Unit8MakingaDifferenceSectionA4a-4d课件-人教版八年级英语下册

GrammarFocusUNIT

8Inthispart,youwill

sumuptherulesofthepresentperfectwithsince,

for,have

been

toandhave

gone

to;

usethepresentperfecttensewithsince,for,

have

been

toandhave

gone

tocorrectly.PresentationWatchtwovideosandfillintheblanks.I__________you_____athousandyears.havelovedforWe___________eachother_____wewerenineorten.haveknownsincepresentperfecttenseLeadinReadthesentences.4aHaveyoubeentoouranimalshelterbefore?No,Ihaven’t.Butoneofmyfriendshasvolunteeredhereforalongtime.Hassheeverdonevolunteerwork?Yes,shehas.ShehasbeenavolunteeratanursinghomesincelastAugust.Howlonghaveyoubeenavolunteer?Ihavebeenavolunteerhereforafewmonths.Howlonghasheworkedasavolunteeratthemuseum?Hehasvolunteeredheresincehissummerholidaysstarted.1.

表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；现在完成时|1.

定义PastPresentFutureJudyhasbeenthefirstbunnycopinZootopia.朱迪成为了动物城第一只兔子警察（动物城有了兔子警察）。Judyhasinvestigatedthiscasefor24hours.目前为止，朱迪已经调查案件超过24小时了（从24小时前一直调查到现在）Ihaveworkedherefor7years.我已经在这里工作7年了。2.

表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在，并有可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。Revision未完成用法Revision2.句型3.时间标志词4.过去分词的变化规则（详情见P65，P107-P109，P137-P141）

Readthesentences.Howareforandsince

useddifferently?4aHaveyoubeentoouranimalshelterbefore?No,Ihaven’t.Butoneofmyfriendshasvolunteeredhereforalongtime.Hassheeverdonevolunteerwork?Yes,shehas.ShehasbeenavolunteeratanursinghomesincelastAugust.Howlonghaveyoubeenavolunteer?Ihavebeenavolunteerherefor

afewmonths.Howlonghasheworkedasavolunteeratthemuseum?Hehasvolunteeredheresince

hissummerholidaysstarted.for+时间段since+过去的时间点since+从句(一般过去时）since和

for引导的时间状语,常用__________提问。

howlong

howlong、howoften、howsoon

和

howmanytimes

疑问词组中文含义询问重点典型答语Howlong多久、多长时间动作或状态持续的总长度（时间段）for

+时间段

since

+时间点Howoften多经常、频率如何动作发生的频率（规律性）once/twiceaweek（每周一/两次）

everyday（每天）

sometimes（有时）Howsoon多快、还要多久将来动作过多久后会发生（时间点距现在的间隔）in

+时间段（如：intenminutes）Howmanytimes多少次到说话时为止，动作发生的总次数（累积数字）once（一次）

threetimes（三次）

manytimes（许多次）•

时间点指的是具体的

时间，比如1点、4月

7日、2018年5月；•

时间段指的是一段时

间内，比如说一点到

三点，中间这两个小

时就是一段时间。5:30fiveyearsthreeminutes2015May5twomonths时间点时间点时间段时间点时间段时间段试着说说哪些是时间点，哪些是时间段吧！Ⅰ时间点VS时间段Ihavelivedheresince2010.我从2010年起就住在这里了。since后面接时间点，强调动作或状态的开始时间。Wehavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我们已经等你两个小时了。for后面接时间段，强调动作或状态的持续时间。Ⅱsince自从VSfor(长达，持续了)Mysisterhashadhercellphone____amonth.=Mysisterhashadhercellphone_________________.forsinceamonthago1.for+时间段2.since①+过去的时间点

②+从句(一般过去时)=since+时间段+ago1._______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4._______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7._______about4months8._______shewasababy9.________wewerechildren10._______sixhourssince&forforsincesinceforsincesincesincesincesincefor1.Thiscollegestudentenjoysvolunteeringforthearmy.She__________(teach)Englishtothesoldiers______threeyears.2.I__________(be)amemberoftheRedCrossforsixyears.Ihavemadealotoffriends______Ijoinedtheorganization.3.MrWuhastaughtinaprimaryschoolasavolunteer______twoyearsnow.______hestartedworkingthere,he__________(help)manystudents.4.Theorganization__________(train)over6,000elderlypeople______itbegantoofferclassesthreeyearsago.Completethesentenceswithfororsince.4bforsinceforSincesince现在完成时态中带有for或since的句子，动词需为延续性动词。Ⅲ延续性动词VS非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历。learn,work,stand,lie,walk,sleep,keep,wait,watch,sing,read,live等延续性动词可以与for和since引导的时间状语连用。2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。open,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy,die…Lookatthesesentences.Doyouthinktheyarerightorwrong?1Ihaveboughtthisbookfor3years.2Ihaveboughtthisbooksince3yearsago.3Hehasdiedforthreeyears.非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，在现在完成时肯定句中不可与表示一段时间的状语连用，应改用延续性动词。1Ihave

hadthisbookfor3years.2Ihave

hadthisbooksince3yearsago.3Hehasbeen

deadfor3years.Lookatthesetwosentences.Doyouthinktheyarerightorwrong?1Ihaven’theardfromhimforayear.2Ihaven’theardfromhimsince

March.在现在完成时否定句中，因为非延续性动词的“非延续性”被否定，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用，说明某个动作一直没发生。①将非延续性动词转化为意思相同的延续性动词非延续性动词转换为表持续的动词或者表状态的短语后即可在现在完成时中与表示一段时间的状语连用。延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换borrow→keep(借)become→be(成为)receive→have(收到)gotosleep→sleep(睡觉)(穿)puton(认识)gettoknow(买)buy(感冒)catchacoldwear/beonknowhave(own)/keep

haveacoldbegin(start)(开始)----beongothere(去哪里)-----betherecomeback(回来)-----bebackcomehere(来这里)----behere②将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词或副词”

openclosediebeopenbeclosedbedeadbeinbeawayfinishgotobedleavemarrybemarriedbeoverbebackbeoutbeasleepbelostbeillbein/atbein/beamemberofreturngetoutfallasleeplosefallillget(arrive,reach)join(become)Hehasdiedfortwoyears.(X)Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)Ihaveboughtthebikefor2months.(X)Ihavehad/ownedthebikefor2months.(√)()1.PremierZhouEnlai_____formanyyears,he

stilllivesintheheartsofChinesepeople.

A.died B.wasdied

C.hasdied

D.hasbeendeadD()2.—Lookatthesestamps.I_____themforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.

A.kept

B.havekept

C.havebought D.boughtB1.TheFrenchmusiciancameherelastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusician__________hereforamonth.2.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.He______________thearmy____1985.3.Themoviestartedtenminutesago.Themovie______________fortenminutes.hasbeenhasbeeninsince

hasbeenon4.Thebusleft

fiveminutesago.Thebus_____already_________forfiveminutes.5.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.Thegirl________theschoolbagsinceSeptember.6.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshop______________sincelastwinter.hasbeenawayhashadhasbeenclosed7.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm_____________fortenminutes.8.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedog________________fortwodays.hasbeenonhasbeendeadⅣ补充：havebeento/havegoneto/havebeeninhavebeentohavegonetohavebeenin"曾经去过",说话时已不在去过的地方,常与ever/never等连用。后可接次数，表示"去过某地几次"."去了某地",表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中,该人不在现场，一般不用第一/二人称作主语.表示在某地待了多久,常跟"for+一段时间"连用.用howlong进行提问.HehasbeentoBeijing.去过北京HehasgonetoBeijing.去了北京HehasbeeninBeijingfor3years.PresentationLookandsayLookatthepicturesandmatchthemwithhasbeenin,hasbeento,hasgoneto.have/hasbeeninhave/hasgonetohave/hasbeentoamuseum---Howmanytimes_____you____(be)tothismuseum?---Twice.havebeenazooHe__________(go)tothezoo.So,Mikecan'tfindhim.hasgone1.She__________Europetwice.2.Tomisnotathomenow.He__________England.3.He_________abroadmanytimes.4.---WhereisJerry?---He________home.5.Mikeandhisparents___________thenorthforhalfayear.6.I____________Beijingtwice.hasbeentohasgoneto用havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空.hasbeen注意：若havebeento或havegoneto后接副词，则省略to。hasgonehavebeeninhavebeento1.Thiscollegestudentenjoysvolunteeringforthe

army.She__________(teach)Englishtothesoldiers______threeyears.2.I__________(be)amemberoftheRedCrossforsixyears.Ihavemadealotoffriends______Ijoinedtheorganization.3.MrWuhastaughtinaprimaryschoolasavolunteer______twoyearsnow.______hestartedworkingthere,he__________(help)manystudents.4.Theorganization__________(train)over6,000elderlypeople______itbegantoofferclassesthreeyearsago.4bforsinceforSincesinceCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbracketsandfororsince.hastaughthavebeenhashelpedhastrainedarmyn.军队pl.armiesjointhearmy（参军）serveinthearmy（服兵役）thearmyandnavy（陆海两军）regulararmy（正规军）soldiern.士兵；军人primaryadj.小学教育的；首要的；初级的primaryschool（小学）primarycause（主要原因）primarygoal（首要目标）primarylevel（初级水平）Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.4cIlovebeingavolunteer!I____________(work)withasportsorganizationforalmostthreeyearsnow.SinceIstarted,I___________(help)outatovertendifferentsportsevents.I___________(make)manynewfriendsandI______even______(meet)manyfamousathletes.Forexample,I_________(meet)twonationalfootballplayersfromArgentinalastmonth.Theywereatastadiumforacharitymatch.Thestadium_______(be)sobigthatthey______(get)lost.Igavethemdirectionsandthey__________(smile)and___________(thank)mewarmly.Iamproudtobeavolunteer.haveworkedhavehelpedhavemadehavemetmetwasgotsmiledthankedhelpout分担工作；帮忙做help(sb)outwithsth帮助某人处理某事char