【高考真题】2024年北京卷英语真题（含答案）

第第页【高考真题】2024年北京卷英语真题一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。​​​​​​​I'djustarrivedatschool,readyforanotherschoolday.Iwasreadingabookintheclassroomwhentherewasan1．."Todayat1:10therewillbeauditions(面试)foramusical."Myfriendsalljumpedupinexcitementandaskedme,"Willyoubegoing,Amy?""Sure,"Isaid.Ihadno2．indrama,butI'dtryoutbecausemyfriendsweredoingit.At1:10,therewasa3．outsidethedramaroom.Everyonelookedenergetic.Ihadn'texpectedI'dbestandingtherethatmorning.ButnowthatIwasdoingit,I4．feltnervous.WhatifIwasn'tanygood?Ienteredtheroomandtheteachersmademesaysomelinesfromthemusical.Theythen5．mysingingskillsandaskedwhatroleIwantedtoplay.Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme.IfeltlikeIhada6．,soIsaid,"Abigrole."Theysaidthey'dlookintoit.Istartedgettingreallynervous.WhatifIdidn'tgetamainrole?Soon,thecastlistwas7．.Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting,"Amy,yougotthemainrole!"Sureenough,mynamewasatthetop.Ijuststaredatitandstartedto8．.Iwassohappy.Aftertwomonthswewereallpreparedandreadytogoonstage.Itwasfun.Andwhenpeoplestarted9．,thatgavemeaboostofconfidence.Itstayedwithmeandmademefeel10．.Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeanssteppingoutofmycomfortzone.1．A．assignment B．initiative C．announcement D．interview2．A．hesitancy B．interest C．worry D．regret3．A．game B．show C．play D．line4．A．suddenly B．continuously C．originally D．generally5．A．advertised B．tested C．challenged D．polished6．A．demand B．credit C．dream D．chance7．A．traded B．posted C．questioned D．claimed8．A．wellup B．rollin C．standout D．gooff9．A．whispering B．arguing C．clapping D．stretching10．A．funnier B．fairer C．cleverer D．braver二、A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Slowingdowncancontributesignificantlytopersonalgrowth.Takingthetime11．(rest)allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof12．(self-aware).Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand13．(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.Topractisethis,weneedtoestablishclear14．(boundary)inourpersonalandprofessionallife.三、B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood15．(name)theworld'soldestlivingman.Andwhen16．(ask)abouthisnewtitle,hesharedthesecret:moderation(适度).Tinniswood,17．doesn'tsmokeandrarelydrinks,creditedmoderationforhelpinghimstayhealthyduringhislonglife."Ifyoueattoomuchordotoomuchofanything,you'regoingtosuffereventually,"hesaid.四、C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Oneday,IsawaboywalkingalongGeorgeStreetwithanarmfulofbooks.Ithought18．myself,"Whywouldhecarryallhisbooks?"Justthen,somekidsranathim,19．(knock)hisbooksoutofhisarms.Hisglasseswentflyingandlandedinthegrass.Myheartwentouttohim,andI20．(jog)overtohim.AsIhandedhimtheglasses,helookedatmeandsaid,"Thanks!"五、ATheLanguageExchangeProgrammeallowsstudentsinpairstocommunicateintwodifferentlanguagestheywishtoshareandlearneachweek.Studentsrecordshortentriesaftereachpartnermeetingnotingthelanguageskillspractisedandthetopicsdiscussed.Eachpairofstudentsmeetsthreetimesthroughoutthetermwithateacherwhodecidesiftheexchangeiseffective.Studentswhosuccessfullycompletetheprogrammewillreceiveonecrediteach.Requirementsforcompletion:•OnewelcomingsessiononthesecondFridayoftheterm•18weeklyone-hourpairmeetings•Weeklyprogressreportsforallpairmeetings•Atleastthreepair-teachermeetings•Onefive-minutefinalvideoSignup!Thesign-upandregistrationprocessisasfollows:•Studentssignupandindicatethelanguagestheycanshareandlanguagestheyareinterestedinlearning.•Basedontheinformationenteredbyeachstudent,potentialpairsareidentified.•Proficiency(熟练)levelsareconfirmedthroughcourseworkorplacementtests.•Onceapairhasbeendeterminedtobesuitable,thestudentswillbecontactedindividuallywithaspecialpermissionnumbertoregisterfortheprogramme.Reminders:Signingupfortheprogrammedoesnotautomaticallymeanthatyouwillbeabletoregisterandparticipate.Pairsarematchedbylanguagesofinterestandproficiencylevels.Sincetherearemanyfactorsinvolvedinthepairingprocess,notallstudentswhosignupwillbematchedwithapartnerandbeabletoregisterfortheprogramme.21．Intheprogramme,studentswill_________.A．chairdailymeetings B．evaluatetheexchangeC．meetteacherseachweek D．practisetheirlanguageskills22．Tocompletetheprogramme,studentsarerequiredto_________.A．developmenttests B．participateinpairmeetingsC．welcomenewstudents D．workonweeklyvideos23．Whatdostudentsneedtododuringtheregistration?A．Indicatetheirlanguagesofinterest.B．Selecttheirowncoursework.C．Makeindividualcontact.D．Choosetheirpartners.六、B​​​​​​​WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilikeddrawing,freelyandjoyouslymakingmarksonthewallsathome.Inprimaryschool,Ilearnedtowriteusingchalks.Writingseemedtobeanotherformofdrawing.Ishapedindividuallettersintorepeatinglines,whichwereabstractforms,delightfulbutmeaninglesspatterns.Insecondaryschool,artwasmyfavouritesubject.SinceIloveditsomuchIthoughtIwasgoodatit.FortheartO-levelexamIhadtopresentanoilpainting.Ifounditdifficult,butstillhopedtopass.Ifailed,withalowgrade.I'dbeenover-confident.NowI'dbeendeclaredtalentless.Butotherchannelsofcreativitystayedopen:Iwentonwritingpoemsandstories.Still,Iwenttoexhibitionsoften.Icontinuedmyhabitualdrawing,whichInowcharacterisedaschildishdoodling(乱画).Inmy30s,Imadepainterfriendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatart.However,Icouldn'tletmyselfhaveagoatactuallydoingit.Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoilpaints,orwereprintmakersorsculptors,Itookoilpaintingasthetaboo(禁忌)highformIwasn'tallowedtopractice.Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamedthatabigwomaninredapproachedme,handedmeabagofpaints,andtoldmetostartpainting.Thedreamfeltsoauthoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy,givingmebacksomethingI'dlost.Accordingly,Istartedbyexperimentingwithwatercolours.Finally,Iboughtsomeoilpaints.AlthoughIhaveenjoyedbreakingmydecades-longtabooaboutworkingwithoilpaints,IhavediscoveredInowpreferchalksandink.IletmylinedrawingsturnintocartoonsIsendtofriends.Itallfeelsfreeandeasy.Un-anxious.Thistimearound,Icanacceptmylimitationsbutkeepgoing.Becomingasuccessfulpaintercallsforbeingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraidofwantingtoomuch.Thatdreamremindedmethatthosefearsanddesirescouldencouragemetotakerisksandmakeexperiments.24．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresultoftheartexam?A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged.25．Inher30s,theauthor_________.A．avoidedoilpaintingpractice B．soughtforapaintingcareerC．fanciedabstractpainting D．exhibitedchildpaintings26．Whichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor'sdream?A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B．Hardworkisthemotherofsuccess.C．Dreamsarethereflectionsofrealities.D．Creativeactivitiesinvolvebeingconfident.七、CThenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse'svideogameisirresistibletomany.Searchingtheterm"simulationhypothesis"(模拟假说)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation—aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherit'strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge.The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryroleinstructuringandshapingourperceptions.Modernscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworldistheresultofmanystagesofprocessingbysensorysystemsandcognitive(认知的)functionsinthebrain.Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenswithinthisblackbox.Ifempirical(实证的)experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon'trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturalandpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox.So,ifweacceptthattheuniverseisunknowable,wealsoacceptwewillneverknowifweliveinacomputersimulation.Andthen,wecanshiftourinquiryfrom"Istheuniverseacomputersimulation?"to"Canwemodeltheuniverseasacomputersimulation?"Modellingrealityiswhatwedo.Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld,webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous.InNewton'sera,weimaginedtheuniverseasaclock.InEinstein's,weuncoveredthestandardmodelofparticle(粒子)physics.Nowthatweareintheinformationage,wehavenewconceptssuchasthecomputer,informationprocessing,virtualreality,andsimulation.Unsurprisingly,thesenewconceptsinspireustobuildnewmodelsoftheuniverse.Modelsarenotthereality,however.Thereisnopointinarguingiftheuniverseisaclock,asetofparticlesoranoutputofcomputation.Allthesemodelsaretoolstodealwiththeunknownandtomakediscoveries.Andthemoretoolswehave,themoreeffectiveandinsightfulwecanbecome.Itcanbeimaginedthatcomparabletotheprocessofbuildingpreviousscientificmodels,developingthe"computersimulation"metaphor-basedmodelwillalsobeahugelyrewardingexercise.28．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodobychallengingahypothesis?A．Makeanassumption. B．Illustrateanargument.C．Giveasuggestion. D．Justifyacomparison.29．Whatdoesthephrase"contingenton"underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A．Acceptedby. B．Determinedby. C．Awakenedby. D．Discoveredby.30．AsforKant'sargument,theauthoris_________.A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving31．Itisimpliedinthispassagethatweshould_________.A．comparethecurrentmodelswiththepreviousonesB．continueexploringtheclassicalmodelsinhistoryC．stoparguingwhethertheuniverseisasimulationD．turnsimulationsoftheuniverseintorealitiesup.八、DFranzBoas'sdescriptionofInuit(因纽特人)lifeinthe19thcenturyillustratestheprobablemoralcodeofearlyhumans.Here,norms(规范)wereunwrittenandrarelyexpressedclearly,butwerewellunderstoodandtakentoheart.Dishonestandviolentbehavioursweredisapprovedof;leadership,marriageandinteractionswithothergroupswerelooselygovernedbytraditions.Conflictwasoftenresolvedinmusicalbattles.Becausearguingangrilyleadstochaos,itwasstronglydiscouraged.WithlifeintheunforgivingNorthernCanadabeingsodemanding,theInuit'spracticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.Thesimilarityofmoralvirtuesacrossculturesisstriking,eventhoughtherelativerankingofthevirtuesmayvarywithasocialgroup'shistoryandenvironment.Typically,crueltyandcheatingarediscouraged,whilecooperation,humblenessandcouragearepraised.Theseuniversalnormsfarpre-datetheconceptofanymoralisingreligionorwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerootedinthesimilarityofbasichumanneedsandoursharedmechanismsforlearningandproblemsolving.Oursocialinstincts(本能)includetheintensedesiretobelong.Theapprovalofothersisrewarding,whiletheirdisapprovalisstronglydisliked.Thesesocialemotionsprepareourbrainstoshapeourbehaviouraccordingtothenormsandvaluesofourfamilyandourcommunity.Moregenerally,socialinstinctsmotivateustolearnhowtobehaveinasociallycomplexworld.Themechanisminvolvesarepurposedrewardsystemoriginallyusedtodevelophabitsimportantforself-care.Ourbrainsusethesystemtoacquirebehaviouralpatternsregardingsaferouteshome,efficientfoodgatheringanddangerstoavoid.Goodhabitssavetime,energyandsometimesyourlife.Goodsocialhabitsdosomethingsimilarinasocialcontext.Welearntotellthetruth,evenwhenlyingisself-serving;wehelpagrandparentevenwhenitisinconvenient.Weacquirewhatwecallasenseofrightandwrong.Socialbenefitsareaccompaniedbysocialdemands:wemustgetalong,butnotputupwithtoomuch.Henceself-disciplineisadvantageous.Inhumans,agreatlyenlargedbrainboostsself-control,justasitboostsproblem-solvingskillsinthesocialaswellasthephysicalworld.Theseabilitiesarestrengthenedbyourcapacityforlanguage,whichallowssocialpracticestodevelopinextremelyunobviousways.32．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheformingoftheInuit'smoralcode?A．Livingconditionswerethedrive. B．Unwrittenruleswerethetarget.C．Socialtraditionwasthebasis. D．Honestywasthekey.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Inconveniencesarethecauseoftellinglies.B．Basichumanneedsleadtouniversalnorms.C．Languagecapacityislimitedbyself-control.D．Writtenlawshavegreatinfluenceonvirtues.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Virtues:BridgesAcrossCultures B．TheValuesofSelf-disciplineC．Brains:WallsAgainstChaos D．TheRootsofMorality九、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehog(刺猬)orafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.35．Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the"hedgehogconcept"isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.36．Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.37．PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.38．Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon'tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.39．Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople'smistakes.C.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.D.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.E.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers'reactionsandinputs.F.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon'ttreatitasexceptional.G.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.十、第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Growingup,Iidealisedindependence.Ialwayswantedmyowneffortstobeenough.WhenIdecidedtopursueapostgraduatedegree,Iwantedtodevelopanovelresearchprogrammeandquicklyestablishmyselfasanindependentscientist.ButIwasunrealisticallyoptimisticaboutwhatIcouldachieve.AsIbegandesigningexperiments,mycommitteememberswarnedmeaboutthechallengesIwouldface.Butmyneedforindependencedrovemetopushforwardwithmyresearchplan.Asaresult,thefirstfouryearsofmypostgraduatecareerweredefinedbyaseriesoffailures.Duringmysecondyear,Ifailedmycomprehensiveexambecausemyproposalwasunclear.Duringmythirdyear,Idiscoveredthataftertreatingthousandsofseeds,IobtainedjustoneplantIcoulduseforexperiments.Bymyfourthyear,mydesperationtosucceedovershadowedmydesireforindependence.MyadviserandIdevised(想出)asomewhatunusualsolution:Iwouldspendthreemonthsinacollaborating(合作的)labtoobtainspecialisedtraining.Iworkedextensivelywithotherstudents,constantlyaskedquestions,andhelpedwithongoingprojectstolearneverythingIcould.Finally,Iconductedanelegantexperimentthatwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpofthemembersinthelab.Myadvisersawthisexperienceasagroundbreakingsuccess,emphasisingthecollaboratingskillsIacquired.Afewmonthslater,whenIrepeatedtheexperimentinmyhomelab,Iproducedmorepublishabledata.Bylearningwhentoaskforhelp,Ieventuallyfoundmyselfonthewaytobecominganindependentscientist.40．Inthebeginning,whatdrovetheauthortopushforwardwiththeresearchplan?41．Whatwasthesolutionbytheadviserandtheauthorafterthoserepeatedfailures?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.→Theadviserconsideredtheauthor'sexperienceinthelabagroundbreakingsuccessbecausepublishabledatahadbeenproduced.43．Fromthisstory,whatcanyoulearnabout"independence"?(Inabout40words)十一、第二节(20分)44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim准备给其校报的AsiaToday栏目投稿。得知今年新中国成立75周年，他打算重点介绍中国的发展成就，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：(1)建议投稿内容；(2)就以上建议简要说明理由。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

答案解析部分【答案】1．C；2．B；3．D；4．A；5．B；6．D；7．B；8．A；9．C；10．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参加音乐剧面试并获得主角的经历，传达了勇于尝试新事物、走出舒适区能带来乐趣与成长的道理。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。1．句意：我正在教室里看书，这时有一则公告。A：assignment"任务"；B：initiative"倡议"；C：announcement"公告"；D：interview"面试"。根据下文"Todayat1:10therewillbeauditionsforamusical."今天1点10分将有音乐剧的试镜。可推知，此处指作者正在教室里看书，这时作者听到有一则公告。故选C。2．句意：我对戏剧没有兴趣，但是因为朋友们都在做，我也决定尝试一下。A：hesitancy"犹豫"；B：interest"兴趣"；C：worry"担心"；D：regret"懊悔"。根据空后"butI'dtryoutbecausemyfriendsweredoingit"可推知，此处指作者虽然对戏剧没有兴趣，但因为朋友们都在做，所以作者也决定尝试一下。故选B。3．句意：在1:10的时候，戏剧室外面排起了队。A：game"游戏"；B：show"展览"；C：play"游戏"；D：line"队伍"。根据下文"Everyonelookedenergetic.Ihadn'texpectedI'dbestandingtherethatmorning."每个人看起来都精力充沛。我没想到那天早上我会站在那里。可知，此处指戏剧室外面排起了队。故选D。4．句意：但是现在我正在排队的时候，我突然感到紧张。A：suddenly"突然"；B：continuously"连续不断地"；C：originally"起初"；D：generally"通常"。根据空前"ButnowthatIwasdoingit,"；以及下文"WhatifIwasn'tanygood?"如果我不好怎么办？可推知，此处指作者在排队的过程中突然感到紧张。故选A。5．句意：然后他们测试了我的唱歌技巧，问我想要演什么角色。A：advertised"为……做广告"；B：tested"测验"；C：challenged"挑战"；D：polished"润色"。根据上文"Ienteredtheroomandtheteachersmademesaysomelinesfromthemusical."以及下文"Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme."我走进教室，老师让我说出音乐剧中的几句台词。可推知，此处指作者进入戏剧室后，老师们让作者说几句音乐剧中的台词，测试作者的唱歌技巧，并对作者的表现很满意。故选B。6．句意：我感觉我有机会，所以我说"一个重要的角色"。A：demand"需求"；B：credit"信用"；C：dream"梦想"；D：chance"机会"。根据上文"Theteachersweresmilingandpraisingme."老师们微笑着赞美我。可知，作者得到老师的表扬，所以此处指作者觉得自己有机会扮演音乐剧主角。故选D。7．句意：不久演员表就被张贴了出来。A：traded"交易"；B：posted"张贴"；C：questioned"询问"；D：claimed"宣称"。根据下文"Myfriendscheckedandcamebackshouting,‘Amy,yougotthemainrole!'Sureenough,mynamewasatthetop."我的朋友们检查了一下，然后喊道："Amy，你演主角了！"果然，我的名字在上面。可推知，此处指很快演员表就被张贴了出来，作者在名单最上边。故选B。8．句意：我只是盯着它，然后情绪开始迸发。A：wellup"(情绪)迸发"；B：rollin"(金钱等)大量涌进"；C：standout"脱颖而出"；D：gooff"爆炸"。根据下文"Iwassohappy"我太高兴了。可推知，此处指作者盯着演员表看，然后情绪开始迸发，感觉很开心。故选A。9．句意：然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心。A：whispering"耳语"；B：arguing"争吵"；C：clapping"鼓掌"；D：stretching"伸展"。根据空后"thatgavemeaboostofconfidence"以及常识可推知，此处指人们的掌声增强了作者的信心。故选C。10．句意：它一直伴随着我，让我感到更勇敢。A：funnier"更有趣的"；B：fairer"更公平的"；C：cleverer"更聪明的"；D：braver"更勇敢的"。根据上文"Andwhenpeoplestarted9,thatgavemeaboostofconfidence."然后人们开始鼓掌，这给了我信心；以及下文"Irealisedthatbytryingsomethingnew,Icanhavefun—evenifitmeanssteppingoutofmycomfortzone."我意识到，通过尝试新事物，我可以获得乐趣——即使这意味着走出我的舒适区。可推知，人们的掌声给了作者信心，这使得作者感觉更勇敢，可以走出舒适区，通过尝试新事物获得乐趣。故选D。【答案】11．torest；12．self-awareness；13．gives；14．boundaries【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了放慢节奏对个人成长有显著帮助，它能让我们更深入地了解自己，反思思想和情绪，从而做出正确选择，为此我们需要在个人生活和职业生活中设定明确的界限。

【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，时态，主谓一致，名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。11．句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。rest"花费"，动词。结合固定短语take(the)timetodosth."花时间做某事"，所以此处应用动词不定式形式。故填torest。12．句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。self-aware"自知的"，形容词。此处作介词of的宾语，应用其名词self-awareness"自我意识"。senseofself-awareness固定短语，"自我意识"。故填self-awareness。13．句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。give"给"，此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。14．句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。boundary"边界，界限"，可数名词根据空后inourpersonalandprofessionallife可知，此处应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。【答案】15．wasnamed；16．asked；17．who【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2024年4月5日，JohnTinniswood被命名为世界上在世最长寿的男性，他将自己的长寿归因于适度原则，认为过度饮食或行为最终会导致不良后果。

【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，省略，定语从句等知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。15．句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。name"命名"，谓语动词。根据时间状语OnApril5,2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；且与主语JohnTinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语JohnTinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填wasnamed。16．句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，ask"问"，动词。when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态beasked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的"主语+be动词"可以省略。故填asked。17．句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。doesn'tsmokeandrarelydrinks是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。【答案】18．to；19．knocking；20．jogged【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者看到一个男孩抱着一堆书走在街上，被其他孩子撞到书散落一地，作者心生同情并跑过去帮忙捡起眼镜，男孩对作者表示感谢，展现了人与人之间的善意与互助。

【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，非谓语动词，时态等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。18．句意：我心想，"他为什么要把所有的书都拿着？"thinktooneself固定短语，"心想，暗想"，故填to。19．句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。knock"撞"，动词，句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语somekids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。20．句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。jog"慢跑"，动词。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。【答案】21．D22．B23．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了语言交换项目（TheLanguageExchangeProgramme）的相关信息，包括项目内容、完成要求、报名注册流程以及相关提醒，旨在让学生了解如何参与该项目以及参与所需满足的条件。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。21．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"TheLanguageExchangeProgrammeallowsstudentsinpairstocommunicateintwodifferentlanguagestheywishtoshareandlearneachweek.Studentsrecordshortentriesaftereachpartnermeetingnotingthelanguageskillspractisedandthetopicsdiscussed."语言交流项目让学生们两人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目，指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题。可知，在这个项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据Requirementsforcompletion部分中的"18weeklyone-hourpairmeetings"每周18次一小时的配对会议。可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被要求参加配对会议。故选B。23．细节理解题。根据Signup部分中的"Studentssignupandindicatethelanguagestheycanshareandlanguagestheyareinterestedinlearning."学生们报名参加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的语言。可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣的语言。故选A。【答案】24．C25．A26．B27．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者自幼喜爱绘画，中学时因油画考试失利而认为自己没有天赋，此后虽继续写作、看展和随意涂画，但将油画视为禁忌不敢尝试，直到四十多岁受梦境激励开始作画，最终发现自己更喜欢粉笔和墨水，意识到成为成功画家需要坚定，而那个梦让自己明白恐惧和欲望能促使自己去冒险和尝试。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。24．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Ifounditdifficult,butstillhopedtopass.Ifailed,withalowgrade.I'dbeenover-confident.NowI'dbeendeclaredtalentless."我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了；并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历，可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Inmy30s,Imadepainterfriendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatart."在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法；以及"Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoilpaints,orwereprintmakersorsculptors,Itookoilpaintingasthetaboo(禁忌)highformIwasn'tallowedtopractice."虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习。可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Thedreamfeltsoauthoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy,givingmebacksomethingI'dlost."这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西，可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据第六段中的"Becomingasuccessfulpaintercallsforbeingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraidofwantingtoomuch."成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多；以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。【答案】28．C29．B30．A31．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，"模拟假说"虽无法证实宇宙是否为计算机模拟，但可借此推动科学认知；通过接受宇宙不可知，将研究转向能否将宇宙建模为计算机模拟，指出建模是理解世界的手段，不同时代有不同模型，新信息时代概念启发新宇宙模型，虽模型非现实，但作为工具能助力探索未知，且基于"计算机模拟"隐喻的建模也将极具价值。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Searchingtheterm‘simulationhypothesis'(模拟假说)returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverseisacomputersimulation——aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnotascientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherit'strue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvancescientificknowledge."搜索"模拟假说"这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识。可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C。29．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的"Ifempirical(实证的)experiencefailstorevealreality,reasoningwon'trevealrealityeithersinceitreliesonconceptsandwordsthatarecontingentonoursocial,culturalandpsychologicalhistories.Again,ablackbox."如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingenton我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语。可知，此处that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词conceptsandwords，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推知划线短语contingenton表示"取决于"，故选B。30．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthatareunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionth