Unit1ScienceFiction词汇讲解课件-高中英语人教版选择性

Unit1ScienceFiction

WordsandExpressionsridiculous adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的ridiculouslyadv.荒唐地;荒谬地;令人惊奇地Itisridiculoustodo...做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的Itisridiculousthat......是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的ItisridiculousthattheMarquisofWu'anmarriesintothebutcher'sdaughter'sfamily.appointment

[əˈpɔɪntmənt]n.预约；约会；委任(1)make/haveanappointmentwithsb.和某人有约byappointment按照预约(2)appointsb.(as/tobe)任命某人(为……)appointsb.todosth.指派某人去做某事appointv.任命，委派appointedadj.约定的一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Shehadfailedtokeepherappointmentforthirdtimes.2.Theycongratulatedhimonhisappointmentaschairman.___________3.HehastakenupanappointmentasProfessorofChemistry.___________二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Ihavean__________(appoint)atthedoctor’s.2.Shehasanappointment__________herfriend,butshehastochangeit.失约

任命

职位appointmentwith①

Callthesecretaryandmakean

(appoint)withthemanager.②

Ifyouareinvitedtodinner,youaresupposedtoarrivenolaterthanthe

(appoint)time.③

Anewengineerwasappointed

(deal)withtheproductsreturnedbycustomers.④

WordcamethatthecommitteeappointedMrsBrown____chairwomanoftheorganization.appointmentappointedtodealasguilty

[ˈɡɪlti]adj.内疚的，有罪的，有过失的feel/beguiltyabout/at 对...感到内疚beguiltof 犯有...罪guiltn.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行①

Johnhada

(guilt)lookonhisface,leavingallthetaskstome.②

Istillfeelguilty

thethingsIsaidtomyfatherwhenIwasateenager.③

Henrywasguilty

abusinghispowerasagovernmentofficial.guiltyaboutofsuspend

[səˈspend]vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓suspensionn.暂令停职；暂缓；推迟；延期suspend

[səˈspend]vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.___________2.Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.___________

3.Davewassuspendedfromschoolforaweek.___________4.Juliewassuspendedfromherjobshortlyaftertheincident.___________悬/挂/吊

暂停/中止

被停学

被停职dismiss

[dɪsˈmɪs]vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除dismiss/firesb.forsth.因……而解雇/开除某人dismissaln.开除，解雇①

Thesuggestionshouldnot

(dismiss)outofhand.②

Theservantwasdismissed

beinglazyanddishonest.③

OnThursday,thecompanyannouncedtheirplanto

．

该公司周四宣布计划解雇180名员工。bedismissedfordismiss180employeesdeclare vt.表明；宣称；公布declare...tobe/as...

宣布……是……Thepaintingwasdeclaredtobeaforgery.这幅画被判定为赝品。declarefor/against... 赞成/反对……Theydeclaredforequalrightsforeveryone.他们赞成人人平等的权利。Hedeclaredagainstthedecisionatthemeeting.他在会议上公开反对这个决定。

declarewaron... 向……宣战GermanydeclaredwaronFranceon1August1914.德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。Itisdeclaredthat... 宣布……Itisdeclaredthatthestudytouractivitywillbeheldnextweek.宣布研学活动将于下周举行。declarationn.声明；宣告UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights

《世界人权宣言》【单句语法填空/一句多译】(1)Theemperordeclaredwar____________hisrivalkingdominordertoexpandhisterritory.(2)Themedicalassociationdecidedtodeclare____________thenewhealthcarepolicy,arguingthatitwouldharmpublichealth.onagainst(3)在打破100米短跑的世界纪录后，这名运动员(athlete)被宣布为世界上速度最快的选手。→___________________________________________________afterbreakingtheworldrecordinthe100-meterdash.→_____________________________________________________afterhebroketheworldrecordinthe100-meterdash.[应用文写作之人物介绍]Theathletewasdeclaredtobethefastestintheworld

Itwasdeclaredthattheathletewasthefastestintheworld

whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管while 强调对比HeisaworkerwhileIamadoctor.他是工人，我是医生。whereas 强调相反Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdonot.有一些结果令人满意，然而其它的则不然。calculate

[ˈkælkjuleɪt]vt.计算；核算；预测calculateon指望；期待becalculatedtodosth.旨在做某事Itiscalculatedthat...据计算……Ithasbeencalculatedthatatleast47000jobswerelostlastyear.据估算，去年至少47000人次失去了工作。calculationn.计算；核算

calculatorn.计算器prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对advantagesanddisadvantagesstrengthsandweaknessessuperior

[suːˈpɪəriə(r)]adj.更好的；占优势的；更高的superiorto比...更好，更胜一筹superiorin在...方面优越Yourcellphoneissuperiortomineinquality.你的手机质量比我的好。---superiorityn.优越；优势；优越感(反)---inferioradj.较差的；低下的

---inferiorityn.低等；劣等；自卑besuperiorto比……更好，更胜一筹bejuniortosb.比某人年龄小/职位低beseniortosb.比某人年长/职位高beinferiortosb./sth.比……差/级别低bepriorto...先于...takeover

占上风；取而代之；接管；接手I'mgoingtotakeoverthecompanyoneday.我总有一天会接管这家公司。Trynottoletnegativethoughtstakeover.尽量别受消极的想法左右。In2001,Itookoverfromhimasgoverningmayor.2001年我接替他担任了主管市长。takeoff起飞；匆匆离开；脱下；大获成功Hernewsongreallytookoff. 她的新歌大获成功。takeon呈现；雇用；承担Weplantotakeonmoreworkers.我们打算雇用更多员工。takein吸收；吸纳；理解；欺骗；收留Plantstakeincarbondioxide. 植物吸收二氧化碳。Hewastakeninbythelie. 他被谎言欺骗了。takeup占据；开始从事；接受Hedecidedtotakeupthechallenge. 他决定接受这个挑战。①

Itwasdeclaredthathewould

thecompanyafterhisfatherretired.

据宣布他将会在他父亲退休后接管这家公司。②

Hiscareer

afterhisexcellentperformanceinthefilm.

在这部电影里有了出色表现之后，他的事业大获成功。③

Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI’ll

theburden.

前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。④

Iwas

bythesalesman

—

thecarturnedouttobeuneconomicalandunreliable.

推销员欺骗了我——那辆汽车结果既不经济又不耐用。⑤

Lookingafterherbaby

muchofhertime,butshestillmadeuseofhersparetimetolearnFrench.

照顾孩子占用了她大量时间，但是她仍然利用空闲时间来学习法语。takeovertookofftakeontakenintookupconflict

n.冲突；矛盾；抵触v.冲突，抵触conflictwith与……冲突或抵触Theseresultsconflictwithearlierfindings.这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。inconflictwithsb.和某人冲突Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。comeintoconflictwithsb.与某人发生冲突Heoftencomesintoconflictwithhisneighborsovernoise.他经常因为噪音问题和邻居发生冲突。①

Ifso,yourpointsofviewareboundtoconflict

his.②

Shefoundherself

conflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.③

Theycame

conflictwiththelocalvillagersbecauseofaheatedquarrel.④

Thechangesaresureto

theoldtraditions,sowemustgiveitasecondthought.

变化一定与旧的传统相冲突，所以我们一定要三思。withinintoconflictwithturnup

调高(音量等)；出现Hedidn’tturnupatthepartylastnight. 他昨晚没来派对。turndown 调低(音量等)；拒绝Shehadtoturndownhisinvitation. 她不得不拒绝他的邀请。turnin 上交；交还，归还Youmustturninyourkeyswhenyouleave. 离开时必须归还钥匙。turnon 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turnoff 关闭(水、煤气、电灯等)turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向turnout

关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是①

It

thatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood.

事实证明，只是看一看绿色的、生长中的东西就能减轻压力，降低血压，让人心情更好。②

Themeetinghasalreadybegun,butthechairmanhasn’t

yet.

会议已开始，但是主席还没出现。③

Idon’tunderstandwhyJohn

Mary’skindoffer.

我不明白约翰为什么拒绝玛丽善意的帮助。④

Ioften

myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadesteadyprogressinmystudies.turnsoutturnedupturneddownturntoata(n)...pace

以……的速度tosetoffatasteady/gentle/leisurelypace以稳定的╱徐缓的╱悠闲的步子出发

paceupanddown 来回踱步Shepacedupanddownoutsidetheroom.她在屋子外面来回走着。pace

[ˈpeɪs]n.速度；步伐；节奏vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏fallback 后退，撤退，退却fallbehind 落后falloff 减少；下降

falldown 跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败fallill 生病fallinlovewith 爱上Themarketfortheirproductsfellawaytoalmostnothing.他们产品的市场几乎萎缩到零。Thehousesfellawayasweleftthecity.随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。fallaway

（逐渐）减少；消失①

Thesalesofcolddrinksusually

inwinter.

冷饮的销售额在冬季通常是减少的。②

Manyforeigntourists

Chinathefirsttimetheypayavisittothisgreatcountry.

很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大的国家时，就爱上了它。③

Thebabywhoisonlytenmonthsoldcan’tstandsteadilyandfromtimetotime.

这个只有十个月大的婴儿不能平稳地站立，不时地摔倒。④

Ifyoudon’tcometoclassregularly,youwill

inyourstudies.

如果你经常不来上课，学习成绩就会落在别人后面。⑤

Butinwinter,whenleaves

trees,theyalsoflyaway.fallawayfallinlovewithfallsdownfallbehindfalloffdivision

[dɪˈvɪʒn]n.分开；分隔；差异；除（法）dividev.分开；分隔

dividedadj.有分裂的，有分歧的addvadditionnsubtractvsubtractionnmultiplyvmultiplicationndividevdivisionndividesth.between/among... 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物Let’sdividethemoneybetweenus. 我们把钱分了吧。o... 把……分成……Wecandividetheworkintosmalltasks. 我们可以把工作分成小任务。divideAbyB A除以BDivide20by5,andyou’llget4. 20除以5等于4。

(1)The____________(divide)opinionamongthecommitteemembersmadeitdifficulttoreachacompromise.(2)Theteacherdividedthebooks____________thestudentswhoneededthemmost.(3)Thetotalcost,divided____thenumberofpeople,is$50perperson.dividedamong

byurgesb.todosth. 催促某人做某事Heurgedustotakeexerciseeveryday. 他力劝我们每天锻炼。urgethat...(should)dosth. 极力主张/强调……做某事Iurgethatyou(should)thinktwicebeforeyoudecide.我极力主张你在决定前三思。Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth. 极力主张/强调……做某事Itisurgedthateveryone(should)obeytherules.人们极力主张每个人都遵守规则。

urge

[ɜːdʒ]n.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐

have/feelanurgetodosth. 有强烈的欲望做某事Ihaveanurgetotravelaroundtheworld.我有环游世界的强烈欲望。urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的urgencyn.紧急；迫切①

Ineverhad/feltanurge