2026年研究生入学考试英语一历年真题

2026年研究生入学考试英语一历年真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitalminimalism"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyearsasacounter-movementtothepervasiveinfluenceoftechnologyinourdailylives.Itisnotmerelyaboutusingtechnologyless,butaboutusingitmore1tobettersupportthingsthatyouvalue.Inaworldwheresmartphonesare2,theconstantstreamofnotificationscanfragmentourattention,makingdeepworkincreasinglydifficult.Digitalminimalism3aphilosophyoftechnologyusewhereyoufocusyouronlinetimeonasmallnumberofcarefully4activitiesthatstronglysupportyourvalues,andthen5misstherest.Themovementisrootedintheobservationthatourrelationshipwithtechnologyhasbecome6.Weoftenfindourselvesscrollingthroughsocialmedia7,onlytofeeldrainedandunfulfilledafterward.Thismindlessconsumptionisdrivenbysophisticatedalgorithmsdesignedto8ourengagementforprofit.By9theseplatforms,digitalminimalistsargue,wecanreclaimourautonomyand10ourmentalwell-being.However,11digitalminimalismisnotwithoutitschallenges.Itrequiresaconsciousefforttoresistthe12ofinstantconnectivityandthefearofmissingout(FOMO).Manypeopleworrythatdisconnectingwillleadtosocial13orprofessionalstagnation.Yet,proponentsofthelifestylesuggestthatthe14areoftenexaggerated.Insteadofweakeningrelationships,qualityface-to-faceinteractionscan15them.Similarly,ratherthanhinderingproductivity,reducingdigitalcluttercan16focusandefficiency.Implementingthislifestyleoftenbeginswitha"digitaldeclutter,"a30-dayperiodduringwhichyou17optionaldigitaltechnologiesfromyourlife.Afterthisperiod,youslowlyreintroduceonlythosetoolsthat18asignificantbenefit.Thisprocesshelpsindividualsidentifywhichtechnologiesaretruly19andwhicharemerelysourcesofdistraction.Ultimately,digitalminimalismisabout20yourrelationshipwithtechnology,ensuringthatyouremainthemaster,nottheservant,ofyourdigitaltools.1.[A]creatively[B]selectively[C]aggressively[D]passively2.[A]obsolete[B]expensive[C]ubiquitous[D]malfunctioning3.[A]proposes[B]predicts[C]forbids[D]ignores4.[A]selected[B]avoided[C]monitored[D]criticized5.[A]happily[B]reluctantly[C]anxiously[D]boldly6.[A]harmonious[B]addictive[C]superficial[D]transactional7.[A]purposefully[B]occasionally[C]compulsively[D]strategically8.[A]maximize[B]minimize[C]stabilize[D]recognize9.[A]embracing[B]questioning[C]designing[D]funding10.[A]damage[B]measure[C]restore[D]ignore11.[A]maintaining[B]adopting[C]describing[D]researching12.[A]convenience[B]novelty[C]pressure[D]allure13.[A]isolation[B]mobility[C]unity[D]security14.[A]benefits[B]risks[C]costs[D]rewards15.[A]complicate[B]strengthen[C]formalize[D]digitalize16.[A]disrupt[B]clarify[C]enhance[D]require17.[A]remove[B]purchase[C]update[D]share18.[A]offer[B]reduce[C]delay[D]hide19.[A]harmful[B]essential[C]complex[D]trendy20.[A]ending[B]complicating[C]curtailing[D]redesigningSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hastransformedthelandscapeofworkinthe21stcentury,promisingflexibilityandautonomyformillionsofworkers.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andTaskRabbithavecreatedmarketplaceswhereindividualscanoffertheirservicesonademandbasis.However,beneaththeveneerofentrepreneurialfreedomliesacomplexrealitythathassparkedintensedebateamongeconomists,policymakers,andlaboradvocates.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitdemocratizesopportunity.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork,effectivelybecomingtheirownbosses.Thisflexibilityisparticularlybeneficialforstudents,parents,orthoseseekingsupplementaryincome.Moreover,theefficiencyofalgorithmicmatchingcanreducefrictioninthemarket,leadingtolowerpricesforconsumersandhigherutilizationratesforserviceproviders.Critics,however,pointtotheprecariousnatureofgigwork.Becauseworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,theyoftenlackaccesstoessentialbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,andretirementplans.Thisclassificationalsomeansthattheybearthefullbruntofmarketfluctuations;whendemandislow,theirincomeevaporateswithoutasafetynet.Furthermore,thealgorithmsthatgoverntheseplatformscanactasopaque"managers,"settingpricesandassigningworkinwaysthatworkerscannotchallenge,creatinganewformofdigitalsurveillanceandcontrol.Thelegallandscapeisstrugglingtokeeppace.Variousjurisdictionshaveattemptedtoreclassifygigworkersasemployees,buttheseeffortsfacefierceoppositionfromtechcompanies,whoarguethatsuchamovewouldstifleinnovationandincreasecostsforconsumers.Thecoreofthelegaldebatehingesonthedegreeofcontrolacompanyexertsoveraworker.Traditionalemploymentlawassumesthatanemployerwhocontrolsthemeansandmethodsofworkmustprovideemployeeprotections.Gigplatforms,however,maintainthattheymerelyprovideatechnologicalmarketplaceanddonotemploytheserviceproviders.Asthegigeconomymatures,thebinarydistinctionbetweenemployeeandcontractormayproveinsufficient.Somescholarshaveproposedathirdcategory,the"dependentcontractor,"whichwouldgrantcertainportablebenefitswithoutrequiringafullemploymentrelationship.Untilsuchlegislativeinnovationsarerealized,thetensionbetweenflexibilityandsecuritywillcontinuetodefinethefutureofwork.21.The"gigeconomy"ischaracterizedby______.[A]strictadherencetolaborlaws[B]guaranteedlong-termemployment[C]demand-basedserviceprovision[D]centralizedmanagementstructures22.Proponentsbelievethatthegigeconomybenefitsworkersby______.[A]providingcomprehensivehealthinsurance[B]offeringalgorithmicprotection[C]ensuringastablemonthlyincome[D]allowingflexibleworkschedules23.Theword"precarious"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]lucrative[B]unstable[C]illegal[D]traditional24.Criticsarguethatalgorithmicmanagementleadsto______.[A]increasedtransparency[B]workerempowerment[C]digitalsurveillance[D]reducedmarketfriction25.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofthegigeconomy?[A]Optimistic[B]Cynical[C]Objective[D]IndifferentText2Intherealmofastrophysics,thediscoveryofexoplanets—planetsorbitingstarsoutsideoursolarsystem—hasshiftedthequestforextraterrestriallifefromsciencefictiontoarigorousscientificdiscipline.TheKeplerSpaceTelescope,launchedbyNASAin2009,hasbeeninstrumentalinthisparadigmshift.Bymonitoringthebrightnessofover150,000starsinafixedfieldofview,Keplerdetectedtheminutedipsinbrightnesscausedbyplanetspassinginfrontoftheirhoststars,atechniqueknownasthetransitmethod.Thesheernumberofcandidatesdiscoveredisstaggering.Thousandsofexoplanetshavebeenconfirmed,rangingfromgasgiantslargerthanJupitertorocky,Earth-sizedworlds.Thisdiversitysuggeststhatplanetformationisacommonbyproductofstarformation.Ofparticularinterestareplanetslocatedinthe"habitablezone"—theregionaroundastarwhereconditionsmightberightforliquidwatertoexistonaplanet'ssurface.Liquidwaterisconsideredaprerequisiteforlifeasweknowit.However,thepresenceofwateralonedoesnotguaranteehabitability.Thecompositionofaplanet'satmosphereplaysacrucialroleinregulatingsurfacetemperatureandshieldingthesurfacefromharmfulstellarradiation.Thenextgenerationofspacetelescopes,suchastheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),aimstoanalyzetheatmosphericcompositionofthesedistantworlds.Bylookingforbiosignatures—gaseslikeoxygen,methane,orozonethatareproducedbybiologicalprocesses—scientistshopetodetectsignsoflifefromlight-yearsaway.Theimplicationsoffindinglife,evenmicrobiallife,elsewhereintheuniverseareprofound.ItwouldprovideinsightsintotherarityoflifeonEarthandthepotentialforlifetoariseintheuniverse.Iflifeisfoundtobecommon,itmightsuggestthattheuniverseisteemingwithbiology.Ifitisfoundtoberare,itwouldhighlightthepreciousnessofourownbiosphere.Furthermore,thediscoveryofintelligentlifewouldraisephilosophicalandethicalquestionsabouthumanity'splaceinthecosmos.Despitethetechnologicaladvancements,thesearchremainsamonumentalchallenge.Thedistancesinvolvedarevast,andthesignalsarefaint.Interstellartravelremainsadistantprospectduetothelimitationsofcurrentpropulsionsystems.Therefore,fortheforeseeablefuture,oursearchforalienlifewillbeconductedthroughtelescopes,dataanalysis,andpatientobservation.26.TheKeplerSpaceTelescopedetectsexoplanetsby______.[A]analyzingtheiratmosphericcomposition[B]monitoringchangesinstarbrightness[C]sendingprobestodistantstars[D]listeningforradiosignals27.The"habitablezone"isdefinedbythepotentialfor______.[A]solidlandmasses[B]atmosphericgases[C]liquidwater[D]magneticfields28.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)isdesignedto______.[A]replacetheagingKeplertelescope[B]traveltothenearesthabitableplanet[C]searchforbiosignaturesinatmospheres[D]maptheentireMilkyWaygalaxy29.Thediscoveryofmicrobiallifeonanotherplanetwould______.[A]confirmtheexistenceofintelligentlife[B]enableimmediateinterstellartravel[C]indicatethecommonnessoflifeintheuniverse[D]solvetheproblemofresourcedepletiononEarth30.Theauthorconcludesthatthesearchforextraterrestriallife______.[A]islikelytosucceedsoon[B]reliesheavilyonremoteobservation[C]ishinderedbyalackoffunding[D]requiresthedevelopmentofwarpdrivesText3Theconceptof"culturalappropriation"hasbecomeaflashpointincontemporarydiscourse,particularlyinthefieldsoffashion,art,andentertainment.Atitscore,culturalappropriationreferstotheadoptionofelementsfromaminorityculturebymembersofadominantculturewithoutproperunderstanding,respect,orcompensation.Thisisdistinctfromculturalexchange,whichimpliesamutual,reciprocalsharingofideasandpracticesonanequalfooting.Criticsofculturalappropriationarguethatitperpetuatespowerimbalances.Whenadominantgroup"borrows"fromamarginalizedgroup,theyoftenstriptheculturalelementsoftheiroriginalsignificanceandcommodifythemforprofitoraestheticpleasure.Forinstance,theuseofNativeAmericanheaddressesasfashionaccessoriesbynon-Nativesisoftencitedasoffensivebecausetheseheaddressesholddeepspiritualandceremonialmeaningwithinspecifictribes.WearingthemascostumestrivializesthissacredhistoryandignoresthecontextofcolonialismandgenocidethatNativecommunitieshavefaced.Furthermore,theeconomicdimensioncannotbeignored.Frequently,membersofthedominantcultureprofitfinanciallyfromtheappropriatedculture,whiletheoriginatingcommunityremainsimpoverished.Thisdynamicechoesthehistoricalextractionofresourcesfromcolonizedterritories.Inthemusicindustry,forexample,rockandroll,whichhasrootsinAfricanAmericanbluesandgospel,becameamassivecommercialenterprisedominatedbywhiteartists,whiletheblackpioneersoftenstruggledforrecognitionandcompensation.However,thelinebetweenappreciationandappropriationisnotalwaysclear-cut.Inanincreasinglyglobalizedworld,culturesinevitablyinteractandblend.Somearguethatstrictboundariesonculturalsharingcanleadtoculturalstagnationandsegregation.Theycontendthatartshouldbefreetodrawinspirationfromanywhere,andthatattemptingtopoliceculturalinfluenceisbothimpracticalandcontrarytothespiritofcreativity.Navigatingthiscomplexterrainrequiressensitivityandcontext.Keyquestionsinclude:Istheuserespectful?Isthereanunderstandingofthehistorybehindtheelement?Isthesourcecommunitybeingacknowledgedorbenefited?Movingforward,thegoalshouldbetofosteraculturalenvironmentwhereinspirationisdrawnwithpermissionandgratitude,ratherthantheftandentitlement.31.Culturalappropriationisdistinguishedfromculturalexchangebyitslackof______.[A]aestheticvalue[B]reciprocity[C]commercialpotential[D]mediaattention32.Criticsarguethatculturalappropriation______.[A]enrichesthedominantculture[B]commodifiessacredelements[C]promotesglobalunity[D]preserveshistoricaltraditions33.Theexampleofrockandrollisusedtoillustrate______.[A]theevolutionofmusicgenres[B]theuniversalappealofrhythm[C]economicexploitationinappropriation[D]thesuccessofcross-culturalcollaboration34.Somepeopleargueagainstpolicingculturalinfluencebecauseitmay______.[A]preventculturalstagnation[B]protectminorityrights[C]hinderartisticcreativity[D]increasesocialsegregation35.Theauthorsuggeststhattoavoidculturalappropriation,oneshould______.[A]avoidinteractingwithothercultures[B]focusonlyonone'sownheritage[C]seekpermissionandshowgratitude[D]strictlyfollowfashiontrendsText4Thehistoryofcoffeeisarichtapestrywovenwiththreadsofmyth,trade,religion,andrevolution.LegendhasitthatcoffeewasdiscoveredbyanEthiopiangoatherdernamedKaldi,whonoticedhisgoatsbecameenergeticaftereatingberriesfromacertainbush.Bythe15thcentury,coffeewasbeingcultivatedinYemen,andfromthere,itspreadtotherestoftheArabianPeninsula.Coffeehouses,knownas"qahvehkhaneh,"begantoappearincitiesacrosstheNearEast.Theseestablishmentsweremorethanjustplacestodrinkcoffee;theywerehubsofsocialactivitywherepeopleexchangednews,playedchess,anddiscussedpolitics.Thestimulatingeffectsofthedrinkearneditthetitle"TheWineofAraby."Religiousleadersinitiallycondemnedcoffeeasasatanicintoxicant,butthebeverageeventuallywonfavor,evenamongIslamicscholars.ThearrivalofcoffeeinEuropewasmetwithsimilarsuspicion.SomeclergymembersinVeniceurgedPopeClementVIIItobanthe"Muslimdrink."However,aftertastingit,thePopedeclared,"ThisSatan'sdrinkissodeliciousthatitwouldbeapitytolettheinfidelshaveexclusiveuseofit."Hisblessingpavedthewayforcoffee'sacceptanceinEurope.Bythe17thand18thcenturies,coffeehouseshadbecomecentraltotheEnlightenmentinEngland.Theyweredubbed"PennyUniversities"becauseforthepriceofapennycupofcoffee,onecouldengageinintellectualdiscoursewiththesharpestmindsoftheday.Thedemandforcoffeefueledglobaltradeandhadprofoundecologicalconsequences.TomeetthegrowingappetiteinEurope,colonialpowersestablishedvastplantationsintheircolonies.TheDutchintroducedcoffeecultivationtoJava,theFrenchtotheCaribbean,andthePortuguesetoBrazil.Thisplantationsystemreliedheavilyonenslavedlabor,linkingtheenjoymentofamorningcuptothebrutalhistoryofslavery.Inthemodernera,coffeehasbecomeaglobalcommodity,secondonlytooilintermsoftradevolume.Theriseofspecialtycoffeeandthe"thirdwave"coffeemovementhasshiftedconsumerfocustowardsthequalityofthebean,theroast,andtheethicsofproduction.Fairtradecertificationsaimtoensurethatfarmersreceiveafairprice,addressingsomeofthehistoricalinequitiesembeddedinthecoffeetrade.Today,coffeeisnotjustacaffeinedeliverysystem;itisaritual,asociallubricant,andacomplexeconomicforce.36.Accordingtolegend,coffeewasfirstdiscoveredby______.[A]Islamicscholars[B]PopeClementVIII[C]agoatherder[D]Dutchtraders37.IntheNearEast,coffeehousesservedas______.[A]religioussanctuaries[B]centersofpoliticaldiscussion[C]exclusiveclubsforthewealthy[D]placesforsilentmeditation38.PopeClementVIII'sattitudetowardscoffeewas______.[A]condemnatory[B]indifferent[C]approving[D]fearful39.Theestablishmentofcoffeeplantationsincolonieswascloselytiedto______.[A]theEnlightenmentmovement[B]theuseofenslavedlabor[C]thedevelopmentoffairtrade[D]theinventionoftheespressomachine40.The"thirdwave"coffeemovementemphasizes______.[A]thespeedofservice[B]thelowcostofproduction[C]thequalityandethicsofcoffee[D]thehistoricalsignificanceofcoffeehousesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]TheRoleofGutMicrobiota[B]DietarySourcesofPrebiotics[C]MechanismsofAction[D]ImpactonMentalHealth[E]DefinitionandScope[F]FutureResearchDirections[G]ClinicalApplicationsandTherapies41.Prebioticsareaclassofnon-digestiblefoodingredientsthatbeneficiallyaffectthehostbyselectivelystimulatingthegrowthand/oractivityofoneoralimitednumberofcolonicbacteria,therebyimprovinghosthealth.Unlikeprobiotics,whicharelivemicroorganisms,prebioticsarespecializedplantfibersthatactasfertilizersforthegoodbacteriaalreadyinthegut.Theyessentiallypassthroughtheupperpartofthegastrointestinaltractundigestedandundergofermentationbythegutmicroflorainthecolon.42.Theprimarymechanismthroughwhichprebioticsexerttheirhealthbenefitsisviafermentation.Thisprocessproducesshort-chainfattyacids(SCFAs),suchasacetate,propionate,andbutyrate.TheseSCFAsserveasanenergysourceforcolonocytes,thecellsliningthecolon,andplayacrucialroleinmaintainingtheintegrityofthegutbarrier.Additionally,thefermentationprocesslowersthepHofthecolon,inhibitingthegrowthofpathogenicbacteriaandpromotingthesurvivalofbeneficialspecies.43.Thegut-brainaxisisabidirectionalcommunicationpathwaybetweenthecentralnervoussystemandtheentericnervoussystem.Emergingresearchsuggeststhatprebioticscanmodulatethisaxis.Byinfluencingthegutmicrobiome,prebioticscanaffecttheproductionofneurotransmittersandneuroactivecompounds,suchasserotonin.Studieshaveshownthatprebioticsupplementationcanreducelevelsofcortisol,thestresshormone,andimproveanxiety-likebehaviorsinanimalmodels,suggestingapotentiallinkbetweenguthealthandmentalwell-being.44.Prebioticsarenaturallyfoundinmanyhigh-fiberfoods.Themostprominentsourcesincludechicoryroot,whichcontainsinulin,andJerusalemartichokes.Otherexcellentsourcesincludegarlic,onions,leeks,asparagus,bananas,andwholegrains.Incorporatingthesefoodsintoaregulardietcanhelpmaintainahealthygutmicrobiomecomposition.However,fortherapeuticdoses,concentratedsupplementsareoftenused.45.Themanipulationofthegutmicrobiotathroughprebioticsholdspromiseforthemanagementofvariouschronicdiseases.Clinicaltrialsareexploringtheirefficacyinconditionssuchasinflammatoryboweldisease(IBD),irritablebowelsyndrome(IBS),andmetabolicsyndrome.Furthermore,thereispotentialforprebioticstoenhancemineralabsorption,particularlycalciumandmagnesium,whichcouldbebeneficialinpreventingosteoporosis.Asourunderstandingofthemicrobiomedeepens,personalizedprebioticinterventionsmaybecomeastandardpartofmedicalpractice.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaglobaldebateaboutthefutureofwork.(46)WhileoptimistsenvisionafuturewhereAIliberateshumansfrommundanetasks,skepticsfearwidespreadjobdisplacementandincreasinginequality.ThisdichotomyovershadowsthemorenuancedrealitythatAIwilllikelytransformthenatureofworkratherthaneliminateitentirely.Historically,technologicalrevolutionshavedestroyedspecificjobsbutcreatednewonesthatwerepreviouslyunimaginable.(47)TheIndustrialRevolution,forinstance,mechanizedagricultureandmanufacturing,reducingthedemandformanuallaborbutcreatingamassivedemandformachineoperators,engineers,andmanagers.Similarly,theAIrevolutionisexpectedtoautomatecognitivetasks,leadingtoasurgeindemandforrolesthatrequireemotionalintelligence,creativity,andcomplexproblem-solving.(48)However,thetransitionperiodisrarelysmooth.Theskillsrequiredfortheneweconomyoftendiffersignificantlyfromthosepossessedbytheexistingworkforce.This"skillsgap"canleadtostructuralunemployment,whereworkersareunabletofillavailablejobsdespitebeingwillingtowork.(49)Therefore,thechallengeforpolicymakersisnotmerelytocreatejobs,buttoequiptheworkforcewiththeskillsnecessarytothriveinadigitizedeconomy.Thisrequiresasubstantialinvestmentineducationandvocationaltraining.Moreover,thebenefitsofAI-drivenproductivityarenotautomaticallydistributedequally.(50)Withoutproactivemeasures,thegainsfromautomationmayaccruetoasmalleliteofcapitalownersandhighlyskilledprofessionals,leavingthemajorityoftheworkforcebehind.Toensureaninclusivefuture,societiesmustdevelopframeworksforwealthredistributionandsocialsafetynetsthatprotectvulnerablepopulationsduringthisseismicshift.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouareamemberoftheuniversitylibrarycommittee.Thelibraryisplanningtopurchasenewbooksandjournalsfortheupcomingsemester.Writeanemailtothestudentstocollecttheirsuggestionsandpreferencesregardingtheacquisition.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameorthenameoftheuniversity.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)[PromptDescriptionfortheDrawingbasedontypicalexampatterns]Thedrawingdepictsascenewheretwopeoplearelookingatapottedplant.Onepersonisholdingamagnifyingglass,focusingintenselyonasmall,witheredleafontheplant,lookingworriedandcritical.Theotherpersonisstandingback,lookingatthewholeplant,whichislushandgreenwithmanyflowers,wearingasmile.Thecaptionbelowreads:"FocusontheBigPicture."答案与详细解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[B]selectively解析：文章第一段提到数字极简主义不仅仅是少用技术，而是更明智地使用。后面提到“focusyouronlinetimeonasmallnumberofcarefullyselectedactivities”（将网络时间集中在少数精心选择的活动上），因此这里指“有选择地”使用技术以支持你所看重的事情。Creatively（创造性地）、aggressively（激进地）、passively（被动地）均不符合语境。2.[C]ubiquitous解析：前文提到技术在日常生活中的普遍影响，这里指智能手机“无处不在”。Obsolete（过时的）、expensive（昂贵的）、malfunctioning（发生故障的）均与语境相反。3.[A]proposes解析：数字极简主义“提出”或“主张”一种技术使用哲学。Predicts（预测）、forbids（禁止）、ignores（忽略）不符合逻辑。4.[A]selected解析：空格前提到“smallnumberofcarefully...”，这里指精心“选择”的活动。与后文的“misstherest”（忽略其余的）形成对比。Avoided（避免）、monitored（监控）、criticized（批评）不符合“concentrateon”（专注于）的逻辑。5.[B]reluctantly解析：这里指专注于少数活动，然后“不情愿地”或“毫无遗憾地”忽略其余的。reluctantlymiss（不情愿地错过）表示一种主动的舍弃。Happily（高兴地）、anxiously（焦虑地）、boldly（大胆地）语意不如reluctantly贴切，表示一种取舍的艰难。6.[B]addictive解析：本段讨论人们与技术的关系变得“成瘾”或“不健康”。下文提到的“mindlessconsumption”（无意识的消费）和“algorithms”（算法）控制都支持这一点。Harmonious（和谐的）、superficial（肤浅的）、transactional（交易性的）不能解释后文的负面现象。7.[C]compulsively解析：人们经常发现自己“强迫性地”刷社交媒体。Purposefully（有目的地）、occasionally（偶尔地）、strategically（策略性地）与后文的“feeldrained”（感到精疲力竭）矛盾。8.[A]maximize解析：算法设计的目的是为了“最大化”用户的参与度以获取利润。Minimize（最小化）、stabilize（稳定）、recognize（识别）不符合商业逻辑。9.[B]questioning解析：数字极简主义者通过“质疑”这些平台的逻辑，来重新获得自主权。Embracing（拥抱）、designing（设计）、funding（资助）与上下文逻辑相反。10.[C]restore解析：重新获得自主权是为了“恢复”心理健康。Damage（损害）、measure（衡量）、ignore（忽略）不符合积极的结果导向。11.[B]adopting解析：这里指“采用”数字极简主义生活方式并不容易。Maintaining（维持）、describing（描述）、researching（研究）不如adopting准确，因为前文提到的是一种movement（运动），需要去加入或实践。12.[D]allure解析：人们需要抵制即时连接的“诱惑”和错失恐惧症。Convenience（便利）、novelty（新奇）、pressure（压力）虽然也是因素，但allure更能体现那种难以抗拒的吸引力。13.[A]isolation解析：人们担心断开连接会导致社交“孤立”。Mobility（流动性）、unity（团结）、security（安全）不是FOMO的主要担忧。14.[B]risks解析：支持者认为这些“风险”被夸大了。Benefits（收益）、costs（成本）、rewards（回报）在上下文中，通常人们担心的是负面结果，即risks。15.[B]strengthen解析：面对面的互动可以“加强”关系，而不是削弱。Complicate（复杂化）、formalize（正式化）、digitalize（数字化）不符合“qualityinteractions”（高质量互动）带来的益处。16.[C]enhance解析：减少数字杂乱可以“增强”专注力和效率。Disrupt（扰乱）、clarify（澄清）、require（要求）不符合语境。17.[A]remove解析：数字清理是指在30天内从生活中“移除”可选的数字技术。Purchase（购买）、update（更新）、share（分享）不符合“declutter”的定义。18.[A]offer解析：只重新引入那些能“提供”显著益处的工具。Reduce（减少）、delay（延迟）、hide（隐藏）不符合筛选工具的标准。19.[B]essential解析：目的是识别哪些技术是真正“必要的”，哪些仅仅是干扰源。Harmful（有害的）、complex（复杂的）、trendy（时髦的）不能构成有效的二分法。20.[D]redesigning解析：最终，数字极简主义是关于“重新设计”你与技术的关系。Ending（结束）、complicating（使复杂化）、curtailing（削减）不如redesigning全面，因为它包含重新引入有益的部分。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]demand-basedserviceprovision解析：文章第一段提到“individualscanoffertheirservicesonademandbasis”（个人可以按需提供服务），这是零工经济的核心特征。A、B、D均与零工经济的灵活、去中心化特征不符。22.[D]allowingflexibleworkschedules解析：第二段提到“Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork”（工人可以选择何时、何地以及工作多少），即允许灵活的工作时间表。A、B、C文中未提及或属于批评者的观点。23.[B]unstable解析：precarious意为“不稳定的”或“不安全的”。文中提到“lackaccesstoessentialbenefits”（缺乏基本福利）和“incomeevaporateswithoutasafetynet”（收入在没有安全网的情况下蒸发），都指向工作的不稳定性。Lucrative（有利可图的）、illegal（非法的）、traditional（传统的）均不符合。24.[C]digitalsurveillance解析：第三段末尾提到“creatinganewformofdigitalsurveillanceandcontrol”（创造了一种新的数字监视和控制形式）。A（增加透明度）与“opaque”（不透明）矛盾；B（工人赋权）与批评者的观点相反；D（减少市场摩擦）是支持者的观点。25.[C]Objective解析：作者在文章中既列举了支持者的观点（灵活性、效率），也列举了批评者的观点（福利缺失、算法控制），并讨论了法律困境和可能的解决方案（dependentcontractor）。语气平衡、客观，没有表现出明显的乐观、愤世嫉俗或冷漠。Text226.[B]monitoringchangesinstarbrightness解析：第一段明确指出Kepler通过监测“brightnessofover150,000stars”并检测“minutedipsinbrightness”（微小的亮度下降）来发现行星。A是JWST的功能；C、D文中未提及。27.[C]liquidwater解析：第二段提到“habitablezone”是“conditionsmightberightforliquidwatertoexist”