初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：高一英语必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（暑假单元自测）（解析版）

Unit4NaturalDisasters单元自测卷（人教版）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（基础题）和第Ⅱ卷（提升题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷一．单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1.Theeruptionofthis_________(火山)wouldbedestructive.2.Therisingpriceoffuelislargelyaresultofanindependencebetween_______(供应)anddemand.3.Theyescapedthroughan__________(紧急)exitandcalledthepolice.4.IfyouchooseanarticleinFrench,pleasestillwriteyour___________(概要).5.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno__________(效果).6.Thepresidentwill_____________(发表)aspeechoneducation.7.Mymotheroftenremindsme,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,andIneedthatadvicefrequently.8.Mary__________(轻拍)herforeheadandlookedannoyedwithherself.9.InthePacificsuchstormsarecalledcyclones(旋风),whileintheAtlanticaretypicallycalled________(飓风).10.Theplane_________(坠毁)mysteriouslyneartheisland.1.volcano2.supply 3.emergency 4.summary5.effect 6.deliver 7.calm8.tapped9.hurricanes10.crashed二．单词变形（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）11.Ifcancersarespottedearly,thereisahighchanceof__________(survive).12.Thereisworldwideconcernaboutthe_________(destroy)oftherainforests.13.Iwaslookingformyhandbag,which_________(bury)underapileofbooks.14.Thestreamhasfrozenupandyoucanseethefish________(trap)intheice.15.Thankstorecentresearch,_________(effect)treatmentsareavailable.16.Wearemovedintoacabinwith________(electric)butnorunningwater.17.Thedambrokedownandasaresulttheland________(flood).18.Hefelttoo_______(shock)tomove.Hisworldhadbeenturnedupsidedown.19.Dryhaircan_______(damage)bywashingittoofrequently.20.MostpartsofAfricancountrieshavesufferedfrom________(dry)inrecentyears.21.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygas________(come)outofit.22.Mikeranoutofthefieldslookingforplaces_______(hide),andfishjumpedoutofthewater.23.Butcity’sonemillionpeople_______(be)asleepasusualthatnight.24.Two______(three)ofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.25.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequake________(be)morethan400,000.26.Water,foodandelectricitywerehard______(get).27.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soilderstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedand____(bury)thedead.28.Indian_______(office)saidasmanyas1,900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.29.Another254werefound_______(die)inThailandand54inthreeothercountries.30.InsouthernThailand,1,900people_______(hurt)andmanymoreweremissing,localofficialssaid.11.survival12.destruction13.wasburied14.trapped15.effective16.electricity17.wasflooded18.shocked19.bedamaged20.drought21.coming22.tohide23.were24.thirds25.was26.toget27.tobury28.officials29.dead30.werehurt三．短语填空（10分）31.Strongwindsjust_________mostofthedust.（吹散）32.NowIcanwalktowork__________goingbycar.（代替，而不是）33.Ityoudon’tknowaword,_______it_______inthedictionary.（查阅）34.Thecitypolice________roadblockstocheckpassingvehicles.（设立）35.Inotherwords,youaretreatingtheworkers_______theyweremachines.（仿佛）36.Shelookedatherson________,waitingforhimtotellherthatshehadmisunderstoodeverything.（吃惊）37.Thatafternoon,thesquirrelcametoourbackyard________（像往常一样）38.Thefirefighters_______thebigfire,thoughtheburningbuildingmightfalldownatanymoment.（冲进）39.Earthquakescanleavecitiesandcountries________.(废墟)40.Peopleoftenhopeallgoodthingswon’t_____________.（结束）31.blewaway32.insteadof33.look,up34.setup35.asif36.inshock37.asusual38.rushedinto39.inruins40.cometoanend第Ⅱ卷四．完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）IarrivedatthisvillageinAsiatwoweeksagowithagroupofclassmatesfromOhioUniversity.Youmighthaveseenthenewstalkingaboutthe41.Weareheretohelpthem42fromtherecenttyphoon.Althoughweweretoldwhatwemightexpect,itwasstillabit43togetusedtothegravity(严重性)ofthesituation.Forexample,wehaveto44watereverydaytohavesomethingsafetodrink.Also,thereisnoextra45,sowehavetostayintents.Thereisalsono46,whichmeansthattherearenorefrigeratorsorlights.Inadditiontoprovidingfoodforthe47,wemustalsofeedourselves,whichtakessomecreativityaswemust48overafireandmostdaysseeaheavyrainfall.49,wehavebeenabletomakeadjustmentandaredoingwell.Inadditiontohelping50thevillageandsavetheharvest,wehavealsobeendoing51developmentwork.Thefarmersusedtogotothewelleverymorningtoget52fortheirfields.Wehelped53anewirrigationcanal(灌溉渠),sonowwateringtheirfieldsis54.Hopefully,wecanworkonother55toimprovetheinfrastructure(基础建设)ofthevillagebeforeweleave.41．A．accident B．disaster C．development D．behavior42．A．recover B．hear C．come D．suffer43．A．quick B．difficult C．surprising D．strange44．A．boil B．save C．pour D．research45．A．transport B．food C．clothes D．housing46．A．shop B．forest C．electricity D．atmosphere47．A．reporters B．teachers C．soldiers D．villagers48．A．play B．jump C．cook D．sing49．A．Suddenly B．Luckily C．Generally D．Actually50．A．rebuild B．research C．record D．recommend51．A．heavy B．rapid C．regular D．long-term52．A．paper B．power C．water D．help53．A．giveup B．putup C．pickup D．useup54．A．easier B．busier C．slower D．louder55．A．studies B．standards C．projects D．titles【答案】41．B42．A43．B44．A45．D46．C47．D48．C49．B50．A51．D52．C53．B54．A55．C【导语】文章主要讲述作者随同学前往亚洲某村庄，协助台风灾后重建，并参与基础设施建设工作的经历。【详解】41．考查名词。句意：你可能看过新闻报道这次灾难。A.accident事故；B.disaster灾难；C.development发展；D.behavior行为。根据后文“recenttyphoon”可知，台风是一场自然灾害。42．考查动词。句意：我们来这里帮助他们从最近的台风中恢复。A.recover恢复；B.hear听到；C.come来；D.suffer遭受。根据后文“fromtherecenttyphoon”可知，台风过后，村民需要“恢复”正常生活。43．考查形容词。句意：虽然我们知道可能会面临什么，但要适应情况的严重性还是有点困难。A.quick快速的；B.difficult困难的；C.surprising令人惊讶的；D.strange奇怪的。根据前文“Althoughweweretoldwhatwemightexpect”和后文“getusedtothegravityofthesituation”可知，尽管有心理准备，适应起来仍很“困难”。44．考查动词。句意：例如，我们必须每天煮（沸）水才能喝到安全的饮用水。A.boil煮沸；B.save节省；C.pour倾倒；D.research研究。根据后文“tohavesomethingsafetodrink”可知，为了获得安全的饮用水，通常需要“煮沸”杀菌。45．考查名词。句意：此外，没有多余的住房，所以我们不得不住在帐篷里。A.transport交通工具；B.food食物；C.clothes衣服；D.housing住房。根据后文“sowehavetostayintents”可知，缺少“住房”。46．考查名词。句意：也没有电，这意味着没有冰箱和灯光。A.shop商店；B.forest森林；C.electricity电；D.atmosphere大气。根据后文“therearenorefrigeratorsorlights”可知，这是缺乏“电”的表现。47．考查名词。句意：除了给村民们提供食物，我们自己也得解决吃饭问题，这得动点脑筋，因为我们得在火上做饭，而且大部分日子都会下大雨。A.reporters记者；B.teachers老师；C.soldiers士兵；D.villagers村民。根据前文“Weareheretohelpthem____fromtherecenttyphoon.”和下文“thevillageandsavetheharvest”可知，志愿者来到村庄，主要是帮助当地的“村民”。48．考查动词。句意同上。A.play玩耍；B.jump跳跃；C.cook烹饪；D.sing唱歌。根据前文“wemustalsofeedourselves,whichtakessomecreativity”和后文“overafire”可知，努力解决饮食，生火为了“做饭”。49．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我们已经能够做出调整，并且做得很好。A.Suddenly突然；B.Luckily幸运地；C.Generally通常；D.Actually实际上。根据后文“wehavebeenabletomakeadjustmentandaredoingwell”结合前文讲述诸多艰苦条件，此处转折表情况转好，用“幸运的是”。50．考查动词。句意：除了帮助重建村庄和拯救收成，我们还做了长期的发展工作。A.rebuild重建；B.research研究；C.record记录；D.recommend推荐。根据前文“Weareheretohelpthem____fromtherecenttyphoon.”和“thegravity(严重性)ofthesituation”可知，台风摧毁了村庄，需要“重建”。51．考查形容词。句意同上。A.heavy沉重的；B.rapid快速的；C.regular定期的；D.long-term长期的。根据后文“Wehelped____anewirrigationcanal(灌溉渠)”可知，修建灌溉渠属于基础设施，是“长期的”发展工作。52．考查名词。句意：农民们过去每天早上都要去井边打水浇地。A.paper纸；B.power力量；C.water水；D.help帮助。根据后文“fortheirfields”和“wateringtheirfields”可知，去井边是为了取“水”。53．考查动词短语。句意：我们帮忙修建了一条新的灌溉渠，所以现在浇灌田地更容易了。A.giveup放弃；B.putup建造，搭起；C.pickup捡起；D.useup用完。根据后文“anewirrigationcanal”和后文“wecanworkonother____toimprovetheinfrastructure(基础建设)ofthevillagebeforeweleave.”可知，这是“修建”的工程。54．考查形容词。句意同上。A.easier更容易的；B.busier更忙的；C.slower更慢的；D.louder更大声的。根据前文“Wehelped____anewirrigationcanal(灌溉渠),sonowwateringtheirfields”可知，有了灌溉渠，浇水自然变得“更容易”。55．考查名词。句意：希望我们在离开前能开展其他项目来改善村里的基础设施。A.studies研究；B.standards标准；C.projects项目；D.titles标题。根据后文“toimprovetheinfrastructure(基础建设)ofthevillagebeforeweleave”可知，改善基础设施通常涉及多个工程“项目”。五．阅读理解（满分40分）ACampusResourcesBookstoreThebookstoressupplyrequiredandrecommendedtextbooks,referencematerials,andcollegesportswear.Youcanbuyorrenttextbooks.AccessmoredetailsaboutthebookstoreonMyMacomb.Locations:SouthCampusKBuilding586.445.7385CenterCampusPBuilding586.286.2093LibraryMacombCommunityCollege’sLibrarycollectionscontainprintandmultimediamaterialscoveringawiderangeoftopics.Eachcampuslibraryfeaturesresourcesintheprogramareasofferedatthatlocation.CenterCampusfocusesonNursing,PublicSafety,andEarlyChildhoodEducation.TheSouthCampusLibraryhighlightsAppliedTechnology,MediaandCommunicationArts,andEngineeringTechnology.Locations:SouthCampusJBuilding586.445.7401CenterCampusCBuilding586.286.2104CollegeSuccessSkills-CSSK-1200CSSKisathree-credit-hourcoursethatisopentoallstudents.Youwilllearnwhatittakestobeasuccessfulcollegestudent,explorecampusresources,andconnectwithotherstudents.Youwillalsolearngoalsetting,studystrategies,timemanagementandeducationalplanning.Career(职业)DevelopmentandDecisionMaking-LIFE-1010LIFEisathree-credit-hourcourse.Itwillguideyoutoexploreyourinterests,personalityandvaluesasthey’relatetotheworldofwork.Thiscourseissuggestedifyouareundecidedonajobpath,orhaveideasaboutwhatyouwanttodobutareunsurehowtogetthere.Inthisclassyouwilltourcompaniesandtalktoprofessionalsindifferentindustries.56．WherecanyougetmultimediamaterialsinEngineeringTechnology?A．SouthCampusKBuilding

586.445.7385 B．CenterCampusPBuilding

586.286.2093C．SouthCampusJBuilding

586.445.7401 D．CenterCampusCBuilding

586.286.210457．WhyisthecourseLIFEestablished?A．Toguidestudentstoexplorecampusresources. B．Toinspirestudentstodevelopresearchinterests.C．Toencouragestudentstoseteducationalplans. D．Tohelpstudentsmakesuitablecareerchoices.58．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Acourseplan. B．Astudentguide.C．Anacademicarticle. D．Acollegenewspaper.【答案】56．C57．D58．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了书店、图书馆和两门课程等校园资源。【详解】56．细节理解题。根据Library部分中“TheSouthCampusLibraryhighlightsAppliedTechnology,MediaandCommunicationArts,andEngineeringTechnology.Locations:SouthCampusJBuilding586.445.7401(南校区图书馆以应用技术、媒体与传播艺术和工程技术为重点。地点：南校区J楼586.445.7401)”可知，在南校区J楼586.445.7401，可以找到工程技术的多媒体材料。故选C项。57．细节理解题。根据Career(职业)DevelopmentandDecisionMaking-LIFE-1010部分中“Thiscourseissuggestedifyouareundecidedonajobpath,orhaveideasaboutwhatyouwanttodobutareunsurehowtogetthere.Inthisclassyouwilltourcompaniesandtalktoprofessionalsindifferentindustries.(如果你在职业道路上犹豫不决，或者对自己想做什么有想法，但不确定如何实现，那么建议你选择这门课程。在这门课上，你将参观公司，并与不同行业的专业人士交谈。)”可知，开设LIFE课程的目的是帮助学生做出合适的职业选择。故选D项。58．推理判断题。通读全文，根据文章标题“CampusResources(校园资源)”以及下面的小标题“Bookstore(书店)”和“Library(图书馆)”和“CollegeSuccessSkills-CSSK-1200(大学成功技能-CSSK-1200)”以及“Career(职业)DevelopmentandDecisionMaking-LIFE-1010(职业发展与决策-LIFE-1010)”可知，这段文字可能来自学生指南。故选B项。BCanyousurviveanunannouncedstorm?Althoughthereisexpertbroadcastingandweareequippedwithcellphones,there’restillsomeexampleswhentheviolentweathertakesusbysurprise.WhilemostAtlantichurricanesformoffthecoastofAfricagivingplentyofearlywarning,suddenCaribbeanandGulfofMexicohurricanesformandmoverapidlyinlessthanaday’stime,endangeringeveryoneandeverythingintheirpath.There’vebeenoilworkerstrappedofftheshorewhensuddenstormsappeared.Fieldarcheologists(野外考古学家)havebeenstuckincoastalareaswithoutstormwarning.Itwasn’tbutafewdecadesagothataTexasNationalGuardgroupwastrappedonthebeachbyrain-forcedfloodingandhadtorideoutamajorhurricaneduringatrainingexercise.There’vebeenafewcaseswhentravellersweretrappedonanislandorinacoastalareaandunabletoescapeintime.Escapingfromthestorm-threatenedareasisgenerallyachoiceformostofus—butnotforall.EachyearthousandsofislandersacrosstheCaribbeanfacethedangerofhurricaneswithoutsomuchasapublicsheltertohidein.Mostrideoutthestormintheirhomes.Butthere’reafewthingsyoucandotoprepareyourselfforsomeunexpectedemergencies.Beingpreparedfortheunexpectedmaybeyourbestandonlydefense.Ifyou’reheadedoutdoorsforafewdaysorweeks,youshouldalwayscarryaflashlightwithextrabatteries,aGPSdevice,andabasicmedicalbox.Ifyou’retravellinginyourcar,rememberyoumaysufferfromhighwinds.You’dbetternotstayinsidetoavoidbeingblownawayalongwithyourcar.Keepingyourheadandyourcourageupisimportanttosurvivalinanytypeofdanger.Letcommonsenseguideyouandalwaysbepreparedfortheworst.59．Accordingtothetext,mostAtlantichurricanes______.A．formintheCaribbeanSea B．comefromGulfofMexicoC．developoffthecoastofAfrica D．arefromthePacificOcean60．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thebadsituationsofoilworkers. B．Peopletrappedbysuddenstorms.C．Thedangeroftravellingonanisland. D．TheTexasNationalGuardgroup.61．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Togivesomeadvice. B．Toencouragetravelling.C．Tostressthedangerofhurricanes. D．Togivesomewarnings.62．Inwhichpartofawebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthetext?A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture.【答案】59．C60．B61．A62．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了突然来袭的风暴尤其是飓风会给人们带来危险与困境，并针对意外紧急情况给出了实用的生存准备建议。【详解】59．细节理解题。根据第二段“WhilemostAtlantichurricanesformoffthecoastofAfricagivingplentyofearlywarning,suddenCaribbeanandGulfofMexicohurricanesformandmoverapidlyinlessthanaday’stime,endangeringeveryoneandeverythingintheirpath.(虽然大多数大西洋飓风是在非洲海岸附近形成的，并且能提前发出大量警报，但加勒比海和墨西哥湾的飓风却会在短短一天之内突然形成并迅速移动，威胁着其路径上的一切生命和财产。)”可知，大多数大西洋飓风形成于非洲海岸附近。故选C。60．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There’vebeenoilworkerstrappedofftheshorewhensuddenstormsappeared.Fieldarcheologistshavebeenstuckincoastalareaswithoutstormwarning.(当突发风暴出现时，有石油工人被困在海岸外。野外考古学家在没有风暴预警的情况下被困在沿海地区)”等内容可知，本段主要讲述被突发风暴困住的人们。故选B。61．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butthere’reafewthingsyoucandotoprepareyourselfforsomeunexpectedemergencies.Beingpreparedfortheunexpectedmaybeyourbestandonlydefense.(但是你可以做一些事情来为一些意外的紧急情况做好准备。为意外做好准备可能是你最好也是唯一的防御)”等内容可知，本段目的是给出一些应对意外风暴的准备建议。故选A。62．推理判断题。本文主要介绍突发风暴的危险以及应对建议，内容与日常生活安全相关，最可能出现在网站的生活版块。故选C。CTheEarthishometomanyplaceswithextraordinaryandoftenextremeclimates.Intheselocations,dailylifeisshapedbytheneedtoadapttoharshenvironmentalconditions.Fromburningdesertstoice-boundsettlements,natureneverfailstoimpresswithitspoweranddiversity.DeepintheSaharaDesertliesAraouane,Mali,amongthehottestplacesontheplanet.Summersareextremelylongandtough—averagetemperaturescanhit46℃.Strongwindsregularlymoveacrossthedryland,causingrepeatedsandstorms.Evenwithsuchintensesummerheat,thewinterseasonoffersmuchmilderweatherthatisidealforoutdooractivities.AttheotherextremeisOymyakon,Russia,consideredoneofthecoldestinhabitedareasintheworld.Wintertemperaturesusuallystayaround-50℃,andthelowesteverrecordedwas-71.2℃in1924.Inthedepthofwinter,daylightlastsforonlythreehourseachday.Becausethegroundisicyallyear,localpeoplehavedevelopedadietthatincludesrawfish.Yetinsummer,theweatherturnssurprisinglywarmandwet—thesummertemperaturescangetupto34℃.NotfarawayfromOymyakonliesVerkhoyansk,referredtoasthe“coldpole”.ItholdstherecordforthelargestannualtemperaturerangeonEarth-anastonishing106℃.Wintersarebitterlycoldandextended—temperaturesinJanuarycanreachaslowas-70℃,whilesummerscanreach38℃.Thisareaalsoofferstheuniqueexperienceofpolardaysandpolarnights.Closertous,XininginChinaisknownforitssharpdailytemperaturechanges,particularlyinApril.Awarmafternoonmightseetemperaturesaround24℃,perfectforlightclothing,butbynightfall,itcandroptonear0℃,makingheavycoatsnecessary.Thisquickchangeallowspeopletolivethroughtwodifferentseasonsinjustoneday.63．WhatproblemdostrongwindsbringtoAraouane,Mali?A．Theymakewinterweathermuchcolder.B．Theycausefrequentsandstormsonthedryland.C．Theyleadtoextremelyhighsummertemperatures.D．Theydestroytheoutdooractivityareasinwinter.64．WhydolocalpeopleinOymyakoneatrawfish?A．Becauserawfishisdeliciousandpopular.B．Becausethedaylightlastsforonlythreehourseachday.C．Becauseitisatraditionalfoodintheirculture.D．Becausethegroundisfrozenthroughouttheyear.65．WhatcanweinferfromthetextaboutXininginApril?A．Thelowesttemperature. B．Lightclothingtowear.C．Lightandheavyclothingtoprepare. D．Smalltemperaturedifference.66．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．PlaceswithExtraordinaryandExtremeClimates.B．People’sAdaptiontoExtremeClimates.C．TheHottestandColdestPlacesonEarth.D．TemperatureChangesAroundtheWorld.【答案】63．B64．D65．C66．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍地球上多处有着极端且奇特气候的地方，讲述各地区的气候特征及当地人们的适应方式，展现自然的力量与多样性。63．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Strongwindsregularlymoveacrossthedryland,causingrepeatedsandstorms.(强风经常掠过这片干旱的土地，引发多次沙尘暴。)”可知，强风给马里的阿拉万带来的问题是在干旱的土地上引发频繁的沙尘暴。故选B项。64．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Becausethegroundisicyallyear,localpeoplehavedevelopedadietthatincludesrawfish.(因为这里的土地终年冰封，当地人形成了吃生鱼的饮食习惯。)”可知，奥伊米亚康的当地人吃生鱼是因为这里的土地全年都被冻住了。故选D项。65．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Awarmafternoonmightseetemperaturesaround24℃,perfectforlightclothing,butbynightfall,itcandroptonear0℃,makingheavycoatsnecessary.(温暖的下午气温可能在24℃左右，适合穿轻便的衣服，但到了黄昏，气温会降到接近0℃，必须穿上厚外套。)”可知，四月的西宁午后适合穿轻便衣物，夜晚则需要厚外套，由此可推断人们需要准备薄厚两种衣物。故选C项。66．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“TheEarthishometomanyplaceswithextraordinaryandoftenextremeclimates.(地球上有许多地方有着奇特且往往极端的气候。)”以及后文依次介绍的马里阿拉万、俄罗斯奥伊米亚康、维尔霍扬斯克和中国西宁这些气候极端的地区可知，文章核心就是介绍地球上有着奇特和极端气候的地方，因此“气候极端且独特的地区”适合作为本文标题。故选A项。DFrom2025to2026,theglobalclimatehasshownanincreasinglyunstabletrend,withfrequentextremeweathereventssuchassuddenheavyrainstorms,prolongedhightemperatures,rarecoldwavesandstrongunstablestormyweathersweepingacrossmanyregions.Theseclimatedisastershavecausedhugelossestopeople’slivesandproperty,making“adaptationtoextremeclimateandscientificsurvival”ahottopicwidelydiscussedbythepublicin2026.Facedwithfrequentextremeweather,somepeopleholdanegativeattitude,believingthatindividualpoweristoosmalltoresistnaturaldisasters,sotheydonothingtoprepare.Thiskindofthoughtisextremelydangerous.Infact,everyindividualcantakesimpleandeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Forinstance,familiescanpreparespecialemergencysurvivalsuppliescontainingbottledwater,compressedbiscuits,flashlights,batteries,first-aidsuppliesandwarmblankets,whichcansupportlifefor3to5dayswhentrappedbydisasters.Othersover-relyongovernmentrescueandmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,ignoringindividualsubjectiveinitiative.Whilegovernmentrescueteamsandadvancedweatherforecastsystemsplayakeyroleindisasterpreventionandrelief,theyoftenneedtimetoarriveatdisasterareas.Duringthisperiod,individualsurvivalawarenessandskillsdeterminewhetherpeoplecansurvivesafely.Forexample,inthesuddenurbanfloodingcausedbyheavyrain,peoplewhoknowtoavoidlowlandareas,undergroundspacesandfast-flowingwaterarefarlesslikelytobeindanger.Scientificsurvivalinthecontextofextremeclimaterequiresthejointeffortsofindividuals,communitiesandthegovernment.Individualsshouldtaketheinitiativetolearnclimatesurvivalknowledgeandparticipateincommunityemergencytraining;communitiesshouldestablishdisasterearlywarningmechanismsandsetclearescaperoutesandshelters;thegovernmentshouldstrengtheninfrastructureconstructiontoresistdisastersandspreadusefullife-savingknowledgethroughmedia,communitiesandschools.Extremeclimateisaseverechallengefacedbyallmankind,butitisnotunconquerable.Aslongaseveryoneestablishesasenseofcrisis,mastersscientificsurvivalmethods,andmakessufficientpreparations,wecangreatlyreducetheharmcausedbyextremeweather.Protectingourselvesinextremeclimateisnotonlyresponsibleforourownlives,butalsoakindofsocialresponsibilitytomaintainsocialstability.67．Whatextremeweatherphenomenaarementionedinthetext?A．Earthquakesandtsunamis. B．Heavyrainstormsandhightemperatures.C．Volcaniceruptionsandmudslides. D．Sandstormsanddroughts.68．Whydoestheauthorthinkrelyingonlyongovernmentrescueisnotenough?A．Governmentrescueisofteninefficient.B．Governmentrescuecannotcoveralldisasterareas.C．Rescueteamsneedtimetoarrive,andindividualskillsmatterduringthisperiod.D．Moderntechnologyismorereliablethangovernmentrescue.69．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdealingwithextremeclimatedisasters?A．Pessimistic. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.70．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ExtremeClimate:AGlobalDisaster.B．IndividualPreparation:KeytoSurvivalinExtremeWeather.C．GovernmentRescue:TheOnlyHopeforDisasters.D．ChallengesofGlobalClimateChange.【答案】67．B68．C69．B70．B【导语】文章主要讲述了极端气候频发背景下，个人、社区和政府应共同努力，科学应对灾害。【详解】67．细节理解题。根据第一段中“frequentextremeweathereventssuchassuddenrainrainstorms,prolongedhightemperatures,rarecoldwavesandstrongunstablestormyweather(频繁的极端天气事件，如突发暴雨、持续高温、罕见寒潮和强烈不稳定风暴天气)”可知，文中提到了暴雨和高温。68．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Othersover-relyongovernmentrescueandmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,ignoringindividualsubjectiveinitiative.Whilegovernmentrescueteamsandadvancedweatherforecastsystemsplayakeyroleindisasterpreventionandrelief,theyoftenneedtimetoarriveatdisasterareas.Duringthisperiod,individualsurvivalawarenessandskillsdeterminewhetherpeoplecansurvivesafely.(另一些人则过度依赖政府救援和现代科技手段，忽视了个人的主观能动性。虽然政府救援队和先进的天气预报系统在防灾减灾中发挥着关键作用，但它们往往需要时间才能抵达灾区。在此期间，个人的生存意识和技能决定了人们能否安全存活。)”可知，救援队需要时间到达，而在这段时间内个人技能很重要。故选C。69．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Facedwithfrequentextremeweather,somepeopleholdanegativeattitude,believingthatindividualpoweristoosmalltoresistnaturaldisasters,sotheydonothingtoprepare.Thiskindofthoughtisextremelydangerous.Infact,everyindividualcantakesimpleandeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.(面对频发的极端天气，部分人持消极态度，认为个人力量过于渺小，无法抵御自然灾害，因而对准备工作置之不理。这种想法极其危险。事实上，每个人都可以采取简单易行且有效的措施来保护自己和家人。)”、第三段中“Othersover-relyongovernmentrescueandmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,ignoringindividualsubjectiveinitiative.Whilegovernmentrescueteamsandadvancedweatherforecastsystemsplayakeyroleindisasterpreventionandrelief,theyoftenneedtimetoarriveatdisasterareas.Duringthisperiod,individualsurvivalawarenessandskillsdeterminewhetherpeoplecansurvivesafely.(另一些人则过度依赖政府救援和现代科技手段，忽视了个人的主观能动性。虽然政府救援队和先进的天气预报系统在防灾减灾中发挥着关键作用，但它们往往需要时间才能抵达灾区。在此期间，个人的生存意识和技能决定了人们能否安全存活。)”、第四段“Scientificsurvivalinthecontextofextremeclimaterequiresthejointeffortsofindividuals,communitiesandthegovernment.Individualsshouldtaketheinitiativetolearnclimatesurvivalknowledgeandparticipateincommunityemergencytraining;communitiesshouldestablishdisasterearlywarningmechanismsandsetclearescaperoutesandshelters;thegovernmentshouldstrengtheninfrastructureconstructiontoresistdisastersandspreadusefullife-savingknowledgethroughmedia,communitiesandschools.(在极端气候背景下实现科学生存，需要个人、社区和政府三方共同努力。个人应主动学习气候生存知识，积极参与社区应急培训；社区应建立灾害预警机制，设定明确的逃生路线和避难场所；政府则应加强防灾基础设施建设，并通过媒体、社区和学校普及实用的救生知识。)”可知，作者既指出了个人消极态度的危险，也指出了过度依赖政府的不足，并提出个人、社区、政府三方应共同努力，语气客观理性。70．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段中“Othersover-relyongovernmentrescueandmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeans,ignoringindividualsubjectiveinitiative.Whilegovernmentrescueteamsandadvancedweatherforecastsystemsplayakeyroleindisasterpreventionandrelief,theyoftenneedtimetoarriveatdisasterareas.Duringthisperiod,individualsurvivalawarenessandskillsdeterminewhetherpeoplecansurvivesafely.(另一些人则过度依赖政府救援和现代科技手段，忽视了个人的主观能动性。虽然政府救援队和先进的天气预报系统在防灾减灾中发挥着关键作用，但它们往往需要时间才能抵达灾区。在此期间，个人的生存意识和技能决定了人们能否安全存活。)”可知，文章先介绍极端天气现状，重点纠正人们防灾错误观念，强调个人准备、求生技能的重要性，并结合多方力量说明科学求生的方法，核心围绕个人准备应对极端天气展开。本文最佳标题为“IndividualPreparation:KeytoSurvivalinExtremeWeather(个人准备：极端天气中生存的关键)”。EForthousandsofyears,firehasbeenaregularnaturalprocessinAustralia,shapingthelandscapeandimpactingtheevolution(进化)ofitsspecies.71Thatistosay,firehasbecomeafundamentalecologicalforce.Australia’stendencyforseverebushfiresisacombinationofclimate,landscape,andignitionsources.Thecontinentisnaturallyhotanddry.72Thus,foreststhereareexceptionallyflammable(易燃的).Strongwindsalsoplayapart,carryingburningpieceslongdistancestostartnewfiresfaraheadofthemainfront.73Manyofthenativeplants,particularlythedominanteucalyptusforests,arenaturallyflammable.Eucalyptustreesarerichinvolatile(挥发的)oilsthatcanturnintogasathightemperatures,creatingahighlyflammableatmosphere.Thesetreesalsodroplargeamountsofbarkandleaves,whichbuildupontheforestfloorasathicklayeroffuel.Thefinalelementisthesourcethatstartsbushfires.Bushfirescanstartfromnaturalcauses,withlightningstrikesbeingthemostcommonduringdrythunderstorms.74Thesecanrangefromaccidentaleventslikesmallburningpiecesfrommachineryorfallenpowerlines,tocarelesslymanagedcampfires,andalsoincludeactsofsettingfiresonpurpose.Theecologicalharmofseverebushfiresishuge,affectingwildlife,plantlife,andthebroaderenvironment.Foranimals,theimmediateimpactisoftendeadly,asfast-movingfiresendangermobilespecies.Theeffectscanbedisastrous,assurvivorsfacealandscapelackingfoodandshelter.75A．Australiahasahighforestcoveragerate.B．Australianplantsandanimalscansurvivefires.C．FirehaslongbeenpartofAustralia’senvironment.D．Thatmeanstheyareatriskofhungerandbeinghunted.E．Thisisoftenworsenedbyclimaticcyclesoflowrainfall.F．Humanactivitiesaretheothermajorcauseofmanyfires.G．Th