Unit 1 using language 语法-2022-2023学年高一英语（外研版2019必修第一册）

Unit1AnewstartUsinglanguage学音标读任何一个单词学句型看懂任何一个句子GrammarBasicsentencestructures

Matchthesentencesthatsharethesamestructures.1.Isawawhite-hairedman.2.Ireplied.3.Hegavemeasmile.4.Ibreatheddeeply.5.Ilookedattheminpanic.6.Iwasembarrassed.7.Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed!aHewasfriendly.bTheexammademequitenervous.cIpassedhimabook.dSheagreed.eHewrotealongletter.fHetalkedloudly.gShelookedafterhersisterpatiently.Ifyouwanttoexpressyourideasclearlyandcompletely(清楚完整地表达你的想法）,whichonewillyouchoose,usingwordsorsentences?sentencesSubject主语Verb谓语动词Object宾语directobject(直接宾语）indirectobjectobjectcomplement（宾语补语）mainelementsadverbial（状语）attributive(定语）usedtomodifyawordorsentence

Whatmakesasentence?一个句子由哪些成分组成？Grammar:Basicsentencestructures基本句型1.S+V(主+谓）2.S+V+P(主+系+表）3.S+V+O(主+谓+宾）4.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾）5.S+V+O+OC

(主+谓+宾+宾补）6.S+V+A（主+谓+状）7.S+V+O+A(主+谓+宾+状）

什么+怎么样主语（人/物）一个英文句子就是在表达：主语+谓语动词（主语可以独立完成的动作）1【句子说明的人或事物，即：什么】S+V（主语+谓语动词）

谓语是主语所做的动作。这种句型的动词是不及物动词（即该动作可以独立发生，不牵涉到别的人或物。动词后不可以直接接宾语,本身句子意思已经完整）。常见的不及物动词有：work,jump,arrive,come,disappear,cry,happen,die等。Heisworking.Hewillcome.Shesleeps.Iarrived.Iamcrying.谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有特征或状态※JayChouisafamoussinger.Helikessingingbest.Theyoungshowgreatinterestinhismusic.It’shardforhimtoloseweight.Doingmoreexerciseishelpfultokeepfit.Whathereallyneedsisacupofbubbletea.※（名词）（代词）（The+adj.作名词）（句子）（todo不定式作真正主语）（动名词）※考1※主语（subject)【句子说明的人或事物】主语+谓语动词+宾语（有1个动作承受者）2【动作作用的对象】S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语）

Hereadbooks.Iplaybasketball.Shelikesyou.Iadmirethem.Weloveourmotherland.此句型的谓语动词是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语，这样句子意思才完整。宾语是动作作用的对象。考宾语【动作的对象或承受者——及物动词/介词后】1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn’tsayanything.3.IfounditinterestingtolearnEnglish.4.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.5.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.6.CanyouwritedownwhatIsaid?（名词）（代词）（形式宾语）（不定式）（动名词）（句子）※※主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（有2个动作承受者）3give给，要做“给”的动作，首先要有给的东西，还得有人接受Hegivesmeapen.SheteachesusEnglish.Sheshowsuscare.有些谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。直接宾语通常是物，间接宾语通常是人。两个宾语并不相等S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）

主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（有2个动作承受者）3Hegivesmeapen.SheteachesusEnglish.Sheshowsuscare.常见的接双宾语的动词有：buy,bring,give,lend,make,show,send,tell等。【注意】间接宾语前加上介词to/for，可将其放在直接宾语后面。如：Hegivesapentome.buysbsth,bringsbsth,givesbsth,lendsbsth,tellsbsth,showsbsth,sendsbsth,teachsbsth……主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语（只有1个动作承受者，但需要补充信息才完整）4Heconsiders（觉得）youclever.Shecalledthegirlbaby.Theyfoundthedooropen.Thefoodmademesick.Itmademeexcited.Momaskedmetoopenthedoor补充说明宾语的状态，使句意完整、明确。即宾语“怎么样”S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语）

如何区分“主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语”(1)和“主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”（2）对宾语进行补充说明，即宾语“怎么样”Hisfathergavehimadog他的父亲给了他一条狗Hisfathercalledhimadog他的父亲骂他是狗Hisfathergavehimadog（him是对象，adog是给的东西，

二者不相等）Hisfathercalledhimadog（隐含“他是狗”的意思，所以adog是him的补语）在宾语后添加一个“是”，看能否构成一个逻辑语义通顺的句子。如果能，就是宾语补语如何区分“主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语”(1)和“主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”（2）对宾语进行补充说明，即宾语“怎么样”ImadeJohnamonitor我选John为班长ImadeJohn

acake我给John做了一块蛋糕ImadeJohnacake（John是对象，acake是做的东西，

二者不相等）ImadeJohnamonitor（在宾语后添加“是”，隐含“John是班长”的意思，所以amonitor是John的补语）在宾语后添加一个“是”，看能否构成一个逻辑语义通顺的句子。如果能，就是宾语补语主语+连系动词+表语

（赋予主语某种状态或性质）5S+V+P（主语+连系动词+表语）Heisateacher.Thedinnersmellsgood.表语是对主语特征、身份的描述。谓语动词用连系动词。Heistall.Helookstall.Heisintheroom.Zhong

Nanshan

isourhero.主语+连系动词+表语

（赋予主语某种状态或性质）5连系动词：把主语和表语连起来12355一“be”:

is,am,are二“看来”：appear,seem三“保持”:keep,stay,remain五“变”:get,become，turn,grow,fall五“感官”:smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,taste（尝起来）,feel（感觉）表语：位于系动词之后Tomismyfriend.Helookshandsome.Healwayskeepspositive.如何区分主语+谓语（1）主语+连系动词+表语（2）

Tomisreading.Tomismyfriend.Subject主语Verb谓语动词Object宾语directobject(直接宾语）indirectobjectobjectcomplement（宾语补语）mainelementsadverbial（状语）attributive(定语）usedtomodifyawordorsentence

Whatmakesasentence?一个句子由哪些成分组成？主语谓语宾语定语状语1.Mindyisabeautifulgirl.2.Theshoutinggirlhasbeautifuleyes.4.ThestudentsinvitedtothepartywerefromChengdu.3.MindyisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.考定语（形容词）（现在分词）（句子）（过去分词）【用来修饰限定名词或代词的品质特征】考状语（副词）【对谓语中心词修饰、限制】1.MindyspeaksEnglishverywell.2.Whenshewas12yearsold,shecouldspeakfivelanguages.3.Everyonecangreetothersbysaying“Hello”.（句子）（介词短语）Hetalkedtoomuch.主语+谓语动词+状语

（状语修饰动词，形容词、副词或整个句子）6S+V+A主语+谓语+状语Iwokeupearly.Heeathappily.Ibreatheddeeply.Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.主语+谓语动词+宾语+状语

（状语修饰动词，形容词、副词或整个句子）7S+V+O+A主语+谓语+宾语+状语You’llmakethemostofyourtimeatseniorhigh.Ilookedattheminpanic.Ihadpictureditoverandoveragaininmymind如何区分主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（1）主语+谓语+宾语+状语（2）

宾补是补充说明宾语，缺了宾语，句子意思不完整Hisfathercalledhimadog他的父亲骂他是狗ImadeJohnamonitor我选John为班长状语是修饰成分，修饰谓语动词/形容词/整个句子，缺了状语，句子意思仍然完整You’llmakethemostofyourtimeatseniorhigh.Analyzethefollowingsentences.分析句子成分1.Theyworkhard.主语谓语表语2.Theflower is dead.主语系动词状语3.Plants need water.主语谓语间宾4.He gives me someseeds.主语谓语宾语直宾5.Weshouldfinish homeworkinclass.主语谓语宾语6.We found her intears.主语谓语宾语宾补状语Basicsentencestructures

Matchthesentencesthatsharethesamestructures.1.Isawawhite-hairedman.2.Ireplied.3.Hegavemeasmile.4.Ibreatheddeeply.5.Ilookedattheminpanic.6.Iwasembarrassed.7.Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed!aHewasfriendly.bTheexammademequitenervous.cIpassedhimabook.dSheagreed.eHewrotealongletter.fHetalkedloudly.gShelookedafterhersisterpatiently.Grammar:BasicsentencestructuresDecidethesentencestructures.分析下列句子成分Isawawhite-hairedman.Ireplied.Hegavemeasmile.Ibreatheddeeply.Ilookedattheminpanic.Iwasembarrassed.Hiswordsmademealotmorerelaxed!主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+状主+系+表主+谓+宾+状主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓主+