初升高中英语暑假衔接材料：专题02 限定性定语从句速通（暑假复习讲义）（解析版）

/专题02限定性定语从句速通考点序号考点聚焦考点一限定性定语从句考点二关系代词引导的定语从句考点三关系副词引导的定语从句考点四介词+关系代词引导的定语从句脉脉｜络｜重｜构考考｜点｜精｜讲考点一限定性定语从句【知识精讲】限定性定语从句一．定义用来限定、明确先行词（前面的名词/代词）的定语从句，无逗号与主句隔开；从句是主句不可或缺的一部分，去掉从句后主句含义模糊、指代不清，无法独立表意。作用：缩小先行词范围，区分同类人/事物，起限定辨别作用。二．结构万能公式：先行词+关系词+从句剩余部分名词解释-先行词：被修饰的名词/代词（放在从句最前面）-关系词：who/whom/whose/which/that/when/where/why，连接主句从句，替代先行词-核心特点：从句和主句之间无逗号隔开，从句不可删除例句：Theboywhowearsajacketismyfriend.句子拆分（对应万能公式）：1.先行词：theboy（被修饰名词，指代人）2.关系词：who（连接句子，代替theboy，从句作主语）3.从句：whowearsajacket（限定：穿夹克的，用来区分别的男孩）4.主句：Theboyismyfriend三．限定性定语从句vs非限定性定语从句1.有无逗号（最直观区分标志）限定：Ilikethebooksthatyoubought.我喜欢你买的那些书。（无逗号）非限定：Ilikethesebooks,whichyoubought.我很喜欢这些书，这些书是你买的。（有逗号）2.从句是否必不可少限定（删去看不懂）：Thegirlwhowearsredismydeskmate.穿红衣服的女孩是我同桌。删从句：Thegirlismydeskmate.（哪个女孩？指代模糊）非限定（删去主干完整）：Mydeskmate,whowearsred,lovesmusic.我的同桌，她穿红衣服，喜欢音乐。删从句：Mydeskmatelovesmusic.（句意完整）3.that的使用规则限定可用that：ThisisthebestgiftthatIhavegot.非限定禁止that（错误）：Hepassedtheexam,thatmadeushappy.正确：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadeushappy.4.关系词能否省略限定（作宾语可省）：Thepen(which/that)Ilostisnew.非限定（不可省）：Thispen,whichIlost,isnew.不能去掉which5.which指代整件事（仅非限定独有）非限定可指代前面整句话，限定不行：Hefailedthetest,whichmadehismomangry.他考试不及格，这件事让妈妈很生气。【典例破题】用适当的关系代词填空，并判断该从句是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。1.Theman______iswearingaredtieismyuncle.2.Myuncle,______iswearingaredtie,iscomingtodinnertonight.答案小题填空从句类型关键依据1who/that限定性无逗号，说明“穿红领带”是必要的限定，用来明确是哪个男人（暗示说话者可能有多个叔叔）。2who（不可用that）非限定性有逗号，说明“穿红领带”是补充说明，因为前面“Myuncle”已经明确了是唯一的叔叔，去掉该从句句子依然完整。【巩固提升】请标出定语从句1.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.2.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisverythick.3.Myuncle,whoisapainter,willvisitustomorrow.4.Thehousewhichstandsonthecornerhasbeensold.5.Thiscity,whereIwasborn,haschangedalot.6.Thescientistwhomweinterviewedisfamous.7.Mybestfriend,whosefatherisapilot,lovestraveling.8.Thestudentswhofinishthetestearlymayleave.9.Theparkthatwevisitedyesterdaywasbeautiful.10.TheEiffelTower,whichisinParis,isapopularlandmark.答案（括号内即为定语从句）1.Thewoman(wholivesnextdoor)isadoctor.2.Thebook(thatIborrowedfromthelibrary)isverythick.3.Myuncle,(whoisapainter),willvisitustomorrow.4.Thehouse(whichstandsonthecorner)hasbeensold.5.Thiscity,(whereIwasborn),haschangedalot.6.Thescientist(whomweinterviewed)isfamous.7.Mybestfriend,(whosefatherisapilot),lovestraveling.8.Thestudents(whofinishthetestearly)mayleave.9.Thepark(thatwevisitedyesterday)wasbeautiful.10.TheEiffelTower,(whichisinParis),isapopularlandmark.考点二关系代词引导的定语从句【知识精讲】关系代词及其用法二．只用that（不能用which）的5种情况（指物时）：1.先行词被序数词（first,last）或最高级（best,most）修饰时。ThisisthemosttouchingmoviethatIhaveeverseen.2.先行词是不定代词（all,everything,nothing,little,much,none）时。Allthatglittersisnotgold.（闪光的未必都是金子）3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame修饰时。ItistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.4.先行词既有人又有物时。Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweremembered.5.主句以which开头（避免重复）时。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?【易错】关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数必须与先行词保持一致。Heisoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatmath.（先行词是students，复数）Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoisgoodatmath.（先行词是one，单数，因为加了theonly）【典例破题】填写关系代词Thebook______Iboughtyesterdayisuseful.答案：that/which解析：先行词thebook指物，从句缺宾语，限定性定语从句，可用that/which【巩固提升】单选Thegirl______helpedmewithmyEnglishismydeskmateA.whichB.whoC.whatD.where2.Thisistheoldbike______myfatherboughttenyearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.who3.Iknowtheboy______youmetattheschoolgateyesterday.A.whoseB.whomC.whereD.why4.Thisistheonlystorybook______Ilikebest.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who5.Wevisitedthevillage______houseswerebuiltlastyear.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.whom6.All______weneedisenoughtimetofinishthework.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who7.Theman______carbrokedownneedshelpnow.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which8.Thepeopleanddogs______wesawtherewereveryfriendly.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what9.Thepen______Iwrotehomeworkislosttoday.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why10.Heisthefirststudent______passedthedifficultexam.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.what答案+精简解析1.B先行词指人，从句缺主语，用who2.A先行词指物，限定从句可用that3.B先行词指人，从句缺宾语，用whom4.B考点：theonly后，限定从句只能用that5.A表所属“村庄的房子”，用whose6.B考点：不定代词all后，只能用that7.C表所属“男士的车”，用whose8.B考点：先行词人+物，只能用that9.A先行词指物，从句缺宾语，用that10.C考点：序数词thefirst后，只能用that考点三关系副词引导的定语从句【知识精讲】经典例句：when：Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.（我还记得我们初次见面的那一天。）where：ThisisthecaféwhereIusedtowork.（这是我以前工作的咖啡馆。）why：Tellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate.（告诉我你迟到的原因。）二．where不只指“具体地点”在高级写作和阅读中，where引导的定语从句可以修饰抽象名词，表示“在...方面/阶段/情况下”。where的先行词可以是：situation（情况）,case（案例）,point（地步）,stage（阶段）,condition（条件）,activity（活动）,system（体系）。Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.（我们已经到了需要变革的地步。）Hegotintoasituationwhereitwashardtomakeadecision.（他陷入了难以做决定的境地。）三．如何区分用“关系代词”还是“关系副词”？判断法则：缺主语或宾语→用关系代词(who/whom/which/that)缺状语（主谓宾齐全）→用关系副词(when/where/why)对比：1.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.从句是Ivisited__。visit是及物动词，后面缺宾语（参观“工厂”）。→用which/that（作宾语）。2.ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedlastyear.从句是Iworked__。work是不及物动词，主谓齐全，不缺宾语，缺的是地点状语（在工厂里）。→用where（作状语）。3.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithyou.spend是及物动词，后面缺宾语（度过“那些日子”）。→用which/that。4.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenweplayedtogether.play是不及物动词，主谓齐全，缺时间状语。→用when。【典例破题】填写关系副词Istillremembertheday______Ifirstmetyou.答案：when解析：先行词theday表时间，从句主谓结构完整，不缺主语宾语，用关系副词when【巩固提升】Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthemusicclub.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.what2.Thisisthesmalltown______mygrandparentslive.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.whom3.Pleasetellmethereason______youwerelateforschool.A.whichB.whoC.whyD.when4.Ilikethepark______Icanrelaxmyselfonweekends.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whose5.Doyouknowthetime______thesportsmeetingwillstart?A.whyB.whereC.whenD.which6.Thisistheoffice______myfatherworkseveryday.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that7.Thereason______hegaveupthejobisunknowntous.A.whyB.whenC.whoseD.whom8.Istillrememberthesummer______wetravelledtogether.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which9.Theshop______Iboughtmybagisnearourschool.A.whenB.whyC.whereD.who10.Wedon’tknowthereason______sheleftquietly.A.whichB.whyC.whereD.when答案+精简解析1.B先行词theday表时间，从句句意完整，用when2.A先行词town表地点，从句句意完整，用where3.C先行词reason表原因，固定用why4.B先行词park表地点，从句不缺主干，用where5.C先行词time表时间，从句完整，用when6.B先行词office地点，从句完整，用where7.A先行词reason原因，限定从句用why8.B先行词summer时间，从句完整，用when9.C先行词shop地点，从句完整，用where10.B先行词reason原因，从句完整，用why考点四介词+关系代词引导的定语从句【知识精讲】二、介词到底怎么选？1.来自从句中的动词固定搭配（最常见）介词必须与从句中的谓语动词构成固定短语。SheisthepersontowhomItalkedyesterday.（talktosb.）Thisisthegoalforwhichwearestriving.（strivefor）2.来自从句中的形容词固定搭配介词与从句中的形容词构成搭配。Itwasachallengeofwhichwewereproud.（beproudof）3.来自先行词与介词的逻辑关系（表时间/地点/方式）此时相当于关系副词的正式版。Istillrememberthedayonwhichwemet.（=when）ThisistheroominwhichIlive.（=where）Thatisthewayinwhichhesolvedit.（=how，但不能用how引导定语从句，只能用inwhich或that/省略）【注意】介词绝对不能提前的两种情况！陷阱一：固定动词短语中的介词不能前置（“动介”不分离）如果动词和介词是不可分割的固定短语（尤其是表示动作的短语），介词必须留在动词后面，不能提前。❌ThisisthebabyofwhomItakecare.（错误）✅Thisisthebaby(whom/who/that)Itakecareof.（正确，因为takecareof是一个整体）❌Thesearetheissuesaboutwhichwehavetalked.（注意：talkabout可以提前，因为不是固定习语？不对，talkabout通常认为是可以拆的。真正不能拆的是：lookfor,listento,callon,getover,gothrough等）更准确的判断标准：如果去掉介词，动词意思会发生剧变或不成短语，则不能前置。IfoundthepenwhichIwaslookingfor.（不能写成forwhich，虽然语法允许，但口语习惯后置。正式书面语中，为了优雅有时会强行提前，但lookfor太口语化，一般后置。核心陷阱是：如果介词与动词结合极紧，如dependon,relyon,laughat，虽然语法上可以提前，但会让句子极不自然，考试中常考的是inwhich等方位介词，而不是动作短语的介词。）陷阱二：介词后面绝不能接that或who记住公式：介词+whom（人）/which（物）。即使你想用that，语法上完全错误。【典例破题】填写介词+关系代词Thisistheroom____________Ilivedlastyear.答案：inwhich解析：先行词room地点，livein为固定搭配，限定性定语从句，介词提前，用inwhich（等同于where）【巩固提升】单选1.Thefamousscientist______wehavelearnedagreatdealisgoingtogiveusalecturenextweek.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhomD.aboutwhom2.Thespeed______whichthecarwastravelingwasalarming.A.byB.atC.inD.on3.Theoldpainter______Ilearnedthebasicskillshaspassedaway.A.whoB.fromwhomC.aboutwhomD.whom4.Shehasthreedaughters,two______aredoctors.A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.whoD.that5.Thestadium______wewatchedthefootballmatchlastnighthasahistoryof50years.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that6.Thecompany,______heworkedfortenyears,wentbankruptlastmonth.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.inwhich7.Fortunately,wehadamap,without______wewouldhavegotlost.A.whichB.thatC.itD.what8.Theguitar______sheaccompaniedhersingingwasmadeinSpain.A.whichB.withwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich9.Theclassroom,thedoor______isbroken,needstoberepaired.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.that10.Hemadeagreatcontributiontotheproject,______weareproud.A.ofwhichB.aboutwhichC.whichD.forwhich答案解析与考点提炼1.正确答案：C.fromwhom解析：从句结构为wehavelearnedagreatdeal__。固定搭配learnagreatdealfromsb.（从某人那里学到很多）。指代“人”（scientist），且介词from前置，关系代词必须用whom。A（who）不能直接放在介词后；D（aboutwhom）搭配错误。考点：介词来自从句谓语动词的固定搭配+指人用whom。2.正确答案：B.at解析：从句为thecarwastraveling__thespeed。固定搭配travelataspeedof...（以……速度行驶）。speed前面习惯搭配介词at。此题直接考查介词选择。考点：介词与先行词的逻辑搭配（表方式/状态）。3.正确答案：B.fromwhom解析：从句为Ilearnedthebasicskills__thepainter。固定搭配learnfromsb.。同样是指人+介词前置，选fromwhom。C（aboutwhom）意为“关于他”，不符合语境。考点：同上，巩固“learnfrom”的介词前置。4.正确答案：B.ofwhom解析：先行词是threedaughters（人），从句表示“其中两个”。结构为数词/代词+of+关系代词。指人用ofwhom，指物用ofwhich。A（ofwhich）指物；C/D不能构成“部分与整体”结构。考点：表示整体中的一部分（twoofwhom）。5.正确答案：C.inwhich解析：从句为wewatchedthefootballmatch__thestadium。固定搭配inthestadium（在体育场里）。A（where）虽然语法也正确，但本题专项考查“介词+关系代词”，且C能完美替换where。B/D在从句中无法作地点状语（缺主语或宾语时才用）。考点：表地点的正式语体（inwhich=where）。6.正确答案：C.forwhich解析：从句为heworked__thecompanyfortenyears。固定搭配workforacompany（为某公司工作）。有逗号隔开，是非限制性定语从句，指物用which，介词用for。D（inwhich）意为“在里面工作”，但workin更强调在某个场所内部，而workfor强调“效力于”，结合语境（公司）用for更佳；此处严格按搭配选C。考点：非限制性定语从句+介词来自“workfor”。7.正确答案：A.which解析：从句为without__wewouldhavegotlost。先行词是amap（物）。介词without提前，指物只能用which。虚拟语气提示如果没有地图就会迷路。B（that）不能放在介词后；C（it）不能引导定语从句；D（what）不能引导定语从句。考点：介词+关系代词（无生命物体，用which）。8.正确答案：B.withwhich解析：从句为sheaccompaniedhersinging__theguitar。固定搭配accompanysb.withamusicalinstrument（用吉他伴奏），或者理解为“弹着吉他伴奏”，工具用介词with。指物用which。C（bywhich）通常表方式或被动语态中的施动者，不用于乐器伴奏。考点：介词来自表示“工具”的搭配（with）。9.正确答案：B.ofwhich解析：从句意为“教室的门坏了”。先行词classroom（物）与thedoor是所属关系。定语从句中表“某物的……”，可用whose+名词或名词+ofwhich。本题空格前是thedoor，所以必须用ofwhich（thedoorofwhich=whosedoor）。如果空格前没有thedoor（如____doorisbroken），则选A（whose）。考点：所属关系的两种表达（whose/ofwhich）的选择，看名词位置。10.正确答案：A.ofwhich解析：从句为weareproud__theproject。固定搭配beproudof...（为……感到自豪）。非限制性定语从句中指物，介词of前置，用ofwhich。D（forwhich）搭配错误。考点：介词来自从句形容词的固定搭配（proudof）。填写适当的连接词1.Thisisthebestmovie______Ihaveeverseen.2.Iwillneverforgetthepark______wehadapicniclastweekend.3.Theboy______fatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.4.Thegirl______wemetonthestreetismynewclassmate.5.Iknowthereason______herefusedtheinvitation.6.Thisistheschool____________Istudiedforsixyears.7.Everything______hetoldmeistrue.8.Theman____________IspokeismyEnglishteacher.9.Theday______Ijoinedtheclubwasunforgettable.10.Heistheonlyperson______canhelpyououtoftrouble.答案+逐题考点解析1.that考点：最高级thebest修饰先行词，限定从句只用that2.where考点：先行词地点，从句主谓完整，用关系副词where3.whose考点：表所属“男孩的爸爸”，限定从句用whose4.who/whom/that考点：先行词指人，从句缺宾语，三者均可5.why考点：先行词reason，表原因，用关系副词why6.inwhich考点：studyintheschool固定搭配，介词提前7.that考点：不定代词everything作先行词，只用that8.towhom考点：speaktosb固定搭配，先行词指人，介词提前9.when考点：先行词表时间，从句结构完整，用when10.that考点：theonly修饰先行词，限定从句只能用that二．单选2023.3Kennystillrememberstheclassdiscussion________theteacheraskedstudentstosharewhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.where2022.6Guidebooksarepreparedtosuittheconvenienceofthetraveler,______routesroundacityorasiteareoftensuggested.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.forwhomD.withwhom2022.3Whenpeoplethinkaboutoperatingsystemsweredevelopedforthepersonalcomputer,Microsoftmaycometomind.A.whatB.whereC.whoD.which2021.03WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes___wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A.fromwhichB.inwhichC.withwhomD.forwhom2021.06Inthespring,aseason________wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.A.whenB.whereC.what