北京2023年高考英语真题（含答案）

第第页北京2023年高考英语真题一、第一部分，知识运用，第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven1．,soitwassurprisingI'd2．toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice—towriteafiveessayon"WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass".Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though,Itookmytimepettingthecat—postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto3．,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4．.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,"Sheusedtotalkinclass."Thepagesbegan5．.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6．,"Fivepages!That'simpossible!""Well,you'dbettergetbacktowork,"shesaid,"andIwanttoreaditwhenyou'rethrough."Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda7．—atleastan"Ihopeyou'velearnedyourlesson".8．,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9．theyweren'tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10．stillneededsomenudging(激发),butIdidlearnIwasn'tshyinprint.1．A．freer B．shyer C．calmer D．happier2．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat3．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read4．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing5．A．standingout B．flyingbyC．breakingup D．checkingin6．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning7．A．lecture B．reason C．reward D．solution8．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Meanwhile D．Instead9．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict10．A．patience B．confidence C．tolerance D．independence二、第一部分，知识运用，第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I'mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I11．(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup12．(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance,Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest13．(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Mangroves,knownas"redforest"inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterizedbytheircomplexroots.When14．(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect15．(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas"coastalguardians".Uptonow,China16．(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention17．globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,18．thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction19．(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld20．(face)"toolittlewaterortoodirtywater".Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled"RunBlue".三、第二部分，阅读理解，第一节，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读理解TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(冲刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic-specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport-basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants•Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.•Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.•Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.•Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.•Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.•Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.•Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).•Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21．Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill____.A．createchangeintheircommunityB．attendavirtuallearningprogrammeC．meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD．promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22．IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto____.A．completeareflectiontaskeachweekB．watchsportsontheIOCchannelC．workonasport-basedprojectD．coachandadvisetheirpeers23．Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A．Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B．Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.C．Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D．Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.阅读理解Sittinginthegardenformyfriend'sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振动)inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender'sname.Theemailstartedoff:"DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest"and"thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected."Itendedwith"Wearesorrytoinformyou..."andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn't.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(视角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I'velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon'tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.24．Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender'sname?A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled.25．AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto____.A．criticizethereviewprocessB．staylongerintheSaharaDesertC．applytotheoriginalprojectagainD．puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork26．Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas____.A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing27．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Aninvitationisareputation.B．Aninnovationisaresolution.C．Arejectioncanbearedirection.D．Areflectioncanbearestriction.阅读理解Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld'smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere"onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow".Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter'sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People'shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:"It'scoldthiswinter,soIneedn'tworryaboutglobalwarming."Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn'tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective"poormemory",andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28．TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto____.A．drawacomparison B．introduceatopicC．evaluateastatement D．highlightaproblem29．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B．Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C．Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D．Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B．Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C．Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.D．Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.阅读理解Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife—calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout"thepoint"ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays."Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything,"Alansays."Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife?'Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?'"AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasisingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof"noveltygenerator".TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless"creativity"insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAI,advancesinALifearehardertorecognise.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31．RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris____.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful32．Whatdoestheword"enamored"underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?四、第二部分，阅读理解，第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。It'sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35．WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they'reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36．Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37．Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon'tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.38．Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39．Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organizationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it'snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They'reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.五、第三部分，书面表达，第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(触发)bythesecues.A"habitloop(环)"isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward—thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it'snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep-rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it'spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre-evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon't).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40．Howarehabitsbuilt?41．Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?42．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.→Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweeks,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.43．Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)六、第三部分，书面表达，第二节（20分）44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以"绿色北京"为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.活动形式；2.活动内容。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,……Yours,LiHua

答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．D；3．C；4．A；5．B；6．C；7．A；8．D；9．C；10．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了原本羞怯的作者因在课堂上讲话被老师要求写一篇关于"为什么我不应该在课堂上讲话"的文章，作者在写作过程中逐渐克服羞怯，最终发现自己在文字表达上并不羞怯的故事，体现了写作帮助作者克服羞怯、发现自我的过程。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。1．句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A：freer"更自由的"；B：shyer"更害羞的"；C：calmer"更冷静的"；D：happier"更高兴的"。根据上文"Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的)"我总是很害羞；以及空前"even"可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以刚到新学校更加害羞了，故选B。2．句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A：nod"点头"；B：point"指"；C：listen"听"；D：chat"闲聊"。根据下文"NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon‘WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass'."现在我在付出代价——就"我为什么不应该在班里说话"写一篇五页的文章；以及空后"WhenIfinallysatdownto3,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.."当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了Black老师想听的理由。可知，Black老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，可推知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。3．句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A：weep"哭泣"；B：rest"休息"；C：write"写"；D：read"读"。根据上文"NowIwaspayingtheprice—towriteafiveessayon‘WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass'."现在我在付出代价——就"我为什么不应该在班里说话"写一篇五页的文章。可知，此处表示我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。4．句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A：learning"学习"；B：playing"玩"；C：planning"计划"；D：laughing"笑"。根据上文"NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon‘WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass'.Thatwouldtakeallnight!"现在，我正在付出代价——写一篇五页的论文，题目是"为什么我不应该在课堂上发言"。那得熬一整夜啊！；以及"WhenIfinallysatdownto3,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear."当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。5．句意：书页开始飞逝。A：standingout"突出"；B：flyingby"飞越，飞逝"；C：breakingup"分手"；D：checkingin"登记"。根据上文"WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I'dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,‘Sheusedtotalkinclass.'"若非我放弃了教育，我可能会选择偷窃，进而入狱。出狱后，人们会说，"她以前上课爱讲话。"可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用flyby来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。6．句意：句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，"五页！这不可能！"A：celebrating"庆祝"；B：longing"渴望"；C：complaining"抱怨"；D：warning"警告"。根据空后"Fivepages!That'simpossible!"可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。7．句意：我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句"我希望你已经吸取了教训"。A：lecture"说教"；B：reason"原因"；C：reward"奖励"；D：solution"解决办法"。根据空后"atleastan‘Ihopeyou'velearnedyourlesson'."可知，"我希望你已经吸取了教训"这是一种说教，故选A。8．句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。A：Therefore"因此"；B：Moreover"此外"；C：Meanwhile"同时"；D：Instead"代替，反而"。根据上文"Ihalfexpecteda7﹣atleastan‘Ihopeyou'velearnedyourlesson'."我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句"我希望你已经吸取了教训"；以及空后"mumlaughedandlaughedassheread."内容相反，应用instead，故选D。9．句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A：hope"希望"；B：imagine"想象"；C：tell"告诉，看出，判断出，区分"；D：predict"预计"。根据空后"theyweren'tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory."可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。10．句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的时候并不害羞。A：patience"耐心"；B：confidence"自信"；C：tolerance"忍受"；D：independence"独立"。根据空后"stillneededsomenudging(激发),butIdidlearnIwasn'tshyinprint."；以及上文"Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的)."我总是很羞怯。羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推动，故选B。【答案】11．threw；12．exactly；13．arrived/hadarrived【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者从英国搬到瑞士和法国后，在举办或参加聚会时因不同国家对守时规则的差异而产生的经历，表明每种文化都有不成文的规则，尤其是在守时方面存在文化差异。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，副词等知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。11．句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一场乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时到场时，我感到非常惊讶。throw"举行聚会"，是谓语动词。此处与wasgreatlysurprised并列，作句子的谓语。根据was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。12．句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一场乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时到场时，我感到非常惊讶。exact"确切的"，形容词。此处修饰介词短语ontime应用其副词exactly"精确地"，作状语，故填exactly。13．句意：多年以后，我搬到法国。我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。arrive"到达"，是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词。上文描述的是过去发生的事情，该处应使用一般过去时；也可以理解为find是过去发现，arrived的动作发生在"发现"以前，即"过去的过去"，应使用过去完成时。故填arrived/hadarrived。【答案】14．seen；15．cities；16．hasestablished【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了红树林（中国称之为"红森林"）生长于海陆之间、根系复杂的特点，及其能够削弱海浪、保护城市免受沿海风侵袭的作用，并指出中国目前已建立了多个红树林保护区。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，时态以及主谓一致等知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。14．句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。see"看见"，动词。本句已有谓语动词appear，所以此空为非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语themangroveforests构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，故填seen。15．句意：红树林有助于削弱海浪，保护城市免受海风的侵袭。city"城市"，可数名词，空前没有任何限定成分，因此应用其复数形式表泛指，作宾语，故填cities。16．句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了很多红树林保护区。establish"建立"，是谓语动词。根据时间状语由Uptonow可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has。故填hasestablished。【答案】17．to；18．where；19．toaddress；20．facing【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了Nina在32个国家跑过马拉松，其跑步活动旨在唤起人们对全球水问题的关注；她最近在芝加哥完成了为期一年的系列跑步活动，并呼吁采取行动解决世界各地人们面临的缺水或水污染问题，她的努力还鼓励了其他人通过参与全球"RunBlue"运动来贡献力量。17.to考查介词。18.where考查定语从句。19.toaddress考查非谓语动词。20.facing考查非谓语动词。句意同上。【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，定语从句，非谓语动词等知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。17．句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。attentionto...固定短语，"对……的关注"。故填to。18．句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥完成了长达一年的一系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一次水事会议。thousandswereattendingawaterconference是非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词Chicago。故填where。19．句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临"水太少或水太脏"的挑战。address"设法解决"，动词。此句的谓语是called，所以应用非谓语形式，在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填toaddress。20．句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临"水太少或水太脏"的挑战。face"面对"，动词。此句的谓语是called，所以应用非谓语形式。face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填facing。【答案】21．B22．C23．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了国际奥委会青年领袖计划通过体育赋能人才，使其在社区中产生积极影响，该计划每两年选拔25名青年领袖，任期四年，旨在推广奥林匹克价值观；申请者需先完成2023年11月举办的为期四周的线上学习冲刺课程，并满足包括完成高中学业、具备至少一年工作经验、拥有较强公众演讲能力等条件，方可提交基于体育的项目计划以参与选拔。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。21．细节理解题。根据4-WeekLearningSprint部分中"The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme."将于2023年11月举行的为期4周的学习冲刺活动是一项虚拟学习计划。可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据4-WeekLearningSprint部分中的"Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport-basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader."在成功完成为期4周的学习冲刺后，你需要提交一份基于体育项目的计划，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，你将按照该计划开展工作。可知，如果被选为国际奥林匹克委员会青年领袖，需要提交一个以运动为基础的项目计划。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中的"Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience."你至少有一年的工作经验。可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。【答案】24．A25．D26．B27．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己申请科研项目的经历，从最初申请撒哈拉沙漠土壤质量检测项目被拒，到意外获得实验室观察机会并参与新的研究项目，最终在申请研究生院时面对拒绝也能保持平和心态，领悟到不应固守计划，而应抓住机会并尽力而为的人生哲理。【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender'sname."当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心狂跳起来。体现出作者内心的紧张与不安。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Whatsheproposeddidn'tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall."她提出的方案似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人振奋，但我还是打算全力以赴。可知，与Devon教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue."最终，我有了新的科学兴趣要去追求。可推知，这次科研经历让作者备受鼓舞，有了新的兴趣。故选B。27．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己两次被拒的经历，因此"被拒"成为贯穿全篇的一条线。每一次被拒后，他都充分利用现有机会创造新的机遇，而新的机遇又让他燃起新的热情。可推知被拒绝可以让人重新找到新的方向，故选C。【答案】28．D29．C30．A【解析】0本文是一篇说明文，近年来，各领域研究者指出短视行为已成为工业化社会的重大问题，其根源在于人类对当下的偏向性心理（如即时满足倾向、受眼前信息主导决策、过度关注紧迫事务等），这种心理导致人们忽视气候变化、生物多样性丧失等长期威胁，甚至形成对环境恶化的集体遗忘，使人类难以采取有效行动应对未来挑战。【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及推理判断和目的意图两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties."近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义已成为工业化社会的一个重大问题。提出本文话题——短期主义；接着下文引用历史学家FrancisCole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害——无法考虑长远的目标和后果。可推知，文章引用FrancisCole的话是为了强调短期主义这个问题。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective‘poormemory',andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary."的确，在环境变迁的问题上，我们可能会形成一种集体性的"记忆缺失"，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况是再寻常不过的。可知，当涉及环境变化时，人类会形成一种集体的"记忆力差"，并且每一代人都认为他们所经历的环境状态是正常的。可推知，人类的大脑并不善于感知渐进变化。故选C。30．目的意图题。通读全文可知，作者认为短期主义导致了像气候变化这样的严重问题，而人们重眼前轻未来的心理偏向助长了这种短视的思维。可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类非常重要。故选A。【答案】31．A32．C33．B34．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人工生命（ALife）领域致力于通过创造生命来探索生命的本质原理，尽管目前尚未成功制造出人工生命且面临科学价值争议，但其研究可能推动具有无限创造力的机器发展；该领域因核心概念模糊、研究者观点分歧而呈现多样化探索路径，其混沌发展恰与地球生物圈的演化历程形成平行，暗示人工生命的崛起或许如宇宙中的生命现象般不可避免。【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。31．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"ThistrackrecordmakesALi