国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试题库及答案(英语短文判断)

国家电网公司专业技术人员电力英语水平考试题库及答案(英语短文判断)PartI短文判断（True/False）共30篇微型技术短文，每篇90–110词，后附3道判断题，答案与解析直接置于题后，方便即时核对。所有文本均为原创，场景聚焦国家电网输、变、配、用、调五大环节，词汇控制在B1–B2水平，兼顾CET-4与电力专业术语。Passage1Ultra-high-voltagedirect-current(UHVDC)linescanmovethousandsofmegawattsovertwothousandkilometreswithonly±0.5Hzfrequencydeviation.Theconverterstationsusethyristorvalvescooledbyde-ionisedwater-glycolmixture.China’s1100kVUHVDCcorridorfromXinjiangtoAnhuiloseslessthan3%ofthetransportedenergy,afigurethatincludescorona,resistiveandconverterlosses.Reactive-powercompensatorsareplacedevery350kmtokeepthevoltageprofileflat.1.UHVDClinescantransmitseveralgigawattsacrossmorethan2000km.(True)解析：首句“thousandsofmegawatts”即数吉瓦，距离“overtwothousandkilometres”明确。2.Thecoolantforthyristorvalvesispurede-ionisedwaterwithoutanyadditives.(False)解析：文中为“water-glycolmixture”，并非纯水。3.TotallossesintheXinjiang–Anhuilinkarebelow3%.(True)解析：第三句明确“loseslessthan3%”。Passage2Adigitaltwinofa500kVsubstationisupdatedevery100msthroughmergingunitscompliantwithIEC61850-9-2LE.Thetwinpredictshotspottemperatureoftransformerwindingswithanerrorbandof±2°C.Maintenancecrewsaccessthemodelvia5GSAnetworkslicesthatguarantee20mslatency.Augmented-realitygogglesoverlaythevirtualbusbarvoltagesonthephysicalequipment.4.Thedigitaltwinrefreshcycleistentimespersecond.(True)解析：100ms即10Hz。5.Thetemperaturepredictionuncertaintyiswithin1°C.(False)解析：±2°C而非1°C。6.CrewsviewvirtualdatathroughVRheadsetsratherthanARgoggles.(False)解析：文中为“augmented-realitygoggles”，非VR。Passage3In2022,StateGridJiangsuEMStrialledaquantumkeydistribution(QKD)channeltoprotectAGCsignals.The120kmfibrelinkusedpolarization-encodedqubitswithasecret-keyrateof250kb/s.Classicalsymmetrickeyswererefreshedevery60seconds,wellwithinthecoherencetimeofthequantumchannel.Noencryptionbreakdownwasobservedduringthe72-hourstresstestthatincluded1000MWrampevents.7.TheQKDtrialencryptedAGCcommandsinrealtime.(True)解析：首句“toprotectAGCsignals”即实时加密。8.Thekeyrenewalintervalexceededoneminute.(False)解析：每60秒更新一次，未超过。9.Thetestwitnesseda1GWpowerswing.(True)解析：1000MW即1GW。Passage4A220kVXLPEcablecircuitinChongmingislanduses1600mm²Cuconductorsand2%carbon-blackfilledsemiconlayers.Themetallicsheathisbondedcross-bondingstyletoeliminatecirculatingcurrents.After24-hour2.5U₀withstandtest,the0.1HzVLFtanδvaluestabilisedat1.3×10⁻³,indicatingnegligiblewater-treedegradation.10.Theconductorcross-sectionis1800mm².(False)解析：1600mm²。11.Cross-bondingreducessheathlosses.(True)解析：消除环流即减少损耗。12.Thetanδresultsuggestssevereageing.(False)解析：1.3×10⁻³为良好值。Passage5A10kVSiCMOSFET-basedsolid-statetransformer(SST)inHangzhousupplies750VDCforfastchargers.Thedual-active-bridgestagereaches98.2%efficiencyat50%loadthanksto80kHzsoftswitching.Theisolationbarrierusesnanocrystallinecorematerialwhosesaturationfluxdensityis1.2T.13.TheSSToutputis1000VDC.(False)解析：750V。14.Peakefficiencyoccursathalfload.(True)解析：50%load达98.2%。15.Thecorematerialisferrite.(False)解析：nanocrystalline，非ferrite。Passage6A1MW/4MWhlithium-iron-phosphatebatteryinTibetoperatesat4500maltitude.ThePCSderatesto0.85p.u.duetothinaircooling.Celltemperatureiskeptbelow25°Cbyliquidcoldplates;otherwisecapacityfadewoulddoubleevery8°Crise.TheDCbusfloatsat1500Vwithinsulationmonitorstriggeringat1MΩ.16.Thebatteryenergy-to-powerratiois4:1.(True)解析：4MWh/1MW。17.Capacityfaderatedoublesper10°Crise.(False)解析：文中为8°C。18.Insulationalarmthresholdis500kΩ.(False)解析：1MΩ。Passage7StateGridShandongusesdroneswarmstoinspect1000kVAClines.Eachhexacoptercarriesa45MPinfraredcameraand5Gbit/smm-wavebackhaul.AIedgechipsflagbrokenstrandswhenreflectancedrops8%belowbaseline.Batteryswapstationsontransmissiontowersenable24-hourloopmissions.19.Thecameraresolutionis24MP.(False)解析：45MP。20.Brokenstrandsaredetectedbyreflectancechange.(True)解析：下降8%即报警。21.Droneslandonthegroundforbatteryswap.(False)解析：塔上换电站。Passage8Avirtualpowerplant(VPP)inTianjinaggregates300000air-conditioners.Byliftingtheset-point1°Cfor15minutes,itsheds180MWwithoutconsumerdiscomfort.Thedispatchalgorithmusesnon-intrusiveloadmonitoring(NILM)toverifyeachunit’sresponse.PaymentiscreditedthroughblockchainsmartcontractsinkWhtokens.22.TheVPPreducesloadby180MW.(True)解析：明确给出。23.Consumersfeeluncomfortableaftertheadjustment.(False)解析：withoutdiscomfort。24.Remunerationissettledinfiatmoney.(False)解析：kWhtokens。Passage9A500kVseries-capacitorbankinShanxicompensates40%oflinereactance.Themetal-oxidevaristor(MOV)energyratingis10MJperphase.Duringa200mssingle-phasefault,theMOVtemperaturerose45°C,wellbelowthe120°Cthermallimit.25.Compensationdegreeis0.4p.u.(True)解析：40%。26.MOVenergymarginwasexceeded.(False)解析：45°C<120°C。27.Thefaultlasted0.2s.(True)解析：200ms。Passage10AhybridLCC-VSCHVDCprojectlinksHebeitoJiangsu.Therectifiersideusesline-commutatedconverters(LCC)for8GWbulkpower,whiletheinverteremploysmodularmultilevelconverters(MMC)tofeedweakACgrids.DCvoltageis±800kV;thesubmarinecablesectionis120kmlong.28.TherectifierisbasedonMMCtechnology.(False)解析：LCC。29.Theschemecandeliver8GW.(True)解析：明确给出。30.Thecablerouteis120km.(True)解析：末句。Passage11A35kVdistributionnetworkinSuzhouadoptsaDC-linkbackbone.The±30kVDCbustiesthreeAC35kVfeedersthroughbidirectionalAC/DCconverters.Power-flowcontrollersbasedonthyristor-switchedcapacitors(TSC)balanceloadinrealtime.Energylossesdrop18%comparedtotheoriginalACmesh.31.TheDCvoltagemagnitudeis30kV.(True)解析：±30kV。32.TSCisusedforactivepowercontrol.(False)解析：TSC控制无功。33.Lossreductionexceeds15%.(True)解析：18%。Passage12Amicro-gridonNanjiislandintegrates60kWPV,80kWwindand200kWhzinc-bromineflowbatteries.Theelectrolytepumpsconsume2%ofgrossstorageenergy.A50kWdieselgensetservesascoldreserve.Duringa3-daytyphoon,themicro-gridoperatedinislandedmodewith99.4%availability.34.Storagetechnologyislithium-based.(False)解析：zinc-bromine。35.Pumplossesaccountfor2%.(True)解析：明确给出。36.Availabilityduringtyphoonwasbelow99%.(False)解析：99.4%。Passage13A100MVA500/220kVtransformerinHunanisretrofittedwithester-basednaturalesterfluid.Thefirepointrisesto360°C,allowingindoorinstallationwithoutdelugesystems.Dielectricstrengthimproves15%comparedtomineraloil.Theretrofillprocesstook36hourswhiletheunitremainedenergizedthroughatemporarymobiletransformer.37.Thenewfluidissyntheticester.(False)解析：naturalester。38.Dielectricstrengthincreased.(True)解析：15%。39.Thetransformerwasde-energisedforretrofill.(False)解析：保持带电。Passage14A1500VDCtractionsubstationinChongqingrecycles1.2GWhperyearofbrakingenergyviareversiblerectifiers.Thesuper-capacitorbankrated10MJbufferssudden4MWsurges.Energyisfedbackto35kVACgridthrougha3-levelNPCinverter.Paybackperiodis5.8years.40.Thesubstationuseslithiumbatteriesforbuffering.(False)解析：super-capacitor。41.Annualenergysavingis1.2GWh.(True)解析：明确给出。42.Paybackisundersixyears.(True)解析：5.8<6。Passage15A345kVphase-shiftingtransformer(PST)inLiaoningcontrolsloopflowbyinjectingquadraturevoltage.Theon-loadtap-changer(OLTC)has33steps,±20°phaseshiftrange.Duringpeakwinter,thePSTreducedparallelpathloadingfrom1200Ato800A,deferringa500MVAupgrade.43.ThePSTcanvaryphaseangle±20°.(True)解析：明确给出。44.LoopflowincreasedafterPSTaction.(False)解析：负载降低。45.Upgradedeferralequals500MVA.(True)解析：明确给出。Passage16A10kVoverheadlineinYunnanusescarbon-fibrecompositecoreconductors(ACCC).Thethermallimitis210°C,doublingampacityversusACSR.Sagat180°Cis1.2mlowerthanACSRat100°C,allowinglongerspans.Coronaonsetvoltageis15%higherduetosmoothersurface.46.ACCCampacityistwicethatofACSR.(True)解析：doubling。47.Sagisreduced.(True)解析：低1.2m。48.Coronaperformanceisworse.(False)解析：高15%。Passage17A500kVgas-insulatedline(GIL)inShanghairuns6kminsideatunnel.SF₆-N₂mixtureat7barinsulates4000Awith0.05%annualleakage.Theenclosureis50%recycledaluminium.Magneticfieldat1misbelow1µT,meetingWHOguidelines.49.PureSF₆isused.(False)解析：SF₆-N₂mixture。50.Leakagerateis0.05%peryear.(True)解析：明确给出。51.FieldexposurecomplieswithWHOlimits.(True)解析：<1µT。Passage18A2MVA10/0.4kVamorphous-coretransformerinJiangxicutsno-loadlossto190W,75%lowerthansilicon-steel.Thealloyribbonis25µmthickandannealedinnitrogen.Soundlevelis38dBat1m,suitableforurbansubstations.52.No-loadlossreductionis75%.(True)解析：明确给出。53.Corematerialissilicon-steel.(False)解析：amorphous。54.Noiseexceeds40dB.(False)解析：38dB。Passage19A220kVlineinQinghaiusesdrone-deployedconductivefilmtomeltice.The20µmaluminiumfilmissprayedontoconductorsbyUAVs,raisingresistance5%andgenerating15W/mheatat800A.Iceshedswithin30minuteswithoutlineoutage.55.Filmincreasesresistance5%.(True)解析：明确给出。56.De-icingrequiresshutdown.(False)解析：withoutoutage。57.Heatoutputis15Wpermetre.(True)解析：明确给出。Passage20A3-level800kVMMCvalveinGuizhouuses4.5kVSi-IGBTswithactivegatedrivers.Submodulecapacitorsarepolypropylenefilmrated1kJ/kV.Thevalvehalliskeptat20°C±1°Ctolimitcapacitancedrift.Redundantfibreloopsachieve99.999%communicationavailability.58.IGBTvoltageclassis4.5kV.(True)解析：明确给出。59.Capacitortechnologyiselectrolytic.(False)解析：polypropylenefilm。60.Temperaturetoleranceis±2°C.(False)解析：±1°C。Passage21A50Hz1000kVACpilotprojectinShanxiuseseight-bundleconductorswith840mm²aluminium.Radio-interference(RI)levelat20mis42dBµV/m,belowCISPRlimit.Thetowerheightis110m,basewidth55m,designedfor30m/swind.61.Bundlenumberissix.(False)解析：eight。62.RIcomplieswithCISPR.(True)解析：belowlimit。63.Winddesignspeedis35m/s.(False)解析：30m/s。Passage22A1MWrooftopPVarrayinShenzhenuses210mmhalf-cutcellswith22.1%efficiency.Micro-inverterspermodulemitigatepartialshading,raisingyield8%.Dataareloggedevery5secondstoacloudplatformviaNB-IoT.Annualdegradationisguaranteed≤0.45%.64.Cellefficiencyexceeds22%.(True)解析：22.1%。65.Centralinvertersareadopted.(False)解析：micro-inverters。66.Degradationguaranteeis0.5%.(False)解析：≤0.45%。Passage23A220kVXLPEcabletunnelinWuhanfeaturesrobot-mountedlidarscans.The3Dmodelaccuracyis±2mm,detectingjacketabrasionearly.Robotsmoveonmagneticrailsat0.5m/s,covering2kmpershift.Batteryswapisautomaticatchargingbaysevery5km.67.Lidarerroriswithin3mm.(True)解析：±2mm。68.Robotspeedis1m/s.(False)解析：0.5m/s。69.Swapstationsarespaced5kmapart.(True)解析：明确给出。Passage24A5MW/15MWhlithium-titanatebatteryinDalianprovides2Cpeakshaving.Thesystemrespondsin50mstoAGCsignals.Cyclelifeexceeds20000at90%DOD.Cellsoperatefrom−30°Cto55°Cwithoutheaters.70.Peakpoweris5MW.(True)解析：明确给出。71.Responsetimeisunder100ms.(True)解析：50ms。72.Minimumtemperatureis−40°C.(False)解析：−30°C。Passage25A330kVfixed-seriescapacitorinNingxiauses8%sub-synchronousdampingcontroller(SSDC).Duringa250MWgeneratortest,torsionalinteractionat18Hzwasreduced70%.TheSSDCinjectsdampingcurrentatslipfrequencyderivedfromrotorspeed.73.SSDCmitigatessub-synchronousresonance.(True)解析：明确功能。74.Interactionfrequencyis50Hz.(False)解析：18Hz。75.Dampingreductionis50%.(False)解析：70%。Passage26A1000kVsurgearresterinShanxiuses63mmdiameterZnOblocks.The2mssquare-waveenergyis8MJ.Pressure-reliefcapabilityis63kArms.Housingissilicone-rubberforhydrophobicity.76.Blockdiameteris50mm.(False)解析：63mm。77.Energyratingis8MJ.(True)解析：明确给出。78.Housingmaterialisporcelain.(False)解析：silicone-rubber。Passage27A220kVundergroundsubstationinBeijingoccupies0.8hectares,60%lesslandthanopen-airtype.Coolingisviaclosed-loopwaterpipesrejectingheattoanearbylake.Noiseatpropertylineis42dB(A),meetingClass-1urbanlimits.79.Landsavingis50%.(False)解析：60%。80.Heatisdumpedtoair-cooledtowers.(False)解析：lakecooling。81.Noisecomplieswithurbanstandard.(True)解析：42dB(A)符合一类区。Passage28A500kVlineinInnerMongoliausesbird-divertingspirals.The30cmdiameterPVCspiralsreducebirdcollision85%.Installationsareat50mintervalsonearth-wirepeaks.Maintenanc