陕西省等四省联考2025-2026学年高三上学期1月期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省等四省联考2025-2026学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAreyoucuriousabouttheoceanandeagertobuildsomethingwithyourownhands?Middleandhighschoolstudents(grades7—12)nowhavethechancetoparticipateintheUnderwaterRobotChallenge,anationaleventthatcombinescreativity,engineering,andoceanscience.Thetaskissimpleyetexciting:designandbuildasmallrobotthatcanworkunderwater,anddiscoverhowtechnologycanhelpprotectourseas.Howdoesitwork?Teamsmustsenddraftsandashortdescriptionofhowtheirrobotwillmove,keepitsbalance,andfinishtasks.Marineengineerswillreviewallplans,givefeedback(反馈),andselectupto40teamsintheend.Robotsshouldbebattery-powered,nolongerthan40cm,andsafetouseunderwater.Whathappensinthepool?Robotsfacea5-minutetestinalargepool.Theyneedtocollectfloatingobjects,passthroughunderwaterhoops(圈),recorda30-secondvideoofthe“deepworld”,andfinallyreturntothestartingline.Everymoveisfilmed,andteamslaterstudythedatatowritereports.ThebestreportswillwinteamsaplaceattheNationalYouthMarineTechnologyConference,whereuptofourstudentsperteammaybepresent.Whataboutcostsandawards?ParticipatingintheChallengeisfree,butteamsmustcovermaterials,shipping,andtravelifnecessary.Tohelp,non-localpresenterscanreceive400intravelsupport.Prizesare500,300and150respectively,withwinningrobotsshowninanonlineexhibition.Whyjoin?ThisChallengeoffersfarmorethanaschoolproject.Itisachancetotestideas,gainrealengineeringexperience,andaddashiningpointtoyourcollegeapplications—allwhileexploringthewondersoftheocean.1.WhatisthemaingoaloftheChallenge?A.Topopularizeunderwaterrobots. B.Totestbattery-poweredmachines.C.Toprepareforaninternationalcompetition. D.Topromoteoceanprotectionthroughtechnology.2.Whatwillallparticipantsget?A.Aguaranteedspotintheonlineexhibition.B.Detailedreportsontheirrobots’performance.C.Professionalcommentsontheirinitialdesign.D.Acertainamountoffinancialtravelsupport.3.Howmuchwillanon-localfirst-prizewinnerreceiveintotal?A.$900. B.$700. C.$550. D.$500.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍面向初高中学生的全国水下机器人挑战赛，说明赛事内容、流程、费用奖励及参与意义，号召学生参与。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thetaskissimpleyetexciting:designandbuildasmallrobotthatcanworkunderwater,anddiscoverhowtechnologycanhelpprotectourseas.(任务简单却令人兴奋：设计并制作一个能在水下工作的小型机器人，探索技术如何帮助保护我们的海洋)”可知，该挑战赛的主要目标是通过技术促进海洋保护。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Teamsmustsenddraftsandashortdescriptionofhowtheirrobotwillmove,keepitsbalance,andfinishtasks.Marineengineerswillreviewallplans,givefeedback(反馈),andselectupto40teamsintheend.(各团队需提交设计草案及机器人移动、平衡、完成任务方式的简短说明。海洋工程师将审核所有方案，给出反馈，并最终选出至多40支团队)”可知，所有参与者都能获得关于初始设计的专业评价。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tohelp,non-localpresenterscanreceive400intravelsupport.Prizesare500,300and150respectively,withwinningrobotsshowninanonlineexhibition.(为提供助力，非本地参赛选手可获得400美元的交通补贴。赛事奖金分设500美元、300美元和150美元三个等级，获奖的机器人作品还将在网上展览中展出)”可知，非本地一等奖获得者可获得的总金额为500美元奖金加400美元旅行补贴，共计900美元。故选A项。BWhenMichelleJacksonretiredat56,shefeltasifadoorhadsuddenlyclosed.Afterdecadesasanengineerdesigninghigh-speedtrainsforBritishRail,theonce-busyrhythmofmeetings,deadlines,andprojectswasgone.Thesilencethatfollowedfeltheavierthanshehadexpected.“WhatamIgoingtodonow?”sheaskedherself,facedwithlongdaysandtoomuchquiettime.Luckily,fiveyearslater,shefoundheranswer.At61,Michellepickedupherfirstcamera,determinedtolearnsomethingentirelynew.Asabeginner,shejoinedalocalwalkingandphotographygroup,oftenspendinghoursoutdoorsexperimentingwithsettingsshebarelyunderstoodatfirst.ShealsosignedupforonlinecoursesinphotographyandPhotoshop,insisting,“IfI’mgoingtodosomething,I’lldoitproperly.”Michellealwayslovednature.Inhertwenties,shehikedlongdistancessuchasthe268-milePennineWayinnorthernEngland.Yetbackthen,sheneverthoughtofbringingacamera.Onlyafterretirementdidsherealizethatphotographycouldpreservewhathadalwaystouchedher:thequietwonderofwildplacesandanimals.Herhearingloss,whichoncepushedherintoretirement,hassharpenedhervision.Shenotesthattheweakeningofonesensecanstrengthenanother.Thisheightenedperception,coupledwithgreatpatience,allowshertotoleratelongwaitsinnature—whetherforseabirdstoformaheartwiththeirheadsorforadeertoenterthetwilight.Nowinhermid-60s,Michellehaswonnationalandinternationalawards.Shespendsatleast20hoursaweekinthefield,hidingundernetsforcoverorlyinginwetgrass,alwaysreadyfortheexcitementoftheunexpected.Yetforher,successisnotmeasuredbyawards.“EachtimeIseeananimalappear,”shesays,“myheartraces.Ifyoutrulyseekthem,youwillfindthem.”4.WhatpushedMichelletotakeupphotography?A.Herinterestinonlinecourses.B.Hersuddenhearingloss.C.Heremptinessafterretirement.D.Herthirstforexpandinghersocialcircle.5.HowdoeshearinglossinfluenceMichelle?A.Itenhancesherabilitytosee.B.Itcausesherlotsofproblemsindailylife.C.Itenrichesherknowledgeaboutwildanimals.D.Itdeepensherunderstandingofhuman-naturerelationship.6.WhatdoesMichelleprobablythinkoftheawardsshehasearned?A.Theyhavehelpedhergainwiderecognition.B.Theybringmotivationforhertokeeptakingphotos.C.Theyfailtocomparewiththejoyofspottingwildanimals.D.Theyareasilentwitnesstoherprogressinphotography.7.WhatmessagedoesMichelle’sstorydeliver?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.Ageisnolimittopassion.C.Natureisthebestmedicine. D.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.【答案】4.C5.A6.C7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述米歇尔·杰克逊退休后因生活空虚接触摄影，凭借对自然的热爱和耐心深耕，虽受听力损伤影响却精进视觉感知，最终斩获摄影奖项，领悟生活真谛的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“WhenMichelleJacksonretiredat56,shefeltasifadoorhadsuddenlyclosed.(米歇尔·杰克逊56岁退休时，感觉一扇门突然关上了。)”以及“Thesilencethatfollowedfeltheavierthanshehadexpected.‘WhatamIgoingtodonow?’sheaskedherself,facedwithlongdaysandtoomuchquiettime.(随之而来的寂静比她预想的更沉重。“我现在要做什么？”面对漫长的日子和过多的安静时光，她自言自语)”及第二段首句“Luckily,fiveyearslater,shefoundheranswer.At61,Michellepickedupherfirstcamera,determinedtolearnsomethingentirelynew.(幸运的是，五年后，她找到了答案。61岁时，米歇尔拿起了她的第一台相机，决心学习一些全新的东西)”可知，退休后的空虚感促使米歇尔开始接触摄影。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Herhearingloss,whichoncepushedherintoretirement,hassharpenedhervision.Shenotesthattheweakeningofonesensecanstrengthenanother.(曾经迫使她退休的听力损伤，反而敏锐了她的视觉。她指出，一种感官的减弱会增强另一种感官)”可知，听力损伤提升了米歇尔的视觉能力。故选A项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Yetforher,successisnotmeasuredbyawards.“EachtimeIseeananimalappear,”shesays,“myheartraces.Ifyoutrulyseekthem,youwillfindthem.”(然而对她来说，成功不是用奖项来衡量的。“每次看到动物出现，”她说，“我的心都会怦怦直跳。如果你真心去寻找它们，你就会找到它们。”)”可推断，米歇尔认为奖项远不及发现野生动物时的喜悦有价值。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述米歇尔56岁退休后陷入空虚，61岁才开始接触摄影这一全新领域，凭借热爱和坚持在六十多岁斩获国内外奖项，打破了年龄对追求热爱的限制。她的故事传递出“年龄不是激情的阻碍”。故选B项。CHumansareexpertsatrearrangingmatter.Advancesinchemistryhavegivenuslifesavingdrugs,massiveagriculturalyields,andsoon.Butmanyofourchemicalcreations,likeplasticsandso-calledforeverchemicals,haveanunpleasanttendencytohangaround,showingupinourwater,food,andevenourbodies.Itcanfeeldisastrous:Withtheproductsofourtechnologynowwovenintoremoteecosystemsandourownflesh,there’snoescapeforus.However,wearenottheonlychemicalengineers.Plantsturnairintowoodandsunlightintosugar,whilemicrobes(微生物)performremarkablefunctions.Usingmicrobesforwastecleanupisalreadyaproventechnology.Manywastewatertreatmentplantsrelyonmicrobestobreakdownharmfulsubstancesinthewastewater,thoughsomecomplexcompoundsstayirremovable.Commercialmicrobialproductsarealsousedtotreatwastefrompaperfactories,textilefactories,andfarms,aswellastocleanupoilandgasspillsinenclosed(密闭的)spaces.Yet,thesemicrobialproductshavelimitations.Beneficialmicrobesareoftenoutcompetedbylocalspeciesinthewild,andeveninenclosedtanks,theyeventuallydieoff.Thekeytoovercomingsuchchallenges,accordingtomicrobiologistJiandongJiang,istocraftandspreadintentionallydesignedmicrobialcommunities,ormicrobiomes.Tocreatecustomizedmicrobiomes,Jiangandothersareusingabottom-upapproach.Theyidentifythetaskstheywanttheirmicrobestoperformandthenusetoolstodecidespeciescapableoffinishingthosetasks.Thegoalistodesignacommunitywheremicrobesworkcooperatively,withsomebreakingdownpollutantsintomanageablepartsforotherstoconsume,andothersprovidingsupportingroles.Inthefuture,advancesinsynthetic(合成的)biologyandgeneticengineeringmayenablescientiststodevelopcustomizedmicrobiomescapableofbreakingdownevenmorestubborntargets.Whiletheuseofgeneticallyengineeredorfullysyntheticmicrobecleanupcrewsinthewildisstillalong-termvision,expertsbelievewidespreaduseofcustomizedmicrobiomesdesignedwiththebottom-upapproachcouldoccurwithinthenextdecade.8.Whatisamajorproblemofhumanchemicalinnovations?A.Theyinvolvearatherlongproductioncycle.B.Theyaretooexpensivetoproducemassively.C.Theyarelessefficientthannaturalchemicalprocesses.D.Theyhavesevereimpactsontheenvironmentandhumans.9.Whatdoesthetextsayaboutthecurrentmicrobialproducts?A.Theyrequiretestinginawidercontext.B.Theyperformworseinenclosedtanks.C.Theybreakdownpollutantswithease.D.Theyneedspecificworkingconditions.10.HowdoesJiang’sbottom-upapproachimprovemicrobialcleanups?A.Bystressingteamworkamongmicrobes.B.Byrelyingheavilyonexistinglocalspecies.C.Byusinggeneticallyengineeredmicrobesfromthestart.D.Byselectingsinglespeciesthatcanperformmultiplefunctions.11.Whatistheexperts’attitudetowardstheapplicationofcustomizedmicrobiomes?A.Positive. B.Dismissive. C.Mixed. D.Worried.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人类化学创新产物带来的环境与健康问题，以及利用微生物群落进行污染治理的现有成果、局限与未来发展方向。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Butmanyofourchemicalcreations,likeplasticsandso-calledforeverchemicals,haveanunpleasanttendencytohangaround,showingupinourwater,food,andevenourbodies.Itcanfeeldisastrous:Withtheproductsofourtechnologynowwovenintoremoteecosystemsandourownflesh,there’snoescapeforus.(但我们的许多化学制品，比如塑料和所谓的永久性化学物质，都有一个令人头疼的特点——会长期残留，出现在我们的水源、食物甚至身体里。这可能会带来灾难性的后果：我们的科技产物如今已经渗入偏远的生态系统和我们自己的身体，我们无处可逃。)”可知，人类化学创新的一个主要问题是其产物会对环境和人类造成严重影响。故选D项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet,thesemicrobialproductshavelimitations.Beneficialmicrobesareoftenoutcompetedbylocalspeciesinthewild,andeveninenclosedtanks,theyeventuallydieoff.(然而，这些微生物产品存在局限性。有益微生物在野外往往会被本地物种竞争淘汰，即使是在密闭的容器中，它们最终也会消亡。)”可知，目前的微生物产品需要特定的工作条件才能发挥作用，在野外环境中难以存活，在密闭环境中也无法长期维持。故选D项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Thegoalistodesignacommunitywheremicrobesworkcooperatively,withsomebreakingdownpollutantsintomanageablepartsforotherstoconsume,andothersprovidingsupportingroles.(其目标是设计一个微生物协同工作的群落，一些微生物将污染物分解为可处理的部分供其他微生物分解利用，而另一些微生物则承担辅助作用。)”可知，蒋的自下而上方法通过强调微生物之间的团队协作来改善污染清理效果。故选A项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whiletheuseofgeneticallyengineeredorfullysyntheticmicrobecleanupcrewsinthewildisstillalong-termvision,expertsbelievewidespreaduseofcustomizedmicrobiomesdesignedwiththebottom-upapproachcouldoccurwithinthenextdecade.(尽管在野外使用基因工程或完全合成的微生物清理团队仍然是一个长期愿景，但专家们认为，采用自下而上方法设计的定制化微生物群落有望在未来十年内得到广泛应用。)”可知，专家们对于定制化微生物群落的应用前景持积极态度。故选A项。DBeneaththeViphyaMountainsinMalawiliesMzimba,adistrictwherepovertyrunsdeep.Malawi’sGDPpercapitaisbarelysixhundreddollars,andtherearefewopportunitiesforchildren.Butinclassroomswherechalkoncefadedandteachersstruggledwithovercrowdedlessons,somethingunexpectedhasappeared:interactivetablets.Since2023,thegovernment,workingwithaUKnon-profitcalledOnebillion,hasintroducedadaptivedevicesthatteachliteracyandnumeracy(计算能力)inbothChichewaandEnglish.Whatmakesthesetabletsremarkableisnotsimplythattheydeliverlessons,butthattheyadjust.Achilduncertainaboutbasicnumbersisguidedpatientlythroughsimpleproblems,whileanother,confidentwithletters,isswiftlyadvancedtoharderpassages.RarelyhaseducationinruralAfricabeensoindividualized.Thatsuchtechnologymattersisbeyonddoubt.Randomizedtrialhasfoundthatchildrenusingthetabletsformerelyonehourdailygainedtheequaloffouradditionalmonthsoflearningwithinjustoverayear.Evenmoreimpressiveistheprediction:theseskillsmayaddmorethansixteenthousanddollarstolifetimeearnings,asumextraordinaryinoneoftheworld’spoorestnations.Noteachershaveresisted.Overwhelmedbyastudent-teacherratio(比例)thatoftenexceeds70:1,theywelcomethedevices,forwhilechildrenareengagedwithinteractiveexercises,teacherscanfocusonguidanceratherthanendlessrepetition.Indeed,rarelyhasareformbeensohighlyendorsedbybotheducatorsandstudents.However,challengesremain.Limitedelectricitymakessolarpanelsessential,andconcernsaboutdamagedorlosttabletscannotbeignored.Yet,comparedwiththecost,thebenefitsarevast.Foreverydollarspent,researcherscalculatedmorethanonehundreddollarsofsocialvaluereturned.Notonlyisthisaninnovation;itisarevolution.Byallowingeachchildtolearnathisorherownpace,thetabletssowseedsofconfidenceandpossibility—seedsthat,onceplanted,mayreshapeanentiregeneration’sfuture.12.WhatdidMalawi’sgovernmentdoin2023?A.Itestablishedanonprofitorganization.B.Itadjusteditsfocusonliteracyandnumeracy.C.ItstrengthenedtheroleofEnglishineducation.D.Itintegratedtailoredteachingintotheclassroom.13.Whatdidthetrialonthedevicesreveal?A.Theyhelpedbuildsocialskills. B.Theyborefruitfulresults.C.Theydeliveredfixedcontent. D.Theyranoutofpowerquickly.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorsed”inparagraph4mean?A.Intensified. B.Developed. C.Appreciated. D.Criticized.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Teachers’RolesChangewithEducationalInnovationB.InteractiveTabletsReshapeRuralEducationinMalawiC.TheToughEducationalSituationinPoorAfricanAreasD.ChallengesofApplyingTechnologyinRuralClassrooms【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍马拉维政府引入交互式平板开展个性化教学，助力贫困地区儿童提升学习能力，及该举措的成效与面临的挑战。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since2023,thegovernment,workingwithaUKnon-profitcalledOnebillion,hasintroducedadaptivedevicesthatteachliteracyandnumeracy(计算能力)inbothChichewaandEnglish.Whatmakesthesetabletsremarkableisnotsimplythattheydeliverlessons,butthattheyadjust.Achilduncertainaboutbasicnumbersisguidedpatientlythroughsimpleproblems,whileanother,confidentwithletters,isswiftlyadvancedtoharderpassages.(2023年以来，该国政府与英国非营利组织“十亿”合作，引入了自适应设备，用奇切瓦语和英语教授识字与计算能力。这些平板电脑的非凡之处，不仅仅在于它们能授课，更在于它们可以灵活调整教学内容。对基础数字掌握不扎实的孩子，会被耐心引导着做简单的题目，而对字母运用熟练的孩子，则会快速过渡到难度更高的内容。)”可知，马拉维政府在2023年将因材施教的个性化教学融入了课堂。故选D项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Randomizedtrialhasfoundthatchildrenusingthetabletsformerelyonehourdailygainedtheequaloffouradditionalmonthsoflearningwithinjustoverayear.Evenmoreimpressiveistheprediction:theseskillsmayaddmorethansixteenthousanddollarstolifetimeearnings,asumextraordinaryinoneoftheworld’spoorestnations.(随机对照试验发现，儿童每天仅使用平板电脑一小时，一年多的时间里学到的知识就相当于额外接受了四个月的教育。更令人瞩目的是这样一项预测：这些技能可能会为他们的终身收入增加一万六千多美元，这笔钱在这个世界上最贫穷的国家之一算得上是一笔巨款。)”可知，这项关于平板设备的试验显示出了丰硕的成果。故选B项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Noteachershaveresisted.Overwhelmedbyastudent-teacherratio(比例)thatoftenexceeds70:1,theywelcomethedevices,forwhilechildrenareengagedwithinteractiveexercises,teacherscanfocusonguidanceratherthanendlessrepetition.Indeed,rarelyhasareformbeensohighlyendorsedbybotheducatorsandstudents.(没有任何一位教师表示反对。面对常常超过70:1的师生比，老师们早已不堪重负，他们对这些设备表示欢迎，因为当孩子们投入到互动练习中时，老师们可以专注于指导性工作，而非机械重复的教学。事实上，很少有一项改革能得到教育工作者和学生如此高度的认可。)”可知，前文提到教师欢迎该设备，因此“endorsed”的意思是认可、赞赏，与“appreciated”含义相近。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段引出马拉维贫困地区引入交互式平板的背景，第二段介绍平板的个性化教学功能，第三段说明使用平板的显著成效，第四段讲述师生对该举措的态度，第五段分析面临的挑战与长远价值。全文围绕交互式平板给马拉维农村教育带来的变革展开，因此“InteractiveTabletsReshapeRuralEducationinMalawi(交互式平板电脑重塑马拉维农村教育)”概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。MegJosephson,apsychotherapist(心理治疗师)inSanFrancisco,oncemetaclientwholefteverypartyconvinced—withoutproof—thateveryonesecretlydislikedher.____16____Manypeopleknowthepainofoverthinking:worryingaboutashorttext,panickingwhenaneighbordoesn’tsayhello,orfearingthatasimplechatwiththebossmeansbeingfired.Josephsonexplainedthatthisconstantself-doubthasaname:fawning.____17____TheideawasintroducedbypsychologistPeteWalker,whosawitasasurvivalskilldevelopedinchildhoodstruggles.Whileresearchisstillinitsearlystage,therapistsagreethatfawningcankeeppeoplesafeinthreateningenvironmentsbutbecomesharmfulwhenitcontrolseverydaylife.Why?Becausethebodystaysonhighalertevenwhenthere’snodanger.Josephsonherselfgrewupinatensehome,alwayssmoothingoverherfather’sanger.____18____Peoplewhofawnconstantlymonitorothers’moods,believing,“Ican’tbeOKunlessthey’reOK.”____19____First,don’tassumeyou’vedonesomethingwrong.Pauseandaskifthestoryinyourheadisreallytrue.Second,checkyourpeople-pleasinghabits.Insteadofsaying“Noproblem”whenitactuallyis,trybeinghonest:“Thatwashardforme.”Startsmallwithsafesituations.Finally,aimforauthenticcommunication.Clearwordsbuildstrongerrelationshipsthanconstantguessing.Josephsonremindsusthatwecannotcontrolotherpeople’shappiness.Wemightbendoverbackwardtomakeapartnersmileoraco-workerapprove,buttheirmoodsareultimatelytheirownresponsibility,notours.____20____A.Thisfeelingwasn’tunique.B.Makehonestcommunicationyourgoal.C.Josephsonofferswaystobreakthiscycle.D.Removingfawningiseasiersaidthandone.E.Itmeanspleasingotherstoavoidconflict.F.Later,asatherapist,shesawhowcommonthispatternis.G.Realfreedombeginswhenwestoptryingtomanagehowothersfeel.【答案】16.A17.E18.F19.C20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍讨好型自我怀疑的心理现象，分析其定义、成因及危害，并给出打破该心理模式的方法和相关告诫。【16题详析】根据空前的“MegJosephson,apsychotherapistinSanFrancisco,oncemetaclientwholefteverypartyconvinced—withoutproof—thateveryonesecretlydislikedher.(旧金山的心理治疗师梅格·约瑟夫森曾经遇到一位来访者，这位来访者每次参加完派对都会认定——没有任何证据——每个人都暗地里不喜欢自己)”以及空后的“Manypeopleknowthepainofoverthinking:worryingaboutashorttext,panickingwhenaneighbordoesn’tsayhello,orfearingthatasimplechatwiththebossmeansbeingfired.(很多人都体会过过度思考的痛苦：为一条简短的信息而烦恼，因邻居没打招呼而惊慌失措，或是担心和老板的一次简单对话就意味着自己要被解雇)”可知，此空应是承上启下，表明前文来访者的感受并非个例。A选项“Thisfeelingwasn’tunique.(这种感受并不是独一无二的)”中的thisfeeling指代前文来访者认定他人不喜欢自己的感受，且引出后文很多人有类似过度思考的痛苦，符合语境。故选A项。【17题详析】根据空前的“Josephsonexplainedthatthisconstantself-doubthasaname:fawning.(约瑟夫森解释说，这种持续的自我怀疑有一个名字：讨好型自我怀疑)”可知，此空应是对“fawning”这个概念进行具体解释。E选项“Itmeanspleasingotherstoavoidconflict.(它意味着通过取悦他人来避免冲突)”中的it指代前文的“fawning”，且准确解释了该心理现象的定义，符合语境。故选E项。【18题详析】根据空前的“Josephsonherselfgrewupinatensehome,alwayssmoothingoverherfather’sanger.(约瑟夫森自己成长在一个气氛紧张的家庭，总是去平息父亲的怒火)”以及空后的“Peoplewhofawnconstantlymonitorothers’moods,believing,“Ican’tbeOKunlessthey’reOK.”(有讨好型自我怀疑心理的人会持续关注他人的情绪，他们认为“除非他们过得好，否则我也不会好”)”可知，此空应是讲述约瑟夫森自身经历和她作为治疗师看到的情况之间的关联。F选项“Later,asatherapist,shesawhowcommonthispatternis.(后来，作为一名治疗师，她发现这种行为模式非常普遍)”中的she指代约瑟夫森，“thispattern”指代前文她平息父亲怒火的讨好行为模式，且衔接后文对这类人群特征的描述，符合语境。故选F项。【19题详析】根据空后的“First,don’tassumeyou’vedonesomethingwrong.Pauseandaskifthestoryinyourheadisreallytrue.Second,checkyourpeople-pleasinghabits.Insteadofsaying“Noproblem”whenitactuallyis,trybeinghonest:“Thatwashardforme.”Startsmallwithsafesituations.Finally,aimforauthenticcommunication.Clearwordsbuildstrongerrelationshipsthanconstantguessing.(首先，不要认定自己做错了什么。停下来想一想，你脑子里的想法是否真的属实。其次，审视自己的讨好型习惯。当事情确实有难度时，不要说“没问题”，试着诚实表达：“这对我来说很难”。从安全的场景开始，从小事做起。最后，力求真诚沟通。清晰的言语比不断的猜测更能建立牢固的关系)”可知，此空应是引出下文给出的具体方法。C选项“Josephsonofferswaystobreakthiscycle.(约瑟夫森提供了打破这种循环的方法)”中的ways对应下文的“First”、“Second”和“Finally”引出的具体措施，“thiscycle”指代讨好型自我怀疑的心理循环，符合语境。故选C项。【20题详析】根据空前的“Josephsonremindsusthatwecannotcontrolotherpeople’shappiness.Wemightbendoverbackwardtomakeapartnersmileoraco-workerapprove,buttheirmoodsareultimatelytheirownresponsibility,notours.(约瑟夫森提醒我们，我们无法控制别人的快乐。我们可能会竭尽全力去取悦伴侣，让伴侣展露笑容，或是去获得同事的认可，但他们的情绪最终是他们自己的责任，而非我们的)”可知，此空应是对前文内容进行总结升华。G选项“Realfreedombeginswhenwestoptryingtomanagehowothersfeel.(当我们不再试图去掌控他人的感受时，真正的自由才会开始)”是对前文“无法控制他人情绪，不必为他人情绪负责”这一观点的进一步总结，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I’mthekidofMexicanswhomovedtotheUSandinherited(继承)mygreat-grandmother’slastname.Foryears,Icarriedmylastnamelikeagreat____21____.Teachersmispronouncedit,classmatescutitshort,andImyself____22____sayingitaloud.DeepdownIfelt____23____,though,becauseitwasaconstantreminderofaworldIdidnotknow.Everythingbeganto____24____thesummerafterjunioryear,whenourhistoryteacherassignedaheritageproject.Whilemyclassmates____25____storiesfromtheirgrandparentsorleafedthroughfamilyphotoalbums(相册)forinspiration,Ihadnothingto____26____.Myparentshadlittletimeordesiretorevisitthepastbecausetheywere____27____becauseoflongworkinghours.Yetcuriositykeptwhispering.Oneevening,Ifoundabox____28____withdust.Insidelayoldlettersandfadedphotographs.Amongthem,aname—Guadalupe,whatmygreat-grandmotherwascalled—appearedagainandagain.Suddenly,thepastnolongerseemed____29____;itwasallaroundme.Monthslater,ItraveledtoMexico.Atthetrainstation,Iwaswarmly____30____bymycousinsIhadonlyknownthroughemails.____31____,wefeltlikefamily.TheydrovemetothehousewhereGuadalupespentherwholelife,andsharedwithmeherstrugglesandjoys.AsIlistenedtothestories,myinsight____32____andIlostthetrackoftime.IfeltasifIwerereachingacrosstimeto____33____withher.WhenIreturnedhome,Ifoundmylastnamewasnolongera____34____label,butaheritageIshouldwelcomewith____35____.21.A.reward B.responsibility C.weight D.achievement22.A.avoided B.admitted C.kept D.regretted23.A.content B.nervous C.comfortable D.curious24.A.shift B.continue C.emerge D.work25.A.translated B.collected C.compared D.polished26.A.fightfor B.putoff C.counton D.careabout27.A.anxious B.prepared C.grateful D.exhausted28.A.loaded B.coated C.marked D.mixed29.A.impressive B.relevant C.accessible D.distant30.A.inspired B.received C.recommended D.congratulated31.A.Normally B.Fortunately C.Secretly D.Instantly32.A.deepened B.disappeared C.flashed D.followed33.A.progress B.bond C.cooperate D.consult34.A.similar B.popular C.meaningless D.faultless35.A.patience B.wisdom C.honor D.caution【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.C27.D28.B29.D30.B31.D32.A33.B34.C35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者对墨西哥姓氏从视作负担，经探寻家族历史后，转为以荣幸之心接纳这份遗产的情感转变经历。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直把自己的姓氏当作一份沉重的负担。A.reward奖励；B.responsibility责任；C.weight负担；D.achievement成就。根据下文“Teachersmispronouncedit,classmatescutitshort”可知，姓氏给作者带来诸多困扰，如同沉重的负担。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师读错它，同学简写它，我自己也避免大声说出它。A.avoided避免；B.admitted承认；C.kept保持；D.regretted后悔。根据上文“Teachersmispronouncedit,classmatescutitshort”可知，姓氏带来困扰，作者会刻意回避大声念出自己的姓氏。故选A。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在内心深处，我感到好奇，因为它总让我想起一个我一无所知的世界。A.content满足的；B.nervous紧张的；C.comfortable舒适的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文“Yetcuriositykeptwhispering”可知，此处指作者内心对姓氏背后的世界暗藏好奇。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高二后的那个夏天，一切开始转变，当时我们的历史老师布置了一个家族遗产课题。A.shift转变；B.continue继续；C.emerge出现；D.work工作。根据上文“Foryears,Icarriedmylastnamelikeagreat.”和下文“WhenIreturnedhome,Ifoundmylastnamewasnolongera

label,butaheritageIshouldwelcomewith

.”后文作者对姓氏的情感变化可知，此处指作者的心态和境遇开始发生改变。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当同学们从祖父母那里收集故事，或翻阅家庭相册寻找灵感时，我却没有任何可以依靠的东西。A.translated翻译；B.collected收集；C.compared比较；D.polished润色。根据上文“whenourhistoryteacherassignedaheritageproject”可知，同学们会从长辈处收集家族故事来完成课题。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当同学们从祖父母那里收集故事，或翻阅家庭相册寻找灵感时，我却没有任何可以依靠的东西。A.fightfor为……奋斗；B.putoff推迟；C.counton依靠；D.careabout关心。根据后文“Myparentshadlittletimeordesiretorevisitthepast”可知，作者没有相关的家族素材可以依靠来完成课题。故选C。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父母几乎没有时间和意愿回顾过去，因为长时间的工作让他们疲惫不堪。A.anxious焦虑的；B.prepared准备好的；C.grateful感激的；D.exhausted疲惫的。根据下文“becauseoflongworkinghours”可知，长时间工作会让人身心疲惫。故选D。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，我发现了一个布满灰尘的盒子。A.loaded装载；B.coated覆盖；C.marked标记；D.mixed混合。根据下文“ Insidelayoldlettersandfadedphotographs”推知，这是一个被搁置很久的盒子，被灰尘覆盖符合盒子久置的状态。故选B。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，过去似乎不再遥远，它就在我身边。A.impressive令人印象深刻的；B.relevant相关的；C.accessible可接近的；D.distant遥远的。根据后文“itwasallaroundme”可知，看到旧物后，作者感觉家族的过去不再是遥远的存在。故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在火车站，我受到了那些只通过邮件认识的表亲们的热情接待。A.inspired鼓舞；B.received接待；C.recommended推荐；D.congratulated祝贺。根据上文“Atthetrainstation”推测，表亲们在火车站热情接待作者。故选B。【31题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们立刻就有了家人的感觉。A.Normally正常地；B.Fortunately幸运地；C.Secretly秘密地；D.Instantly立刻，马上。根据上文“Atthetrainstation,Iwaswarmly

bymycousinsIhadonlyknownthroughemails.”表亲的热情接待可知，作者和表亲们初次见面就立刻有了家人的亲切感。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：听着这些故事，我的感悟不断加深，忘记了时间。A.deepened加深；B.disappeared消失；C.flashed闪现；D.followed跟随。根据上文“AsIlistenedtothestories”可知，随着了解更多曾祖母的故事，作者对家族的感悟也在不断加深。故选A。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己仿佛穿越时空，与她建立了联结。A.progress进步；B.bond建立联系；C.cooperate合作；D.consult咨询。根据上文“AsIlistenedtothestories”可知，通过聆听曾祖母的人生故事，作者感觉和素未谋面的曾祖母之间建立了跨越时空的情感联结。故选B。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，我发现我的姓氏不再是一个无意义的标签，而是一份我应该怀着荣幸接纳的遗产。A.similar相似的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.meaningless无意义的；D.faultless完美的。根据前文作者对姓氏的抗拒和后文的情感转变可知，此处指姓氏不再是毫无意义的标签。故选C。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨