheirwayveryeasilyatthesightofmotorboats.3.Whatdotheresearchersadvisetouriststodo?A.Toapproachproboscismonkeyslessfrequently.B.Toavoidgettingtooclosetoproboscismonkeys.C.Toaskguidesformoreinformationaboutproboscismonkeys.D.Tobehavethemselveswhiletryingtofeedproboscismonkeys.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Ecotourismhasledtoabetterunderstandingofprimates.B.Ecotourismmakesitpossibletogetclosetoprimates.C.Ecotourismiscontributingtotheconservationofprimates.D.Ecotourismishavinganegativeeffectonprimatebehavior.B(湖北黄冈高二上期末调研)Whywouldn’tscientistswanttotryandsavetheworld’slargestflower,especiallywhenit,Rafflesia,istheircountry’snationalflower?However,whenyouaddtothefactthattheworld’slargestflowerisalsotheworld’ssmelliest,thensuddenlythe“pandaoftheplantworld”beginstolookmorelikeaheadache.SofiMursidawati,aPhDinagricultureattheBogorBotanicalGardensontheislandofJava,isoneoftheworld’sleadingexpertsonthisstrangeflower,andhereffortstobuildabodyofknowledgethatwillallowforthecreationoftheflowerintothefuturecouldsaveitfromextinction.Rafflesiahasnoleaves,roots,orstems,butratheronlyonegiant,one-meter-long,20-poundbloomthatsmellslikerottingmeat.FoundonlyintherainforestsofSumatraandBorneo,itsartificialcreationinthefaceofhabitatlossisaproblem.Withseedsthesizeofgrains,pollinatedflowersinfectakindofvines(藤本植物)calledTetrastygma,beforeslowlygrowingovermanymonthsintoanenormouscabbage-sizedbulb.Thecuriositiesdon’tendthere.Infact,itbarelyqualifiesasaplant.Itbranchedawayfromhavinggeneticsthatcodeforphotosynthesis(光合作用)millionsofyearsago,andreliesentirelyuponitshost—thevinesforenergy.Justasit’sdifficulttogetpandastobreed,Rafflesiaisapainintheneck,asthebloomslastonlyaweek.AftercollectingRafflesiaseeds,andavarietyofTetrastygmavines,ittookMursidawatifouryearstowelcomethefirstsmellyflowerintotheBogorBotanicalGardens.Adecadelater,theworkwasstillslowgoing.However,thecreationisdoingonethingverywell:creatingspecimens(样本)tosendtobotanicgardensaroundtheworld,creatingwhatwilllikelybethestrangeflower’sgreatestchanceforsurvival.5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofcreatingRafflesia?A.Meaningless.B.Simple.C.Attractive. D.Challenging.6.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Rafflesiaisdifferentfromcommonplants.B.It’saproblemforRafflesiatoliveintherainforests.C.Rafflesiahasalreadybeensavedfromextinction.D.SoliMursidawatihascreatedRafflesiasuccessfully.7.WheredoesRafflesiagetitsenergy?A.Fromthesun. B.Fromitshost.C.Fromtheearth. D.Fromtheair.8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheWorld’sLargestFlowerIsEndangered.B.RafflesiaBecomesWorld’sLargestFlower.C.WomanScientistCreatesVariousFlowers.D.WomanScientistRacestoSaveWorld’sLargestandSmelliestFlower.Ⅱ.完形填空(江苏南通高二期末)Oneday,myunclebroughthomeaparrot.MycousinandIcalleditMitthu.Myfamilyweresostrongly1thattheytrimmed(剪掉)itswings.Theysaidifitlefthome,itwouldn’t2outsidewithoutus.

Astimewentby,wegrewandsodidMitthu.Itswingsgrewquitealot.Mitthuwasn’tkeptinacage.Isometimeswonderedwhyitdidn’t3.Maybeitwasquiteattachedtousanddidn’twanttoleaveus,oritdidn’twanttoleavetheluxuriouslifeand4thetoughrealityoflife.

AsIgrewolder,I5thatMitthu’slifewasn’tverydifferentfrommine.Iwaspampered(溺爱)and6carefully.Iwasprohibitedfromreally7theoutsideworld.Myhousebecamemywholeworld,whichwaslikeaninvisible8thathadcontrolledmyspirit.

NowI’msentouttostudyandtoldthatIhavethewholeskytofly,but9,justasMitthu,Iamnotabletodoso.MitthuandImightbetwodifferentbeingsbutweare10inasimilarsituation.Iamafraidofflying.Iamafraidmybehaviormighthurtmyparents’feelings.Theseemotionsand11willneverreallyallowustoflyindependently!

It’sgoodforparentstoloveand12theirchildren,but,sometimes,over-protectivenessfromparentsmightharmtheirchildren’sfutureand13children’sdecisions.True14istoallowkidstogrowfreelyandletthemtry15things.Thus,theywillbebrimmingwithconfidenceandcourage.

1.A.serious B.discouragedC.refreshed D.possessive2.A.survive B.escapeC.approve D.forgive3.A.comearound B.flyawayC.comeback D.growup4.A.ignore B.representC.admit D.face5.A.realized B.expectedC.decided D.wondered6.A.weighedon B.sortedoutC.caredfor D.listenedto7.A.keepingupwith B.lookingdownonC.breakingawayfrom D.gettingalongwith8.A.burden B.cageC.gesture D.tool9.A.barely B.graduallyC.sadly D.fortunately10.A.trapped B.judgedC.rescued D.stored11.A.strength B.sympathyC.encouragement D.attachment12.A.help B.blameC.shelter D.entertain13.A.influence B.supportC.predict D.affirm14.A.happiness B.loveC.freedom D.equality15.A.terrible B.differentC.unique D.basicⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。(江苏盐城三校高二下期中)ItwasmyfirsttimetoskiandIhadbeenpersuadedtocomealongwithagroupoffriendswhohadbookedahotelforusall.EveryoneelsetherehadatleastsomeexperienceofskiinginthepastandallthroughouttheflighttoGenevatheyweretalkingfunnystoriesaboutpasttripstotownsandvillagesIhadn’tevenheardof.WhileIknewIwasinforareallygoodtime,alittlepartofmewaswonderingwhetherIhadmadeamistakebyjoiningsuchexperiencedskiersforaweekintheAlps(阿尔卑斯山),whenIhadneverevenhadasingleskiinglessononpropersnow,thatistosayrealsnow.Wearrivedatthehotelintheafternoonandmytraininglessonsdidn’tstartuntilthefollowingmorning.TherewasnowaythatIwasgoingtostaybehindandwatcheveryoneelsegoouttoenjoytheslopes(斜坡)withoutme,soIgrabbedmystuffandheadedoutwiththerestofthem.Harriet,amemberofourgroup,tookpityonmeandofferedtopairup,givingmesometipsonhowtogetstarted.IhadbeenplanninghittingtheskitrackformonthsandnowIarrivedandIwasabouttofeeltherush.Theexcitementstartedtospread.Butonthisoccasion,itreallywasmyfirstouting,andIwasseriouslynervous.Ialwayslovedsnow,Ilovedthrowingsnowballswithmyfriendsasakid.ButnowIfeltIwasoutofmycomfortzoneand,afterIequippedmyself,Iwasshakingallovernervously.Itriedtogoforward.Forallofabouttenmeters,Ifelltothegroundagainandagain.Myinstructor,Paul,wasnearandhewastryingtoohardnottolaugh.Iwasfeelingalittlebitashamed.Againtomyfeet,againtotheground.注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式作答。AndthepatterncontinueduntilfinallyIcaughtmybalance.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withproperlessonsthefollowingdays,Iimprovedquickly.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UNIT2能力提升强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于灵长类动物生态旅游引起猴子压力行为的相关研究,说明生态旅游对灵长类动物的行为有负面影响。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段及第二段中“Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.”可推知,把长鼻猴作为研究对象可能是因为它们对游客很有吸引力。故选A项。2.C推理判断题。根据第四段中“Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratchingandoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.”可知,一旦摩托艇开动,长鼻猴就会有反应,说明它们失去了安全感,而摩托艇开动就意味着会发出声音。故选C项。3.B细节理解题。根据第六段中“Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.”可知,研究人员建议游客与长鼻猴保持距离,避免太接近它们。故选B项。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段可知,文章介绍了灵长类动物生态旅游引起猴子压力行为的相关研究,所以“生态旅游对灵长类动物的行为有负面影响”是文章主要想要告诉读者的内容。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爪哇岛茂物植物园的农业博士索非·穆尔西达瓦蒂(SofiMursidawati)正在研究方法来拯救一种世界上最大却最难闻的奇怪的花Rafflesia。5.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Justasit’sdifficulttogetpandastobreed,Rafflesiaisapainintheneck,...Adecadelater,theworkwasstillslowgoing.”可知,人工培育Rafflesia是极其困难的事情,即:挑战性很强。故选D项。6.A推理判断题。根据第二段中“Rafflesiahasnoleaves,roots,orstems,butratheronlyonegiant,one-meter-long,20-poundbloomthatsmellslikerottingmeat.”可知,Rafflesia和一般的植物不一样。故选A项。7.B细节理解题。根据第三段中“Itbranchedawayfromhavinggeneticsthatcodeforphotosynthesismillionsofyearsago,andreliesentirelyuponitshost—thevinesforenergy.”可知,Rafflesia从它的宿主——葡萄藤来获取能量。故选B项。8.D主旨大意题。根据第一段和第二段可知,文章主要介绍了爪哇岛茂物植物园的农业博士索非·穆尔西达瓦蒂正在研究方法去拯救一种世界上最大却最难闻的奇怪的花Rafflesia。故选D项。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和鹦鹉米图都是在家人的溺爱和过度的保护中成长,但这也让他们失去了独立“飞翔”的能力。1.D根据家人对待鹦鹉米图的办法“theytrimmeditswings”和下文对待作者的办法“Iwaspamperedand6carefully.Iwasprohibitedfromreally7theoutsideworld.”可推知,作者的家人的控制欲很强。故选D项。

2.A根据上文对待鹦鹉米图的办法“theytrimmeditswings”和下文“withoutus”可推知,作者的家人修剪鹦鹉米图的翅膀是因为他们认为米图离开他们就无法生存,这样做是为了保护它。故选A项。3.B作者在下文“Maybeitwasquiteattachedtousanddidn’twanttoleaveus,oritdidn’twanttoleavetheluxuriouslife”中解释了米图不离开的原因,所以上文中作者纳闷的是它为什么不飞走。comearound“苏醒”;flyaway“飞走”;comeback“回来”;growup“成长”。故选B项。4.D根据句中“theluxuriouslife”和“thetoughrealityoflife”可推知,作者认为米图不离开的原因是不想面对生活的残酷现实。故选D项。5.A根据下文“Mitthu’slifewasn’tverydifferentfrommine.”和“Iwasprohibitedfromreally7theoutsideworld.”可知,随着年龄的增长,作者意识到米图的生活跟自己的生活是一样的。故选A项。

6.C根据句中“Iwaspamperedand”和下文“It’sgoodforparentstoloveand12theirchildren”可知,作者的家人很爱他,所以他被照顾得很好。weighon“使苦恼”;sortout“分类”;carefor“照顾”;listento“听”。故选C项。

7.A根据下文“Myhousebecamemywholeworld”可知,家人不准作者与外面的世界保持接触。keepupwith“和……保持联系”;lookdownon“看不起”;breakawayfrom“脱离”;getalongwith“与……和睦相处”。故选A项。8.B根据上文“Iwasprohibitedfromreally7theoutsideworld.”和句中“controlledmyspirit”可推知,作者不能与外面的世界联系,感觉自己生活在笼子里。故选B项。

9.C根据句中“I