Unit 5 developing ideas and presenting ideas同步练习 -2022-2023学年高中英语外研版2019选择性必修第二册

外研版（2019）选修二unit5developingideasandpresentingideas一、单词拼写1.Theblack-neckedcrane(鹤)isoneofthe_____(稀有的)speciesintheworld.2.Oneofthemostimportant_____(标准)forentryisthatapplicantsmustdesignandmaketheirownwork.3.Hewasdeterminedtogivehisfamilya_____(稳固的)andsolidbase.4.Thedial(刻度盘)recordsaveryslight_____(变化)inpressure.5.Theseregionsarehometomanyspeciesofbirdsandfish,some_____(濒临灭绝的).二、翻译题6.我们依靠有限的自然资源生存。We__________thelimitednaturalresourcesforliving.7.我代表我们学校的学生呼吁人们节约有限的自然资源。_______________studentsinourschoolIcallonpeopletosavethelimitednaturalresources.8.我把帮助我们的环境保持清洁和优美当作是我的责任。I_________________________tohelpkeepourenvironmentcleanandbeautiful.9.它会导致稀有物种的灭绝。Itwillcausethe____________________.10.太阳使地球变暖,这对于生物是十分重要的。Thesunheatstheearth,____________________tolivingthings.11.野生动物的栖息地正在减少。Thehabitatofwildanimalsis_______________.12.对我们来说,靠自己找到更好的方法是一个挑战。______________________________tofindabetterwayonourown.13.他每天回家很晚,这使他的妻子很生气。Hecomeshomelateeveryday,_________________________.14.婚姻被认为是两个家庭之间的联合,而不是两个人的。Marriage_______________theunionoftwofamilies,nottwoindividuals.15.大多数被邀请参加会议的人是我的老朋友。Mostofpeople____________________weremyoldfriends.16.那个男孩的父亲死了，留给他很多钱。①Theboy'sfatherdied,___________________________.(现在分词作结果状语）②Theboy'sfatherdied___________________________.(sothat引导结果状语从句）③Theboy'sfatherdied,___________________________,thatlefthimalotofmoney.(and引导并列句）④Theboy'sfatherdied,___________________________alotofmoney.(非限制性定语从句）三、阅读理解Peoplehavebeenwonderingwhyelephantsdonotdevelopcancereventhoughtheyhavelifespansthataresimilartohumans,livingforaround50to70years.Nowscientistsbelievetheyknowwhy.AteamattheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatelephantscarryalargenumberofgenesthatstoptumorsdeveloping.Tobeprecise,theyfound20copiesofananti-tumorgenecalledTP53inelephants.Mostotherspecies,includinghumans,onlycarryonecopy.Accordingtotheresearch,theextracopiesofthegeneimprovetheanimal'ssensitivitytoDNAdamage,whichletsthecellsquicklykillthemselveswhendamagedbeforetheycangoontoformdeadlytumors."Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolution(进化)oflargebodysizesinmanyanimals,"thestudyauthorDr.VincentLynchtoldTheGuardian.Ifeverylivingcellhasthesamechanceofbecomingcancerous,largecreatureswithalonglifespanlikewhalesandelephantsshouldhaveagreaterriskofdevelopingcancerthanhumansandmice.Butacrossspecies,theriskofcancerdoesnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass.ThisphenomenonwasfoundbyOxfordUniversityscientistRichardPetointhe1970sandlaternamed"Peto'sparadox".Biologistsbelieveitresultsfromlargeranimalsusingprotectionthatmanysmalleranimalsdonotuse.Intheelephant'scase,themakingofTP53isnature'swayofkeepingthisspeciesalive.Thestudyalsofoundthatwhenthesamegeneswerebroughttolifeinmice,theyhadthesamecancerresistanceaselephants.Thismeansresearcherscouldusethediscoverytodevelopnewtreatmentsthatcanhelpstopcancerspreadingorevendevelopinginthefirstplace."Naturehasalreadyfiguredouthowtopreventcancer,"saidJoshuaSchiffman,abiologistattheSchoolofMedicine,theUniversityofUtah."It'suptoustolearnhowdifferentanimalsdealwiththeproblemsothatwecanusethosestrategiestopreventcancerinpeople.''1.Whyareelephantsunlikelytodevelopcancer?A.Theyhavearatherlargebodysize.B.TheirgenessuffernoDNAdamage.C.Certaingenesintheirbodykillexistingtumors.D.Theycarrymanygenestopreventtumorsdeveloping.2.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenariskintheevolutionoflargeanimals?A.Deadlytumors.B.Thehugebodymass.C.Cellskillingthemselves.D.SensitivitytoDNAdamage.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"Thisphenomenon"inParagraph5probablyreferto?A.LargeranimalshaveprotectionfromTP53.B.Theriskofcancerisnotrelatedtobodysizes.C.Largeranimalssufferthesameriskofcancerassmallerones.D.Thehugeranimalsare,thebiggerriskofcancertheywillhave.4.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Dependingonnatureissurelyenoughtofightagainstcancer.B.TheTP53geneshaveprovedusefulinstoppingcancerinpeople.C.HumansareexpectedtopreventcancerwiththemakingofTP53.D.Theextracopiesofelephants'genesareusedtocurecancerpatients.四、七选五Fanners,especiallyindevelopingcountries,areoftencriticizedforcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.Researchersusingsatelliteimagesfoundatleasttenpercenttreescovermorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.①_____ThestudyfoundthemosttreecoverinSouthAmerica.

②_____NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleast.Anditalsofoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplainthetreecoverindifferentareas.③_____

Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople,andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights,marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.DennisGarrityheadstheWorldAgroforestryCenter.

④_____Theproblem,hesays,isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.Thesatelliteimagesmaynotshowwhatthefarmersareusingthetreesfor,buttreesprovidenuts,fruit,woodandotherproducts.Theyprovidewindbreaksandshade.

⑤_____Evenunderdroughtconditions,treescanoftenprovidefoodandawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.A.Almostallofitiscoveredbytrees.B.Norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations,meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.C.Hesaysfannersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.D.Hedevotesmostofhistimetomakingpeoplerealizeitsimportance.E.NextcomesAfricasouthoftheSahara,followedbySoutheastAsia.F.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossandprotectwatersupplies.G.Thatisalmosthalfthefarmlandintheworld.五、完形填空InlateJanuaryof2018,Chicagoexperiencedthecoldesttemperaturesthatthecityhasseenindecades.AgroupofhomelesspeoplethatliveinanareacalledTentCitywereleftoutsidedirectly

1

tothedeadlyweather.34-year-oldCandicePayne,was

2enoughtohaveshelterfromthedangerousconditions.

3

,shecouldn'tstopthinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleintheareawhohadnowheretogo.Eventually,she

4toseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableat

5hotelsthatshecould

6forthenightforthepeople

7inthestreet.Sowithoutwastinganytime,Paynegotonthe

8andstartedcallinghotelsinthearea.Without

9

,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwithhercreditcard.She10reachedouttopeopleonherInstagramaccountaskingifanyonewouldliketo11witheitherpayingformoreroomsor12thehomelesspeopletotheinn.Shegotimmediate13thatsurprisedher.Strangers14theircarsandSUVs.Theyalso15money,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfivenights.Payne'sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountry.However,shesaid,"Iamaregularperson.Imadeitwithsomanyothers,help."1.A.exposed

B.contributed

C.used

D.adjusted2.A.old

B.lucky

C.proud

D.strange3.A.Inshort

B.Therefore

C.However

D.Forexample4.A.required

B.promised

C.decided

D.agreed5.A.unique

B.comfortable

C.local

D.remote6.A.rent

B.purchase

C.discover

D.enter7.A.found

B.walking

C.working

D.stuck8.A.phone

B.bus

C.glasses

D.coat9.A.preparation

B.imagination

C.hesitation

D.permission10.A.then

B.still

C.just

D.again11.A.payoff

B.helpout

C.speakout

D.takeoff12.A.transporting

B.accompanying

C.devoting

D.inviting13.A.rewards

B.responses

C.achievements

D.benefits14.A.sold

B.repaired

C.searched

D.volunteered15.A.presented

B.performed

C.repeated

D.donated

参考答案1.答案：rarest2.答案：criteria3.答案：secure4.答案：variation5.答案：endangered6.答案：rely;on7.答案：On;behalf;of8.答案：regard;it;as;my;duty9.答案：extinction;of;rare;species10.答案：whichisveryimportant11.答案：on;the;decrease12.答案：Itisachallengeforus13.答案：makinghiswifeveryangry14.答案：isregardedas15.答案：invitedtotheconference16.答案：①leavinghimalotofmoney②sothatitlefthimalotofmoney③andasaresult④whichlefthim解析：①本句的现在分词为结果状语。②现在分词作结果状语时可以与sothat...引导的结果状语从句相互转换。③本句为并列句,and前后为并列关系,加上asaresult提高表达效果。④当现在分词作结果状语时,也可以转换为非限制性定语从句。阅读理解答案：1-4DABC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句AteamattheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatelephantscarryalargenumberofgenesthatstoptumorsdeveloping.可知，美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因，所以D选项是正确的。2.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolution(进化）oflargebodysizesinmanyanimals,”thestudy...可知，在大体型的动物的进化中，患癌症的风险增加。由此可知，它们进化中致命的肿瘤是极大的威胁，所以A选项是正确的。3.推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Butacrossspecies,theriskofcancerdoesnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass.可知Thisphenomenon指的是物种患癌症的几率和它们的体型没有关系，所以B选项是正确的。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句It'suptoustolearnhowdifferentanimalsdealwiththeproblemsothatwecanusethosestrategiestopreventcancerinpeople.可知，我们可以使用那些策略来预防人类得癌症。而根据倒数第三段最后一句Intheelephant'scase,themakingofTP53isnature'swayofkeepingthisspeciesalive.可知，TP53的形成是让大象存活的自然方法。由此推知，人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。所以C选项是正确的。七选五答案：①-⑤GEBCF解析：①根据设空处的前一句“Researchersusingsatelliteimagesfoundatleasttenpercenttreescovermorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.”可知,此处在说树木在农田中的覆盖量的问题，G项“那几乎是世界上农田的一半。”符合上下文语境。故选G。②根据设空处前后可知，此处在说树木在世界各地的覆盖率的排名。E项“接下来是撒哈拉以南的非洲，然后是东南亚。”符合语境。故选E。③根据设空处的前一句“Anditalsofoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplainthetreecoverindifferentareas.”可知，此处在讲述造成不同地区树木覆盖率不同的因素。B项“附近的人口规模也不能意味着人和树木可以共存。”是在讨论人口和树木的关系，符合上下文语境。故选B。④根据设空处后一句“Theproblem,hesays,isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.”可知，问题在于政策制定者和规划者迟迟不承认这一点，并不支持这种努力。C项“他说农民们正在采取行动独自保护和种植树木。”讲的是现在农民做出的努力，与后文承接，故选C。⑤根据设空处所在段的内容可知，这里在讲述树木的用途，F项“它们还有助于防止土壤流失和保护水供应。”也是树木的一个重要作用，所以F项内容符合上下文语境，故选F。完形填空答案：1-5.ABCCC;6-10.BDACA;11-15.BABDD解析：1.句意:一群住在被称为帐篷城地区的无家可归的人被留在外面,直接暴露在致命的天气中。contribute贡献;use使用;adjust调整。短语beexposedto被暴露在……,句中作状语。2.句意:34岁的坎迪斯·佩恩非常幸运,拥有躲避处而避免了危险的状况。old年老的;proud骄傲的;strange奇怪的。根据haveshelterfromthedangerousconditions可知,她很幸运(lucky),有躲避处避寒。3.句意:然而(however),她无法停止想起该地区那些无家可归的人,他们无处可去