2026年英语专四语法测试题及答案

2026年英语专四语法测试题及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.She______forthreehourswhenIcalledherlastnight.A.hasbeenworkingB.hadbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.worked2.______theheavyrain,thesportsmeetingwaspostponed.A.BecauseB.AsC.DuetoD.Since3.IfI______thelottery,Iwouldbuyavillanow,butIdidn’tbuyanyticket.A.wonB.hadwonC.wouldwinD.win4.Thisisthebook______Ispenttwoweeksreadinglastmonth.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.that5.______hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What6.Onlywhenyoulosesomething______itsvalue.A.yourealizeB.doyourealizeC.realizedyouD.yourealized7.Itwas______theteacherhelpedmethatIpassedtheexam.A.becauseB.forC.withD.that8.Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______50,andanumberofthem______fromthecountryside.A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is9.You______havetoldmethetruthearlier;nowit’stoolate.A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would10.Iwilltakeanumbrella______itrains.A.incaseB.incaseofC.becauseD.since二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Bytheendoflastyear,he______(write)threenovels.2.Thehouse______(build)lastyearisournewlibrary.3.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewouldnotgohiking.4.Thisisthemostinterestingbook______Ihaveeverread.5.Thenews______ourteamwonthegamespreadquickly.6.Neverbefore______(see)suchabeautifulsunset.7.Itwasnotuntilhecameback______Iwenttobed.8.Eachboyandeachgirl______(have)anewtextbooknow.9.He______(mustgo)out,forthelightisoff.10.Themoreyoupractice,______betteryouwillbeatEnglish.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.（正确/错误）2.IremembertolockthedoorwhenIlefthome.（正确/错误）3.Youshouldhavefinishedtheworkyesterday,butyoudidn’t.（正确/错误）4.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.（正确/错误）5.Idon’tknowifhewillcomeornot.（正确/错误）6.Sofastheranthatnoonecouldcatchupwithhim.（正确/错误）7.Itwasin2020whenhegraduatedfromcollege.（正确/错误）8.Noneofthestudentsareinterestedinthetopic.（正确/错误）9.Couldyouswimwhenyouwereachild?（正确/错误）10.BesidesTom,Ialsowenttotheparty.（正确/错误）四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.简述现在分词和过去分词作状语时的主要区别。2.什么是虚拟语气中的错综时间条件句？请举例说明。3.定语从句中关系代词that和which的选择规则有哪些？4.如何区分强调句和定语从句？请举例说明。五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.分析句子“Bythetimehearrivesheretomorrow,wewillhavefinishedtheproject.”的时态逻辑关系。2.判断句子“Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldnotpasstheexamnow.”是否正确，若错误请修正并说明原因。3.说明句子“Notonlydidhefinishthetask,butalsohehelpedothers.”的倒装结构适用条件及该句的倒装合理性。4.分析句子“ItwasintheparkthatImetmyoldfriendyesterday.”的强调句成分，并将其转换为非强调句形式。答案及解析一、单项选择题1.B【解析】过去完成进行时，体现“昨晚打电话时她已持续工作三小时”，动作从过去某时持续到过去某点。2.C【解析】dueto是介词短语，后接名词短语；because/as/since为连词，后接从句，heavyrain为名词短语，故选C。3.B【解析】错综时间虚拟：if从句对过去（未买彩票）用haddone，主句对现在（买别墅）用woulddo，故选B。4.D【解析】spendtimedoingsth无介词，先行词book为物且作宾语，that/which均可，此处选that。5.B【解析】whether引导主语从句可与ornot连用，if引导主语从句不能放句首，故选B。6.B【解析】only+状语从句开头，主句部分倒装，助动词do提前，故选B。7.D【解析】强调句结构itis/was...that...，强调原因状语从句，故选D。8.C【解析】thenumberof...作主语谓语单数，anumberof...作主语谓语复数，故选C。9.A【解析】shouldhavedone表“本应该做而未做”，符合“早该告知真相”，故选A。10.A【解析】incase为连词后接从句，incaseof为介词短语后接名词，itrains为从句，故选A。二、填空题1.hadwritten【解析】bytheendoflastyear为过去完成时标志，填hadwritten。2.built【解析】过去分词作定语表被动完成，house与build为被动关系，填built。3.weretorain【解析】对将来虚拟，if从句用weretodo，填weretorain。4.that【解析】先行词有最高级mostinteresting，关系代词用that，填that。5.that【解析】同位语从句解释news的内容，用that引导，填that。6.haveIseen【解析】never开头部分倒装，现在完成时，填haveIseen。7.that【解析】强调句notuntil...结构，填that。8.has【解析】each...andeach...作主语，谓语用单数，填has。9.musthavegone【解析】对过去推测用musthavedone，填musthavegone。10.the【解析】the+比较级+the+比较级固定结构，填the。三、判断题1.错误【解析】join为短暂性动词，不能与forfiveyears连用，应改为hasbeeninthearmy。2.错误【解析】remembertodo表“记得要做（未做）”，此处lefthome说明已锁门，应改为rememberlocking。3.正确【解析】shouldhavedone表“本应该做而未做”，符合语境。4.正确【解析】先行词book为物且作宾语，which/that均可，句子正确。5.错误【解析】if引导宾语从句不能与ornot连用，应改为whether。6.错误【解析】so+adj+that从句倒装需加助动词did，应为sofastdidherun。7.错误【解析】强调时间状语用that，应改为Itwasin2020that...。8.正确【解析】noneof+复数名词，谓语可侧重个体用复数，句子正确。9.正确【解析】could表过去能力，符合“小时候会游泳吗”，句子正确。10.正确【解析】besides表“除...之外还有”，符合语境，句子正确。四、简答题1.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：①逻辑关系：现在分词表主动（主语是动作发出者），如“Seeingtheteacher,hestoodup”；过去分词表被动（主语是动作承受者），如“Seenfromthetop,thecityisbeautiful”。②时间：现在分词一般式表与主句同时/先后，完成式（havingdone）表先于主句；过去分词无时间变化，表完成或状态。2.错综时间条件句指if从句与主句虚拟时间不一致。例如：“IfIhadstudiedhardlastyear（过去虚拟，用haddone）,Iwouldbeacollegestudentnow（现在虚拟，用woulddo）.”需根据各自时间调整动词形式，体现不同时间的假设。3.that与which的选择规则：①先行词有最高级、序数词、all/any等不定代词时用that；②先行词既有人又有物时用that；③非限定性定语从句不用that；④介词后不用that；⑤先行词被theonly/very修饰时用that。4.强调句与定语从句的区别：①结构：强调句是itis/was...that/who...，去掉后句子完整，如“ItwasintheparkthatImether”去掉后为“Imetherinthepark”；定语从句是先行词+关系词，去掉后句子不完整，如“ThisistheparkwhereImether”去掉后为“Thisisthepark”。②关系词：强调句用that/who，定语从句用which/where/when等。五、讨论题1.该句时态逻辑：“Bythetime”引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时（arrives）表将来（tomorrow）；主句用将来完成时（willhavefinished），表示“到从句动作发生时，主句动作已完成”。“明天他到达”是将来时间点，“完成项目”是该时间点前的动作，符合“将来的完成”时态逻辑。2.该句错误，原因是错综时间虚拟动词形式不一致。从句“Haditnotbeenforyourhelp”对过去虚拟，主句“wouldnotpasstheexamnow”对现在虚拟，需调整主句为“wouldnotbepassingtheexamnow”（现在进行虚拟）或“wouldnothavepassedtheexamnow”（结果虚拟）。正确句子：“Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldnotbepassingtheexamnow.”3.